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Journal articles on the topic 'Philosophers – English'

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Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Gellera, Giovanni. "English Philosophers and Scottish Academic Philosophy (1660–1700)." Journal of Scottish Philosophy 15, no. 2 (June 2017): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jsp.2017.0165.

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This paper investigates the little-known reception of Thomas Hobbes, Henry More, Francis Bacon, Robert Boyle, Isaac Newton, and John Locke in the Scottish universities in the period 1660–1700.The fortune of the English philosophers in the Scottish universities rested on whether their philosophies were consonant with the Scots’ own philosophical agenda. Within the established Cartesian curriculum, the Scottish regents eagerly taught what they thought best in English philosophy (natural philosophy and experimentalism) and criticised what they thought wrong (materialism, contractualism, anti-innatism).The paper also suggests new sources and perspectives for the broader discussion of the ‘origins’ of the Scottish Enlightenment.

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2

Satlow, Michael L. "Theophrastus’s Jewish Philosophers." Journal of Jewish Studies 59, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/2771/jjs-2008.

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3

Alvis, John. "The Philosopher's Literary Critic." Review of Politics 78, no. 4 (2016): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670516000620.

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Leon Craig's five books are interrelated by a common approach: Craig writes of philosophic matters juxtaposing them with literary works, or one may reverse the order—whichever way, the exegesis proceeds in tandem. Moreover, he has intertwined the books in a sequential development. One can perceive Craig discovered his fountainhead in Plato. His first book, in 1993, The War Lover: A Study of Plato's “Republic,” has left its genetic pattern upon the next four, Of Philosophers and Kings: Political Philosophy in Shakespeare's “Macbeth” and “King Lear” (2001), The Platonian Leviathan (2010), Philosophy and the Puzzles of “Hamlet” (2014), and his latest, The Philosopher's English King: Shakespeare's “Henriad” as Political Philosophy (2015). In this latest effort, Shakespeare is the philosopher and Henry V the best of Shakespeare's English kings. But you will not appreciate the extent and intricacy of Craig's web unless you recognize that Plato's thought, especially as that thought has been conveyed in The Republic, runs through every filament. To be precise, taking such themes of that dialogue as Socrates's notion of a tripartite human soul, his taxonomy of defective regimes, his all but best regime of “Guardians,” and Socrates's ultimately best constitution, rule by a philosopher become king or king become philosopher, or only somewhat less improbably, a king become an understanding student of a counselor philosopher. Then, best self-government within the individual soul is likewise worked out in The Republic as Craig reads it. To my mind he has read Plato aright.

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4

Krelenko, Natalia S. "English Rationalist Philosophers about the Phenomenon of Miracle." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: History. International Relations 20, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2020-20-4-559-561.

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The review deals with the analysis of the monograph devoted to the influence of Christian understanding of the phenomenon of miracle on the views of English seventeenth-century philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. The reviewer’s attention is focused on the way the author of the monograph describes the spiritual atmosphere in which the world view of these thinkers developed, as well as on the historiographical interpretations of their theories.

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5

Gómez-Jeria, Juan Sebastián. "Political Philosophers in Germany, 1943." Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy 7, no. 12 (December 18, 2023): 555–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2023.v07i12.004.

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Here we present the first English translation of Chapter IV of section 3 of the book ‘Contemporary German Philosophy’ (‘Die deutsche Philosophie der Gegenwart’) written by Dr. Gerhard Lehmann, University of Berlin. This part, entitled ‘Political Philosophy’, summarizes the philosophical work of Alfred Rosenberg, Ernst Krieck, Alfred Baeumler and Hans Heyse. The authentic practitioners of the love of wisdom will find here very interesting and fascinating ideas to study and exploit (for example, the ‘region’ model of reality).

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6

Santos, Gildenir Carolino. "Editorial English." ETD - Educação Temática Digital 11 (March 6, 2012): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/etd.v11iesp..894.

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With great satisfaction, we are opening 2010 year with this special issue, "Psychoanalysis and Philosophy: possible dialog?” with 15 studies: five articles, nine dossier texts and one experience report. Here we are addressing the representativity of two areas of the knowledge field: psychoanalysis and philosophy. In the dialogues outlined in this special issue, several authors have brought their contributions from different places and countries: Uruguay, Brazil and England. With this, we could devise an opening cover for the journal representing psychoanalysts and philosophers of the involved areas, discussed in several papers in this number: Jacques Lacan, Sigmund Freud, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Friedrich Niestche, as a link among these authors in this puzzle.

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7

Gregor, Mary. "Leslie Mulholland on Kant's Rechtslehre." Dialogue 33, no. 4 (1994): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300010775.

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Although legal positivism is still a position to be reckoned with, the fact that philosophers of law are again talking about “natural rights” indicates that positivism is no longer to be taken for granted. One result of this movement is an incipient interest, among English-speaking philosophers, in Kant's theory of rights as presented in The Doctrine of Right, Part I of The Metaphysics of Morals. For the past two decades German Kant scholars have been analyzing and commenting on The Doctrine of Right; but Mulholland's book is, to the best of my knowledge, the first systematic treatment of the theory in English. It is, on the whole, a helpful introduction to the subject, which should be of interest not only to Kant scholars but also to contemporary legal, political and social philosophers.

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8

Cragg, Wesley. "Two Concepts of Community or Moral Theory and Canadian Culture." Dialogue 25, no. 1 (1986): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300042852.

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One of the striking characteristics of contemporary moral philosophy is the speed with which philosophers in the English-speaking world have jettisoned their reluctance to address concrete ethical problems and dilemmas and have plunged into the field of applied ethics. No less interesting is the impact that the work of some of the more noted of them has had outside of strictly philosophical circles. One need only to mention John Rawls or H. L. A. Hart to make the point. It is no longer difficult to prove that these same trends are deeply entrenched amongst Canadian philosophers. A further parallel is suggested by the fact that a Canadian philosopher, George Grant, has also had a substantial impact on recent Canadian thought. The appearance of a parallel, however, is illusory. For while applied ethics certainly has its practitioners in Canada today, and while it is widely recognized that both American and British philosophers have had a substantial and philosophically respectable impact on their respective societies, there seems widespread resistance to the idea that philosophical reflection has a role to play in the development of a distinctive understanding of Canadian society. And there is widespread scepticism in professional philosophical circles in Canada that the work of George Grant is of genuine philosophical interest, whatever his popular reputation.

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9

Zamora Bonilla, Javier. "Álvaro Flórez Estrada: de la Ilustración a la Democracia." Estudios humanísticos. Geografía, historia y arte, no. 19 (February 9, 2021): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/ehgha.v0i19.6756.

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<span>The constitutional Spanish tradition has, in their beginnings, common aspects with the modern revolutions: English, American and French. The Spanish philosophers and, also, the politicians received the influence of the European philosophers and English. Alvaro Flórez Estrada knew the thought of the most important thinkers of the XVIII Century and beginnings of the XIX Century, it is possible to highlight the special influence of Rousseau, that showed, mainly, in the project of constitution which is written in 1809, in orden to discuss in the Courts (Parlament) of Cádiz, as this work seeks to show.</span>

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Hurtado, Guillermo. "Analytic Philosophy in Vernacular Language." Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 45, no. 133 (December 11, 2013): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2013.729.

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11

Trofimova, Tatiana N. "The “Women’s Question” in the Biographies of Scientists and Philosophers by E. F. Litvinova (1890s)." Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki 43, no. 4 (2022): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020596060022966-4.

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In the 1890s, Elizaveta Fedorovna Litvinova (1845–1919), a mathematician, philosopher, educator and writer, published ten biographical essays on prominent scientists and philosophers, including the first Russian biography of a renowned mathematician S. V. Kovalevskaya (also spelled Kovalevsky). This article gives particular attention to the “zhenskii vopros” (women’s question), as reflected in these biographies of the scientists and philosophers. Apart from the biography of Kovalevskaya, the women’s issue is considered in the biographies of F. Bacon, J. Locke, J. le Rond d’Alembert, J.-A.-N. de Condorcet, P.-S. Laplace, and L. Euler, as well as in the book “Rulers and Thinkers”. The biography of Kovalevskaya describes the difficulties encountered by the woman mathematician in her professional self-realization. In the biography of Bacon, Litvinova writes about his mother and her four sisters being learned as well as the women of the English royal family. In John Locke’s biography, a chapter is devoted to the philosopher’s friend Lady Damaris Masham, her upbringing and education, and the women’s position in society in the late 17th-century England is criticized. In d’Alembert’s biography, special attention is given to his discussion with Jean-Jacques Rousseau about women’s education. In her book about Laplace, Litvinova writes about the scientist’s spouse and her role in the preservation of his scientific heritage. In Euler’s biography, Litvinova reviews his “Letters to a German Princess”, written in a form of lessons in mathematics, physics, and philosophy, intended for an educated woman. Finally, in her biography of de Condorcet the author refers to him as the most committed and strenuous advocate of women’s rights, who promoted the women’s right to education and active involvement in the life of society.

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Sadullaev, Denis Bakhtiyorovich. "GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPTUAL APPARATUS OF THE WORKS OF THE ENGLISH PHILOSOPHY’S CLASSICS IN THE RENAISSANCE." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 03, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-03-05-19.

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The given research is aimed to study and clarify the common characteristic features of the conceptual mechanism, elaborated by the creativity of English philosophers, that lived in the Renaissance period. The English philosophers of the period, criticizing the reality of their time, developed their concepts precisely in this connection, substantiating either the validity of their criticism, or their social ideal, or some other issues. Another feature of the philosophical works of the period is the great attention of thinkers to the problems of the simplest certainties, their desire to ensure that in solitude, in the silence of an office that allows only scholarly correspondence, to meticulously investigate the question of the fundamental foundations of knowledge

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13

Roth, Pinchas. "Asking questions: rabbis and philosophers in medieval Provence." Journal of Jewish Studies 67, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/3255/jjs-2016.

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14

Hackett, Jeremiah M. "Adelard of Bath and Roger Bacon: early English natural philosophers and scientists." Endeavour 26, no. 2 (June 2002): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-9327(02)01417-5.

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15

Krelenko, Natalia S. "English enlighteners about the problems of the growth of crime during the period of commercialization of society." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: History. International Relations 21, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2021-21-2-277-279.

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The review is devoted to the analysis of the monograph, which examines the responses of English philosophers, writers, lawyers, and public figures to the spread of crime in the English society of the 18th century. The reviewer’s attention is focused on how the authors of the monograph characterized the change in the approaches of their contemporaries to solving this social problem for a century.

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16

Owens, David. "Knowing Your Own Mind." Dialogue 42, no. 4 (2003): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300005758.

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What is it to “know your own mind”? In ordinary English, this phrase connotes clear-headed decisiveness and a firm resolve, but in the language of contemporary philosophy, the indecisive and the susceptible can know their own minds just as well as anybody else. In the philosopher's usage, “knowing your own mind” is just a matter of being able to produce a knowledgeable description of your mental state, whether it be a state of indecision, susceptibility, or even confusion. What exercises philosophers is the fact that people seem to produce these descriptions of their own mental lives without any pretence of considering evidence or reasons of any kind, and yet these descriptions are treated by the rest of us as authoritative, at least in a wide range of cases. How can this be?

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17

Sari, Nastiti Ardita, Januarius Mujiyanto, and Zulfa Sakhiya. "The Realization of Presuppositions in Harry Potter Philosopher’s Stone." English Education Journal 13, no. 3 (October 15, 2023): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/eej.v13i3.72696.

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This study aimeld at investigating the realization of presupposition in Harry Potter philosopher’s stone and the implication of presupposition on the teaching of English as a foreign language in Indonesia. Thel design of this study focused on pragmatic analysis, and this study employed a qualitative approach. This relselarch useld script and movie of Harry Potter philosophers stone as thel sourcel of thel data. The researcher used an instrument based on the theory proposed by Yule’s (1996). The categories are existential presupposition, structural presupposition, counter factual presupposition, factive presupposition, non-factive presupposition, and lexical presupposition. The finding of this research shows that five among the six types of presupposition were found in the movie. The whole data of the types of presupposition are 58 data, 19 are Existential Presupposition, 14 are Structural Presupposition, 13 are Factive Presupposition, 11 are Counter Factual Presupposition, 1 is Non-Factive Presupposition, and the last 0 Lexical Presupposition found in Harry Potter philosopher’s stone movie. And all the types of presupposition implied on teaching English as a foreign language through various manners. Presupposition is the important thing, thus the writer suggests the readers of this research, the listeners of a speech, the politician and the next researcher that understanding the presupposition and its types will reduce the misunderstanding in a communication and give more information than just stated.

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18

Pearce, Sarah. "Jewish Women Philosophers of First-Century Alexandria: Philo's Therapeutae Reconsidered." Journal of Jewish Studies 57, no. 1 (April 1, 2006): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/2659/jjs-2006.

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19

Erlenbusch, Verena. "Being a Foreigner in Philosophy: A Taxonomy." Hypatia 33, no. 2 (2018): 307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12377.

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The question of diversity, both with regard to the demographic profile of philosophers as well as the content of philosophical inquiry, has received much attention in recent years. One figure that has gone relatively unnoticed is that of the foreigner. To the extent that philosophers have taken the foreigner as their object of inquiry, they have focused largely on challenges nonnative speakers of English face in a profession conducted predominantly in English. Yet an understanding of the foreigner in terms of the nonnative speaker does not exhaust the conceptual space of the foreigner. This article provides a more nuanced conceptual apparatus that allows for a more precise identification and discussion of other ways in which one can be a foreigner in philosophy. I develop a taxonomy of different conceptions of the foreigner, namely the linguistic, material, cultural, and epistemic foreigner; I discuss the different and specific challenges they face; and I show how foreigners enrich philosophical practice.

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20

Ridwan, Rahmad, Abdul Juki Rifandi, and Sri Murniati Damanik. "Teori Evolusi Charles Darwin Perspektif Al-Qur’an." Jurnal Penelitian Medan Agama 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.58836/jpma.v14i2.18423.

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<p>This paper will analyze the theory of human evolution that developed in the West and the theory of human evolution explained in the Qur'an with an interpretive approach. The method used in this writing is to use qualitative methods sourced from sharing books related to the above problems. The approach to the method of interpretation of the Qur'an uses thematic methods, because this method can examine contemporary problems. The theory of evolution began to be studied and debated in the 6th century BC, Diwali by the Greek philosophers Anaximander, Empedocles, Lucretius, the same opinion was also expressed by the Arab biologist Al Jahiz, the Persian philosopher Ibn Miskawaih, the Ikhwan As-Shafa, and the Chinese philosopher Zhuangzi. Furthermore, the theory of evolution was published by an English scientist named Charles Darwin, the results of his research on evolution, especially human evolution, explained that the theory of evolution was not created by God but stood alone. This opinion caused debate among scientists and religionists, especially Islam, rejected because it contradicted the Qur'an.</p>

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21

Emerson, Roger L. "Conjectural History and Scottish Philosophers." Historical Papers 19, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 63–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030918ar.

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Abstract "Conjectural history" is used here to "denote any rational or naturalistic account of the origins and development of institutions, beliefs or practices not based on documents or copies of documents or other artifacts contemporary (or thought to be contemporary) with the subjects studied." Many recent historians have focused on the apparent emergence within Scotland of a large number of sophisticated conjectural histories around ¡750, and analysed them within the framework of a Marxist-oriented social science. This paper argues that such a perspective is "inappropriate and misguided." If one looks at these works as an outcome of what went before, rather than a forerunner of what came after, they begin to lose their modernistic flavour. Conjectural histories of the Scottish Enlightenment were based essentially on four sources: the Bible and its commentaries, the classics, modern works of philosophy and travel accounts. Each had an influence on the works produced. The parallels between the Biblical and the secular conjectural histories are, for example, instructive and it is clear that no Scottish historian could consistently hold a doctrine of economic deter- minism or historical materialism and still reconcile this position with his Calvinist beliefs. Works such as Lucretius' On the Nature of Things had influenced the con- jectural histories of the Renaissance and continued to be used by the Scots just as they were by the English deists, whose speculations about historical development were also helpful to Scottish writers. Travel accounts provided information concerning mankind at various stages of civilization, but no explanation of the developmental process. While the study of history was a popular pursuit during the Scottish Enlightenment this inte rest followed trends on the continent and elsewhere. Furthermore, an examination of the great works of this period suggests that they were firmly based on the writings of scholars of a generation before. Certainly the leading writers of the "golden age" from roughly 1730 to 1790 gave a more sophisticated, detailed and elaborate treatment cf these ideas, but the sources, problems and concepts which they elucidated were not new. In their analyses, they did not employ historical materialism or economic determinism, though they were undoubtedly more political-economic, dynamic and secular in their attitude. They desired change for Scotland out of a patriotic regard for the comparative backwardness of their country, but the causes and cures for that condition were not fundamentally economic in nature. If these writings are examinedas a unit, and seen in context, the conjectural historians of the Scottish Enlightenment appear to be an understandable outcome of their intellectual milieu. The author supports this conclusion by a close examination of the work of Hume and Smith. This further explicates his theme that a nascent economic determinism was not the impetus for this writing that recent historians have read into these works.

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22

Pavel, Catalin. "On Eminescu’s philosophy of history: towards an English anthology of relevant texts." Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies 3, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v3i1.21360.

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The present paper aims to offer Anglophone researchers a selection of translated quotes from Mihai Eminescu’s non-literary oeuvre, relevant to the philosophy of history of the most complex Romanian author of the nineteenth century. It should thus become possible to reconsider Eminescu’s position within the concert of European philosophers of history. The fragments gathered here stem mainly from his activity as a cultural and political journalist, throughout which he voiced, albeit unsystematically, his views on history. Although he did not ultimately articulate an academic philosophy of history per se, these fragments, now available in English for the first time, may give valuable insights into Eminescu’s conception of history. Above all else, they meaningfully complement whatever can be gleaned from Eminescu’s already translated poetry or literary prose. Hopefully the fragments presented here will aid scholars in establishing more precisely what Eminescu’s views on history owe to Schopenhauer’s metaphysics and what to the proper philosophy of history he could find in Hegel. This is a double allegiance scholars have also recognized in Maiorescu’s work. By the same token, it would further be important to chart Eminescu’s ambivalence towards Hegel, an ambivalence also visible in the works of Romanian philosopher Vasile Conta. Finally, the fragments below may help to bring to the fore the complex interplay between Hegelian theodicy and Kantian teleology in Eminescu’s historical thought.

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23

Sayers, Sean. "Analytical Marxism and Morality." Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 15 (1989): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1989.10716793.

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Marxism has probably been the most influential philosophy of this century. Until recently, however, it was either ignored or dismissed without serious consideration by the great majority of English-speaking philosophers. If the situation is now changing, that is thanks in good measure to the development of analytical Marxism.

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Șimon, Simona. "An Overview of Speech Acts in English." Scientific Bulletin of the Politehnica University of Timişoara Transactions on Modern Languages 14 (March 20, 2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.59168/hron6522.

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Last century philosophers made a great step forward in understanding the way in which we use words in order to achieve something in the real world. They pointed to the fact that we perform speech acts when we speak. The production of speech acts is governed by some rules which help us understand the utterance meaning and decode the speaker meaning. Moreover, in a discourse, the speech acts are organized linearly in sequences of micro-speech acts, and hierarchically in macro-speech acts, which are associated with an entire piece of discourse. As the right choice of speech acts in advertisements contribute to the achievement of the advertiser’s goals, the present article selects its examples from various advertisements placed in some English magazines.

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25

Metz, Thaddeus. "Recent work on the meaning of “life’s meaning”: Should we change the philosophical discourse?" Human Affairs 29, no. 4 (October 25, 2019): 404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2019-0035.

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Abstract In this article I critically discuss English-speaking philosophical literature addressing the question of what it essentially means to speak of “life’s meaning”. Instead of considering what might in fact confer meaning on life, I make two claims about the more abstract, meta-ethical question of how to understand what by definition is involved in making that sort of enquiry. One of my claims is that over the past five years there has been a noticeable trend among philosophers to try to change our understanding of what talk of “life’s meaning” connotes. For example, whereas most philosophers for a long while had held that such talk is about a kind of value possible in the life of human beings, recently some have argued that certain non-human parts of nature can exhibit meaningfulness, which, furthermore, is not necessarily something valuable. The second claim I advance is that there is strong reason to reject this trend, and instead for philosophers to retain the long-standing approach.

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de Lange, Nicholas. "Teachers and Texts in the Ancient World: Philosophers, Jews and Christians." Journal of Jewish Studies 53, no. 1 (April 1, 2002): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/2405/jjs-2002.

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LU, Feng. "“孔顏之樂”、壽命與生命之道." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 12, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.121567.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Professor He Huaihong observes that the lives of famous Chinese philosophers in the 20th century were longer than those of their French counterparts and attributes this phenomenon to differences in these individuals’ ways of life and guiding philosophies. I broadly agree with Professor He. However, I make a different claim for the fundamental difference between Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy. According to Chinese philosophy, human beings’ supreme goal lies within human life, whereas that defined by Western philosophy isexternal to human life. According to modern definitions, humanity’s ultimate aim is to construct paradise on Earth through scientific and technological innovation and economic growth. The corollaries of this modern goal are that no single individual can ever be satisfied with her/his situation and that society as a whole can never be satisfied by the level of its economy. In short, modernity legitimizes global greed. As a result, many elites in modern society are greedy. However, greedy people cannot also be happy and unhappiness has been statistically linked with unhealthiness. Before the 20th century, most of China’s philosophers were absolutely virtuous and capable of remaining peaceful in any situations, and thus usually enjoyed long lives.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 81 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

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Mercier, Lucie. "Review: Barbara Cassin (ed.), Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon." Theory, Culture & Society 33, no. 7-8 (October 22, 2016): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276416669575.

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The Dictionary of Untranslables: A Philosophical Lexicon, a translation of Vocabulaire européen des philosophies (2004), is an invaluable resource for researchers in philosophy and the humanities more generally. Gathering together the work of over 150 philosophers, this encyclopaedic project focuses on a series of philosophical terms that prove difficult to translate, disclosing their historical and linguistic intricacies. This review aims to provide a succinct analysis of its structure and rationale. It is suggested that a gap exists between the framing of the Dictionary in relation to a critical European cultural politics and the kind of philosophy it performs – a highly erudite contribution to both the history of philosophy and to philology. It is further argued that this does not get simpler with the edition of this book into English and the potential ‘globalization’ of its scope.

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Karaeva, Z. K., and N. A. Shabdanaliev. "TRANSLATION OF STYLISTIC DEVICES FROM ENGLISH TO KYRGYZ LANGUAGE IN THE TRAGEDY OF W. SHAKESPEARE "RICHARD III"." Heralds of KSUCTA, №4, 2021, no. 4-2021 (December 27, 2021): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2021.4.615-618.

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The stylistics are based on the concepts of tropes and figures. Embellishments of speech have been considered and analyzed since antiquity. In this direction, the works of many orators, philosophers and stylists are known (Theophrastus, Aristotle, Demetrius, Cicero, Quintilian, etc.). In linguistics, stylistic devices are studied in detail, but it analyzes how stylistic devices were translated into the Kyrgyz language containing information about English culture and history, what which correspond to the Kyrgyz culture in the tragedy of the great English writer W. Shakespeare "Richard 3".

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Gusarova, Marina A. "On Development of Natural Law Concepts in the Age of Enlightenment (Views of T. Hobbes and J. Locke)." History of state and law 3 (March 23, 2023): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3805-2023-3-17-21.

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The article uses the views of outstanding English philosophers and politicians of the 17th century T. Hobbes and J. Locke as an example to show the process of development of the natural law approach as an independent concept of legal consciousness that has greatly influenced further establishment of the theory and philosophy of law.

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Roos, Anna Marie. "The Saline Chymistry of Color in Seventeenth-Century English Natural History." Early Science and Medicine 20, no. 4-6 (December 7, 2015): 562–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-02046p11.

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Before Newton’s seminal work on the spectrum, seventeenth-century English natural philosophers such as Robert Boyle, Robert Hooke, Nehemiah Grew and Robert Plot attributed the phenomenon of color in the natural world to salts and saline chymistry. They rejected Aristotelian ideas that color was related to the object’s hot and cold qualities, positing instead that saline principles governed color and color changes in flora, fauna and minerals. In our study, we also characterize to what extent chymistry was a basic analytical tool for seventeenth-century English natural historians.

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Hudcovičová, Marianna. "Cultural transfer of Europe’s common heritage of the English origin in phraseology." Nová filologická revue 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/nfr.2022.14.2.65-73.

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Europe’s common heritage (culture, history, traditions) has had a great impact on the languages sharing the same territory of the European continent. The influence of the mutual relationships between nations is predominantly visible in phraseology of each European language. The article deals with occurrence of certain multiword expressions, phraseologisms, e.g. collocations, idioms, idiomatic comparisons originated in common European source of the English origin, i.e. British and American phraseologisms, quotations of well-known British and American writers, philosophers, politicians, etc. The analysis focuses on the contrastive approach to the English and Slovak phraseology.

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STEINER, EMILY. "Piers Plowman, Diversity, and the Medieval Political Aesthetic." Representations 91, no. 1 (2005): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2005.91.1.1.

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ABSTRACT This essay argues that later medieval English poetry, and William Langland's Piers Plowman in particular, developed strains of political thought that originated with Continental legal scholars. More specifically, Langland, in concert with other fourteenth-century alliterative poets, helped shape political thought about diversity, an ““unfinished”” project of earlier Continental philosophers and jurists, through radical experiments in poetic form.

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Тарарак, О. В., and М. Ю. Тарарак. "ВИМОГИ ДО ВЧИТЕЛЯ В ЗАХІДНОЄВРОПЕЙСЬКІЙ ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ ДУМЦІ." Spiritual-intellectual upbringing and teaching of youth in the 21st century, no. 4 (2022): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142//2708-4809.siuty.2022.211.

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The article analyses the main requirements for teachers in Western European pedagogical theories. It was established that imposing of these requirements was brought about due to the works of famous philosophers of ancient times, the views of English, German and French teachers, the creation of UNESCO, the approval of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and some other factors

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John, Helen J. "Hildegard of Bingen: A New Twelfth-century Woman Philosopher?" Hypatia 7, no. 1 (1992): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1992.tb00701.x.

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Three recent publications—Barbara Newman, Sister of Wisdom: St. Hildegard's Theology of the Feminine; Hildegard of Bingen, Scivias, translated by Mother Columba Hart and Jane Bishop; and Sabina Flanagan, Hildegard of Bingen, 1098–1179: A Visionary Life—provide access in English to Hildegard's vast and complex intellectual achievement. Reviewing these works 1 suggest why Hildegard's thought has only begun to be studied by philosophers, why such study is important, and I propose ways to approach Hildegard's work.

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Dziurosz-Serafinowicz, Dominika. "Od natury słowa do słowa o naturze. Recenzja książki Bolesława Andrzejewskiego pt. Filozofia słowa. Zarys dziejów." Język. Religia. Tożsamość. 1, no. 23 (December 15, 2021): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6190.

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Herethis paper is review on monographical pulication „Filozofia słowa. Zarys dziejów” [The Philosophy of the Word. A Short History] by Bolesław Andrzejewski. The Polish philosopher’s book is one and only publication which dares to present and contrast concepts and theories on the word which appears in the history of Western Civilisation from the times of ancient Greek philosophers, through Christian thinkers and German romantics and representants of Enlightenment, ending with English and American pragmatists and positivists, not to omit prominent linguists like Ferdynand de Saussure, Noam Chomsky, Ernst Cassirer or Wilhelm von Humboldt. Original view of the author on philosophy of language makes the reviewed book unique, since Andrzejewski tries to break through the analytic, so common nowadays, paradigm and proposes to run the consideration concerning language in the spirit of lingua ac communitas, so to speak, he treats language basically as a tool for interpersonal communication and a way of gaining understanding within community.

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QUICK, TOM. "A capital Scot: microscopes and museums in Robert E. Grant's zoology (1815–1840)." British Journal for the History of Science 49, no. 2 (June 2016): 173–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087416000364.

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AbstractEarly nineteenth-century zoology in Britain has been characterized as determined by the ideological concerns of its proponents. Taking the zoologist Robert E. Grant as an exemplary figure in this regard, this article offers a differently nuanced account of the conditions under which natural-philosophical knowledge concerning animal life was established in post-Napoleonic Britain. Whilst acknowledging the ideological import of concepts such as force and law, it points to an additional set of concerns amongst natural philosophers – that of appropriate tool use in investigation. Grant's studies in his native Edinburgh relied heavily on the use of microscopes. On his arrival in London, however, he entered a culture in which a different set of objects – museum specimens – held greater persuasive power. This article relates changes in Grant's ideas and practices to the uneven emphases on microscopic and museological evidence amongst European, Scottish and English natural philosophers at this time. In so doing, it identifies the reliance of London-based natural philosophers on museology as constituting a limiting effect on the kinds of claim that Grant sought to make regarding the nature of life.

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Adamson, Peter, and Hanif Amin Beidokhti. "The Necessity and Goodness of Animals in Sijistānī’s Kashf Al-Maḥjūb." Philosophies 9, no. 3 (May 20, 2024): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9030072.

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The Neoplatonic notion of “emanation” implies a required progression through hierarchical stages, originating from the highest principle (the One or God) and cascading down through a series of principles. While this process is deemed necessary, it is also inherently good, even “choiceworthy”, aligning with the identification of the first principle with the Good. Plotinus, a prominent Neoplatonist, emphasizes the beauty and goodness of the sensible world, governed by divine providence. This perspective, transmitted through Arabic adaptations of Plotinus, influences Islamic philosophers too. This paper delves into the thought of the Ismāʿīlī philosopher Abū Yaʿqūb al-Sijistānī (d. after. 349/971), exploring the interplay of necessity and goodness in his cosmology, with a focus on non-human animals. Sijistānī’s Persian Uncovering the Veiled provides a unique perspective on animals, presenting them as both necessary unfoldings of the universal intellect and inherently good beings with intrinsic value. The paper concludes with an appendix featuring an improved edition and English translation of relevant passages.

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Pavlović, Tomislav. "An intellectual in the embrace of dystopia: The Plato papers by Peter Ackroyd." Sinteze, no. 24 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sinteze12-48385.

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The aim of this work is to analyse the transformation of the term intellectual, which is established as a kind of paradigm in modern and postmodern times. The focus of the research is first of all on the reduction of the role of the intellectual in modern times, which was echoed in the thoughts of numerous philosophers of modern and postmodern epoch. Then the postmodern dystopian novel Plato's Papers by the English writer Peter Aykroyd, is analysed. It is a dystopian work in which the aforementioned tendencies were given an artistic articulation. The hero of the novel Plato, as the research shows, represents a travestied image of the ancient philosopher Plato and acts in a modern telematized polis of the distant future. The works and fate of the postmodern Plato are articulated in the novel in a way that hints that escapism is the only possible answer to the challenges of the destructive relativizations of the postmodern era.

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Jordan, Alexander. "Thomas Carlyle, Scotland's Migrant Philosophers, and Canadian Idealism, c. 1870–1914." Journal of Scottish Philosophy 19, no. 1 (March 2021): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jsp.2021.0289.

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That the great Scottish man of letters Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) exercised a formative influence over late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century ‘British Idealism’ has long been recognized by historians. Through works such as Sartor Resartus (1833–1834), Heroes and Hero-Worship (1841), Past and Present (1843), and Latter-Day Pamphlets (1850), Carlyle transmitted his ideas regarding the immanence of the divine in nature and man, the infinite character of duty, and the ethical role of the state to a generation of subsequent philosophers. The following article will extend this insight, arguing that through the agency of an array of migrant Scottish intellectuals, Carlyle's writings made an equally significant contribution to the development of Idealism in English-speaking Canada.

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ChungChungHo. "The Problem of Skepticism in Locke, Berkeley, and Hume: English Philosophers’ Progress in Empiricism." English & American Cultural Studies 11, no. 3 (December 2011): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15839/eacs.11.3.201112.179.

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Alcoff, Linda Martín. "The Life of Charles Mills, Radical Philosopher Extraordinaire." Critical Philosophy of Race 12, no. 2 (July 2024): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/critphilrace.12.2.0215.

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ABSTRACT Charles Wade Mills was one of the most influential and recognized philosophers in the English- speaking world and played a major role in changing the discourse of political philosophy. But how did he come to be? This article offers a personal remembrance and an account of his emerging ideas about race and racism as developed in some of his key texts. It also explores the relationship between his philosophy and his Jamaican background, arguing that the everyday practices of cognitive resistance in Jamaican society provided him with both inspiration and specific ideas.

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Hutton, Sarah. "Philosophy, Religion, and Heterodoxy in the Philosophy of Henry More, Ralph Cudworth, and Anne Conway." Church History and Religious Culture 100, no. 2-3 (September 3, 2020): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-10002002.

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Abstract Philosophers who hold the compatibility of reason and faith, are vulnerable to the charge of opening the way to atheism and heterodoxy. This danger was particularly acute when, in the wake of Cartesianism, the philosophy of Spinoza and Hobbes necessitated a resetting of the relationship of philosophy with religion. My paper discusses three English philosophers who illustrate the difficulties for the philosophical defence for religion: Henry More, Ralph Cudworth, and Anne Conway, for all of whom philosophical and religious truth were deeply intertwined. But each of them also subscribed to heterodox religious beliefs. This raises questions of whether there is a direct the relationship between their philosophy and religious heterodoxy—whether they exemplify the charge that philosophy undermines religion, or indeed whether their defence of religion was a cover for heterodoxy.

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DENG, Rui. "“壽數”與“文化”的關聯度探析." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 12, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.121571.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Life span is affected by two important dimensions of traditional Chinese culture. The principle that “the Tao follows nature” makes Chinese philosophers tolerant of misunderstandings and frustration. Remaining calm and retaining a positive attitude can increase longevity. The obligation to “subdue the self” urges Chinese philosophers to concentrate on specific things, enabling outstanding achievements and even increasing longevity. However, culture is not the only determinant of life span. Social conditions also affect life expectancy. The comparison with French thinkers is one-sided, as individuals in numerous countries and professions enjoy a high life expectancy. Nevertheless, it is important to adhere to Confucian values to cultivate one’s moral character.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 18 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

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Cegiełka, Anna. "Kobieta w tradycyjnych przysłowiach i powiedzeniach angielskich i polskich." Język a Kultura 27 (June 13, 2019): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.27.15.

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The linguistic view of woman in English and Polish proverbsThe aim of this paper is to present the linguistic view of woman in English and Polish proverbs. According to philosophers and linguists whose ideas shaped the concept of the linguistic worldview and cognitive definition, the language we use provides us with a specific interpretation of the world. Cognitive definitions should account for the way language users perceive particular phenomena. This article looks at connotative features encoded in English and Polish proverbs about women, which are sets of implicit judgments that build the linguistic stereotype of woman. The analysis of the material shows that the linguistic stereotypes of woman in English and Polish proverbs are to a great extent similar and predominantly negative. Yet, there are language specific differences concerning the overall attitude towards women, as well as relative salience of particular features.

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Хабипова, Р. "Semantic analyzing of color in the english and karakalpak languages." Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке 1, no. 1 (November 24, 2023): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/xxia-ttipr-vol1-iss1-pp270-273.

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In the world of linguistics, at present, in the process of globalization and intcrcultural communication of people, the question arises about all aspects of language, including the analysis of socio and linguacultural meanings reflected in the language. Color is a category that attracts the attention of specialists from all over the world, whose scientific interests lie in completely different fields of knowledge: physicists, biologists, doctors, psychologists, artists, designers, art historians, philosophers, literary critics, linguists and many others. Structural and linguistics, differences in the field of color names are associated with differences in the world pictures of representatives of different cultures, with established historical and cultural, religious, climatic and other features [1, 179-186]

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Morris, Andrew M. A. "Evaluating John Theophilus Desaguliers' Newtonianism: the case of waterwheel knowledge in A course of experimental philosophy." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 74, no. 3 (September 18, 2019): 453–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2019.0023.

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John Theophilus Desaguliers (1683–1744) was a French-born English Huguenot who made his name as a public lecturer in London and a demonstrator at the Royal Society, writing a very popular introduction to Isaac Newton's natural philosophy, the two-volume A course of experimental philosophy (1734–1744). This paper looks at the influence of three French natural philosophers, Edme Mariotte (1620–1684), Antoine Parent (1666–1716) and Bernard Forest de Bélidor (1698–1761), on the account of waterwheel functioning in the second volume of that work. The aim of the paper is to show that, although Desaguliers demonstrated a commitment to Newton's work, his own natural philosophical objectives also led him to borrow ideas from natural philosophers outside Newton's direct sphere of influence. To do this I shall give an account of what Desaguliers appropriated from Newton's Principia , how it fitted in with his own project and how he also made use of other natural philosophers' theories in his discussion of fluid mechanics. This will hopefully result in a more nuanced conception of Desaguliers' ‘Newtonianism’ that takes into account the diverse sources and influences in his work.

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Aksayam, Narciso. "Giving an Identity: Coordinates of Invention. Heresy and Dissidence Among Non-Philosophers." Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture 15, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2018): 118–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51151/identities.v15i1-2.341.

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Not known enough for his former publications in philosophy, François Laruelle’s attempt to institute a democratic field for all hermeneutic content and every philosophical knowledge is not that easy to re-enact starting from the Nietzschean and Levinassian apparatus of his early thought, and considering the refusal of reciprocity that is correlated with his theory of Unilaterality. This difficulty also manifests in the résumé of his philosophical career. Though presented for a long time as solitary, Laruelle recently acknowledged that his work had been built within the dynamic of colleagues and disciples as well. From there, an insight on the intersubjective past of non-philosophy will unfold the coextensive network of affects that are part of its construction as a matrix of Democracy. And since Heresy is one of the major figures of Laruelle’s thought, it is interesting to pay attention to how dissidences have been dealt with in his own discourse and posture while non-philosophy was emerging as an intersubjective assemblage. Two historical characters will be considered: Serge Valdinoci, an early collaborator in the 1980s, who built a specific method of immanence, europanalysis, and who distanced himself from non-philosophy at the turning of Philosophy III; and Gilles Grelet, a prominent disciple in the 1990s, who co-founded Organisation Non-Philosophique Internationale (ONPhI) with Ray Brassier, and who played such a major role in non-philosophy that it drove Laruelle to write Struggle and Utopia at the End Times of Philosophy. Author(s): Narciso Aksayam Title (English): Giving an Identity: Coordinates of Invention. Heresy and Dissidence Among Non-Philosophers Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 15, No. 1-2 (Summer 2018) Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities – Skopje Page Range: 118-156 Page Count: 39 Citation (English): Narciso Aksayam, “Giving an Identity: Coordinates of Invention. Heresy and Dissidence Among Non-Philosophers,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 15, No. 1-2 (Summer 2018): 118-156.

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Rampling, Jennifer M. "Reading alchemically: guides to ‘philosophical’ practice in early modern England." BJHS Themes 5 (2020): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjt.2020.3.

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AbstractDozens of early modern treatises claim to offer straightforward instructions on the theory and practice of alchemy, including all the steps necessary to produce the philosophers’ stone and a range of medicinal elixirs. Yet the resulting works often seem to obfuscate more than they explain: omitting vital information, disguising ingredients and practices behind cover names, and describing outcomes that seem, to modern eyes, impossible. Were such ‘instruction manuals’ ever intended to offer guides for actual practice, or did they serve other ends – from attracting patrons to persuading sceptics of the truth of alchemy? Drawing upon alchemical dialogues written, compiled and annotated by English alchemists in the late fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries, I argue that these works of ‘philosophical’ alchemy could indeed serve as technical manuals, although not always of the kind we might expect. Such writings offer advice not only on practical techniques, but also on the process of reading alchemically: guiding readers through the exegetical minefield of alchemical writing, in order both to extract meaningful chemical recipes from obscure texts, and to craft the practitioner's own persona as an alchemical philosopher.

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Walmsley, Tom. "Psychiatry in descent: Darwin and the Brownes." Psychiatric Bulletin 17, no. 12 (December 1993): 748–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.17.12.748.

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Charles Darwin (1809–1882) enjoys an uneasy position in the history of psychiatry. In general terms, he showed a personal interest in the plight of the mentally ill and an astute empathy for psychiatric patients. On the other hand, he has generated derogatory views of insanity, especially through the writings of English social philosophers like Herbert Spencer and Samuel Butler, the Italian School of “criminal anthropology” and French alienists including Victor Magnan and Benedict Morel.

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