Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phenyl compounds – Derivatives

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Phenyl compounds – Derivatives'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Phenyl compounds – Derivatives"

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Athraa H Mekky and Sajida M Thamir. "Synthesis, characterisation and antibacterial evaluation of some novel 1-phenyl-1h-tetrazole-5-thiol derivatives." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 2 (April 14, 2019): 1136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.394.

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The aim of the study is to synthesise and. Characterize — some novel, "tetrazole., -5-thiol” derivatives. Firstly, the “1-phenyl-1H7-tetrazole-5-thiol” (A1) has been., synthesised by the reaction of phenylisothiocyanate with NaN3 in water as a solvent. Secondly, the tetrazole-5-thiol derivatives (A2-A4) were synthesised by the alkylation reaction of the compound (A1) with chloroacetone, phenacyl bromide and chloromethyl acetate respectively. The resulted percentage yield was relatively high (92%, %95, %90 respectively). Compound (A5) was synthesised by the reaction of ethyl acetate tetrazole derivative (A4) with hydrazine. Moreover, the derivatives (A6-A11) were synthesised by the reaction of the (A5) with various substituted aromatic aldehydes. Moreover, compounds (A12-A13) have been synthesised by the cyclization reaction of compound A5 with acetylacetone and phenyl acetylacetone respectively. The produced compounds have been identified by IR, 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR Spectroscopy, and the quantities of various of the physical data (melting point, the shape of crystal and color). Finally, the compounds were examined for their biological activities alongside two kinds of bacteria (E. Coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Compounds A2, A4, A8, A11 and A13 showed the highest inhibition activity against E. Coli. Compounds A2, A9, A10and A13 showed the maximum activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Farah Smaysem and Ahmed Salim. "Synthesis and Characterization of Some Heterocyclic Compounds and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 2068–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4421.

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In this study, heterocyclic compounds with two nitrogen atoms are prepared by reaction of 2-aminobenzimidazole with formic acid to get amide derivatives (A), reacts with phenylhydrazine to get phenyl hydrazone derivatives (B), reacts with ethyl chloroacetate to obtain ethyl acetate derivatives (C). The derivative (D) obtains on heating in a basic medium. The (B) reacts with 2-chloroacetyl chloride to give derivatives (E). A number of Schiff bases are prepared (F, I) from reacting 2-aminobenzimidazole with benzaldehyde derivatives. The(F) reacts with propargyl bromide to give propargyl bromide derivatives (G). The cyclization with 4-nitrophenyl azide leads to obtain triazole compound (H). The compound (I) reacts with ethyl chloroacetate to give ethyl acetate derivatives (J), reacts with hydrazine to give N-amide hydrazine derivatives (K). The cyclization give rises to 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (L). The compound (I) reacts with sodium azide to obtain tetrazole derivatives (M). Synthesizing of Triazine, Oxadiazole, Triazole, Tetrazole via cyclization of the Schiff base derivatives with ethyl chloroacetate and chloro acetyl chloride, benzoic acid, 4-nitrophenyl azide, sodium azide and phenyl azide are possible respectively. The FT-IR, 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR spectral data give good evidence for the formation of the compounds. Some prepared compounds exhibit antibacterial properties.
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A. Abdulqader, Kany, Ahmed W. Naser, Muthanna S. Farhan, and Sabah J. Salih. "Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxic Activity of some new 1,2,3-Triazole, Oxadiazole and Aza- β-lactam Derivatives." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 2350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340516.

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A series of 1,2,3-triazole, oxadiazole and aza-β-lactam derivatives were synthesized through consecutive reaction began from o-(N-propargyl) sulfonamido benzoic acid (1a). The reaction of (1a) with absolute ethanol in the presence of concentrated H2SO4 resulted in the formation of ester derivative (2a). The product of the previous reaction was reacted with 80% hydrazine hydrate to prepare benzohydrazide derivative (3a). 1,3,4-oxadiazole compound (4a) was obtained by condensation of compound (3a) with CS2 in presence KOH . Compound (3a) react with Phenyl isocyanates to give Carboxamide derivative (5a), that Condensation either with 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldhyde and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde to prepare the Schiff bases (6a-b). The cycloaddotion of Schiff-bases (6a-b) with phenyl isocyanate gave aza-β-lactams (7a-b). Benzamide derivatives (8a-c) were prepared via the reaction of compound (1a) with aniline derivatives, such as (p-toluidine, o-nitroaniline and m-nitroaniline). In a regioselective reaction 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivative (9a-j) were synthesized via the click reaction of compounds 4a,5a and (8a-c) with benzyl azide and p-bromobenzyl azide. The compounds were identified using the spectral methods shown in the work. Cytotoxic effects of some final prepared compounds were studied in one cultured cellular models (MCF7 cell line) breast cancer (at various concentrations) by MTT assay, compound (9j) showed the better cytotoxic activity among the tested compounds.
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Danilenko, Nadezhda, Vladimir Shmalyuk, and Andrei Khlebnikov. "2-(2-(Fluorosulfonyloxy)phenyl)benzoxazole." Molbank 2021, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): M1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1242.

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The fluorosulfate derivatives of benzoxazole attract attention since benzoxazole-based compounds have a wide range of biological activities, and the ability of the –SO2F group to react with various functional groups makes it possible to synthesize various new derivatives. The new 2-(2-(fluorosulfonyloxy)phenyl)benzoxazole (2) has been synthesized by the SuFEx click reaction in a two-chamber reactor. Compound 2 is the first example of a benzoxazole derivative with a fluorosulfate-containing substituent at position two of the benzoxazole heterocycle. The anti-cancer potency of 2 was evaluated in silico using molecular docking. The docking results suggest that title compound 2 is of great interest for further studies as a possible anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor.
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Erdem, Ahmet, Hasan Genc, Nejdet Sen, Rafet Kilincarslan, and Emin Erdem. "The Synthesis and Reactions of Novel Pyrazole Derivatives by 4-phenylcarbonyl-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-2,3-furandione Reacted with Some Hydrazones." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 1 (February 15, 2017): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.1.5407.

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We report some novel pyrazole derivatives taking 4-phenylcarbonyl-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-2,3-furandione, 1. For this, 4-phenylcarbonyl-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-2,3-furandione, 1 was reacted with benzaldehyde(2- or 4-fluorophenyl)hydrazone to give 4-benzoyl-1-(2- or 4-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid 2a,b. Pyrazol derivative containing 2-fluorophenyl group 2a was converted into carboxylic chloride derivative 3a by thionyl chloride and then the compound 4a was obtained from reaction ammonia with compound 3a. In the next step, 4-benzoyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid 2a was reacted with MeOH/H2SO4, EtOH/H2SO4, 2-nitrophenylhydrazine and 3-nitrophenylydrazine to give 5a,b and 6a,b pyrazol derivatives, respectively. The structures regarding all compounds synthesized were determined by the IR, NMR and elemental analysis method.
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Hishmat, O. H., S. S. Mabrouk, A. M. M. Nasef, N. M. A. Shayeb, and S. A. Ismail. "Derivatives of Khellinonequinone and their Aflatoxigenic Activity." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 43, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1988-0318.

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Nitration of khellinone leads to the formation of a small amount of 3-nitrokhellinone and 5-acetyl-6-hydroxybenzofuran-4.7-dione (khellinonequinone) as a main product. The latter compound reacts with primary amines to give the corresponding imino compounds. Reaction of khellinone with o-phenylenediamine involves condensation followed by cyclisation. While on the other hand treating with phenyl hydrazines gives the phenyl hydrazone. The pyrazolobenzofuran derivative was obtained by the action of hydrazine hydrate on khellinonequinone. Finally the reaction with malononitrile leads to the formation of the ylidene derivative. Two quinone derivatives showed a weak effect on mycelial growth and aflatoxin formation.
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Mistry, Rakesh N., and K. R. Desai. "Studies on Synthesis of Some Novel Heterocyclic Chalcone, Pyrazoline, Pyrimidine - 2 - One, Pyrimidine - 2 - Thione,para-Acetanilide Sulphonyl and Benzoyl Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Activity." E-Journal of Chemistry 2, no. 1 (2005): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/953107.

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1, 2 - Dichloro benzene on chlorosulphonation by chlorosulphonic acid gives 1, 2 - [dichloro] - benzene sulphonyl chloride which on condensation withp–amino acetophenone gives 1-[acetyl] - 1’ , 2’ - [dichloro] - dibenz sulphonamide derivative. This derivative undergo condensation with 2,4- dichloro benzaldehyde gives 1- [3” - (sub. phenyl) - 2” - propene - 1” - one] - 1’ , 2’ - [dichloro] - dibenz sulphonamide derivative which on reaction with 99% hydrazine hydrate and glacial acetic acid gives 1-[acetyl]-3- [1’ , 2’ - (dichloro) - dibenz sulphonamide] -5 - [2” , 4” - dichloro phenyl] - 2 - pyrazoline derivative. This derivative reacts with various substituted aldehydes to give corresponding substituted chalcone derivatives [1(a-j)]. Now, these chalcone derivatives [1(a-j)] on condensation with urea gives corresponding substituted pyrimidine - 2 - one derivatives [2(a-j)] and on condensation with thio-urea gives corresponding substituted pyrimidine- 2 -thione derivatives [3(a-j)]. Further, these chalcone derivatives [1(a-j)] on reaction with 99% hydrazine hydrate gives 1 - [1’ - (H) - 5’ - (sub. phenyl) - 2’ - pyrazoline]- 3 - [1” , 2” - (dichloro) - dibenz sulphonamide] - 5 - [2’’’ , 4’’’ - dichloro phenyl]-2- pyrazoline derivatives [4(a-j)] as an intermediate compounds, which on condensation with p-acetanilide sulphonyl chloride gives corresponding substituted p - acetanilide sulphonyl derivatives [5(a-j)] and on condensation with benzoyl chloride gives corresponding substituted benzoyl derivatives [6(a-j)]. Structure elucidation of synthesised compounds has been made on the basis of elemental analysis, I.R. spectral studies and 1H N.M.R. spectral studies. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesised compounds has been studied against the cultures “Staphylococcus aureus”, “Escherichia coli” and “Candela albicans”.
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Yoon, Goo, Seung Hoon Cheon, Jung Hyun Shim, and Seung Sik Cho. "Design and Evaluation of Licochalcone A Derivatives as Anticancer Agents." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 6 (June 2018): 1934578X1801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801300609.

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New derivatives of licochalcone A were synthesized and evaluated for their potential anticancer activities. Compounds 6 (( E)-N-(4-(3-(5-bromo-4-hydroxy-2-methoxy phenyl) acryloyl) phenyl)-4-isopropylbenzamide) and 8 (1-(3-dimethylamino-phenyl)-3-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propenone) showed potent activity against the screened cancer cell lines with that of compound 6 ranging from 6.9 ± 0.2 μM to 22.9 ± 3.1 μM, and that of compound 8 from 4.2 ± 0.5 μM to 11.8 ± 0.7 μM. Both compounds showed stronger cytotoxicity than that of licochalcone A. These two candidates have very different substituents and could be considered as promising lead compounds for further development of potent anticancer agents.
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Ho, Boon Kui, Zainab Ngaini, Paul Matthew Neilsen, Siaw San Hwang, Reagan Entigu Linton, Ee Ling Kong, and Boon Kiat Lee. "Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of 4-[(Halophenyl)diazenyl]phenol and 4-[(Halophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl Aspirinate Derivatives against Nasopharyngeal Cancer Cell Lines." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6760413.

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Aspirin and azo derivatives have been widely studied and have drawn considerable attention due to diverse biological activities. In this study, a series of 4-[(halophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl aspirinate derivatives were synthesized from the reaction of aspirin with 4-[(halophenyl)diazenyl]phenol via esterification, in the presence of DCC/DMAP in DCM with overall yield of 45–54%. 4-[(Halophenyl)diazenyl]phenol was prepared prior to esterification from coupling reaction of aniline derivatives and phenol in basic solution. All compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. All compounds were screened for their anticancer activities against nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) HK-1 cell lines and the viability of cultured cells was determined by MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxylmethoxylphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium]-based colorimetric assay. 4-[(E)-(Fluorophenyl)diazenyl]phenol showed the highest anticancer activity against NPC HK-1 cell lines compared to other synthesized compounds. 4-[(Halophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl aspirinate showed low cytotoxicity against NPC HK-1 cell lines compared to 4-[(halophenyl)diazenyl]phenol but better anticancer activity than aspirin alone.
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Hafez, Hend N., and Abdel-Rahman B. A. El-Gazzar. "Synthesis of Novel Pyridine Bearing Biologically Active Imidiazolyl, Pyrazolyl, Oxa/thiadiazolyl and Urea Derivatives as Promising Anticancer Agents." Current Organic Synthesis 17, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179417666191223163225.

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Background: A novel series of pyridine containing 1,3,4-oxa/thiadiazol derivatives 4a,b, pyrazole derivatives 5-7, thiazole derivatives 9a,b and 17a-c, urea derivatives 12a-c, imidiazole derivative 16, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives 18a, b, tetrazole 19, pyrane 20 and pyridine derivatives 21 has been synthesized. Objective: This research aims to synthesize 6-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] amino nicotinohydrazide 2 and 6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino pyridin-3-carboaldhyde 15 as key intermediate for the synthesis of novel pyridine derivatives bearing different heterocyclic rings in order to study the additive effect of this ring toward tumor cell lines. Methods: 6-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino nicotinohydrazide 2 was synthesized in a series of synthetic steps and was used as key intermediate for the synthesis of compounds 3-(1,3,4- oxa/thiadiazol-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(3- trifluoromethyl) phenyl) pyridin-2-amine 4a,b, (3,5-dimethyl- 1H-pyrazol-1-yl derivatives) [6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-[3- trifluoromethyl) phenyl] amino pyridin-3- yl]methanone 5a,b, 6-8, 9a,b and 12a-c. Also, 6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino pyridin-3-carboaldhyde (15) was used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of novel series of pyridine derivatives with different heterocyclic ring (16-21). Results: Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental analysis and spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against liver cancer (HepG2), human colon cancer (HT-29) and human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MCF-7). Conclusion: All the synthesized compounds were investigated for their in vitro antitumor activity. Compounds 4b, 9a,b and 19 showed higher antitumor activity than the doxorubicin. Interestingly, pyridine with pfluorophenyl urea 12a demonstrated the most potent antitumor activity. The activity of these compounds is strongly dependent on the basic skeleton of the molecules and the nature of the heterocyclic ring attached to the pyridine moiety.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phenyl compounds – Derivatives"

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"Applications of tetraphenylene derivatives." Thesis, 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074906.

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*Please refer to dissertation for diagrams.
In Chapter 2, the development of organocatalysis is briefly summarized. Also the development of asymmetric Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction and asymmetric Diels-Alder (DA) reaction and their strategies are presented. Some representative examples are delineated with in-depth discussion.
In Chapter 3, the idea of the design of organocatalysts from tetraphenylenes is illustrated. The syntheses of enantiopure (S,S)- and ( R,R)-1,8,9,16-tetrahydroxytetraphenylene (1) and racemic 1,4,5,8,9,16-hexahydroxytetraphenylene (2) are described. The functionalization of compounds 1 and 2 and the attempt to synthesize amino acid from compound 1 are discussed. The syntheses of racemic and chiral amine derivatives from compound 1 and their applications on the catalysis of MBH reaction and asymmetric DA reaction are presented and discussed.
In Chapter 4, the application of marcocyclic compounds on enantiomeric recognition is briefly reviewed. The strategies and syntheses of the two enantiomeric tetrameric form of 1,8,9,16-tetraalkoxytetraphenylene, which is a potential chiral recognition reagent, are discussed.
In Chapter 5, the background information of the chemistry of liquid crystals is briefly reviewed, and the syntheses of different alkoxy-derivatives from compound 1 are presented. Among these derivatives, three of them were found to have liquid crystal properties. The details on the characterization of their liquid crystal properties are discussed.
In Chapter 6, a short summary and conclusion of the results in the previous chapters are given.
In Chapter 7, experimental details are summarized.*
Tetraphenylenes are structurally exceptional molecules featuring a rigid conformation. As such, substituents of these compounds would demonstrate highly directional disposition. As a result, these molecules, in their optically pure forms, are potential candidates as organocatalysts in asymmetric synthesis. In this thesis, some essential background information and previous works about the development of the tetraphenylenes are first presented in Chapter 1.
The second part is about the potential applications of tetraalkoxytetraphenylene derivatives.
The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is about the applications of amino-substituted tetraphenylene derivatives as organocatalysts.
pt. 1. Amino-substituted tetraphenylene derivatives as organocatalysts -- pt. 2. Potential applications of tetraalkoxytetraphenylenes.
Hau, Chun Kit.
Adviser: H. N. C. Wong.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-04, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 260-282).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
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Book chapters on the topic "Phenyl compounds – Derivatives"

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Keefer, Robert F. "Soil Organic Matter." In Handbook of Soils for Landscape Architects. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121025.003.0018.

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Soil organic matter (SOM) is probably the most important constituent of soils. The effect of SOM on soil properties far exceeds the relative percentage of this material in soils. The small amount of organic matter in soils, usually from 1 to 5%, is very important in providing a reserve food source for microorganisms and higher plants. Almost all properties of SOM are beneficial for plant growth. Soil organic matter can be defined as a complex, heterogeneous mixture of plant and animal remains in various stages of decay, microbial cells—both living and dead—microbially synthesized compounds, and derivatives of all of the above through microbial activity. Soil organic matter is probably the most complex of all naturally occurring substances. Some compounds in SOM are distinctive to soil and are not present in plants or animals. By examining the composition of SOM, one can see why it is such a complex material. The following compounds have been isolated from chemical SOM extracts: . . . 1. Carbohydrates (sugars, polysaccharides)—about 75% of dry weight 2. Lignin (a plant polymer of phenyl propane units) 3. Proteins (combinations of amino acids) 4. Hydrocarbons—fats, waxes, resins, and oils 5. Tannins (phenolic substances) 6. Pigments (chlorophyll) 7. Organic acids (many in the biochemical Krebs cycle) 8. Miscellaneous compounds—includes organic P, organic S, polynuclear hydrocarbons, nucleic acid derivatives, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, etc. . . . Whenever organic materials are added to a soil the physical properties of soil structure, water-holding capacity, and soil color are changed. The extent of change in these properties depends on the amount and type of organic material added, the soil microorganisms present in the soil, and the speed at which decomposition occurs. Aggregation and granulation (crumb formation) is increased by polysaccharides produced by microorganisms during decomposition. This improves soil tilth (ability to work the soil) and helps stabilize the soil crumbs. The ability of a soil to hold water is greatly increased by addition of SOM. This results in greater infiltration (water moving into the soil) and adsorption of water by the SOM, with consequently less erosion and loss of soil particles and fertility.
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Ito, T., and M. Minato. "Synthesis of Phenol Derivatives." In Compounds of Groups 7-3 (Mn..., Cr..., V..., Ti..., Sc..., La..., Ac...), 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-002-00401.

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Elumalai, Sasikumar, Balamurugan Arumugam, Pranati Kundu, and Sandeep Kumar. "Phenol derivatives of lignin monomers for aromatic compounds and cycloalkane fuels." In Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals, 459–83. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-64307-0.00018-4.

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Milata, V., S. Rádl, and S. Voltrová. "Reaction of Vinyl Halides or Activated Vinyl Derivatives with Alcohols or Phenols." In X-Ene-X (X=F, Cl, Br, I, O, S, Se, Te, N, P), Ene-Hal, and Ene-O Compounds, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-032-00636.

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Conference papers on the topic "Phenyl compounds – Derivatives"

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Mizyuk, Volodymyr. "DEPENDENCE OF SPECTRAL PARAMETERS IN 1H AND 13C NMR SPECTRA OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS UPON SUBSTITUENT SPATIAL-STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES. XIV*. Study of the effect of substituent R nature in phenylsulfones derivatives PhSO2R on the chemical shifts of phenyl ring protons in NMR 1H spectra." In The 14th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-14-00477.

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Lei, Hanwu, Shoujie Ren, James Julson, Lu Wang, Quan Bu, and Roger Ruan. "Microwave Torrefaction of Corn Stover and Tech-Economic Analysis." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50230.

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Microwave torrefaction of corn stover with particle size of 4 mm was investigated and the effects of reaction temperature and time on the yields of volatile, bio-oil and torrefied biomass were determined. The response surface analysis of the central composite design (CCD) showed that the yields of volatile, bio-oil and torrefied biomass were significantly affected by the reaction temperature and time. Three linear models were developed to predict the yields of conversion products as a function of temperature and time. A first order reaction kinetics was also developed to model the corn stover torrefaction. Ph values of torrefaction bio-oils ranged from 2.3 to 2.76 which were similar to those of bio-oils from biomass pyrolysis. GC/MS analysis for torrefaction bio-oils showed that the organic acid was about 2.16% to 12.00%. The torrefaction bio-oils also contain valuable chemical compounds such as phenols, furan derivatives and aliphatic hydrocarbons determined by a GC/MS. There are no aromatic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) detected in the torrefaction bio-oils. The torrefaction biogas was mainly consisted of ch4, c2h6, c3h8, which was about 56 wt% of the total bio-gas. The biogas can be used for chemical synthesis or electricity generation. The heating values of torrefied biomass were from 18.64–22.22 MJ/kg depending on the process conditions. The heating values of torrefied biomass were significantly greater than those of raw biomass and similar to those of coals. The energy yields of torrefied biomass from 87.03–97.87% implied that most energy was retained in the torrefied biomass. Economic analysis indicated that the biomass microwave torrefaction plant located in a farm is profitable.
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