Journal articles: 'Philosophical assumptions'

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Marica, Mircea Adrian. "Philosophical Assumptions of Psychotherapeutic Paradigms." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 180 (May 2015): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.133.

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Dalton, Thomas C. "Challenging philosophical assumptions about mind." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9, no. 8 (August 2005): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.05.005.

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Amir, Lydia B. "Three Questionable Assumptions of Philosophical Counseling." International Journal of Philosophical Practice 2, no. 1 (2004): 58–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijpp2004214.

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Philosophical practice or counseling has been described as a cluster of methods for treating everyday problems and predicaments through philosophical means. Notwithstanding the variety of methods, philosophical counselors seem to share the following tenets: 1. The counselee is autonomous; 2. Philosophical counseling differs from psychological counseling and 3. Philosophical counseling is effective in solving predicaments. A critical examination shows these to be problematic at both theoretical and practical levels. As I believe that philosophical practice is a valuable contribution both to philosophy and to psychology, though not devoid of potential dangers and misuses, I suggest that philosophical counselors reconsider the theoretical and empirical validity of their tenets. Using my experience as a philosophical counselor, I attempt in this paper to contribute to this task while introducing the reader to what are, in my opinion, the main problems in the field.

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Painter-Morland, Mollie. "Philosophical assumptions undermining responsible management education." Journal of Management Development 34, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-06-2014-0060.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to perform a philosophical interrogation of some assumptions that underpin management education. It offers an analysis of how these assumptions may influence the promotion the responsible management agenda within business schools. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a theoretical exploration based on a literature review and philosophical analysis. Findings – The ontological and epistemological assumptions that underpin management education pose barriers to responsible management education. A combination of ontological and epistemological assumptions privilege an instrumental approach based on simplistic utilitarian premises. These assumptions make it difficult to engage with the long term, relational and complex nature of the ethics and sustainability concerns that are central to responsible management education. Practical implications – Understanding the assumptions that underpin management education may assist in challenging the current paradigm and rethinking our approaches to responsible management. Originality/value – The paper pursues the tacit assumptions that may underpin empirical findings around the blockages experienced when schools pursue responsible management education. It takes the research into the current state of business school education further by exploring what informs and sustains its current functioning.

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Tobia, Kevin Patrick. "Philosophical Method and Intuitions as Assumptions." Metaphilosophy 46, no. 4-5 (October 2015): 575–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/meta.12157.

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Gregory, Frank H. "Mingers on the classification of philosophical assumptions." Journal of the Operational Research Society 54, no. 12 (December 2003): 1301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601642.

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Mingers, J. "Classifying philosophical assumptions: a reply to Ormerod." Journal of the Operational Research Society 56, no. 4 (April 2005): 465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601890.

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Garrick, John. "Doubting the philosophical assumptions of interpretive research." International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 12, no. 2 (April 1999): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095183999236222.

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Samper, José Luis. "Apuntes sobre los supuestos de la práctica filosófica." haser, no. 5 (2014): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/haser/2014.i5.01.

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Dowds, Barbara Noel, and Barbara B. Marcel. "Students' Philosophical Assumptions and Psychology in the Classroom." Journal of Nursing Education 37, no. 5 (May 1998): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-19980501-09.

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Sichel, Betty A. "Women's Moral Development in Search of Philosophical Assumptions∗." Journal of Moral Education 14, no. 3 (October 1985): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305724850140301.

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Harris, Garth E. "Sidney Levy: Challenging the Philosophical Assumptions of Marketing." Journal of Macromarketing 27, no. 1 (March 2007): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146706296707.

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Tremain, Shelley. "Biopower, Styles of Reasoning, and What's Still Missing from the Stem Cell Debates." Hypatia 25, no. 3 (2010): 577–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2010.01118.x.

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Until now, philosophical debate about human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research has largely been limited to its ethical dimensions and implications. Although the importance and urgency of these ethical debates should not be underestimated, the almost undivided attention that mainstream and feminist philosophers have paid to the ethical dimensions of hESC research suggests that the only philosophically interesting questions and concerns about it are by and large ethical in nature. My argument goes some distance to challenge the assumption that ethical considerations alone must be foregrounded in philosophical discussions about hESC research by introducing a critical stance on the epistemological and ontological assumptions that underlie and condition it. A central aim of the paper is to show how Foucault's insights into knowledge-power, taken in combination with Hacking's claims about styles of reasoning, can make these assumptions evident, as well as cast light on their potentially deleterious implications for disabled people. Arguing in this way also enables me to draw out constitutive effects of research on stem cells, that is, to indicate how the discursive practices surrounding research on stem cells, as well as the technology itself, contribute to the constitution of impairment.

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Bouffard, Marcel, William B. Strean, and Walter E. Davis. "Questioning Our Philosophical and Methodological Research Assumptions: Psychological Perspectives." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 15, no. 3 (July 1998): 250–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.15.3.250.

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Philosophical and methodological assumptions often made by researchers working at the behavioral level of analysis in adapted physical activity are reviewed. Particular attention is given to movement skill acquisition research guided by a cognitive science or information processing approach and an ecological task analysis approach. In the final section of this paper, emerging views are used to illustrate other assumptions often tacitly made by movement skill researchers. Alternative possibilities offered by recent perspectives are also presented.

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Mertens, Donna M. "Assumptions at the philosophical and programmatic levels in evaluation." Evaluation and Program Planning 59 (December 2016): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.05.010.

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Gericke, Jaco. "PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THEOLOGICAL WHY-QUESTIONS IN THE HEBREW BIBLE." Journal for Semitics 24, no. 1 (November 15, 2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/3436.

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This article provides an introductory overview of a selection of philosophical perspectives on theological why-questions in the Hebrew Bible. Why-questions put to Yhwh in all the various sections of the canon are clarified philosophically via ancient views on causation, the Principle of Sufficient Reason, and the philosophy of language. Comparative philosophy of religion is also utilized to argue that while most theological why-questions in the Hebrew Bible are asked in the context of suffering, assumptions related to the deity differ from those of modern philosophical theologies.

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Gizbert-Studnicki, Tomasz. "Nieostrość języka prawnego w świetle filozoficznych koncepcji nieostrości." Studia Iuridica, no. 83 (February 19, 2021): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-83.2.

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The purpose of the paper is to discuss the usefulness of application of various philosophical conceptions of vagueness to the problem of vagueness in law. Although it cannot be expected that any philosophical conception may solve the practical problems of interpretation and application of vague terms in legal texts, the philosophy of language may help lawyers to better understand their problems. The paper describes main philosophical conceptions of vagueness and in particular metaphysical, epistemic, semantic, and pragmatic theories. It is argued that the pragmatic conception of vagueness has the best explanatory force with respect to the problem of vagueness in law. The application of this conception, however, must be based on acceptance of internalistic theory of meaning and on the assumption that the purpose of legal interpretation is to reveal the intention of the legislator. Both assumptions are controversial.

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Horne, Michael, Angela Sowa, and David Isenman. "Philosophical assumptions in Freud, Jung and Bion: questions of causality." Journal of Analytical Psychology 45, no. 1 (January 2000): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1465-5922.00140.

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Allard, Emilie, Christine Genest, and Alain Legault. "Theoretical and philosophical assumptions behind the concept of anticipatory grief." International Journal of Palliative Nursing 26, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2020.26.2.56.

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Anticipatory grief is a concept commonly used by researchers and clinicians when talking about the experience before the death of a loved one. This article offers a critical perspective on the disciplinary, theoretical and philosophical foundations of three distinct and frequently used conceptualisations of anticipatory grief: Lindemann's, Rando's and one derived from sociology. Lindemann's perspective conceived anticipatory grief as an inevitable component of the grieving experience in the situation of impending death. Rando's perspective views anticipatory grief as a multidimensional experience that facilitates post-mortem mourning. The third perspective, offered by sociologists, defines anticipatory grief as an experience highly influenced by the social context of the individual. This review explains how these different perspectives influence research and concludes with a reflection for potential future research.

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Koulaidis, Vasilios, and Jon Ogborn. "Science teachers’ philosophical assumptions: how well do we understand them?" International Journal of Science Education 17, no. 3 (May 1995): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0950069950170301.

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Mingers, J. "A classification of the philosophical assumptions of management science methods." Journal of the Operational Research Society 54, no. 6 (June 2003): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601436.

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Douglas, Brian. "Philosophical Assumptions Underlying Anglican Eucharistic Theology: A Study in Multiformity." Studia Liturgica 47, no. 2 (September 2017): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003932071704700203.

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Papastephanou, Marianna, and Mary Koutselini. "Reason, language and education: philosophical assumptions for new curricular orientations." Pedagogy, Culture & Society 14, no. 2 (July 2006): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14681360600738319.

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Pulka, Zbigniew. "Filozoficzne przesłanki pojmowania systemowości prawa w teorii wykładni Jerzego Wróblewskiego." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 104 (October 19, 2016): 219–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.104.14.

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THE ASSUMPTION OF SYSTEMIC NATURE OF LAW IN JERZY WRÓBLEWSKI’S THEORY OF INTERPRETATIONThat is to say that Jerzy Wróblewski’s theory of interpretation assumes philosophical attitude consisting in acceptance of Marxist philosophy. Consequently, Jerzy Wróblewski’s theory of interpretation may be counted as theory of interpretation of “people’s law”. The author tends to point out that the notion of “people’s law” is a philosophical category, i. e. the main traits of “peoples law” are defined on the level of Marxist philosophy. Consequently, all propositions of Jerzy Wróblewski’s theory of interpretation are propositions which presuppose existence of such conceived “people’s law”. In the article, the author strives to point out that philosophical assumptions of Marxist philosophy determine Jerzy Wróblewski’s way of conceiving the systemic character of law.

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Brown, Freddy Jackson, Annabelle Finch, and Duncan Gillard. "The philosophical choices of clinical psychology." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 316 (April 2019): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2019.1.316.10.

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Philosophy, and philosophy of science in particular, are often overlooked subjects in clinical psychology. This paper examines Stephen Pepper’s framework for philosophical assumptions and applies them to clinical practice. The importance of functional contextualism is elaborated on.

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WEDGWOOD, DANIEL. "Shared assumptions: Semantic minimalism and Relevance Theory." Journal of Linguistics 43, no. 3 (October 22, 2007): 647–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226707004793.

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Cappelen & Lepore (2005, 2006a, 2007) note that linguistic communication requires ‘shared content’ and claim that Relevance Theory makes content sharing impossible. This criticism rests upon two important errors. The first is a flawed understanding of Relevance Theory, shown in the application of an omniscient third party perspective to parts of Relevance Theory that depend only upon subjective judgements made by the addressee of an utterance. The second is confusion about different definitions of content. Cappelen & Lepore's evidence actually involves the communication of what they term Speech Act content, which need not be perfectly ‘shared’ according to their own position. Looking beyond this flawed criticism, a general comparison of Relevance Theory with Cappelen & Lepore's semantic minimalism reveals significant parallels, pointing to a notable convergence of two distinct approaches – one cognitive-pragmatic, the other philosophical-semantic – on the rejection of currently dominant assumptions in linguistic semantics. The key remaining difference is Cappelen & Lepore's claim that shared content is propositional. This contradicts other claims made for such content and in any case plays no active role in the explanation of communication. Cappelen & Lepore's position thus poses no threat to Relevance Theory; rather, Relevance Theory can benefit from their philosophical analysis of the state of semantic theory.

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O’Hara, Denis. "Reconciling technical and practical knowledge in psychotherapy through Polanyi’s tacit knowing." Counselling Psychology Review 27, no. 1 (March 2012): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpr.2011.27.1.64.

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Content and FocusPsychotherapy is a field which is informed by several philosophical traditions especially positivism, contextualism, and more recently critical realism (Alvesson & Sköldberg, 2010; Pilgrim & Bentall, 1999). These separate paradigms are grounded in different ontologies and epistemologies and as a result adherents rely on different assumptions about the nature of knowledge. While these various philosophical traditions have enriched psychotherapy theory and practice, they have also produced conflict over which knowledge paradigm best represents the field. This paper examines the ontological and epistemological foundations of the debate and seeks to provide a pathway towards integration. To highlight the different philosophical assumptions the division between traditional research-based knowledge and practice-based knowledge will be explored. The philosophical scheme of noted scientist and philosopher Michael Polanyi will be promoted as the grounds for re-orienting and unifying our philosophical foundations.

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Skorupka, Alfred. "Selected philosophical aspects of Gestalt psychotherapy." Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy 1, no. 38 (March 31, 2021): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8394.

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This paper presents major assumptions of Gestalt psychotherapy and compares them with Zen buddhism and recentivism. The author analyses similarities and differences between this particular psychological theory and philosophy. The conclusion of this paper is that philosophy and psychology should benefit from their individual achievements, but not in order to develop eclectic theories.

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Oppong, Seth. "On Simpson’s paradox: To remain or not to remain a population-based science." Theory & Psychology 31, no. 3 (June 2021): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09593543211011525.

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In this article, I critically reflect on J. F. Arocha’s (2021) contention that psychologists need to use methods and tools that are suitable for data analysis at the individual level. First, I discuss the beleaguered nature of the philosophical underpinnings of the standard practices in psychological research. Of the five assumptions he presented, the aggregate assumption results in Simpson’s paradox, a form of ecological fallacy. While the other assumptions need urgent attention, the proposals Arocha makes for addressing the aggregate assumption are still unsettled in many ways. I show that while perceptual control theory informed by the Aristotelian concept of final cause or telos allows for embracing variability as a psychological fact of human behaviour, one cannot say the same for his recommendation for the use of observation-oriented modelling (OOM) to address the aggregate assumption or to circumvent Simpson’s paradox.

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Roy, Sister Callista. "An Explication of the Philosophical Assumptions of the Roy Adaptation Model." Nursing Science Quarterly 1, no. 1 (February 1988): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089431848800100108.

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Mesel, Terje. "The necessary distinction between methodology and philosophical assumptions in healthcare research." Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 27, no. 3 (August 30, 2012): 750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2012.01070.x.

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Dean, Ruth G., and Barbara L. Fenby. "Exploring Epistemologies: Social Work Action as a Reflection of Philosophical Assumptions." Journal of Social Work Education 25, no. 1 (January 1989): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10437797.1989.10671269.

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Ángel Lara, Marco A. "Aphorisms and Philosophy : Contextualizing Aphoristic Texts-Assumptions about Subject-Matter." Journal of English Studies 9 (May 29, 2011): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.158.

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This article analyses two current beliefs about the subject matter and the text-context relation of aphorisms. It is a commonly claimed that aphorisms are philosophical texts and that aphorisms are texts that function in isolation from any context. My hypothesis is that, instead of being descriptions of textual features, these beliefs act as conventions that prepare the field of reference for contextualizing texts and thus trigger a proper generic reading for certain kinds of aphoristic text. By helping to demystify some of the technical means of aphoristic writing (whose results are frequently described as concentrated or distilled wisdom), this hypothesis will highlight the importance of allusiveness for the current mainstream of aphorisms,. From the perspective of this article, aphorisms appear more as certain kinds of textual parasites, feeding off ‘contextual wisdom’, rather than being philosophical pills from the “wisdom of the ages”.

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Nugrahanti, Yeterina Widi. "REFLECTION OF PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING RESEARCH." JOURNAL OF AUDITING, FINANCE, AND FORENSIC ACCOUNTING 6, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/jaffa.v6i1.4328.

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Current financial accounting research has paid little attention to the philosophical aspects that underlie the research, Hence, the existing results provide a little contribution towards the development of accounting theory and concepts. This article aims to describe the philosophical basis in financial accounting research, which consists of ontology, epistemology and axiology. The ontology and epistemology assumptions determine research paradigm, which are functionalist, interpretive and critical (radical humanist and radical structuralist). The ontology and epistemology assumptions also define the research methodology. This article outlines the taxonomy of financial accounting research formulated by Hopper and Powel (1985) and Laughlin (1995) which can be used as a guide in conducting financial accounting research. Understanding of philosophical aspects will result in high quality financial accounting research.

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Sattler, Barbara M. "VI—Paradoxes as Philosophical Method and Their Zenonian Origins." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 121, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 153–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arisoc/aoab003.

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Abstract In this paper I show that one of the most fruitful ways of employing paradoxes has been as a philosophical method that forces us to reconsider basic assumptions. After a brief discussion of recent understandings of the notion of paradoxes, I show that Zeno of Elea was the inventor of paradoxes in this sense, against the background of Heraclitus’ and Parmenides’ way of argumentation: in contrast to Heraclitus, Zeno’s paradoxes do not ask us to embrace a paradoxical reality; and in contrast to Parmenides, Zeno shows common assumptions to be internally problematic, not just in light of Eleatic positions.

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Soin, Maciej. "Philosophical difficulties of stakeholder theory." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 21, no. 7 (April 2, 2018): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.21.7.05.

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Philosophical difficulties of stakeholder theory—which plays an important role in CSR and business ethics—are mainly connected to the questions of its status and justification. What sense does stakeholder theory have: descriptive, instrumental or normative? And if normative, why then should executives worry about multiple stakeholder demands? It is well known that Freeman, one of the most important authors of stakeholder theory, deliberately disregarded these problems. In philosophical questions, he invoked Rorty’s pragmatism that in his opinion effectively undermined the “positivistic” dichotomy between facts and values, science and ethics, and enabled stakeholder theory to be understood as both descriptive and normative. The article presents some difficulties connected with this view, focusing on its dubious assumptions and unfavourable consequences. These assumptions contain a false dilemma, taken from Rorty, which states that knowledge follows either a rule of representation or a rule of solidarity. One of the unfavourable consequences is the conclusion that stakeholder theory may be true only if its followers are able to force the stakeholders to accept its truthfulness. The main thesis of the article says that, because of pragmatic justification, stakeholder theory became a sort of arbitrary narration, which is unable to deal with its (empirical) misuses. However, a more traditional view on facts and values enables us to appreciate the descriptive advantages of the theory and to identify difficulties connected with its normative layer. From this point of view, the attempt at a pragmatic interpretation of stakeholder theory was a misunderstanding that should be withdrawn from circulation.

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Cañadas, Alejandro. "The rationality in Economics: current metaphysical, epistemological, and anthropological philosophical assumptions regarding mind and body." Relectiones, no. 6 (December 19, 2019): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32466/eufv-rel.2019.6.589.83-90.

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Cox, Brian D. "Students’ Basic Philosophical Assumptions in History of Psychology: A Measure and Teaching Tool." Teaching of Psychology 24, no. 1 (February 1997): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009862839702400110.

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Many psychology students initially have difficulty with the philosophical character of the typical history of psychology course. One way to introduce students to psychology's philosophical roots is to survey their assumptions on the nature of mind, emotion, and behavior. This article describes and gives examples of a 50-item Likert-scale questionnaire concerning the positions of many philosophers, biologists, and psychologists that are typically covered in the class. This article also presents data from three history of psychology classes and suggestions for using the measure as a teaching tool.

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Proietti, Pamela W. "Maritain on Human Dignity and Human Rights." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 21, no. 1 (2009): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2009211/26.

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December 2008 marked the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, arguably the single most important and influential document endorsed by the United Nations. Jacques Maritain was a primary author of the religious liberty clauses ofthe 1948 Declaration, and the most prominent Christian philosopher ofthe twentieth century. Maritain developed a radical critique of prevailing Westem political and social thought. A persuasive critic of secular humanism and legal positivism, Maritain sought a cultural renewal of Christian Europe by means of rediscovering an integral Christian humanism. This essay explores the central ideas in Maritain's philosophical defense of universal human rights. Maritain placed the philosophical foundation of human rights in natural law, and assumed the existence of a "natural spirituality of intelligence" grasped by a connatural, pre-philosophic intuition. Yet Pope Benedict XVI challenges the central philosophical assumptions at the foundation of Maritain's defense of human rights.

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BOYD, GREGORY A. "Two ancient (and modern) motivations for ascribing exhaustively definite foreknowledge to God: a historic overview and critical assessment." Religious Studies 46, no. 1 (November 3, 2009): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412509990163.

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AbstractThe traditional Christian view that God foreknows the future exclusively in terms of what will and will not come to pass is partially rooted in two ancient Hellenistic philosophical assumptions. Hellenistic philosophers universally assumed that propositions asserting ‘x will occur’ contradict propositions asserting ‘x will not occur’ and generally assumed that the gods lose significant providential advantage if they know the future partly as a domain of possibilities rather than exclusively in terms of what will and will not occur. Both assumptions continue to influence people in the direction of the traditional understanding of God's knowledge of the future. In this essay I argue that the first assumption is unnecessary and the second largely misguided.

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Kusier, Amalie Oxholm, and Anna Paldam Folker. "The Well-Being Index WHO-5: hedonistic foundation and practical limitations." Medical Humanities 46, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011636.

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Research and policymaking on positive mental health and well-being have increased within the last decade, partly fueled by decreasing levels of well-being in the general population and among at-risk groups. However, measurement of well-being often takes place in the absence of reflection on the underlying theoretical conceptualisation of well-being. This disguises the fact that different rating scales of well-being often measure very different phenomena because rating scales are based on different philosophical assumptions, which represent radically different foundational views about the nature of well-being. The aim of this paper is to examine the philosophical foundation of the Well-Being Index WHO-5 in order to clarify the underlying normative commitments and the psychometric compromises involved in the translation of philosophical theory into practice. WHO-5 has been introduced as a rating scale that measures the affective and hedonistic dimensions of well-being. It is widely used within public health and mental health research. This paper introduces the philosophical theory of Hedonism and explores how two central assumptions that relate to hedonistic theory are reflected in the construction of WHO-5. The first concerns ‘the hedonic balance’, that is the relation between positive and negative emotions. The second assumption concerns ‘the value of emotions’, that is, how to determine the duration and intensity of emotions. At the end, Hedonism is contrasted with Life Satisfaction Theory, an alternative foundational theory of well-being, in order to clarify that the outlook of WHO-5 is more a rating system of positive affect than a cognitive judgement of overall life satisfaction. We conclude that it is important to examine the philosophical foundation of rating scales of well-being, such as WHO-5, in order to be fully able to assess the magnitude as well as the limits of their results.

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Czerniak, Stanisław. "The Consistence of the Assumptions of the Sociology of Knowledge with those of Philosophical Anthropology (On the Example of Max Scheler)." Dialogue and Universalism 31, no. 9999 (2021): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du202131supplement39.

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In this article I ask about the theoretical-methodological consistence between research sub-disciplines, which their creators see as discourses or paradigms that correspond on a general philosophical level. I will base this analysis on the historical-philosophical examples of certain sociology of knowledge and philosophical anthropology conceptions developed by Max Scheler as part of a broader philosophical theory. Scheler’s intention, which he often articulated in his writings, was to show philosophical anthropology in its role as the categorial foundation of the sociology of knowledge, a reservoir of the philosophical assumptions that underlie sociocognitive theories. The interpretative hypothesis in this article is that a) some parts of Scheler’s sociology of knowledge (the so-called class idol conception) would be very difficult to see as "grounded" in the conceptual model of philosophical anthropology he proposed, and b) that there exists an anthropological standpoint that differs from Scheler’s—Helmuth Plessner’s—and is more logically coherent with the "class idol" idea.

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Campbell, Anthony. "Hidden Assumptions and the Placebo Effect." Acupuncture in Medicine 27, no. 2 (June 2009): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.2009.000711.

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Whether, or how far, acupuncture effects can be explained as due to the placebo response is clearly an important issue, but there is an underlying philosophical assumption implicit in much of the debate, which is often ignored. Much of the argument is cast in terms which suggest that there is an immaterial mind hovering above the brain and giving rise to spurious effects. This model derives from Cartesian dualism which would probably be rejected by nearly all those involved, but it is characteristic of “folk psychology” and seems to have an unconscious influence on much of the terminology that is used. The majority of philosophers today reject dualism and this is also the dominant trend in science. Placebo effects, on this view, must be brain effects. It is important for modern acupuncture practitioners to keep this in mind when reading research on the placebo question.

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Cohen, Elliot D. "The Metaphysics of Logic-Based Therapy." International Journal of Philosophical Practice 3, no. 1 (2005): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijpp2005312.

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This article examines four key metaphysical assumptions of LBT regarding human emotions, human fallibility, reality, and human freedom. By way of examining these assumptions it shows how the theory of LBT systematically integrates philosophy and logic into a cognitive-behavioral approach to philosophical practice.

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Doronina, Svetlana. "Studying the phenomenon of childhood philosophically: problems and prospects." Socium i vlast 1 (2021): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1996-0522-2021-1-127-137.

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Introduction. The author analyzes the problems and prospects of studying the phenomenon of childhood, justifies the specific features and advantages of philosophical approaches, makes an attempt to explicate the optimal methods and strategies of scientific inquiry, correlating with epistemological, ontological, axiological goals and assumptions of the modern paradigm, within which this phenomenon is problematized and reflexively comprehended. The purpose of the work is to identify the specific features of studying the phenomenon of childhood in the context of the philosophical approach. Methods. The author makes use of general scientific research methods such as analysis and synthesis, serving as philosophical tools. Theoretical reconstruction and comparative analysis, as well as the hermeneutic method of reading texts were used to reveal the peculiarities of studying the phenomenon of childhood, its problems and prospects. Scientific novelty of the study. The study highlights the specific features of studying the phenomenon of childhood; the advantages of philosophical methods and approaches focused on understanding and describing the object under study, creating an integrative idea about it; the author determines development prospects associated with eliminating asymmetric methods of interaction in scientific discourse, and forming interdisciplinary ties. Results. During the research, the author identifies the current problems of studying the phenomenon of childhood philosophically, as well as the prospects for their solution related to the need to form an integrative idea of childhood in the context of interdisciplinary synthesis, using philosophical methods and approaches which make it possible to integrate children’s experience into research discourse, without going beyond the framework of scientific strategies. Conclusions. The philosophical study of the phenomenon of childhood covers a wide range of problems, the solution of which involves searching for answers related, first, to the epistemological and methodological aspects of learning childhood experience; secondly, with ontological, existential and axiological contexts of research. Strategies of philosophical research are aimed at systemic learning the phenomenon of childhood, at tracing the relations between methods, epistemological, ontological, axiological and other assumptions on which cognition is based, and the formation of conceptual ideas about childhood, participating in the constitution of the “adult – child” relations, educational practices in society and culture.

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HAUSKELLER, MICHAEL. "MY BRAIN, MY MIND, AND I: SOME PHILOSOPHICAL ASSUMPTIONS OF MIND-UPLOADING." International Journal of Machine Consciousness 04, no. 01 (June 2012): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793843012400100.

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Hamdani, Fitrah. "Paradigm of Legal Thought: Legal Prophetic Perspective." Journal of Transcendental Law 2, no. 1 (August 11, 2020): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jtl.v2i1.11328.

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Objective: This article aims to discuss ‘criticism of legal prophetic paradigm against legal positivism paradigmMethodology: This research conducted a normative method used by legal positivists. This research is based on a philosophical approach as it is intended to explore the basic assumptions of the legal prophetic paradigm on the lack of the basic assumptions of the legal positivism paradigm.Findings: This paper will discuss the 'criticism of legal prophetic paradigm against legal positivism paradigm' using a philosophical approach as it is intended to explore the basic assumptions of the epistemology basis of the school of thought in legal science through comparison between the school of thoughts in legal science. The legal prophetic paradigm places moral as the main basis as its basic assumption. The verses of Allah and the Hadith of the Prophet regarding justice are the ontological basis of the Paradigm.Application of the Study: The object of legal science is human relations contained within (governed by) legal norms. Law science attempts to understand its object in a "legal" manner, which is from the legal perspective. Understanding something legally means understanding it as law, that is, as legal norms or as the content of legal norms or understanding something as determined by legal norms.Novelty/Originality: The prophetic paradigm can be approached through a Religion Science-based approach. The importance of this approach/religion science in understanding phenomenological law is none other but the occurrence of void or the broken links due to legal positivism thinking that is unable to play a functional role in presenting comprehensive legal justice. Keywords: Legal Positivism Paradigm, Legal Prophetic Paradigm, Basic Assumptions

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Duberley, Joanne. "The future of qualitative research: unity, fragmentation or pluralism?" Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal 10, no. 4 (December 7, 2015): 340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrom-07-2015-1299.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue that in order to maintain the legitimacy of qualitative management research it is important to re-emphasise the link between epistemology and methodology and recognise that different knowledge-constituting assumptions can underpin what might on the surface seem to be very similar methodologies. This means that the ways in which any research is evaluated needs to be tied explicitly to the underlying philosophical assumptions at play and those involved in undertaking, judging and publishing research need to show increased awareness in the philosophical assumptions which underpin their judgements of research quality and a willingness to accept difference. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a discussion piece. Findings – This is a discussion piece. Originality/value – The paper aims to contribute to the debate concerning the future of qualitative methods in management research.

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Zimmermann, Rainer E. "Philosophical Aspects of Astrobiology Revisited." Philosophies 6, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies6030055.

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Given the idea that Life as we know it is nothing but a special form of a generically underlying dynamical structure within the physical Universe, we try to introduce a concept of Life that is not only derived from first principles of fundamental physics, but also metaphysically based on philosophical assumptions about the foundations of the world. After clarifying the terminology somewhat, especially with a view to differentiating reality from modality, we give an example for a mathematical representation of what the substance of reality (in the traditional sense of metaphysics) could actually mean today, discussing twistor theory as an example. We then concentrate on the points of structural emergence by discussing the emergence of dynamical systems and of Life as we know it, respectively. Some further consequences as they relate to meaning are discussed in the end.

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Mislavskaya, N. "International Financial Reporting Standards: Going Concern Assumption." Auditor 6, no. 8 (September 7, 2020): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0701-2020-60-65.

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The article analyzes the philosophical foundations of scientific accounting knowledge - assumptions about the continuity of the organization. The relevance, the need for a critical assessment of the modern accounting paradigm in the formation of the information society, in the formation of which a certain role is assigned to accounting and accounting (financial) reporting, is substantiated and proved. The author is convinced of the need to reform the accounting system, taking into account national interests. It is proposed to begin this process by clarifying the underlying accounting assumption.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Philosophical assumptions'

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