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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Philosophical views of Austin'
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1
Friggieri, J. "Austin on actions and speech actions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381835.
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Egan, David William. "Disenchanting philosophy : Wittgenstein, Austin, and the appeal to ordinary language." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8afc21cc-7909-4954-89d8-878820f95762.
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This thesis examines the appeal to ordinary language as a distinctive methodological feature in the later philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein and the work of J. L. Austin. This appeal situates our language and concepts within the broader forms of life in which we use them, and seeks to ‘disenchant’ idealizations that extract our language and concepts from this broader context. A disenchanted philosophy recognizes our forms of life as manifestations of attunement: a shared common ground of understanding and behaviour that cannot itself be further explained or justified. By working through the consequences of seeing our forms of life as ultimately ungrounded in this way, the thesis illuminates the underlying importance of play to shared practices like language. The first two chapters consider the appeal to ordinary language as it features in the work of Austin and Wittgenstein, respectively. By placing each author in turn in dialogue with Jacques Derrida, the thesis draws out the importance of seeing our attunement as ungrounded, and the difficulty of doing so. Austin’s appeal to a ‘total context’ betrays the sort of idealization Austin himself opposes, whereas Wittgenstein and Derrida must remain self-reflexively vigilant in order to avoid the same pitfall. Chapter Three explores connections between the appeal to ordinary language and Martin Heidegger’s analysis of ‘average everydayness’ in Being and Time. Heidegger takes average everydayness to be a mark of inauthenticity. However, in acknowledging the ungroundedness of attunement, the appeal to ordinary language manifests a turn similar to Heidegger’s appeal to authenticity. Furthermore, Wittgenstein’s use of conceptual ‘pictures’ also allows him to avoid some of the confusions in Heidegger’s work. Chapter Four considers the nature of our ungrounded attunement, and argues that we both discover and create this attunement through play, which is unregulated activity that itself gives rise to regularity.
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Wong, Suk-har, and 黃淑霞. "The philosophical thoughts of Ko Hung and his views on the value of life =." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44569762.
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MacSwain, Robert Carroll. "'Solved by sacrifice' : Austin Farrer, fideism, and the evidence of faith." Thesis, St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/920.
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Shaker, Asaad. "Reason and finality in Ibn Zakarīyāʾ al-Rāzī's philosophical works." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60093.
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In this study, the relationship between medical thought and philosophy is investigated through the works of the famous Islamic thinker, Abu Bakr Muhammad b. Zakariya al-Razi (ca. 250-323/864-935). In one of the texts we shall be examining Razi thought that he could resolve the problem of the world's creation through allegory. Razi's interlocuter was concerned to defend the idea of epistemological "revelation." Although Razi agrees that the Intellect was sent by the Creator, he insists that this was done primarily for the benefit of the "self," which had become entangled in "material confusion." He is particularly concerned to counter the authoritarian implications of his opponent's epistemological position, which appears to emphasize doctrinal truth at the expense of all other considerations. These considerations are taken up by Razi in another work, the Kitab al-tibb al-ruhani. There, he draws on the science of medical treatment for application in ethics, but with some interesting implications for the problem of knowledge. The real object must be to bring man to his proper destination, and in this Razi's views coincide with the early mystical tradition in Islam, from al-Hujwiri to al-Ghazzali, where the problem essentially consists of existential realization rather than a merely abstract or intellectual process.
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Newburg, Anne. "Derek Parfit and personal identity : is Parfit's relation R all that matters?" Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59915.
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This thesis examines Derek Parfit's theory of personal identity. Parfit argues that what matters in the continued existence of persons through time is psychological connectedness and continuity (relation R), and that the identity relation does not matter. He makes this claim through a series of arguments which, he says, inevitably lead to the conclusions that relation R is the only relation that matters, in all cases. I argue that Parfit does not convincingly demonstrate that relation R is in fact all that matters. In examining each of Parfit's arguments, I show that it is possible to draw conclusions that are inconsistent with those drawn by him. I argue that this shows Parfit's position to be an arbitrary one. If Parfit's arguments do not necessarily lead to the conclusion that relation R is all that matters in questions of survival, then his theory is not an adequate solution to the problem of personal identity.
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Ciccotti, Jesse Andrew. "Do sages make better king ? a comparative philosophical study of monarchy in the Mèngzǐ and Marcus Aurelius's Meditations." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/619.
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This project examines and compares the political philosophies supporting the centralized authority of monarchs elaborated by two major figures of antiquity, Mèngzǐ (Mencius, 372-289 BC) of the Warring States period in China, and Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (Μαρκος Αυρηλιος Αντωνινος, 121-180 AD) of the later Roman Empire. The texts that have transmitted the ideas of these two men--the Mèngzǐ and the Meditations--have shaped the political actions of rulers, as well as the ideas and ideals of political theorists, from their formation down to the present day. Each thinker made substantial claims concerning the role of a philosophically-oriented monarch in actualizing governance that is both benevolent and beneficent under a form of absolute authority. The present study will compare basic principles of Mèngzǐ's and Marcus's political philosophies as they relate to monarchical rule expressed in those two classic works, and draw from these principles to create a new criterion in political philosophy that can be used to critique contemporary political arrangements characterized by strong centralization of power. This project will not be a polemic for monarchy or strongly centralized political governments; it is an exploration into political philosophical principles advocated by Marcus and Mèngzǐ, demonstrating how rulers in strongly centralized political institutions can exercise their power in ways that result in good for the people, and how principles advocated by Marcus and Mèngzǐ can be transformed into a criterion for practical application in contemporary political settings, without having to resort to political philosophical principles popular in most Anglo-European contexts.
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Zackariasson, Ulf. "Forces by Which We Live : Religion and Religious Experience from the Perspective of a Pragmatic Philosophical Anthropology." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-1906.
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This study argues that a pragmatic conception of religion would enable philosophers to make important contributions to our ability to handle concrete problems involving religion. The term 'philosophical anthropology', referring to different interpretative frameworks, which philosophers draw on to develop conceptions of human phenomena, is introduced. It is argued that the classical pragmatists embraced a philosophical anthropology significantly different from that embraced by most philosophers of religion; accordingly, pragmatism offers an alternative conception of religion. It is suggested that a conception of religion is superior to another if it makes more promising contributions to our ability to handle extra-philosophical problems of religion. A pragmatic philosophical anthropology urges us to view human practices as responses to shared experienced needs. Religious practices develop to resolve tensions in our views of life. The pictures of human flourishing they persent reconstruct our views of life, thereby allowing more significant interaction with the environment, and a more significant life. A modified version of reflective equilibrium is developed to show how we, on a pragmatic conception of religion, are able to supply resources for criticism and reform of religious practices, so the extra-philosophical problems of religion can be handled. Mainstream philosophy of religion attempts to offer such resources by presenting analogy-arguments from religious experience. Those arguments are, however, unconvincing. A comparison of the two conceptions of religion thus results in a recommendation to reconstruct philosophy of religion.
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Sadian, Samuel Dominic. "Arguing from identity: ontology to advocacy in Charles Taylor's political thought." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003039.
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In this thesis I discuss three normative claims that I take to be central elements of Charles Taylor’s political thought. The first of these is Taylor’s contention that, in contemporary pluralistic societies, justifying socially prevailing norms by appealing to universally binding moral values is unlikely to promote social solidarity. Because this approach tends to downplay the goods that people realise through membership in particular associations, Taylor believes we must adopt a model of justification that does not prioritise universal over particular goods if we are to further social co-operation. A second claim Taylor defends is that commitment to the liberal value of collective self-rule implies treating patriotically motivated public service as a non-instrumental good. We should not, Taylor argues, regard collective association as nothing more than a means to satisfying private goals. Taylor advances a third claim, that is, he maintains that liberal toleration for diverse ways of life may require a perfectionist state that supports particularistic ways of life when they are threatened by decline. I offer a qualified defence of the first two claims, but suggest that the third is less compelling. I attempt to do this by evaluating Taylor’s claims against the standards of lucid argumentation that he himself lays down. In discussing social and political norms, which he describes as “advocacy” issues, Taylor argues that our normative commitments necessarily rely on an underlying social ontology. More specifically, Taylor argues that the political values we defend are those that enable us to secure the interests we have as the bearers of an identity possessing both individual and collective dimensions. In setting out the conditions that favour integrated and free identity formation we may thereby reach a clearer understanding of the political norms that we wish to endorse. I argue that, while Taylor’s ontological reflections might well incline us to accept his model of justification and his account of patriotic social commitment, they do not of themselves dispose us to accept state perfectionism.
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McCall, Katie Marie 1978. "Utilizing qualitative and quantitative research methods to understand women's sexual self-views." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17861.
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Employing both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, my dissertation project involved three phases aimed at examining women’s sexual selfviews. The primary aim of this research was to develop a comprehensive and multifaceted self-report measure of women’s sexual self-views. Phase 1 began the investigation of women’s sexual self-views through open-ended questions posed during qualitative interviews with a diverse sample of women varying among many demographic variables. The initial selection of items of the Women’s Sexual Self-Views (WSSV) scale were derived from the transcripts of Phase 1 interviews. Phase 2 focused on the development of a valid instrument intended to tap the construct of women’s sexual self-views and examined its association to potentially relevant variables, including sexual functioning status. Results from factor analyses highlighted discrete factors of women’s sexual self-views which were labeled as: Positive Sexual Self-Views (12 items), Negative Internal/Affective Sexual Self-Views (6 items), Negative External/ Behavioral Sexual Self-Views (5 items), Interpersonally-Relevant Sexual Self-Views (6 items), and Conservative Sexual Self-Views (5 items). The final version of the WSSV scale is a brief, 34-item measure of sexual self-views. Psychometric evaluation of the WSSV scale provided preliminary evidence of reliability and validity. The ability of the WSSV scale to differentiate between women with and without sexual concerns was demonstrated for the Positive Sexual Self-Views domain and the Negative Internal/ Affective Sexual Self-Views domain. That is, women with sexually difficulties had lower Positive Sexual Self-Views and higher Negative Internal/ Affective Sexual Self-Views as compared to sexually healthy controls. Phase 3 investigated the relationship between sexual self-views and memory for sexual information. Results provided initial evidence that participants performed better on sexually-relevant memory tasks which were consistent with their sexual self-views. I believe that the following study provides a deeper understanding of the cognitive factors involved in female sexual functioning and begins to provide a framework for understanding the role of memory in women’s sexuality.text
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Sneddon, Rachel Brems. "Dance and the body in early Christianity philosophical views of glorification and condemnation /." 2002. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Chean, Jenny Leong Miao, and 梁妙琴. "A Dialogue Between Philosophical Views in Dying And The Catholic Canonization Of Martyrs." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75201501022323311595.
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碩士輔仁大學
宗教學系
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Understand the Catholic Canonization of Martyrs from perspective of the Philosophical Views on Dying, and the dialogue between these two areas. Chapter 1 is about the Christian Theological understanding of martyrdom, Chapter 2 is about the veneration of Saints in Catholic Church; Chapter 3 collected the philosophical views on Dying in both Chinese and Western philosophy, chapter 4 present the research of Ladislaus Boros about the moment of death, and also his assumption of the final decision in the moment of death; chapter 5 is the conclusion of this thesis and the dialogue between these two area.
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Nayagar, Pragashen. "A critical enquiry into the socio-philosophical trends of Aurobindo's integral philosophy and Marx's philosophical communism." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6283.
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Lo, Ai-lun, and 羅愛倫. "Studies in Contemporary Cosmology and the Concept of Cosmic Noumena－An Analysis of Scientific and Philosophical World Views." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80009603887485519686.
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Bernitz, Denise Henrietta. "A philosophical assessment of the role of personal and impersonal paradigms in explanations according to the views of Robin Horton." Diss., 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18080.
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Shantall, Hester Maria. "A heuristic study of the meaning of suffering among holocaust survivors." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16020.
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Is there meaning in suffering or ts suffering only a soul-destroying experience from which nothing positive can emerge? In seeking to answer this question, a heuristic study was made of the experiences and views of
the famous Auschwitz survivor, Viktor Frankl, supplemented by an exploration of the life-worlds of
other Nazi concentration camp survivors. The underlying premise was that if meaning can be found in
the worst sufferings imaginable, then meaning can be found in every other situation of suffering.
Seeking to illuminate the views of Frankl and to gain a deeper grasp of the phenomenon of
suffering, the theoretical and personal views of mainstream psychologists regarding the nature of man
and the meaning of hi.~ sufferings were studied. Since the focus of this research was on the suffering of the Holocaust survivor, the Holocaust as the context of the present study, was studied as a crisis of meaning and as psychological adversity. In trying to establish the best way to gain entry into the life-world of the Holocaust survivor, the research methods employed in Holocaust survivor studies were reviewed and, for the purposes of
this study, found wanting. The choice and employment of a heuristic method yielded rich data which illuminated the fact that, through a series of heroic choices Frankl, and the survivors who became research participants,
could attain spiritual triumph in the midst of suffering caused by an evil and inhumane regime. Hitherto unexplored areas of psychological maturity were revealed by these heroes of suffering from which the following conclusions could be drawn:
Man attains the peaks of moral excellence through suffering. Suffering can have meaning.
Suffering can call us out of the moral apathy and mindlesness of mere existence.
The Holocaust, one of the most tragic events in human history, contains, paradoxically, a
challenge to humankind. Resisting the pressure to sink to the level of a brute fight for mere
survival, Frankl and the research participants continued to exercise those human values
important to them and triumphantly maintained their human dignity and self-respect. Evidence
was provided that man has the power to overcome evil with good.Psychology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
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Byrne, D. C. (Deirdre C. ). "Selves and others : the politics of difference in the writings of Ursula Kroeber le Guin." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16246.
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Selves and Others: The Politics of Difference in the Writings of Ursula Kroeber Le Guin
has two founding premises. One is that Le Guin's writing addresses the political issues of the late
twentieth century in a number of ways, even although speculative fiction is not generally
considered a political genre. Questions of self and O/other, which shape political (that is, powerinflected)
responses to difference, infuse Le Guin's writing. My thesis sets out to investigate the
mechanisms of representation by which these concerns are realized.
My chapters reflect aspects of the relationship between self and O/other as I perceive it
in Le Guin's work. Thus my first chapter deals with the representations of imperialism and
colonialism in five novels, three of which were written near the beginning of her literary career.
My second chapter considers Le Guin's best-known novels, The Left Hand of Darkness (1969)
and The Dispossessed (1974), in the context of the alienation from American society recorded
by thinkers in the 1960s. In my third chapter, the emphasis shifts to intrapsychic questions and
splits, as I explore themes of sexuality and identity in Le Guin's novels for and about adolescents.
I move to more public matters in my fourth and fifth chapters, which deal, respectively, with the
politicized interface between public and private histories and with disempowerment. In my final
chapter, I explore the representation of difference and politics in Le Guin's intricate but critically
neglected poetry.
My second founding premise is that traditional modes of literary criticism, which aim to
arrive at comprehensive and final interpretations, are not appropriate for Le Guin's mode of writing, which consistently refuses to locate meaning definitely. My thesis seeks and explores
aporias in the meaning-making process; it is concerned with asking productive questions, rather
than with final answers. I have, consequently, adopted a sceptical approach to the process of
interpretation, preferring to foreground the provisional and partial status of all interpretations.
I have found that postmodern and poststructuralist literary theory, which focuses on textual gaps
and discontinuities, has served me better than more traditional ways of readingEnglish Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (English)
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de, Haan Phil, Bernard Zylstra, Dave Woods, and Robert E. VanderVennen. "Perspective vol. 19 no. 1 (Feb 1985)." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10756/251275.
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Sweetman, Roseanne Lopers, Henriette Thompson, Bernard Zylstra, and Robert E. VanderVennen. "Perspective vol. 15 no. 1 (Feb 1981)." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10756/251300.
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de, Haan Phil, Bernard Zylstra, Dave Woods, and Robert E. VanderVennen. "Perspective vol. 19 no. 1 (Feb 1985)." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10756/277605.
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