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1
Pirlik, Galina Petrovna, and Diana Borisovna Bogoyavlenskaya. "Creativity as a Way to Overcome Uncertainty." Психолог, no. 4 (April 2022): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8701.2022.4.38724.
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Creativity is seen as a way to overcome uncertainty - an integral feature of the modern world on the way to its knowledge. The attitude towards uncertainty is one of the personality traits, the versatility of the phenomenology of which determines the interdisciplinary status of the problem. Overcoming uncertainty by cognition, the creation of a new one, the courage of creativity become milestones of modernity and need scientific justification and reflection. The results of a study of the peculiarities of the attitude towards uncertainty of people capable of creativity, and people with different levels of intelligence, whose activities are externally stimulated, where cognitive motivation is not leading, are presented. Statistically significant differences were revealed between groups of people with different levels of performance according to the "Creative Field" method in terms of uncertainty tolerance tests. People who have shown the ability to be creative are significantly more tolerant of uncertainty, prefer the new to the familiar, as well as complex tasks compared to people of the stimulus-productive level. They are not limited to the perceived reality, they do not stop at uncertainty and the unknown, but, driven by a cognitive need, they are aimed at an in-depth understanding of the situation, due to which they advance in the knowledge and awareness of reality. People who can only solve the set tasks are helpless in the face of a situation of uncertainty. Achievement motivation limits the development of the thinking process even in the presence of high mental abilities, as well as a low level of intelligence development, i.e. lack of educational resources. This affects the negative perception of the situation of uncertainty and the inability to cope with it. The development of activity on one's own initiative as a unit of creativity is thus the way that allows one to overcome situations of uncertainty. Such people, despite the uncertainty, are able to continue their activities, to delve into the situation. Cognitive motivation helps to follow the path of cognition in new, complex, contradictory and unpredictable situations. The study of creativity as a way to overcome uncertainty reveals the mechanism of pre-adaptation.
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Kabrin, Valery I. "Communicative Psychosemantics of Cognitive-Noetic Development of the Personality." Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 85 (2022): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267080/85/3.
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A comprehensive analysis and description was conducted of communicative psychosemantics as a universal basis for constructing a structural-dynamic model of the cognitive-noetic potential for the development of a professional personality in the modern educational process. The study used the main humanities communicative sense-forming processes of qualitative methods: hermeneutics, phenomenology, content analysis and experimental psychosemantics. It was found that the relevance of these methods depends on if they take into account authentic communicative factors. For hermeneutic understanding, these are universal factors of contradictions in the communicative situation due to the doubling of mismatched expectations and ideas among partners: on the one hand, about the subject and their linguistic representations; on the other hand, about each other and how each portrays themself. For phenomenological immersion in directly conscious experiences, this is a communicative moment of meeting with the other, the unknown, which gives rise to an ambivalent stress-transformation. It is they who actualize the intuitive-creative cycle of peak experiences: catharsis - imprinting -ecstasy - insight. Content analysis takes into account specific communicative contexts, but needs psychosemantic contextual markers. We created “Communicative psychosemantics” to integrate all high-quality meaning-oriented research methods based on the sociability of the mental and spiritual life of a person in line with the structural-dynamic model of the cognitive-noetic potential of personality development. The intentional dynamic vector of the model is presented as a cumulative cycle of integration of qualitative psychological modalities: motivation - perception - imagination - emotion. The transcendental structural-level vector of communicative psychosemantics is represented by holarchic levels: value-semantic formations - problematic conceptual target solutions - constructive compositional objectivism -archetypal symbolic expressive incarnations. This structural-dynamic model of communicative psychosemantics is translated into an equivalent model of 16 basic positional strategies of the educational process, focused on the cognitive-noetic development of a person's professional and personal potential.
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Hatesh, Hiralal, Bharat Kumar Maheshwari, Syed Qararo Shah, and Dileep Kumar. "Males’ perception and motivation for Vasectomy." Pakistan Journal of Public Health 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v10i4.608.
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Background: The population of Pakistan has increased from 34.0 million in 1951 to 220 million in 2020 making it the 6th most populous country. Vasectomy is the least accepted contraceptive method in Pakistan. The objective of the study was to explore the perception and motivation of males towards vasectomy. Methods: This qualitative study with phenomenology design was conducted at the Family Planning Center of JPMC, Karachi. The ultimate sample size was five. Males of age > 30 years, having at least one alive child were included. Informed consent was taken. Open-ended questions regarding concepts of family planning (vasectomy) religious and its social implications were asked. The interviews were transcribed and double-checked. Coding of the data was done and themes and subthemes were generated. Results: The age ranged from 32 to 45 years. Only one participant was a graduate. The participants were well motivated for vasectomy having a clear concept of its impact on family life and quality of the sexual relationship. With an idea of two children (a boy and a girl); they were of the view that more children will compromise their capability of giving children a better life. They believed vasectomy is forbidden in religion, yet they opt for it keeping the comfort of children upfront. They believed that male vasectomy is a better option than female tubal ligation. Conclusions: Vasectomy was regarded as a benign procedure and well accepted by the study participants. They were clear about its impact on life.
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Bar, Roi. "The Forgotten Phenomenology: “Enactive Perception” in the Eyes of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty." Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 28, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2020.928.
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Phenomenology is not dead yet, at least not from the viewpoint of the “phenomenology-friendly”approach to the mind that has recently emerged in cognitive science: the “enactive approach” or “enactivism.” This approach takes the mental capacities, such as perception, consciousness and cognition, to be the result of the interaction between the brain, the body and the environment. In this, it offers an alternative to reductionist explanations of the mental in terms of brain activities, like cognitivism, especially computationalism, while overcoming the Cartesian dualism mind-world. What makes this approach so fruitful for a renewed philosophical consideration is its ongoing reference to Husserl’s and Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenologies. It was said to be “consistent with Husserl and Merleau-Ponty on virtually every point,” to be the “revival” of phenomenology, even a “Kuhnian revolution.” Evan Thompson argues that this approach “uses phenomenology to explicate mind science and mind science to explicate phenomenology. Concepts such as lived body, organism, bodily selfhood and autonomous agency, the intentional arc and dynamic sensorimotor dependencies, can thus become mutually illuminating rather than merely correlational concepts.” The phenomenological works seem to strike a chord with the enactive theorists. Are we witnessing the dawn of “The new Science of the Mind”?
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Zilio, Federico. "The Body Surpassed Towards the World and Perception Surpassed Towards Action: A Comparison between Enactivism and Sartre’s Phenomenology." Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 28, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2020.927.
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Enactivism maintains that the mind is not produced and localized inside the head but is distributed along and through brain-body-environment interactions. This idea of an intrinsic relationship between the agent and the world derives from the classical phenomenological investigations of the body (Merleau-Ponty in particular). This paper discusses similarities and differences between enactivism and Jean-Paul Sartre’s phenomenology, which is not usually considered as a paradigmatic example of the relationship between phenomenological investigations and enactivism (or 4E theories in general). After a preliminary analysis of the three principal varieties of enactivism (sensorimotor, autopoietic and radical), I will present Sartre’s account of the body, addressing some key points that can be related to the current enactivist positions: perception-action unity, anti-representationalism, anti-internalism, organism-environment interaction, and sense-making cognition. Despite some basic similarities, enactivism and Sartre’s phenomenology move in different directions as to how these concepts are developed. Nevertheless, I will suggest that Sartre’s phenomenology is useful to the enactivist approaches to provide a broader and more complete analysis of consciousness and cognition, by developing a pluralist account of corporeality, enriching the investigation of the organism-environment coupling through an existentialist perspective, and reincluding the concept of subjectivity without the hypostatisation of an I-subject detached from body and world.
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Freeman, Walter J. "The behavior-cognition link is well done; the cognition-brain link needs more work." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 1 (February 2001): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01273919.
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Thelen et al. have a strong case for linking behavior with mind through nonrepresentational dynamics. Their case linking mind with brain is less compelling. Modified avenues are proposed for further exploration: greater emphasis on the dynamics of perception; use of chaotic instead of deterministic dynamics with noise; and use of intentionality instead of motivation, taking advantage of its creative dynamics to model genesis of goal-directed behaviors.
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Yan, Jun. "The impact of entrepreneurial personality traits on perception of new venture opportunity." New England Journal of Entrepreneurship 13, no. 2 (March 1, 2010): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/neje-13-02-2010-b002.
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This empirical study examined links between entrepreneurial personality traits and perception of new venture opportunity in a sample of 207 respondents. Four entrepreneurial personality traits were included to predict respondents℉ perception of new venture opportunity. They are (1) achievement motivation, (2) locus of control, (3) risk propensity, and (4) proactivity.The results of multiple regression analysis show that three of the four entrepreneurial personality traits‐locus of control, risk propensity, and proactivity‐related significantly to perception of new venture opportunity in expected directions. Among the three personality traits, proactivity was found to have the strongest influence over entrepreneurial perception. No significant relationship was found between achievement motivation and perception of new venture opportunity. Among six control variables, only work experience was found to influence perception of new venture opportunity. This study explored links between entrepreneurial personalities and cognition and its results suggest that a combination of trait and cognition approaches contributes to a better understanding of entrepreneurial decision-making process. Both theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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Vučetić, Aleksa. "Managerial perception of employees in travel agencies in Montenegro." Tourism and hospitality management 18, no. 1 (June 2012): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.18.1.9.
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Many developing countries strive, through stimulating employment policy in tourism sector, to ensure the new opportunities for development. Specificity of perception of managers in that respect is influenced by a lot of factors, from personal characteristic of managers, internal forces of travel agencies, migrations and performance of workforce, and business cycle of a travel agency. It is also very important that managers do not prefer the „hard“ to „soft“ approach in human resource management, because that would demotivate human resources in the long run, and thereby jeopardize the competitive advantages of travel agencies. The basic aims of the research are to find dominant type of manager`s approach in human resource management, and manager`s motivation tchniques in travel agencies in Montenegro. General scientific methods of cognition, observation, surveying and the statistical method are used in the paper, and as regards special scientific methods of cognition, the methods of abstraction and concretization are used. The basic hypothesis in the research is that, managers in travel agencies in Montengro, favorable „soft“ approach in human resource management, and non-matherial tehniques of human resource motivation. Research finding is that with combined motivation techniques of human resource motivation (material and non-material), managers could provide more significantly business results than they are nowadays in travel agencies in Montenegro.
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Hay, Ian. "Motivation, Self-Perception and Gifted Students." Gifted Education International 9, no. 1 (January 1993): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142949300900104.
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This review looks at the role of motivation and self-perception (self-esteem and self-concept) for children identified as gifted and talented. The aim is to first discuss some of the research findings and their implication for gifted and talented students. The second aim is to include some suggestions parents and teachers can consider to assist the development of positive motivation and self-perception within gifted and talented students. The paper argues that self-perception and motivation are improved when students work on tasks that have personal meaning, purpose and choice, in a learning environment that is orientated towards higher level thinking, problem solving and decision making. The non-cognitive variables of motivation and self-perception are significant issues in understanding the development of gifted and talented children as these affective variables help to explain why only some of the children with high ability are successful in achieving their potential. The historic trend in education and psychology has been to isolate the affective and cognitive variables that influence children's development, placing affect with personality and cognition with learning and memory (Beane, 1986; Wylie, 1987). Increasingly researchers and practitioners are now recognizing that the affective, non-cognitive variables associated with education are significant in influencing the outcome of learning and in understanding how children approach and master learning tasks (Ames, 1984, 1986; Bandura, 1986; Bloom, 1976; Delisle & Renzulli, 1982; Dweck, 1986; Hattie, 1992; Heckhausen, 1987; Markus & Wurf, 1987; McCombs, 1988; Sternberg, 1982; Vygotsky, 1978; Wittrock, 1988).
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Bouyer, Gilbert Cardoso. "[NO TITLE AVAILABLE]." Trans/Form/Ação 37, no. 1 (April 2014): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31732014000100006.
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The main purpose of this paper is to amplify the current theoretical scenario of "Mental Health and Work" area, according to the Henri Bergson's philosophy and his concepts of perception, cognition, duration, psychic life, time and subjectivity. This theoretical-philosophical article aims to shed new light on the relations between philosophy of mind and present-day efforts toward a scientific theory of cognition, with its complex structure of theories, hypotheses and disciplines. There is in this paper a new approach to understand the contemporary cognitive sciences in a kind of phenomenological investigation initiated by Husserl's phenomenology. The methods employed were the systematic review and adaptation of Bergson's concepts, and its naturalization in the actual context of epistemological and ontological principles of cognitive sciences, to phenomenological analysis of "work-mental health" links. The current contributions of the Husserl's Phenomenology were used to understand the relations between mental health and work. There are also references to philosophy applied in contemporary cognitive sciences based on Bergson's theoretic-philosophical proposal.
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Ziganshina, Madina. "Introducing a painter's opinion into the discussion about visual perception and painting." Aesthetic Investigations 2, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.58519/aesthinv.v2i1.11980.
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The artistic vision and artistic painting have been a topic of numerous discussions in phenomenology and neurosciences. I will try to introduce the painter´s opinion, which I have gained through practice, into the discussion. I’ll be aiming at: distinguishing the painting experience from the painting observation experience; distinguishing vision from cognition; and the manifestation of the visible on the canvas. I also propose the possibility of gaining a dignifying awareness of the self and of the perception through the painting, for both the painter and the observer.
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Noel-Bentley, Suzanne, and Grant Gillett. "Philosophy and Aesthetics Inform Science: illuminating the complex dynamics of seeing." Aesthetic Investigations 2, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.58519/aesthinv.v2i1.11985.
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Aesthetic responsivity and the phenomenology of arts processes reflect integrative self-world engagements, and are informative about the nature of the world and our biology in ways that are often not be made evident through scientific research. Akins’ and Hahn’s research regarding human trichromatic visual perception brings together the art of photography, neuroscience, and psychophysics, along with analyses of perspectives on vision in science and philosophy, to invoke anti-reductive, holistic understandings of how we see colour. We bring aesthetics and the phenomenology of arts processes to bear in exploring creaturely re-sponsivity to the complex inter-relational dynamics of light perception, and o˙er reflective metaphors for human engagements that challenge Darwinian utilitarian conceptions. We argue that attending to aesthetic and phenomenological aspects of experiences is essential to understanding how the shared circuits of cognition and sensory-motor engagement shape our perceptive responsive interactions.
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Sodeika, Tomas. "Martin Heidegger’s Phenomenology of Boredom and Zen Practice." Dialogue and Universalism 30, no. 3 (2020): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du202030343.
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In this article, Martin Heidegger’s phenomenology of boredom is compared with some aspects of Zen practice. Heidegger is primarily interested in boredom as a “fundamental mood,” which takes us beyond the opposition of the subject and object. Thus, boredom reveals the existence more initially than those forms of cognition that are the basis of classical philosophy and special sciences. As an essential feature of the experience of boredom, Heidegger singles out that being in this state we feel that our attention is held by something in which we find nothing but emptiness. In the article, this emptiness is compared with the Buddhist concept of shunyata, and various forms of experiencing boredom are paralleled with the different types of concentration achieved in Zen practice (samadhi). Besides, the question is discussed how the Buddhist perception of emptiness corresponds to Heidegger’s “openness.”
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Allen, Andrew P., and Lynda Loughnane. "Cognition about the creative process – Interview with Dr Andrew P. Allen." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 12, no. 4 (November 18, 2016): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i4.1323.
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What is the relationship between the creative process and cognition and perception? Lynda Loughnane, a master’s student in Art and Process in Crawford College of Art and Design, Cork, Ireland interviewed Dr Andrew P. Allen about the subject. Areas covered include mindfulness, Type 1 and Type 2 thinking, stage theories of creativity, engagement with the art process and the artwork, phenomenology and consciousness with and without self report. The interview was constructed to cover a wide range of subject matter, so as to gather as much information as possible in layman's language about the cognitive process in relation to creativity and interaction with art.
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Shiyan, Anna. "V. E. Sesemanʼs Transcendentalism: from Epistemology to Ontology." Studies in Transcendental Philosophy 2, no. 3 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s271326680018216-7.
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The article examines the theory of knowledge of the Russian philosopher of the XXth century V. E. Sesemann and his understanding of reality. The author emphasizes that in the field of epistemology, Sesemann, being influenced by E. Husserlʼs phenomenology, first of all, answers the question of the possibility of cognition of the reality of the surrounding world and the special role of perception in this process. However, unlike Husserl, Sesemann is convinced that true knowledge is achievable not only in relation to the things of the world, but also in relation to their relationships and interrelations, which are seen in a special kind of intuition – a conceptual intuition. Seseman believes that the cognition of the surrounding world depends not only on the cognizing subject, but also on the objectivity itself, which may not always be accessible to cognition. The article pays close attention to Sesemannʼs understanding of reality as the reality of becoming, one of the types of which is movement. In this case, Sesemann argues, it is impossible to create a unified picture of the world, and our knowledge can only be probabilistic. The author examines the epistemological and ontological views of Seseman in the context of his time, comparing them with the main trends of philosophy of the XXth century, primarily with phenomenology and neo-Kantianism.
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Segovia Nieto, Laura Milena, and Andrés Fernando Ramírez Velandia. "Empathy from a “4E cognition” perspective: the problem of lynching." Adaptive Behavior 27, no. 1 (December 7, 2018): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059712318811900.
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Discussions about intersubjectivity can be traced back to philosophical discussions of the 19th century. In recent years, disciplines such as neuroscience, social cognition, and phenomenology have discussed “empathy” in terms of the ability for human connection. More recently, researchers are discussing the definition of empathy, especially the relationship between empathy and the motivation to seek another’s well-being. In this discussion, psychological theories conceived empathy as a factor of prosocial behavior. Other researchers such as Bloom consider empathy as an unfit moral guide, while yet others attempt to remove the caring condition from the equation of empathy. In this article, we aim to contribute to the discussion on empathy discussions by analyzing lynching, a form of collective violence sometimes seen in the South American context. We suggest that lynching, as well as other phenomena of collective violence, presents specific challenges for the conceptualization of empathy, and that those challenges could be tackled from the perspective of “4E cognition.”
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Epaneshnikov, A., and S. Lipatova. "Features of Labor Motivation Staff of the Machine-Building Organization." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 9, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2305-7807-2020-61-64.
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This article discusses the motivation of workers of a machinebuilding organization. The theoretical aspects of motivation developed by various foreign and domestic authors are presented. It should be noted that many theoretical aspects of staff motivation remain controversial, the proposed recommendations are often not interconnected. There is also no analysis of the patterns of interaction of labor motivation and staff incentives in the organization. The study of labor motivation on the basis of substantive, procedural and sociopsychological theories. To study labor motivation in a machinebuilding organization, we selected the following methods: A. Maslow and D. McCleland; techniques based on models of human behavior, taking into account his cognition and perception; test “Group Attractiveness”.
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Dymek, Anne. "Perception, Dreams, Films: Iconicity and Indexicality in Peirce's Theory of Perception." Recherches sémiotiques 33, no. 1-2-3 (February 22, 2016): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035283ar.
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Chronologically speaking, Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914) could have mentioned the technique of film in the context of his phenomenological, or as he called them, phaneroscopic theories. But when he compared the human percepts to “moving pictures accompanied by sounds and feelings” in 1905 (MS 939 : 24), Peirce did not speak of the cinema. However, his investigations in the fields of cognition and phenomenology show relevant intersections with major concepts and problems of filmic perception theory. The present article aspires to investigate Peircian philosophy and film theory through some of their common concepts. The question will be raised as to whether the filmic viewing situation can be understood as a genuine perceptual situation in the Peircian sense. In a first step, I will give an analysis of Peirce’s theory of perception. In contrast to the majority of interpretations of the latter, which emphasize its iconic character, I shall argue for a perceptual process where iconicity is not the starting point but rather the outcome of it. This will imply an analysis of the roles of iconicity and indexicality in perception and of their relation to cinema’s “impression of reality”. Despite the phenomenological realism of cinematic images, the nature of what the viewer actually perceives is not as obvious as one might be tempted to think. Finally, an interpretation of filmic images as “diagrams of perception” will open up to some pedagogical dimensions of film viewing.
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Asharani, P. V., Jue Hua Lau, Vanessa Ai Ling Seet, Fiona Devi, Peizhi Wang, Kumarasan Roystonn, Ying Ying Lee, et al. "Smoking-Related Health Beliefs in a Sample of Psychiatric Patients: Factors Associated with the Health Beliefs and Validation of the Health Belief Questionnaire." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041571.
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This study examined the (a) health beliefs and emotions (perception of risk, benefits, severity, and worry) about smoking among current and former smokers, (b) their awareness of health warnings, (c) factors associated with smoking-related health beliefs, and (d) the factor structure of the health belief questionnaire. Participants (n = 184) were recruited from a tertiary psychiatric care hospital. Current smokers showed a significantly higher risk perception and lower perceived benefits compared to former smokers. Younger age (<40 years), nicotine dependence (ND), a history of smoking-related diseases (SRD), and intention to quit were significantly associated with a higher risk perception in current smokers. Younger age, a history of SRDs, and motivation to quit were positively associated with health beliefs, while the latter two were associated with worry. Motivation and younger age were associated with a better perception of benefits and severity. Information on the cigarette packets was the major source of awareness for the sample, and 69% reported that existing campaigns were not effective in discouraging their smoking. Personalized risk communication and educational initiatives must focus on improving the knowledge of risk, benefits, and increase motivation to promote health cognition and thus smoking cessation.
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Molan, Marija, and Gregor Molan. "BFS Human Behaviour Model for Traffic Safety." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 23, no. 3 (June 28, 2011): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i3.124.
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The Butterfly Flower Shower (BFS) Human Behaviour Model describes human behaviour in each demanding, possible accidental situation. The BFS human behaviour model is presented for a traffic situation. The key elements (perception, cognition, reaction) of the human behaviour are identified. Also possible limitations and errors in all elements of human behaviour are presented. The model is presented as the butterfly on the flower under the shower of interventions. The flower is environment describing traffic infrastructure composed of the environment, technology and organization. The body of the butterfly is human cognition with personality and motivation. The left wing of the butterfly is the driver’s perception. The right wing of the butterfly is the driver’s reaction. The butterfly presents the driver, the flower presents the road – the traffic infrastructure and the shower presents the shower of humanization interventions into the traffic infrastructure and into the driver. The drops from the shower are related to identified limitations in the traffic infrastructure and to the driver. They are focused on the improvements of perception, cognition and reaction abilities of the driver also with investments into the traffic infrastructure.
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Sparby, Terje. "Body, Soul, and Spirit: An Explorative Qualitative Study of Anthroposophic Meditation and Spiritual Practice." Religions 11, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11060314.
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This article presents the results of a qualitative study of Anthroposophic meditation, which arose in the German-speaking world in the early 20th Century focusing on cognition, self-development, and pro-social action. The objective was to explore this previously unstudied form of meditation. The current sample (N = 30) consists of long-term practitioners of Anthroposophic meditation. Semi-structured interviews, focusing on demographics, background, and phenomenology and interpretation, were conducted with these practitioners. The material gathered was investigated using thematic analysis. Seven main themes were found: Self, cognition, perception, affect, sleep, embodiment, and environment, and, among these, 32 subthemes. Potential avenues for further research are outlined. Some of these overlap with current approaches to meditation while others represent new areas of inquiry: Personal development with a focus on strengthening the self, introspection or contemplative inquiry, sensed presences, the experience of phenomenological atmospheres, consciousness in the sleep state, embodied aspects of meditation experience, the relationship between practice and daily life, and meditation challenges.
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Hewetson, Ronelle, Petrea Cornwell, and David H. K. Shum. "Relationship and Social Network Change in People With Impaired Social Cognition Post Right Hemisphere Stroke." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 30, no. 2S (April 16, 2021): 962–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00047.
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Purpose This article investigated relationship and social network change in the presence of a social cognition impairment post right hemisphere (RH) stroke. Impaired emotion perception and inferential reasoning are sources of interpersonal difficulty in people with social cognition impairment after traumatic brain injury. People with an RH stroke have also been identified as vulnerable to interpersonal relationship change. However, the influence of impairments in particular domains of communication or cognition on relationship and social network maintenance is yet to be explored. Method A multiple-case study methodology allowed for testing of theoretically developed propositions by exploring social networks and relationships within and between seven participant–proxy dyads. Purposeful recruitment was based on first-onset RH stroke and impaired social cognition, as determined by The Awareness of Social Inference Test. Results Social network size reduction (71.4%, n = 5) and interpersonal relationship change (85.7%, n = 6) were attributed to altered communication style, impairments in social cognition, and reduced insight and/or motivation. The spouse emerged as a facilitator of social engagement. Conclusion This study contributes to our understanding of the challenges experienced by people with impaired social cognition post RH stroke in maintaining relationships and their social networks.
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Permana, Lies, Yayi Suryo Prabandari, and Ari Natalia Probandari. "College Students' Perception of Cardiovascular Disease in Yogyakarta." Jurnal PROMKES 10, no. 2 (September 15, 2022): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v10.i2.2022.144-156.
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Background: Cardiovascular disease has been found in young people because of the unhealthy lifestyle that is lived by many younger people. Packed activities, social life, and students’ assiduity affect their lifestyle. Each student lives a different lifestyle depending on their motivation, therefore it’s necessary to do research in order to investigate students’ lifestyles, consist of smoking behavior, eating behavior, and physical activity, using the Protection Motivation Theory, which consists of perceived vulnerability and severity of cardiovascular disease, response efficacy, and self-efficacy of healthy behavior. This research aimed to ascertain students’ healthy lifestyle as protection against cardiovascular disease. Methods: The research was done using the qualitative method with a phenomenology approach. The data were gathered by doing comprehensive interviews with 14 informants in a purposive way with maximum variation sampling, at four universities in Yogyakarta Province. The research was conducted from May to July 2015. Results: The results indicated that students have yet lived healthily due to some common habits such as smoking, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, and other discoveries such as coffee and alcohol consumption. The attempt of protection against cardiovascular disease wasn’t habitually done yet by students because of their young age and their customary thought that cardiovascular disease mostly happens to elderly people. Students haven’t been aware yet that they are not resistant to cardiovascular disease. One of the reasons was how insufficient the student’s awareness was when it comes to cardiovascular disease. Their perception of the disease severity was adequate due to the fact that they have seen directly the consequences that were caused by cardiovascular disease. The students’ response efficacy and self-efficacy in doing a healthy lifestyle were also considered low because the access to make a healthy lifestyle was still less. Conclusion: The student's awareness of the cardiovascular disease was still low. Among the four parts of Protection Motivation Theory, the part on severity perception was quite decent due to the fact that they had seen directly the consequences that were caused by cardiovascular disease. Each university needs to provide health care services in order to promote a healthy lifestyle, particularly among students.
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Sharma, Ravi, Shrishti Jagtap, and Prakash Rao. "Impressions of Coastal Communities on Climate Change and Livelihood: A Case Study of Coastal Maharashtra, India." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i02.013.
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The socio-economic and institutional systems of a developing country like India have a big role in the effects of perception on the choice of adapting capability. The study uses exploratory factor analysis to better understand these implications in a regional context (EFA). Therefore, survey research is carried out in Sindhudurg district of coastal Maharashtra, with 410 respondents, assessing perception. EFA leads to the unpacking of latent constructs evaluating the perception of climate change, which in turn affects adaptive capacity and livelihood resilience. These constructs are biophysical impact cognition, motivation to change, economic diversification, and adaptive skills, which together account for 50% of coastal fishermen’s perception of climate change. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed differences in the interpretation of these factors among coastal fishermen from various backgrounds (MANOVA). Overall, the research emphasizes the importance of perception in determining adaptive choices and resilience. According to the findings, developing adaptation-friendly infrastructural areas is recommended for society’s resilient functioning.
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Ilieva, Irena P., and Martha J. Farah. "Attention, Motivation, and Study Habits in Users of Unprescribed ADHD Medication." Journal of Attention Disorders 23, no. 2 (August 19, 2015): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715591849.
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Objective: Despite the limited effectiveness of ADHD medications on healthy cognition, prescription stimulants’ cognitive enhancement use is increasing. This article examines enhancement users’ attention, motivation, and study habits. Method: A total of 61 users of unprescribed stimulants and 67 controls (no history of prescription stimulant use) completed tests of objectively measured and subjectively reported attention. Self-reports on study habits, as well as motivation during laboratory attention testing, were also administered. Results: Our data replicated previous findings of relatively lower self-reported attention functioning in users. Extending past research, we showed that user-control differences in attention were still present but less pronounced on objective measures than on self-report. In addition, we obtained evidence of lower motivation during cognitive testing and less optimal study habits among users, as compared with their non-using peers. Conclusion: Unprescribed stimulant use is more strongly related to compromised study habits, low motivation, and a subjective perception of attention problems than to objective attention performance.
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Minyaycheva, M., K. Kiselnikova, and O. Papsuev. "Battery of scales for comprehensive assessment of social cognition, neurocognition and motivation in patients with schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S581—S582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2158.
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IntroductionThere has been a special interest in roles of neurocognition, social cognition and motivation impairments in patients with schizophrenia and possible approaches to remediating these deficits. Clinical practice lacks a comprehensive tool to measure those deficits.ObjectiveTo build a comprehensive assessment battery to measure neurocognitive, social cognitive and motivational deficits in order to form targets for remediation programs and assess their efficiency.AimsTranslation and adaptation for Russian speaking subjects (if needed) of identified assessments upon authors’ agreement.MethodsBy consensus decision of 5 professionals in the field of clinical psychiatry, psychology and neuroscience a number of assessments were selected with the following criteria: 1. Relevance to domain assessed, 2. Appropriateness for Russian social context, 3. Reference rates in scientific papers, 4. Time consumed by each assessment.ResultsSix measures reflecting main domains (neurocognition, Theory of Mind, attributional style, social perception, emotion processing, motivation) were selected: 1. BACS (Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia) (R.S. Keefe et al., 2008), 2. Hinting Task (R. Corcoran 1995), 3. AIHQ (Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire) (D.R. Combs et al., 2007), 4. RAD–15 (Relationships Across Domains) (M. Sergi et al., 2004), 5. Ekman–60 (P. Ekman et al., 1976), 6. AES (Apathy Evaluation Scale) (R.S. Marin et al., 1991).ConclusionsThe battery built encompasses all targeted domains of neurocognition, social cognition and motivation. Time consumed by the battery estimates 130 ± 15 minutes, which is appropriate for clinical practice in a rehabilitation centre. Future research will focus on patients profiling and shaping of rehabilitation programs accordingly.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Bhide, Arpana, Sharan Singh, K. Pujitha, and P. Vani. "A study of impact of flipped classroom on student educational experience in comparison with didactic lecture in topics classified based on Bloom’s taxonomy." Biomedicine 42, no. 1 (March 5, 2022): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i1.660.
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Introduction and Aim: Flipped classroom (FCR) is a student-centred approach that encourages active participation from students and studies measuring student performance or perception in FCR relative to DL (didactic lecture) have shown mixed results. In this study, we classified topics into two levels of cognition based on Bloom’s taxonomy and compared the impact of FCR and DL on student performance and perception in two different levels of cognition. Materials and Methods: In Department of Physiology, SVIMS, SPMC(W), two DL classes were conducted for two levels (level 1 and level 2) of topics and two FCR sessions were conducted for two levels of topics for 175 MBBS students of 1st year. Student performance and perception were compared between DL and FCR . Results: Student performance was significantly better with FCR method at level 2 (4.69±2.09 and 5.05±2.09, p= 0.05) with no significant difference in scores at level 1(p=0.313). Overall score comparison showed that student performance was significantly better with FCR (p<0.001).Majority of the students felt FCR more suitable for level 1 topics and DL to be more suitable for level 2 topics for ease of understanding. In general, students expressed positive attitude towards FCR in terms of better interaction, student teacher relationship and motivation to learn. Conclusion: Student performance was better with FCR in level 2 topics. Student perception does not necessarily equate to what approach is best for student learning. The results of this study stress the need for faculty to plan a curriculum which includes different teaching learning methods decided based on the level of cognition.
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Di Tore, Stefano, Paola Aiello, Pio Alfredo Di Tore, and Maurizio Sibilio. "Can I Consider the Pong Racket as a Part of My Body?" International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence 3, no. 2 (April 2012): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdldc.2012040104.
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Up to which point can people consider as part of their body the Pong racket, or an avatar on the screen, on which do people exert direct motor control as well? When individuals move in a virtual environment, do the proprioceptors convey information about the location of which body? In which environment? How will the information contaminate each other? How does the temperature felt on the real environment influence the interaction in the virtual environment? This paper is not intended to answer these questions, it is rather intended to raise fundamental questions of perception and phenomenology in a digital context in which bodies “are not born; they are made” (Haraway, 1991). The work should act as a positio quaestionis, with the aim of affirming the urgent need for a necessarily interdisciplinary reflection on the overall design of the body - perception - cognition - technology perimeter; it also identifies in the Berthoz simplexity and Ginzburg evidential paradigms, and in the Hansen concept of mixed reality, the building blocks of a theoretical framework aimed to the solution of these questions.
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Kang, Eunki, and Eun Joo Park. "Phenomenological Transparency through Depth of “Inside/Outside” for a Sustainable Architectural Environment." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2021): 9046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169046.
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The potential relationship between external and internal spaces in the architectural environment of the post-pandemic era is emerging as an essential issue. Since the early 20th century, the issue of transparency inside and outside architecture has been explored in various fields. This study is motivated by the lack of a leading theory about architectural transparency in the post-pandemic era. First, it revisits the notion of phenomenal transparency in Colin Rowe and Robert Slutzky’s influential text on “literal” and “phenomenal” transparency. Next, it investigates Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology for architectural transparency. Last, it scrutinizes practical possibilities using cases from Sejima and Nishizawa and Associates (SAANA). It finds that intertwining the cognition of natural environment and spatial experiential perceptions can create phenomenological architectural experiences. Sustainable architectural transparency may be accomplished when three factors (the visual perception of space, spatial experiential perceptions, and the cognition of natural environment) are incorporated. Further, depth functions as a medium for architectural transparency, intertwining between material and immaterial, literal and phenomenal, and visible and invisible. There is tremendous potential to conduct pilot studies based on this study, to re-evaluate architectural transparency with phenomenological ideas.
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Ji, Julie L., David J. Kavanagh, Emily A. Holmes, Colin MacLeod, and Martina Di Simplicio. "Mental imagery in psychiatry: conceptual & clinical implications." CNS Spectrums 24, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852918001487.
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Mental imagery refers to the experience of perception in the absence of external sensory input. Deficits in the ability to generate mental imagery or to distinguish it from actual sensory perception are linked to neurocognitive conditions such as dementia and schizophrenia, respectively. However, the importance of mental imagery to psychiatry extends beyond neurocognitive impairment. Mental imagery has a stronger link to emotion than verbal-linguistic cognition, serving to maintain and amplify emotional states, with downstream impacts on motivation and behavior. As a result, anomalies in the occurrence of emotion-laden mental imagery has transdiagnostic significance for emotion, motivation, and behavioral dysfunction across mental disorders. This review aims to demonstrate the conceptual and clinical significance of mental imagery in psychiatry through examples of mood and anxiety disorders, self-harm and suicidality, and addiction. We contend that focusing on mental imagery assessment in research and clinical practice can increase our understanding of the cognitive basis of psychopathology in mental disorders, with the potential to drive the development of algorithms to aid treatment decision-making and inform transdiagnostic treatment innovation.
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Simonetti, Nicola. "Towards an Understanding of Mirror Mechanism, Between Phenomenology and Natural Sciences." Innovation in Science and Technology 2, no. 1 (January 2023): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/ist.2023.01.02.
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Naturalizing phenomenology or phenomenologizing neurosciences? This is the provocative and stimulating question that Gallese asks himself/us (taken from Enciclopedia Treccani, 2009) to try to better understand the explanatory significance of the mirror mechanism. The attempt to make neurosciences and phenomenology interact originally took shape as a project for the naturalization of phenomenological research to which, in recent decades, Francisco Varela has contributed (Autopoiesis and Cognition, 1980). Like classical cognitivism, cognitive neuroscience, until not many years ago, favored a model according to which functions such as sensation, perception and motor control would be “localized” in different cortical areas. The experimental data acquired over the last twenty years, however, give us a completely different picture. The motor cortex of the frontal lobe, as well as the posterior parietal cortex, are made up of a mosaic of distinct areas on the anatomical-functional level that contract reciprocally connection relationships to form distinct cortico-cortical circuits (Rizzolatti & Sinigaglia, 2006). Both things and objects acquire full signification only insofar as they constitute one of the poles of a dynamic relationship with the acting subject, which constitutes the second pole of this relationship. This type of approach allows us to redefine the triad perception, action and cognition in a new perspective, and, above all, in a perspective compatible with an “embodied” meaning. Instead, A. Attanasio and A. Oliverio propose a Darwinian reading mirror mechanism, centered on a “social-embodied-emotional mind”, rooted in the “reason-instinct” of D. Hume and in the “emotional revolution” of W James. Mirror mechanism does not make any logical-mental inference: the action is the result of a motor simulation. Furthermore, this audio-visual mirror mechanism, also present among non-linguistic species, confirms that the understanding of sounds, images, motor acts are inserted within “a simpler level of semantic reference.” In his Ecology of the brain. The phenomenology and biology of the embodied mind, 2017 T. Fuchs focuses his arguing on the concept of embodiment. The basic self-awareness is something that emerges from the whole body in interaction with the brain, of course, and the brain is necessary to integrate bodily afferences and bodily states, but it is in constant interaction with the body and only through this homeostatic regulation our embodied self-awareness emerges. So, if we are conscious beings, we are already embodied conscious beings. The other major dimension is the sensorimotor dimension. Here we transcend our organic body to interact with the environment by the limbs, by connecting ourselves with objects, by transcending the body when we deal with objects or by transcending the body when we deal with other subjects. Finally, I believe that the naturalistic phenomenology of Varela and Maturana is closer to the philosophy of complexity, to Bateson’s ecological approach and to an evolutionary approach, supported, for example, by the psychobiologist A. Oliverio, in agreement with which I believe it is better the essential adaptive, social and communicative role of the mirror mechanism at a species-specific level can be explained. I think that Fuchs’ idea of the ecology of brain, the body as a living whole and the organism as not just composed of parts, but as a self-reproducing autopoietic whole which is the basis of my embodied experience, might be a good explicative meeting point for phenomenology and natural sciences, in the direction of a holistic and comprehensive view for mirror mechanism in human being.
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Gallagher, Shaun, and Ricardo Mejía Fernández. "Pasado, presente y futuro del tiempo de la conciencia: de Husserl a Varela y más allá." Investigaciones Fenomenológicas, no. 17 (February 8, 2021): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rif.17.2020.29715.
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En el desarrollo de una fenómenología enactivista, el análisis de la conciencia del tiempo necesita ser conducido hacia un enfoque totalmente enactivista. Así, intento impulsar este análisis hacia una fenomenología enactivista más completa de la conciencia del tiempo. Además, sostengo que el análisis de Varela motiva un examen más detallado de los aspectos fenomenológicos de la estructura temporal intrínseca de la experiencia, al entenderla en términos de una fenomenología encarnada y orientada a la acción en su manifestación más básica. Esta fenomenología totalmente enactivista continúa el análisis iniciado por Varela y sigue siendo coherente, pero también va más allá de los escritos posteriores de Husserl sobre la conciencia del tiempo. En este análisis, el carácter enactivo de la intencionalidad en general está embebido en la microestructura de la conciencia del tiempo, afectando la comprensión de la percepción y la acción. Esta explicación es coherente con la aproximación constructivista de Varela a la cognición.In developing an enactivist phenomenology, the analysis of time-consciousness needs to be pushed toward a fully enactivist account. I attempt to push this analysis towards a more complete enactivist phenomenology of time-consciousness. I argue that Varela’s analy-sis motivates a closer examination of the phenomenological aspects of the intrinsic temporal structure of experience, understanding it in terms of an action oriented embodied phenomenology in its most basic manifestation. This fully enactivist phenomenology continues the analysis initiated by Varela and remains consistent with but also goes beyond Husserl’s later writings on time-consciousness. This analysis shows that the enactive character of intentionality in general, goes all the way down; it is embedded in the microstructure of time-consciousness, and this has implications for understanding perception and action. This account is consistent with Varela’s constructivist approach to cognition.
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Ruiji, Shengchuan. "Xishuangbanna Teacher Worship and Perception of Zhang Ha Tradition and Culture." Journal of Green Learning 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53889/jgl.v2i2.165.
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This paper uses the phenomenon research methodology to study the teacher worship ceremony and perception of the Zhang Ha tradition culture at Xishuangbanna, which is the Dai culture of the students. Zhang Ha students were representatives and volunteers for informal interviews and conversations; there were 20 people for the study of the perception of Zhang Ha and field data collection in August 2021. The results show that 1) the ceremony represents respect for kindness in the learning of Zhangha and that 2) the organizing of a teacher worship ceremony is not only a tradition but also an activity to strengthen the spirit of students who are studying knowledge that has been accumulated and transmitted from ancient times. 2) Zhang Ha students revealed that the teaching activities of Dai culture inheritance, the motivation of teenagers in this area to learn culture, the cognition and contact channels of culture, and the feedback they received from culture.
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Korotkikh, Vyacheslav Ivanovich. "The principle of constructing Sociality in Hegel's "Phenomenology of Spirit" and the problem of method in Social and Humanitarian cognition." Философская мысль, no. 6 (June 2022): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2022.6.37313.
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The subject of the study is the analysis of the construction of social reality in Hegel's "Phenomenology of Spirit". The form of representation of social life found by Hegel acted as one of the prerequisites for the formation of modern socio-humanitarian knowledge. The author seeks to show that Hegel's overcoming of the idea of the immediacy of social relations as a subject of philosophical consideration is a decisive moment in the formation of the method of social and humanitarian sciences. The construction of social reality, which replaces the uncritical perception of society as an object as accessible to observation as natural objects, opens up the possibility of a consistent, methodically verified disclosure of the essential characteristics of social life. The study establishes that Hegel presents the described forms of social reality as necessary steps for the movement of the spirit to self-knowledge. The basis for the assertion of the natural nature of the processes of formation of social relations is their belonging to the sphere of self-consciousness. Thus, consciousness pushes its boundaries, overcomes singularity, establishing social reality as a sphere in which the spirit is able to reveal the concreteness of substance. The topic under consideration has not only philosophical and systematic significance, the article shows that Hegel justifies the possibility of overcoming subjective ("evaluative") approaches to the consideration of social life associated with the idea of the immediacy of social relations, reveals the necessary nature of the formation of social reality and its comprehension in various forms of the spirit. The method of constructing sociality presented in the "Phenomenology of Spirit" ensures the cognizability of social life by rational means and the evidentiary nature of social and humanitarian knowledge.
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Ромашов, Р. А. "Penitentiary law: phenomenology and consistency." Penitentiary Science, no. 3(59) (September 30, 2022): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2686-9764.2022.59.3.001.
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Введение: право как системное явление представлено двумя теоретическими моделями: динамическим процессом и статичной конструкцией. Право в динамике – это взаимосвязанные этапы (стадии), в совокупности составляющие феномен правовой жизни. Конструктивный (юридико-технический) подход к пониманию права предполагает его восприятие в качестве совокупности взаимосвязанных и взаимодействующих средств, создаваемых и применяемых для упорядочения и охраны общественных отношений, сложившихся на определенном историческом этапе в обособленной социально-культурной среде. Взаимозаменяемость в русском юридическом языке слов «право» и «закон» обусловливает смешение понятий «система права» и «система законодательства», следствием чего является терминологическое отождествление категорий «отрасль права» и «отрасль законодательства». Проблему понимания пенитенциарного права и определения его места в правовой системе и системе законодательства следует решать с учетом циклической природы российского полито- и правогенеза. В современной России внедрение в терминологический оборот слова «пенитенциарный», с одной стороны, связано со стремлением к европеизации традиционных правовых институтов путем их простого переименования (уголовно-исполнительное право – пенитенциарное право). С другой стороны, использование термина «пенитенциарный» применительно к системе исполнения уголовных наказаний, а также совокупности правовых актов, регламентирующих общественные отношения в данной области, призвано показать трансформацию наказания из института государственной репрессии в средство исправления и профилактики. Целью статьи является системный анализ права как динамического процесса и формализованной конструкции с акцентом на понимании пенитенциарного права и определении его места в правовой системе и системе законодательства. Методологическую основу образуют общенаучные (системный, структурный, функциональный), частные (сравнительно-правовой анализ, межотраслевой синтез, правовая систематика) и специальные (теоретико-правового моделирования, циклического полито- и правогенеза) методы познания правовой действительности. Выводы: пенитенциарное право следует рассматривать в контексте соотношения категорий «система права», «правовая система», «система законодательства». На основе метода циклического полито- и правогенеза предлагается осуществлять это с учетом специфики организации и функционирования уголовно-исполнительных систем Российской империи, Советской России (РСФСР/СССР) и Российской Федерации. В современной России пенитенциарное право представляет межотраслевую нормативную общность, объединяющую правовые акты, регламентирующие общественные отношения в сфере пенитенциарной жизнедеятельности. Не имеет смысла говорить о пенитенциарном праве как вновь образованной отрасли системы права в силу восприятия последней в качестве объективной категории (логической умозрительной конструкции). Вместе с тем пенитенциарное право, пенитенциарная система, пенитенциарная наука являются устоявшимися терминологическими конструкциями, наполняемыми различными смысловыми коннотациями как в научных исследованиях, так и в правовых актах. Introduction: law as a systemic phenomenon is represented by 2 theoretical models: a dynamic process and a static construction. Law in dynamics is interrelated stages that together make up the phenomenon of legal life. A constructive (legal and technical) approach to understanding law pre- supposes its perception as a set of interrelated and interacting means created and used to stream- line and protect public relations that have developed at a certain historical stage in a separate socio- cultural environment. Interchangeability of the words “law” and “legislative act” in the Russian legal language causes confusion of the concepts “system of law” and “legislative system”, which results in terminological identification of the categories “branch of law” and “branch of legislation”. The prob- lem of understanding penitentiary law and determining its place in the legal system and the legisla- tive system should be solved taking into account the cyclical nature of Russian political and legal genesis. In modern Russia, introduction of the word “penitentiary” into terminology is connected, on the one hand, with the desire to Europeanize traditional legal institutions by simply renaming them (penal law – penitentiary law). On the other hand, the use of the term “penitentiary” in relation to the system of execution of criminal penalties, as well as to the totality of legal acts regulating public relations in this area, is intended to show transformation of punishment from the institution of state repression into a means of correction and prevention. Purpose: to carry out a systematic analysis of law as a dynamic process and a formalized structure, with an emphasis on understanding peni- tentiary law and determining its place in legal and legislative systems. The methodological basis is formed by general scientific (systemic, structural, functional), private (comparative legal analysis, intersectoral synthesis, legal systematics) and special (theoretical and legal modeling, cyclic po- litical and legal genesis) legal reality cognition methods. Conclusions: сonsideration of penitentiary law should be carried out in the context of correlation of the categories: system of law, legal system, system of legislation. Taking the method of cyclic political and legal genesis as a basis, it is proposed to consider penitentiary law with regard to the specifics of organization and functioning of the penal systems of the Russian Empire, Soviet Russia (RSFSR/USSR) and the Russian Federation. In modern Russia, penitentiary law is an intersectoral normative community that unites legal acts regulating public relations in the field of penitentiary life. It makes no sense to talk about penitentiary law as a newly formed branch of the system of law, due to the perception of the latter as an objective category (logical speculative construction). At the same time, penitentiary law, penitentiary system, peniten- tiary science are well-established terminological constructions filled with various semantic connota- tions both in scientific research and legal acts.
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Ismaulidina, Isma, Effiati Juliana Hasibuan, and Taufik Wal Hidayat Wal Hidayat. "Strategi Komunikasi Public Relation Dalam Membangun Citra Dan Kepercayaan Calon Jemaah Haji dan Umroh." Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, Administrasi Publik, dan Ilmu Komunikasi (JIPIKOM) 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jipikom.v2i1.175.
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The Purpose of this tudy is to study public communication strategy to build image and trust of prospective Jemaah hajj and umroh at PT. Siar Tour Medan. This study has been motivated because the implementation of the hajj and umroh so far ineffectice and inefficient. It has influenced service quality to customers. Methode that used in this stdy is qualitative and used descriptive analysis technique. This study used public relation by RUSLAN Theory known as PENCILS and the image that created through fourth components explain by SOleh Soemirat and Elvinaro Ardianto in the book dasar-dasar Public Relation such as perception, cognition, motivation and attitude.
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Nuryani, Lilis Kholisoh, Enas Enas, Maman Herman, Eko Wahyudi, and Lely Dianawati. "Teachers' Perceptions of Academic Supervision in a Pandemic Era; Phenomenological Review." AL-TANZIM: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 6, no. 3 (May 15, 2022): 679–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v6i3.3646.
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Academic supervision is non-negotiable for leaders to improve teacher professionalism in schools. This research aims to understand the teacher's perception of the principal's academic supervision at SMP Negeri 2 Kroya. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of phenomenology. This research is an understanding of social phenomena or phenomena that occur in the field, with more emphasis on a complete picture of the phenomena that occur. The results showed that teachers' perceptions of academic supervision by school principals had a perfect meaning because, on average, they had good motivation and performance before the covid-19 pandemic. Teachers interpreted the supervision carried out by the principal of SMP Negeri 2 Kroya as professional guidance assistance, quality-oriented based on continuous improvement, quality control, driving school principals, and an arena for the principal's responsibility to teachers.
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Kondratenko, Victoria V., Ihor A. Zaitsev, Volodymyr A. Lyubimov, Lyudmyla V. Gomon, and Tetyana O. Pavlun. "Motivation of Students upon Physical Education at the University of Customs and Finance." Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University. Series «Pedagogy and Psychology» 7, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52534/msu-pp.7(1).2021.121-128.
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In accordance with the competence approach, the becoming of a future specialist involves the development of not only intellectual but also physical component of personality, resulting in the need to update the methodology of physical education of students and encourage physical selfimprovement in particular. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to develop students' motivation in the process of physical education, as exemplified by pedagogical activities of teachers of the University of Customs and Finance. The study was conducted in three stages using scientific-theoretical and empirical methods of cognition, including analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalisation, and survey. It was found that the practices of physical education of students are developed according to the individual motivating factor. The main interpretations of the category “motivation” in the context of historical retrospect are defined, as a result of which attention was focused on the perception of motivation as an incentive to meet personal needs. An empirical study was conducted in the form of a survey of first and second year students in order to characterise the initial level of motivation for physical education classes. The study has identified such key motivational factors for physical education of students as health, aesthetic, professional-oriented, administrative-obligatory and status. A list of basic methods of stimulating students to engage in physical culture in view of Ukrainian practices (modular and “score” systems, use of media, combination of physical development of both team and individual components, etc.) and foreign practices (use of digital technologies, perception of teacher's authority as method of motivation, the development of a positive psychological climate and giving autonomy to students). Prospects for further research are considered in the re-conduct of empirical research to confirm the effectiveness of the application of updated methods of motivating students to engage in physical education
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Li, Si, and Yi Chen. "Explaining the resistance of data providers to open government data." Aslib Journal of Information Management 73, no. 4 (July 7, 2021): 560–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajim-09-2020-0270.
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PurposeThis paper explains the formation of government resistance to open data based on the cognition of stakeholders in Chinese context.Design/methodology/approachAdopting grounded theory, this study interviewed 22 stakeholders to collect data. Through continuous coding, this study identified the main categories and then constructed theoretical models.FindingsThis study identified and explained five main categories that relate to resistance: practice, perception, organizational culture, motivation and resistance strategies. Then, a framework was developed that conceptualizes the government' resistance to open data. Based on the division of the forms of motivation, there are three paths through which government departments resist open data, namely, avoiding disadvantages to the organization, being unwilling to increase the workload and being unwilling to take the initiative.Originality/valueThis paper reveals the internal logic of government departments' resistance to open data and provides a process explanation beyond causality. It also provides a reference for other countries in the same preliminary stage as China with respect to open data implementation.
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Mao, Lishi, Junfeng Song, Siyuan Xu, and Degui Yu. "Impact of Digital Platform Organization on Reducing Green Production Risk to Tackle COVID-19: Evidence from Farmers in Jiangsu China." Agriculture 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010188.
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The agricultural organization based on digital platforms in C2F (Company–Platform–Farmers) may be an effective way to reduce the increased risk of green production caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, but the specific mechanism and impact involved are unclear. Applying risk cognition and decision theory, we built the theoretical framework on platform organization, pandemic risk, perception value, and green production continuity, and ascertained the impact effects and path using the PLS-SEM method. We found that the risk of COVID-19 overflow had a significant impact on farmers' green production continuity by mediating perception value, especially regarding reduced green technology adoption intention and increased cost of living. Utilizing perfect platform value cognition, participation co-operation, access and benefit distribution, and safeguard and restraint measures of platform organization in C2F, we offered a new approach to reduce the green production risks caused by COVID-19, such as material and labor shortages, financial pressure, sales channel blockages, and price volatility. We explained the behavior-moderating motivation of farmers with different risk preferences and subjective norms in relation to tackling COVID-19. We should aim to perfect the functions of digital platform organizations to optimize the benefit linkages in C2F, accelerate farmers’ digitization ability cultivation to increase the cognitive risk level, and strengthen the policy guidance of COVID-19 prevention to reduce the influence of farmers’ subjective norms.
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Handley, Grace, Jennifer T. Kubota, Tianyi Li, and Jasmin Cloutier. "Impact of interracial contact on inferring mental states from facial expressions." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 7 (July 2021): 202137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202137.
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Although decades of research have shown that intergroup contact critically impacts person perception and evaluation, little is known about how contact shapes the ability to infer others' mental states from facial cues (commonly referred to as mentalizing). In a pair of studies, we demonstrated that interracial contact and motivation to attend to faces jointly influence White perceivers’ ability to infer mental states based on facial expressions displaying secondary emotions from both White targets alone (study 1) and White and Black targets (study 2; pre-registered). Consistent with previous work on the effect of motivation and interracial contact on other-race face memory, we found that motivation and interracial contact interacted to shape perceivers' accuracy at inferring mental states from secondary emotions. When motivated to attend to the task, high-contact White perceivers were more accurate at inferring both Black and White targets’ mental states; unexpectedly, the opposite was true for low-contact perceivers. Importantly, the target race did not interact with interracial contact, suggesting that contact is associated with general changes in mentalizing irrespective of target race. These findings expand the theoretical understanding and implications of contact for fundamental social cognition.
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Baraily, Khagendra. "Barriers of School Transition for Children with Disability: Lived Experience of Parents in Kathmandu Valley." Curriculum Development Journal 29, no. 43 (December 1, 2021): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cdj.v29i43.41069.
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This study aimed to explore the barrier of school transition for the children with disability from the parent's prospective. This study adopted qualitative method along with hermeneutics phenomenology. On the behalf of philosophical orientation, multiple realities were ontological basis and lived experiences of participants were epistemological assumption. The construct of critical disability theory was applied in this study. Purposefully 5 parents were selected from Kathmandu Valley. Data sources included field's notes, indepth interviews and artifacts. Interviewed data were transcribed and categorized to develop theme. Result revealed that several challenges such as awareness, attitude, accessibility, misconception, infrastructure, lack of policy implementation and ill motivation about disability are the major barrier towards transition. The perception of parents toward special school and rehabilitation centre are inadequately supporting to smooth transition. This study might be valuable support for policy maker in ensuring the no child left behind for the welfare state.
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Salonen, Pekka, Marja Vauras, and Anastasia Efklides. "Social Interaction - What Can It Tell Us about Metacognition and Coregulation in Learning?" European Psychologist 10, no. 3 (January 2005): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.10.3.199.
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Abstract. This article brings to the fore the sociocognitive aspect of metacognition and processes involved in coregulation. We argue that coregulation in a learning situation that involves the interaction of teachers and students or peers is based on awareness of the partners' cognition, metacognition, affect, and motivation, as well as interpersonal perception processes and/or interpersonal relational control processes. One aspect of metacognition, particularly relevant to coregulation of learning, is metacognitive experience, i.e., how the interacting partners feel and what they think about the task at hand. Awareness of one's own and the other's cognition and of metacognitive experiences is necessary for metacommunication control processes. Evidence from two independent studies suggests that there can be misperception of the interacting partners' metacognitive experiences because of “theory-driven” conceptions of the other person or lack of metacognitive coregulation because of the prevalence of relational control processes. We suggest that this may lead to scaffolding mismatch in instruction, failure in coregulation, and negative feelings and behaviors of the interacting partners in certain learning situations.
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Siregar, Feriza Yetti. "Perception of Public Islam on Performance and Providing Public Services in Padangsidempuan City." al-Lubb: Journal of Islamic Thought and Muslim Culture (JITMC) 2, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51900/lubb.v2i1.8591.
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<p>Public service is a matter that is closely associated with bureaucracy. Five factors are related to mission, accountability, consequences, power, and culture. Mission will determine the public services system competence in responding to dynamics that occur in the community accurately and efficiently. Method in this research was qualitative method, which was designed with descriptive research and phenomenology approaches through interviews and observations. Based on the research, the results showas follow: First, the perception of Islamic society in Padangsidimpuan on performance of Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil (DKPS) in providing public services in 2014 was still far from their hope, and it hasn’t met in their satisfaction category especially Islamic society. Second, factors that influence the achievement of DKPS Padang Sidimpuan in providing public services in 2014 are human resources and financial factors. Besides, there are some supporting factors: leadership, resources, culture ministry, institutional, and related regulation. Third, factor that hold up the performance of DKPS Padangsidimpuan in providing public services in 2014 is organization structure. The other factors are such as the lack of officers responding to society who need the information and the lack of officers’ hospitality when they communicate to public. Fourth, the solution is given from Islamic society to improve public services at DKPS Padangsidimpuan for the next year: education, experiences, training, motivation to the staff and officer at DKPS Padangsidimpuan.</p>
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Laeen, Shiva Jalayeri, Mohsen Ayati, Hossein Jafari Sani, and Mohammad Akbari Booreng. "A Teachers Perception on Localization of Curriculum with Emphasis on Social Studies Lesson." International Journal of Higher Education 8, no. 7 (October 28, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v8n7p84.
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The aim of this study understands teacher perceptions of the localization of curriculum of primary school. on the social Study Lessons. The methodological approach of this study is to investigate phenomenology as a qualitative method. The potential contributors were the native teachers of the Kalat city (Laeenno) in the 1397 which 19 participant were selected.. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews and were analyzed by Glaserian seven phases. Reliability was achieved through three criteria: being acceptable, being trustful and verifiability. The findings show that the current performance of students end up in lack of incentive, leaving school, shallow learning, the inefficiency of current performance of teachers, interruptions in communication, One-way interaction, and the challenges of localization is denial of the cultural diversity of politicians, non-native content (centralized knowledge), Lack of in-service courses, the time challenge, recruiting non-native teachers, the lack of comprehensive studies of sub-cultivated areas, immigration, executive challenge, School space and lack of a template from native syllables, and the consequences of localization for teachers is contentment of teaching, Creating and improving communication and promoting native culture, and the consequences of localizing for students is: protecting from native culture, Creating a motivation to learn and absorb and stay in the classroom and school. Finally, teachers' strategies about localization of Klein’s nine elements in the curriculum of social studies were identified.
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Simsky, A., A. V. Kravchenko, and A. S. Druzhinin. "Action-thoughts and the genesis of time in linguistic semiosis." Slovo ru Baltic accent 12, no. 2 (May 2021): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2021-2-1.
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The genesis of time is explained in the spirit of constructivism combined with the activity approach to cognition. The cardinal temporal categories of present, past, and future are discussed in terms of action-thoughts understood as elementary units of activity whose structure is determined by linguistic semiosis. Husserl’s tripartite model of the phenomenology of time (prime perception, retention, protention) is applied to the analysis of the subject’s experience of his actions. It is demonstrated that, while our lived present is composed of the actually performed actions, our past and future are constructed by reflexive action-thoughts in the cognitive domain of language. It is emphasized that the construction of a temporal sequence that unites what is and what already or still is not, is possible only in linguistic semiosis. The analogy with Husserl’s tripartite structure of the time-consciousness flow helps elucidate the triad ‘present-past-future’ as an instance of the epistemological trap of language: ‘past’ and ‘future’ are mental constructs that belong to the present just as any other act of thinking.
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Mustika Jima, Maria Mega, and Sugeng Rusmiwari. "Persepsi Pendengar Tentang Citra RRI Pro 1 Stasiun Ende Flores Sebagai Radio Siaran Pedesaan." Jurnal Komunikasi Nusantara 1, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/jkn.v1i2.18.
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The existence of Radio in the midst of the community has a very big role, because it is to meet the needs of the local community. Thus the need for public perception about the image of RRI Ende Flores Pro 1. The purpose of this study is to find out how listeners' perceptions about the image of RRI Pro 1 and the supporting factors of the RRI Pro 1 image of Ende Flores station as a rural broadcast radio. In this study used a qualitative research method with data collection steps carried out through observation, documentation and interviews with informants in the field obtained through sampling. From that step, data analysis is performed using an interactive data analysis model that includes the process of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. From the research conducted, a conclusion has been reached; (1) Listeners' perceptions about the image of RRI Pro 1 Ende Flores Station as a rural radio broadcast viewed from motivation, attention, cognition, attitude and response. The perception has been built so that the community is greatly helped through rural broadcasts; (2) In building the listener's perception of the image of RRI pro 1 Ende Flores station, the supporting factors are stimulus, informative, time period in listening to rural broadcasts and perception. Which affects the formation of public perception through the program.
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Keogh, Rebecca, and Joel Pearson. "Attention driven phantom vision: measuring the sensory strength of attentional templates and their relation to visual mental imagery and aphantasia." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1817 (December 14, 2020): 20190688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0688.
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When we search for an object in an array or anticipate attending to a future object, we create an ‘attentional template' of the object. The definitions of attentional templates and visual imagery share many similarities as well as many of the same neural characteristics. However, the phenomenology of these attentional templates and their neural similarities to visual imagery and perception are rarely, if ever discussed. Here, we investigate the relationship between these two forms of non-retinal phantom vision through the use of the binocular rivalry technique, which allows us to measure the sensory strength of attentional templates in the absence of concurrent perceptual stimuli. We find that attentional templates correlate with both feature-based attention and visual imagery. Attentional templates, like imagery, were significantly disrupted by the presence of irrelevant visual stimuli, while feature-based attention was not. We also found that a special population who lack the ability to visualize (aphantasia), showed evidence of feature-based attention when measured using the binocular rivalry paradigm, but not attentional templates. Taken together, these data suggest functional similarities between attentional templates and visual imagery, advancing the theory of visual imagery as a general simulation tool used across cognition. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation’.
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Noble, Jason, Tanor Bonin, and Stephen McAdams. "Experiences of Time and Timelessness in Electroacoustic Music." Organised Sound 25, no. 2 (August 2020): 232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135577182000014x.
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Electroacoustic music and its historical antecedents open up new ways of thinking about musical time. Whereas music performed by humans is necessarily constrained by certain temporal limits that define human information processing and embodiment, machines are capable of producing sound with scales and structures of time that reach potentially very far outside of these human limitations. But even musics produced with superhuman means are still subject to human constraints in music perception and cognition. Focusing on five principles of auditory perception – segmentation, grouping, pulse, metre and repetition – we hypothesise that musics that exceed or subvert the thresholds that define ‘human time’ are likely to be recognised by listeners as expressing timelessness. To support this hypothesis, we report an experiment in which a listening panel reviewed excerpts of electroacoustic music selected for their temporally subversive or excessive properties, and rated them (1) for the pace of time they express (normative, speeding up, or slowing down), and (2) for whether or not the music expresses ‘timelessness’. We find that while the specific musical parameters associated with temporal phenomenology vary from one musical context to the next, a general trend obtains across musical contexts through the excess or subversion of a particular perceptual constraint by a given musical parameter on the one hand, and the subjective experiences of time and timelessness on the other.
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Pessoa, Luiz. "Emotion and the Interactive Brain: Insights From Comparative Neuroanatomy and Complex Systems." Emotion Review 10, no. 3 (July 2018): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073918765675.
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Although emotion is closely associated with motivation, and interacts with perception, cognition, and action, many conceptualizations still treat emotion as separate from these domains. Here, a comparative/evolutionary anatomy framework is presented to motivate the idea that long-range, distributed circuits involving the midbrain, thalamus, and forebrain are central to emotional processing. It is proposed that emotion can be understood in terms of large-scale network interactions spanning the neuroaxis that form “functionally integrated systems.” At the broadest level, the argument is made that we need to move beyond a Newtonian view of causation to one involving complex systems where bidirectional influences and nonlinearities abound. Therefore, understanding interactions between subsystems and signal integration becomes central to unraveling the organization of the emotional brain.