Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Philosophie de l'homme – Humanité'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Philosophie de l'homme – Humanité.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Bimbenet, Étienne. "Nature et humanité dans l'oeuvre de Merleau-Ponty." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20007.
Full textBarrera, Guillaume. "L'homme à définir : recherches sur la figure de l'homme dans l'oeuvre de Montesquieu en général, et dans l'Esprit des lois en particulier." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0116.
Full textAlombert, Anne. "Simondon et Derrida face aux questions de l'homme et de la technique : ontogenèse et grammatologie dans le moment philosophique des années 1960." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2020/2020PA100085/2020PA100085.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is twofold. First, we focus on the projects of ontogenesis and grammatology, formulated by G. Simondon in 1958 and by J. Derrida in 1967, we situate them in their theoretical context and we evaluate their metaphysical and epistemological stakes (we try to show that a new way of thinking is appearing, after the end of Western metaphysics) ;Secondly, we focus on the theoretical consequences of Simondon’s and Derrida’s thought, particularly on the questions of human and technics (we try to show that they both open a way beyond humanism and reductionism by rethinking the links between life, technics and mind or spirit). We finally try to revive Simondon’s and Derrida’s reflections in the contemporary technical context, in order to open new perspectives on the anthropological and social consequences of the current digital transformations
Federau, Alexander. "Philosophie de l'Anthropocène : interprétations et épistémologie." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL006.
Full textFor several decades, part of the scientific community has observed and denounced the magnitude of the anthropogenic environmental change. A recent concept has emerged from these concerns, which crystallises the idea of a lasting planetary transformation: the Anthropocene, the proposal to define a new geological epoch that ends the Holocene, and in which the human being has become a geological force. This work assumes that the Anthropocene brings modern dualism between man and nature to its extreme limits. In the first part, the actual debates from geologists on the Anthropocene are discussed, as well as the precursors. The multiple dimensions of the Ôgeological forceÕ are presented, as well as the consequences for the protection of nature. The second part is interpretative. A typology of different understandings of the Anthropocene is given. The modalities of interdisciplinary work between natural and social sciences are examined. The question of how it is possible to overcome modern dualism is analysed. A special question is to understand how the Anthropocene gives a new meaning to our understanding of time. Finally, it is shown how and why the Anthropocene asks us to adapt our planetary representations. There is no consensus on the meaning of the Anthropocene, which is a blessing for some, the announcement of a disaster for others. The thesis offers a philosophical look and original interpretation on a controversial issue of great news
Grassadonio, Guido. "Lucien Goldmann : pour un marxisme humaniste. De l’anthropologie paradoxale à l’autogestion ouvrière." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH158.
Full textLucien Goldmann, 1913-1970, was an important figure in the debate on the relation between Marxism et Humanism, from the 1950's until the day of his death.The purpose of this work is to show, first of all, his philosophical foundations of his Marxist humanism, that is simultaneously a critic of Sartre and an irreducible enemy of Althusser and all the structuralist school. The heart of his thought is a paradoxical anthropology inspired by Pascal and his conception of wager, but also by Goethe's Faust and the idea of the necessity of a «passage through evil» or an ethical/political compromise. Dialectic and pascalian wager compose in Goldmann's view one philosophical unity, which this work has tried to describe its most important moments.In the second part, we tried to describe the Goldmann's sociological work of historical reconstruction of most important form of (sometimes political, sometimes only cultural) humanist resistance: from novel to worker’s self-government, passing by the history of socialist movement.Finally, this work is also to highlight Goldmann's thought, that of a new socialism based on the concept of worker automation and characterized by the non-abolition of the free market, and it's confrontation with other authors, like Bloch, Balibar, Fromm, Althussser and Mallet. The objective is to show how some statement of the author can be useful to today debate
Lucien Goldmann, 1913-1970, è stato una figura importante all'interno del dibattito sul rapporto fra marxismo e umanesimo tra gli anni '50 fino alla sua scomparsa.Questo lavoro mira, per prima cosa, a mostrare le vere basi filosofiche del suo umanesimo marxista, contemporaneamente critico di Sartre e irriducibilmente nemico d'Althusser e di tutta la scuola strutturalista. Come cuore di tale pensiero troviamo un'antropologia paradossale ispirata tanto da Pascal e dalla sua concezione del "pari", tanto dal Faust di Goethe, con l'idea della necessità di un "cammino attraverso il male", ovvero di un compromesso etico/politico. Dialettica e scommessa pascaliana compongono nell'autore una sola unità filosofica, di cui questo lavoro prova a descriverne i passaggi principali.In un secondo momento, si è provato anche a descrivere il lavoro sociologico proposto da Goldmann nel tentativo di ricostruire le forme principali di resistenza umanista (sia politica, sia meramente culturale) alla società capitalista reificata e reificante: dal romanzo fino all'autogestione operaia, passando per la storia del movimento socialista.In fine, questo lavoro prova pure a descrivere l'ultima proposta politica di Goldmann, ovvero quella di un nuovo socialismo, fondata sul concetto di autogestione operaia e caratterizzato dalla non abolizione le libero mercato.All'interno di questo percorso, una grande importanza è data al confronto tra le idee goldmanniane e quelle di altri autori, come Bloch, Balibar, Fromm, Mallet e Althusser. Lo scopo è quello di mostrare come certe proposte dell'autore siano ancora all'altezza del dibattito attuale
Fauvel, Guillaume. "La démocratie face à la condition posthumaine : la réponse transhumaniste à l'énigme de l'humanité des hommes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN1G001.
Full textTranshumanism promotes a model of humanity that is entirely subject to the sole techno-scientific power that is itself oriented by neoliberal ideology. The figure of the "augmented man" or "posthuman" is constituted on the reduction of the human to what in its condition is the most "governable", the most docile, the easiest to direct and to adapt to the requirements of efficiency and economic performativity. Transhumanism thus becomes the support for the creation and conditioning of a new subjectivity willing to let itself be led according to the demands of a market society.The "posthuman" would allow to reach the ultimate objective of a total depoliticization of the individuals and the society to the profit of an integral economization of the individuals and the society. Taken in this transhumanist soteriology, the humanity of the men does not appear any more like an enigma, like what the men can “let understand of their humanity” when they are free to question perpetually the sense of it which refers to an indefinable Idea and thus essentially enigmatic [Robert Legros]. By mobilizing the tools of Critical Theory, political philosophy, theories of democracy and the history of political ideas, the stake of this thesis lies in the analysis of the transhumanist movement in the light of a domination of the neoliberal ideology which hides the fact that the utopia of a posthumanity is only the ideological illusion of a democracy which will have definitively exhausted its utopian energy at the same time as it will have ceased to maintain the enigma of the humanity of the men as the political source of a true emancipation
Ambririki, Hamidani-Attoumani. "Ordre et justice chez Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982990.
Full textAmbririki, Hamidani-Attoumani. "Ordre et justice chez Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Phd thesis, Lille 3, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00982990.
Full textIt is an examination of the interdependent links but paradoxall betwen order and justice in Rousseau, in their context, in nature and society in general, since order seems a preeminent element in rousseauist work but without justice, its value is negative. The relationship between the two concepts thus depends on the adopted point of view. The interpedence of these concepts is still complicated by their polysemia. Order appears under a natural, social and individual form, and justice obeys a double paradigm : a natural paradigm of justice and a rational paradigm of justice. However, the both models are limited. To resolve the problem of unfair order, Rousseau thus combines equality and injustice, and proposes the theory of fair individual education
Delpla, Isabelle. "Autrui : de l'expérience au concept." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20071.
Full textThe difficulty of translating the word "autrui" in english gives an hint of the problem dealt with in this dissertation. "autrui" is not only the epistemological problem of other minds nor the only category of otherness, whereas there is no problem of other people or of other persons in english speaking philosophy. Our problem is precisely to find the unity o f those different problems (theoretical or ethical, for instance) not related in analytic philosophy, to think the other as someone who thinks, who feels, knows, and as well desires, wants or imagines. But confronted with a multiplicity of experiences ans problems, it is doubtfull that "autrui" is an objet of thought. Is not he an illusion, a false problem o r even a false solution for theory of communication, of exteriority and intersubjectivity? under which conditions the ot her is an object of thought? under which conditions the intersubjectice relation is essential? this work of general philosophy, and not of history of philosophy, wants to be an atempts to outlines prolegomens to a thought of the other, with a triple goal of clarification, critics and linking. The problem, the experience and the concept of the other can only be thought by a convergence of differents perspectives, that looks the same by a family ressemblance, and crystaliz e in a central core. There is no crucial experience or category. Autrui is not the other, mais another among others. This intertwining of different perperctives is studied in a second part by an analysis of the principle of charity of quine and davidson, and by the plasticity of the interpretation and the idea of polyphony (as the ideea that many voices resound in each voice so that it is impossible to separate the thought of the other and mine
Aqelsaravani, Zahra. "L'homme, l'humain et l'humanisme dans les oeuvres d'Albert Camus." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30032.
Full textAlbert Camus himself distinguished three phases in his work: that of the absurd (awareness of non-meaning of life led Camus to the idea that man is ‘’ free to live without appeal’’, take a risk to pay the consciences of his errors and must exhaust the joys of this earth. Life accepts the non-sense of the world and finds happiness in even the absurd. Camus says that the absurd is not in man nor in the world, but in their common presences, in their ‘’ confrontation’’ and defines it as ‘’ indifference to the future and the passion to exhaust all that is given’’), that of the revolt: (revolt is considered by him as the only tenable position to face the absurd. It appears with the freedom and passion, as a valid solution and capable of ensuring justice. It alone can assure emotional action capable of overcoming unproductiveness and anxiety created by the absurd), that of the love (Camus meant here the love of man as he is, with its forces and intelligence as well as its limitations and weaknesses. Camus expresses his affection and solidarity towards man. This is not only a classical humanism which expresses itself, not just a moral position, but the position of a sensitive man. Camus still tries to approach these ‘’ few things’’ this ‘’obscure part’’ which is in every man, and himself in particular. This study examines the remarkable prose of Camus that concerns the issue of man, who progresses and changes over the years; attachment to the service of justice, relating to man whose idea is not separable from that of happiness; adherence to human and humanist ethics which are pushing the human mind to perfection. His art is not ‘’ a solitary joy’’. Camus formulates his expectation from man because art is the way of expression of communion between people
Aumond, Florian. "Unité et diversité : Réflexion sur l'oeuvre de René-Jean Dupuy (1918-1997)." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576690.
Full textDesault, Monique. "LE RÔLE DE LA LITTERATURE ET DE LA PHILOSOPHIE POUR ENFANTS DANS L'ÉDUCATION AUX VALEURS QUELS GESTES PROFESSIONNELS ? L'EXEMPLE DE L'ANNEAU DE GYGÈS AU CYCLE 3 DE L'ÉCOLE PRIMAIRE." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674696.
Full textChampseix, Alain. "Progrès et humanité dans l'oeuvre de Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040221.
Full textDubrana, Frédéric. "Signification du corps en chirurgie." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010595.
Full textOulahbib, Lucien-Samir. "Les meurtriers de l'homme." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040287.
Full textNihilism - which we tried to analyze through authors like Blanchot, Bataille, Foucault, Derrida, Lyotard, Deleuze - not only consists of, as the name indicates, the supremacy of nothingness, of the "if nothing is true, everything is allowed" and or its reversal in the "if nothing is true, nothing is allowed" (Camus, 1951, L'Homme révolté, ed. Gallimard, p 94) but also a tactically renouncing and or relativistic elevation, whereas it is strategically ideocratic, absolutist, of an "a" (for example Derrida, La différence in Marges, 1972, ed de Minuit, p 3 and next, here book 4), which, apparently, seems to be an anarchy of the meaning, ( "(. . . ) The concept of difference (is) neither a word nor a concept (. . . )" ibidem), whereas his "a", his "without" (du sens, du sang, du cent. . . Derrida in Positions, 1972, ed de Minuit, p 55, also see book 4) comes up strategically as what has to be accomplished. That is to say the unbroken features of a whole political strategy (Derrida: "yes, my books are political ones", ibid, in interview. . . Didier Eribon, Nouvel observateur, nb 1633 22-28 02 96, p 84) whose outward anarchy of the meaning, displaying, at the same
Giard, Agnès. "Humanité désirée, humanité simulée : etude de l'effet de présence dans les objets anthropomorphiques au Japon." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100076.
Full textMost of the artificial life systems produced in Japan are designed to create a humanlike presence. My researches target the market of life-size dolls equipped with articulated skeleton and a silicone flesh truer than nature. More precisely, it relates to these love doll that less than a dozen companies are currently improving, establishing themselves as the world leaders in this pioneer field. One company particularly got my attention : Orient Industry – the first company in the history of japanese doll business – plays a key role in driving innovation. I focused on the manufacturing process of these products marketed as “substitute wives”, trying to understand how engineers, designers and trade marketing specialists give the doll the appearance of a thinking and feeling being. It appeared that they did not try to create an exact reproduction of a person, but – on the contrary –, something unreal, empty and incomplete. My goal was ultimely to understand the way interaction with objects could be made possible in Japan, through dolls developed as “vacant vehicles”… The study of these realistic bodies led me to understand how Japanese succeed in creating life and consciousness out of inanimate objects. The thesis is composed of three parts which deal with the main aspects of the love doll : she is talked about as a “substitute” (migawari), as a “mirror” (kagami) and as a “double” (bunshin). These three words are the most oftenpronounced by its creators as much as by its users. They correspond to three discourses which contribute to brand the love doll as collective and interactive work aiming, in the guise of game, to build the concept of human
DIBI, KOUADIO. "L'homme selon hegel." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT5006.
Full textHegel is generally considered as a philosopher dissolving any reality in the fluididy of the concept: he doesn't have the mere respect for singular being, in itself. So no attention is paid to man in the intrinsical depth of his subjectivity. In the contrary, we do think hegel raises man to a place where he comes to be honoured as a being who gets to his own plenitude if only he sacrifices his singularity for the absolute. Hegel develops a "staying thought". The infinite process of negativity, while "sursuming" all the forms and moments unable to accomplish it as totality, liberates the movement of life, and expresses the necessity to find a substantial stay where rationality comes to coincide with itself in depth. Hegel's philosophy is a destinal one, paying attention to this infinite depthe where spirit and time become knotted like a cross of the present. Finally, hegelian abstraction can be said a concrete abstraction. Ethics and man as an obliged being do only have their fundation in the night of the essence as reflexion. Because it comes to save intimity, the reflexion of the essence is the ground from which can proceed an intimation
FISCHER, FRANCIS. "Heidegger et la question de l'homme." Strasbourg 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR20054.
Full textHeidegger endeavoured to say man outside the mainstream of metaphysics and humanism, he called him dasein, existing or mortal, favouring the sole relationship to the being. Is that a new thought of man that matches up with our time ? the thesis opens with an analysis of the "letter about humanism" which settled the matter of the essence of man in 1946. The "letter" refered in veiled terms to the long way he had come since the thirties. We try to reconstruct heidegger's development by including his political commitment while our leading thread was the question of man as heidegger formulated it and the way if faded away. In 1929 the question of man reopened kant's question "what is man ?". It ruled out any anthropology and examined the radical finitude of the dasein in man. We show that the question of man dissolved in historiality before it was newly formulated, after the "kehre", in the work of art. The existing is, as mortal, the line of the retreat of being. Eight supplementary studies underline the interest of such a thought of man heidegger onwards and beyond him
Haar, Michel. "Heidegger et l'essence de l'homme." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR20041.
Full textMarinho, Ernandes Reis. "La vision de l'homme chez Foucault." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010621.
Full textFigueira, Tonetto Fernanda. "Pour une suprématie du droit international dans la protection de valeurs intangibles de l’humanité." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020031.
Full textBecause of World War II, international institutions have created a set of rights related to the essence of the human condition that are as intuitive as to systematize. The close relationship between international law and the protection of intangible values of the human community as a whole has its sources from this emergence. Indeed, these values were identified in the light of philosophical and legal constructions about the concept of humanity until the moment when it became protected by the customary and conventional international law. On the one hand, this protection came from the international criminal law and its enlightenment about the conception of crime against humanity and genocide, in a manner that it enabled the identification of the meaning of serious violations. On the other hand, this protection came likewise from international human rights law, in which it took care to safeguard the individual either as a singular and collective human being, as well as of the fundamental rights to the preservation of its human condition. The hardest problem that is presented here is about the difficult interactions between international law and national law. This problem is aggravated by the heritage left by the classic international law paradigms, which leads us to seek the answer concerning how the States react or how States must react when international law aims to safeguard these core human values. In this thesis, we seek to demonstrate that the protection exercised, especially on the basis of prohibitions, places international law in a position of supremacy linked to its character of jus cogens, in order to impose obligations over both States and individuals
Girard, Christian. "L' identité de l'homme chez Plotin." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010537.
Full textGainsi, Grégoire-Sylvestre M. "La question de l'humanisme dans Le Liber de Sapiente de Charles de Bovelles (1479-1566)." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT5007.
Full textTo present Charles de Bovelles (1479-1566) in the heart of the question of humanism which concerns all social strata, political, economic and religious, means to discover his thoughts about the man whose base is the Socratic saying " Man, know yourself ". Humanism is the celebration of the dignity of man, so it remains necessary to know who this man is to discover his dignity. So, for Bovelles, there is no better place for knowledge of human than oneself. To discover oneself as a real, reasonable man, a self-architect and mediator, a human of the world or human-world, as a cultured, virtuous or wise man consenting to divinity and resisting to nothingness, that means to enter into a struggle for holding in this dignity. In the heart of the bovilian Theosophy the 'Sistere in homine', self-knowledge as a way to humanizing, finds its effectiveness in the fight against sin and self- ignorance not only by means of philautie but also of self-knowing in Jesus Christ. It is in Him, genuine humanist of all time, that human reveals oneself as a relic and sign of God who invites him to bliss
Queyroux, Nathalie. "L'acte philosophique selon Vladimir Jankélévitch et Emmanuel Levinas : tentative de lectures croisées." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010532.
Full textSalhab, Mohamad. "La notion de sujet de droit : essai sur l'homme juridique." Lyon 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO31012.
Full textThe observation of juridical subject's statute evolution in positive law and in doctrine shows the diversity of personified elements, particularly the emergence of moral personality in modern law, implying a deep revision in doctrinal conception of juridical subject. But the definition that results is not unified, the doctrinal criterium of group's self will and that of legally protected interest being unable to explain mechanisms of moral personality and the necessary distinction between legal person of state and legal persons in a state. Philosophical foundations of juridical subject concept in modern law are researched, more precisely in Hobbes and Rousseau's works. Beyond compatibility of the modern individualism and the recognition of collective personality, Hobbes and Rousseau specify the necessity to institute some collective persons in order to realize individual natural rights. Juridical subject's theory is therefore that of the condition of the juridical man determining the solution of political and ethical problem of relation to other that is developped in a voluntary perspective by Hobbes and Rousseau. But according to Rousseau himself, the voluntary solution has its own limits requiring the return to the classical sources of natural law in Aristotle's theory. The first part of the research treats of basic problems of juridical subject's
Larroque-Santander, Anne-Lise. "La quête du spectre de l'homme." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030071/document.
Full textWhile the witnesses of the events which have shaped the twentieth century have been disappearing, the contemporary memory’s relations pretend speaking against past violence’s forgetfulness. Although, they aim neither at replacing the missing ones’ relations, nor simply at handing down atrocities’ memory committed during the wars and in concentration camps: the transmission of past experience’s transmissibility is the real stake. These literary statements, written a long time after the happenings, by survivors (M.Rigoni Stern, J.Semprun, I.Kertész) or by second generation’s witnesses (A.Tabucchi), compel statement’s style to rethink its form and its ambitions. The rejection of violence, judged inhuman, appearing tightly bounded to the obligation of remembrance, they question the ownership modalities of this recent past legacy, and confront the impossible denial of violence in human. Also, by revealing the frame imposed to the representation of past, the contemporary testimonials reappraise and question the mystery of the edge between humanity and inhumanity. Memory work therefore proves to be inseparable from the quest for an everlasting base to found the notion of human. Choosing fiction to testimony grants a chance to reach a definition of humanity’s specificity through representation of a past experience. Enabling self-appropriation of the legacy, it allows consideration of the contradictory nature of man. As ethics, it expresses the will in human to shape his being: man remaining relentlessly chasing for himself
Ito, Yukio. "L'homme naturel chez Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE2016.
Full textPiscoci-Danesco, Mariana. "L'Homme, l'Etre historique : traduction, introduction, notes." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040255.
Full textThe purpose of our thesis is to reveal a new conception regarding man, history, culture. An outlook that, in order to explain man, culture history in their evolution from the dawn of humanity until today, has no need to invent an unreal man, a fanciful history or a chimerical culture like it was often the case with philosophy. Through the concept of stylistical field, stylistical matrix or simply, style, this new conception of history is able to give a coherent explanation for such dissimilar civilisations as ancient Egypt, hindonism, Greek culture, different African cultures, etc. Briefly this thesis raises a fundamental one : the humain substance, the specific character of history and culture can be approached only if man is clearly defined and understood as an ontological mutation in the universe. The man, i. E. The historical being represents a precise level in the universal life, that is, the existence for the revelation within the skyline of mystery
Moutot, Lionel. "La fabrication de l'homme rationnel." Lyon 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO31013.
Full textThe 20th-century debate: Positivists versus historian s In the mid-20th century, debate in the philosophy of science became notably detailed, elaborate, and critical; those 50 years, in fact, have seen the subject finally achieving the status of a well-established professional discipline. Not least among the causes of this development have been the profound changes that have taken place since 1900 within theoretical physics and other fundamental branches of natural science. These analyses are based on the problem of rationality: what is the importance on analogical system, in the discovery of science
Le, Menthéour Rudy. "L'homme dénaturé : l'anthropologie polémique de Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Grenoble 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE39054.
Full textThis thesis will attempt to illustrate the strong link between Rousseau's theory of denatured man and his polemical strategy. The first part deals with the distinction between self-love ("amour de soi") and self-liking ("amour-propre"), which is an example of the semantic battle between Rousseau and the "Philosophes". The research on the sources gives precedence to a close approach to this fight for significance. The second part analyses the way Rousseau paradoxically assimilates the medical discourse in order to oppose the new medical anthropology. Even though he denies the diagnosis of melancholy which undermines his theory of man, he draws upon the enemy's concepts and methods to work on his own hygiene of the passions and plan his new "sensory morals". The third part broaches another object of the controversy, namely the ethos. Rousseau masters this rhetorical device and conveys it an utmost efficiency thanks to his "profession of truth", in tune with his spiritual quest. This unconventional ethos leads him to a major innovation : the deliberate merging of rhetorics and self-representation. This study aims at putting polemical strategy back into the core of the thought of Enlightenment, and notably Rousseau's political and moral system
Pagès, Didier. "Condition de l'homme : travail et citoyenneté." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100113.
Full textAllouche, Sylvie. "Philosopher sur les possibles avec la science-fiction : l'exemple de l'homme technologiquement modifié." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010701.
Full textGoetz, Rose. "Destutt de tracy. Philosophie du langage et science de l'homme." Lille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL30006.
Full textThough the work of destutt de tracy, like that of all ideologists, has been given too little attention, its paramount importance in philosophy in the transitionary period between the xviiith and xixth centuries cannot be denied. Indebted as it was to the philosophy of the enlightenment -of which it was both a completion and a fulfilment- it was given a new impetus by the "science of ideas". Conceived during the french revolution, it attempts to lay the foundations of all sciences then in existence as well as those yet to come into being, particularly those likely to generate a veritable "social art". These foundations are to be found in rational and experimental metaphysics, themselves firmly rooted in physio- logy. The "ideological" (in the modern sense of the word) content of the components of this "science of mankind", and the illusory purposefulness that is given to them cannot entirely obscure the very pertinent and rigorous philosophical proble- matic that is deployed in tracy's system, mainly in elements of ideology and in his commentary on montesquieu's esprit des lois. His philosophy consists in a compre- hensive investigation of the possibilities for individuals of liberating themselves from all the constraints that their ignorance of the laws of human nature and their subservience to pernicious institutions impose on them. Language plays a prominent part in this striving for liberation through knowledge. For the achievement of
Iino, Kazuo. "La palingénésie et la liberté de l'homme chez Charles Bonnet : étude comparative." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010613.
Full textGoetz, Rose. "Destutt de Tracy philosophie du langage et science de l'homme /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613977c.
Full textMassot, Olivier Pierre Joseph. "Un jeu de construction : de l'homme droit à l'homme normalisé." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1A033.
Full textJobin, Christian. "La connaissance scientifique de l'homme et le problème de la liberté." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44087.
Full textRaffin, Marcelo Sergio. "Le sujet, les droits de l'homme et le devenir : l'expérience contemporaine dans le Cône sud d'Amérique." Paris 8, 2003. http://docelec.u-bordeaux.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782343111230.
Full textThis thesis intends to think philosophically the problem of the subject through the subject of human rights in the context of the dictatorships and post-dictatorships of the Southern Cone of America. It analyses, more specifically, the dialectical relationship between the forms of state terrorism (especially systematic and massive violations) and the forms of the subjectivity of human rights and of the subject in general. Such a task requires the revision of different aspects of the same problem : the object human rights as such, the theories of the subject, the dictatorships and democratic transitions of the Southern Cone, the philosophical formulation of systematic and massive violations of human rights under the category of " radical evil " and the different ways of deconstructing and constructing the past and the future through the " solutions " given to the problems posed, the creations produced and the roads opened and in particular the projection of the possibilities offered to human rights and through it, to the " theory " of the subject in a transitional world
Rieu, Marie-Antoine. "Recomposition de l'être social." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10057.
Full textCorbic, Arnaud. "Les fondements d'une philosophie de l'homme sans Dieu dans l'oeuvre d'Albert Camus." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010547.
Full textThomas, Jean-Paul. "Pour une éthique de la finitude : l'essor des biotechnologies et la question de l'homme." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD277.
Full textVoisine, Jimmy. "La dépendance moderne de l'homme envers la technique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29689/29689.pdf.
Full textBenaïssa, Omar. "L'ere de l'homme parfait, l'ecole d'ibn 'arabi en iran aux 13eme et 14eme siecles." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030126.
Full textThe spreading of the teachings of muhy al-din ibn 'arabi (d. 640h. /1240) well-known as the shaykh al-akbar, the greatest of the sufi masters, in the persian speaking cultural area, - iran and surrounding world -, was already achieved by the end of the 7th/14th century. The works reached that area, copies widely circulated and masters were specializing in that teaching. It soon imposed itself as the doctrine of islam for many thinkers of that time. The issue which remains unsolved today is that of the true causes of this rapid spreading, and the deep motivations of the promoters of this doctrine. This implies the study of its roots. In others words, is it original or should one look for an unsaid inspiration of its author? after a methodological introduction and a definition of the criterias for the research, we give a glimpse of the main themes dealt with in the teachings of ibn arabi's school as they appear in the works of the first commentators of the fusus al-hikam, the book which were used as the summary of that teaching. Being, and more precisely absolute being, al-wujud al-mutlaq which displays itself in differents degrees; unity of being, wahdat al-wujud, an expression which is generally used to designate the thought of ibn 'arabi; sainthood, walaya and its corollary, the perfect man, al-insan al-kamil, are among the major ideas introduced by ibn 'arabi's school. In a second part, we introduce the transmitters of these teachings in that area according to our criterias. We give a particular attention to sadr al-din al-qunawi (673/1274) the foremost disciple of ibn 'arabi, the main agent of that diffusion, thanks to the nucleus of students gathered around him in qonya, then the intellectual capital of the farsi speaking world. He strived to ensure to his master's thought a deep influence in the intellectual milieu of the moslem society
Simay, Philippe. "Tradition et contestation : éléments pour une éthique de la transmission." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100185.
Full textThe notion of tradition occupies a central place in different philosophic controversies today where it is often mobilized as an argument of authority. For all that, the nature of the tradition is not questioned. Nobody seems to doubt that the tradition dismisses to something former, being passed on of generation in generation. Now, for more than fifty years, the social sciences critisize of such a representation " chosifiante " of the tradition. This thesis suggests studying the notion of tradition of a philosophic point of view, by approaching this question from the experiences of the social sciences, notably the anthropology. It is not only a question of returning in a critical way on the philosophic readings of the tradition, and on the misunderstandings to which they gave place but also to question philosophically the anthropological perspectives to end in a better understanding of the traditional phenomena
Nguyen, Dang Truc. "Le conflit entre le Soi et la vérité : l'humanité de l'homme chez les penseurs grecs anciens." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Nguyen.Dang_Truc.LMZ0605.pdf.
Full textWestem thought would fall into a vacuum if it deviated from the way of the truth founded on consciousness and Self, as the famous word of Hegel affirms it : the self-awareness is the native soil of the truth. "In the first half of the twentieth century, E. Husserl was already convinced that this selfawareness, commonly called "Greek reflection", would set up for times to come a "supra-nationality" in which "the spiritual figure of Europe takes shape. " And with the rising tide of today's globalization and intercultural dialogue, it seems that the sarne 'Greek reflection' and the same, conviction in the obviousness of basing the truth on Self are being presented to mankind as a path to the future. However do the ancient Greeks, in whom one conventionally recognizes the achievement of establishing Westem thought, found the meaning of man's humanity on Self ? Of course not! Like ancient wise men in various cultures of the world, the ancient Greeks were very conscious of the place of Self related to the human condition. But in an absolutely contradictoty way to the "Greek reflection", they were inspired by the poetic Word to denounce Self as the source of illusion to which man is originally chained up, and to reveal man's authentic identity as the relationship of always, but hidden, coming from the Other and others. Indeed, the separation of Self frorn the truth, as well as the fight between the two within human existence for achievement of humanity, constitute the tragic element in the Greek tragedy, particularly in Aeschylus's Prometheus Enchained and Sophocles' Oedipus the King, and inspire the poetic words of pre-Socratic thinkers, especially Heraclius and Parmenides, and finally justify Socrates' thought, life and death
Jouan, Marlène. "Autonomie personnelle et normativité morale : essai d'articulation anthropologique." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0010.
Full textIn many respects, the Kantian « invention » of autonomy seems to be reduced today to the exemplary philosophical mark of metaphysical subjectivism lying at the core of modernity’s moral and political idealizations. At tune with an empirically and logically untenable picture of human beings, with some individualism whose promises for emancipation have shown themselves partly illusory, and with requirements distorting our ordinary relationships with others, the concept of autonomy would be unable to offer a coherent normative ideal. While taking these critics into account, the present work aims at reconstructing a concept of personal autonomy which would succeed in sticking with the ethical expectations expressed in this fundamental value. If such an enterprise implies to shift away from moral autonomy’s heritage, the resources provided by moral psychology, philosophical anthropology and psychoanalysis also open the way towards the articulation of a new relationship between autonomy and morality. Our guiding issue is then the following: which form of human life is autonomy the projection of?
Bégorre-Bret, Cyrille. "Aristote et la définition de l'homme." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100167.
Full textScholars usually think that Aristode makes a de finition of man. But they don't analyze the different phrases made by Aristode on man through his own conception of de finition. Definition is a very specific kind of sentence which offers the most fondamental scientific knowledge about a being. It must comply certain characteristics. It must in particular be universal, i. E. Hold for ail the deftniendum. But if one tries to collect, compare and scrutinize these different formulas, one can unexpectedly see that none of them can be considered as the definition of man by the Philosopher. The famous phrases describing men as politicaI or rationaI animaIs can't be definitionnal in Aristode's view because they don't fit his own definitional standards: they don't show a characterist universally owned by men and by men only. Aristode's conception of man is not aimed at deflning him but at describing his naturaI features or at showing his dignity
Decriem, Roger. "Essai sur une dialectique ouverte de l'homme et du travail a partir de l'esthetique d'alain." Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE29011.
Full textThe author of this essay is not interested to the topics about knowledge of man. He does not ask him- self about the alternative when man is or not. The humanist philosophy as it is explained in this essay describes us an humanism without human na- ture. Human is considered as a process which results from the easthectics and material working. In these perspective man is less considered as a producer than a product. The veritable work of art is unfinished and this unfinishment is also the main characteristic of human process. Before it becomes an artist man must practises an material handicraft. Artist is at first a workman who intertains relations with material, through the instrumentality of several tools. The importance of mztters, materials, body and work in the alanian aethetic shows with a great evidence that the author of "les passions et les arts" is not an intellectualist philosoph and then he must be considered as a precursor, as a thinker who annouces existentialism philosophy
Boufassa, Sami. "Homme, environnement artificiel et prospective : essai sur les rapports entre l'homme et son environnement urbain futur." Lyon 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO31004.
Full textRIVIERE, BEATRICE. "Reflexion a l'aube d'une carriere medicale : quelle medecine pour l'avenir de l'homme." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT107M.
Full text