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Academic literature on the topic 'Phénotypage plante'
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Journal articles on the topic "Phénotypage plante"
Gmakouba, Tighankoumi, Atti Tchabi, P. Napoli, J. K. Bamaze, K. Some, R. E. Traore, M. Hamed Ouedraogo, and K. Romaric Nanema. "Phénotypage d’un Germoplasme de Variétés Locales et Exotiques de Patate Douce [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] sur la Base des Caractères Quantitatifs: Implications pour l’Amélioration Génétique au Togo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 21, no. 3 (January 31, 2025): 138. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2025.v21n3p138.
Full textVincent, Bryan. "Contribution de la symbiose fixatrice d’azote dans l’adaptation d’une légumineuse à des sols contrastés : le modèle Acacia spirorbis et les contraintes édaphiques extrêmes rencontrées en Nouvelle-Calédonie." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 341 (July 20, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2019.341.a31757.
Full textVernenghi, Annie, J. Einhorn, G. Kunesch, C. Malosse, Florence Ramiandrasoa, and A. Ravisé. "Phytoalexines et réactions de défense de la tomate aux infections par Phytophthora parasitica et Verticillium albo-atrum." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 973–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-131.
Full textEllouzi, Hasna, Souhir Amraoui, and Mohsen Hanana. "Improving germination and growth performances of millet grown under saline conditions through seed priming." JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 5, no. 5 (November 27, 2023): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56027/joasd.302023.
Full textBenhamada-Driouèche, Nacima, Fatiha Aidoud-Lounis, Nadir Hanifi, and Réda Djebbar. "Variabilités morphologiques de quelques populations de Plantago albicans L. le long d’un transect nord-sud dans la région du Sud-Oranais (Ouest algérien)." BASE, no. 1 (2021): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.18849.
Full textCHEVREAU, Elisabeth, Yves LESPINASSE, Marie GODICHEAU, and André FOUILLET. "Recherche de l'origine génétique de plantes à phénotype maternel chez le pommier (Malus × domestica Borkh.). I. — Etude de descendances issues de pollinisation par les abeilles." Agronomie 5, no. 10 (1985): 905–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:19851008.
Full textThiébaut, B., O. Garniaux, B. Comps, and C. Muller. "Descendances maternelles de hêtre tortillard (Fagus sylvatica L. var. tortuosa Pépin); développement au cours des quatre premières années: I. fertilité, vigueur et apparition du phénotype tortillard." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-126.
Full textBrits, Elsabé. "Des laboratoires de phénotypage pour tester les réponses des plantes au changement climatique." Nature Africa, November 28, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d44148-023-00336-4.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Phénotypage plante"
Bastien, Renaud. "Formes et mouvements gravitropiques des tiges végétales : modèle universel et phénotypage." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764999.
Full textLarrey, Mathieu. "Analysis of the root system architecture responses to reserves availability in grapevine rootstocks using the Archisimple model." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0448.
Full textImproving the recovery rate of young grafted grapevines in order to limit their future decline in vineyards is a major challenge for nurseries and grape growers. This requires a better understanding of their rooting capacities and the establisment of their root system architecture (RSA) after implantation, in particular in relation to their efficiencies in soil prospection and soil resources capture. Many genetic, physiological or environmental factors modify these processes in grapes. Among them, the nutritional status of the mother plant material could be decisive. The aim of this thesis is to characterize, in young vines mostly under controlled conditions, the influence of the initial availability of carbon and nitrogen reserves on rhizogenesis, growth and plasticity of the morphological traits of the root system for different Vitis rootstock genotypes contrasted in terms of root development. In particular, it will be investigated whether the processes of root emission, elongation and branching are differently affected by the local carbohydrates content and the nature of the graft. These data will also be used to calibrate a first model of root system development for the vine. Such functional-structural root model is a promising way to overcome in situ root phenotyping issues and can serve as a basis for the development of root ideotypes in silico by highlighting the underlying genetic mechanisms and parameters that are most likely influence RSA
Blancon, Justin. "Identification des déterminants génétiques de la tolérance à la sècheresse chez le maïs par l'étude de l'évolution de l'indice foliaire vert au cours du cycle de la plante et le développement d'une méthode de phénotypage innovant." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC026.
Full textBy the end of the century, climate forecasts predict a decrease in the quantity and regularity of rainfall with an increasing risk of drought in Europe and in many regions of the world. Breeding for more tolerant varieties will be an essential lever to face these future constraints. The main objective of this work is to characterize the genetic determinisms of drought tolerance in maize. To this aim, it is proposed to dissect this complex trait into underlying physiological traits whose genetic determinism is supposed to be simpler. Green Leaf Area Index (GLAI) dynamics throughout the plant cycle, through its major role in light interception, transpiration and CO2 exchange, is a promising secondary trait to identify and better understand the genetic basis of drought tolerance. During this thesis, we developed a high-throughput method for phenotyping maize GLAI dynamics in the field. This method combines UAV multispectral imagery and a simple GLAI model. It makes possible the estimation of the dynamics of GLAI continuously throughout the whole plant cycle with good accuracy, while reducing the phenotyping time twentyfold. This method was used in two well-watered and two water-deficient trials to characterize the GLAI dynamics of 324 lines from a MAGIC population (Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross). The estimated dynamics have a high heritability and explain a significant part of grain yield under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. To characterize the genetic basis of GLAI dynamics, three longitudinal GWAS (Genome Wide Association Study) approaches were compared: a univariate two-step approach, a multivariate two-step approach and a random regression one-step approach. These three approaches, combined with the high density of available genotyping data (nearly 8 million markers), have revealed many QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci), some of which were co-localized with yield QTL. Finally, we demonstrated that the GLAI QTL identified in this study could explain nearly 20 % of the grain yield variability observed in a large network of water-stressed experiments. This work provides methods that will enable a better characterization and understanding of the genetic determinisms of GLAI dynamics, a trait that was out of reach in large populations until now. This trait presents all the characteristics required to improve the effectiveness of selection programs under water stress conditions
Heidsieck, Gaetan. "Gestion distribuée de workflows scientifiques pour le phénotypage des plantes à haut débit." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS066.
Full textIn many scientific domains, such as bio-science, complex numerical experiments typically require many processing or analysis steps over huge datasets. They can be represented as scientific workflows. These workflows ease the modeling, management, and execution of computational activities linked by data dependencies. As the size of the data processed and the complexity of the computation keep increasing, these workflows become data-intensive. In order to execute such workflows within a reasonable timeframe, they need to be deployed in a high-performance distributed computing environment, such as the cloud.Plant phenotyping aims at capturing plant characteristics, such as morphological, topological, phenological features. High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) platforms have emerged to speed up the phenotyping data acquisition in controlled conditions (e.g. greenhouse) or in the field. Such platforms generate terabytes of data used in plant breeding and plant biology to test novel mechanisms. These datasets are stored in different geodistributed sites (data centers). Scientists can use a Scientific Workflow Management System (SWMS) to manage the workflow execution over a multisite cloud.In bio-science, it is common for workflow users to reuse other workflows or data generated by other users. Reusing and re-purposing workflows allow the user to develop new analyses faster. Furthermore, a user may need to execute a workflow many times with different sets of parameters and input data to analyze the impact of some experimental step, represented as a workflow fragment, i.e., a subset of the workflow activities and dependencies. In both cases, some fragments of the workflow may be executed many times, which can be highly resource-consuming and unnecessary long. Workflow re-execution can be avoided by storing the intermediate results of these workflow fragments and reusing them in later executions.In this thesis, we propose an adaptive caching solution for efficient execution of data-intensive workflows in monosite and multisite clouds. By adapting to the variations in tasks’ execution times, our solution can maximize the reuse of intermediate data produced by workflows from multiple users. Our solution is based on a new SWMS architecture that automatically manages the storage and reuse of intermediate data. Cache management is involved during two main steps: workflows preprocessing, to remove all fragments of the workflow that do not need to be executed; and cache provisioning, to decide at runtime which intermediate data should be cached. We propose an adaptive cache provisioning algorithm that deals with the variations in task execution times and the size of data. We evaluated our solution by implementing it in OpenAlea and performing extensive experiments on real data with a complex data-intensive application in plant phenotyping.Our main contributions are i) a SWMS architecture to handle caching and cache-aware scheduling algorithms when executing workflows in both monosite and multisite clouds, ii) a cost model that includes both financial and time costs for both the workflow execution, and the cache management, iii) two cache-aware scheduling algorithms one adapted for monosite and one for multisite cloud, and iv) and an experimental validation on a data-intensive plant phenotyping application
Benoit, Landry. "Imagerie multimodalité appliquée au phénotypage haut-débit des semences et plantules." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0084.
Full textAlong this work, we have used the potentiality of different modalities of imagery that we apply to the plant domain so as to contribute to the high-throughput phenotyping of seeds and seedlings. We have mainly committed ourselves to the search for answers to two specific and important problematic in this domain. We begin by showing the applicability of visible imaging using an inactinic light and passive thermographic imaging to image the development of seeds and seedlings, a biological phenomenon usually occurring in soil and darkness. We present our contributions to this type of imaging through our contributions to the conception and the realization of a vision system using visible inactinic imaging, whose finality is the realization of individualized automated measurement on the seeds, the seedlings and the organs of the seedlings. This system handle seedling crossing, through the original use of anisotropic diffusion, which allowed us to multiply, without information loss, the output by ten. Furthermore, this system carries out the separation of the organs by means of a generic criterion based on gravitropism. The validation of the image processing algorithms of the vision system use original ways (numerical simulation and test of the influence of the uncertainty through agronomic simulation). Thermographic imaging, which captures the passive heat radiation of objects, allows us to visualize and to measure seeds and seedlings in the darkness. It also allows realizing the segmentation and the tracking of the organs of seedlings. This imaging technology also allowed us to demonstrate the feasibility of a non-destructive determination of sugar quantity in organs of beet seedlings. We then propose a generic methodology that allows the conception of spectrally optimized low-cost sensors, according to determined application tasks. This methodology uses information theory, to extract from, relatively expensive, hyperspectral imaging, the information needed for the conception of the dedicated low-cost sensors. The interest of this methodology for plant phenotyping has been shown and justifies its transfer to the world of research in plant biology
Chenu, Karine. "Variabilité phénotypique de l'architecture de la rosette d'Arabidopsis thaliana en réponse au rayonnement : analyse et modélisation de la réponde de différents génotypes." Montpellier, ENSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENSA0014.
Full textPlant development is highly plastic in response to light conditions. In this study, we have investigated how plant architecture is modified by a reduction in incident light in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we have compared how organogenesis and morphogenesis responses to incident light vary among genotypes and proposed a functionnal-structural model of leaf development that responds to temperature and light. Plants of eight genotypes were grown in a growth chamber under various levels of incident light, characterized in term of spectral and directional components. The amount of light absorbed by the plants was estimated using 3D virtual plants and a radiative balance model. A reduction in incident light decreased leaf area and changed petiole and leaf morphology, without affecting the phyllotaxy and the leaf number. The leaf area reduction resulted from antagonist effects on leaf development processes, namely a decrease in the phytomer initiation rate and in the initial leaf expansion rate, and an increase in the duration of leaf expansion. The two former variables were quantitatively related to the amount of light absorbed by the plant whereas the latter to the light intensity. These relationships were used to compare the genotype responses to incident light. A broad range of responses was observed among genotypes for leaf initiation rate and the duration of leaf expansion. In contrast, the initial expansion rate varied among genotypes but its response to light was stable. The analysis framework established was also used to build a model of simulation that estimates leaf expansion at given temperature and irradiance. To conclude, plants respond in an integrated manner to reduced incident light in such a way to optimise light interception. The relationships identified are proposed as a possible way to analyse phenotypic plasticity of various genotypes of Arabidopsis
Atlan, Anne. "Sexe et hérédité maternelle : évolution de la stérilité-mâle chez Thymus vulgaris L." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20205.
Full textVasseur, Francois. "Réponses intégrées des plantes aux contraintes hydriques et thermiques : du gène au phénotype chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSAM0039/document.
Full textThe mechanisms of plant adaptation and evolution are difficult to investigate since environmental constraints have interactive effects on plant phenotypes. Such study requires an integrated approach about the coordination, at different organizational levels, of the plant phenotypic responses to multiple environmental cues. Using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we assessed the genetic bases of the integrated responses to two major abiotic constraints that strongly interact in the field: water availability and high temperature. Using powerful tools for the analysis of the phenotype, a large range of traits was measured in many genotypes that differ in their plasticity. We focused on the traits related to plant growth and life history, leaf structure and morphology, and to the acquisition and conservation of resources, specifically water and carbon. After a description of the phenotypic responses and their genetic architecture, the ecological and evolutionary consequences of these responses were evaluated. Specifically, we examined the variations in the functional strategies that are highlighted by phenotypic and genetic covariations. Moreover, the processes responsible of the observed phenotypic responses to environmental constraints were investigated. Strong genetic variability associated to particular genomic regions was identified. Such loci have presumably important influence on the mechanisms of plant adaption to fluctuating environments. Some of these genomic regions have a strong effect on plant performance in stressing conditions, and therefore offer promising avenues for crop improvement facing current global climate change
Madani, Ikram. "Plasticité du système racinaire du blé en condition de carence en N, P ou K révélée par développement d'une méthodologie de phénotypage intégrant les poils absorbants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG059.
Full textLow macroelement availability in most cultivated soils severely limits crop yields in the absence of fertilization. A better understanding of the adaptation of root systems to nutrient-poor soils, and the exploitation of existing genetic diversity in this field, between species and/or varieties, are likely to contribute to the development of new cultivars and new agronomic practices allowing to limit costly and environmentally polluting chemical fertilization inputs. The architecture of the root system and the production of root hairs at the root-soil interface are major determinants of the capacity of the root system to explore the soil and take up nutrient ions. To date, no methodology has been available to phenotype root hairs in a root system considered entirely. In this thesis, I developed a methodology for global, integrative phenotyping of root systems, including root hairs. An original rhizobox-type device was developed, allowing to acquire high resolution images, for which I developed a computerized analysis procedure associating the free software Ilastik for image segmentation, and the softwares WinRHIZOTM and ImageJ for the analysis of global traits characterizing the root development. After validation of the methodology, the root systems of two wheat genotypes, a cultivated emmer wheat cultivar (T.t. dicoccum, cv Escandia), ancestor of durum wheat, and a landrace of durum wheat (T.t. durum, cv Oued Zenati) were compared with each other and with respect to their response to low phosphate (P), nitrogen (N) or potassium (K) availability. In 15-day-old seedlings (roots ca. 30 cm long), N, P or K deficiencies differentially affected plant growth (biomass allocation between roots and leaves, and preferential development of the root system). All three deficiencies were found to result in an increase in the total surface area of the root system, resulting primarily from an increase in the total surface area of root hairs over the entire root system (reflecting an increase in the density and/or length of hairs over the entire system). The rate of increase in total absorptive root hair area was variable between the two varieties and among limiting elements, stronger under N deficiency conditions in the emmer wheat, and P deficiency in the landrace. All the root responses analyzed, including or not the root hairs, revealed a greater developmental plasticity in response to nutrient deficiency in the ancestral variety. A perspective opened by this work would be to compare this plasticity in different wheat varieties recapitulating the domestication and improvement of this species. I also show that the methodology I have developed can be used to phenotype root responses to biotic conditions (presence of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria)
Vilcot, Beate. "Transformation génétique d'Arabidopsis thaliana L. Par Agrobacterium tumefaciens et étude d'un mutant à phénotype Boule." Amiens, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AMIE0101.
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