Academic literature on the topic 'PhC nanolasers'

AbstractOwing to their wide direct bandgap tunability, III-nitride (III-N) compound semiconductors have been proven instrumental in the development of blue light-emitting diodes that led to the so-called solid-state lighting revolution and blue laser diodes that are used for optical data storage. Beyond such conventional optoelectronic devices, in this review, we explore the progress made in the past 15 years with this low refractive index material family for the realization of microdisks as well as 2D and 1D photonic crystal (PhC) membrane cavities. Critical aspects related to their design and fabrication are first highlighted. Then, the optical properties of passive PhC structures designed for near-infrared such as their quality factor and their mode volume are addressed. Additional challenges dealing with fabrication pertaining to structures designed for shorter wavelengths, namely the visible to ultraviolet spectral range, are also critically reviewed and analyzed. Various applications ranging from second and third harmonic generation to microlasers and nanolasers are then discussed. Finally, forthcoming challenges and novel fields of application of III-N photonic cavities are commented.

In this report, we introduce a 1D photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity with waveguide-like strain amplifiers within a soft polydimethylsiloxane substrate, presenting it as a potential candidate for highly sensitive pressure and position optical sensors. Due to its substantial optical wavelength response to uniform pressure, laser emission from this nanocavity enables the detection of a minimum applied uniform pressure of 1.6‰ in experiments. Based on this feature, we further studied and elucidated the distinct behaviors in wavelength shifts when applying localized pressure at various positions relative to the PhC nanocavity. In experiments, by mapping wavelength shifts of the PhC nanolaser under localized pressure applied using a micro-tip at different positions, we demonstrate the nanocavity’s capability to detect minute position differences, with position-dependent minimum resolutions ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers. Furthermore, we also propose and validate the feasibility of employing the strain amplifier as an effective waveguide for extracting the sensing signal from the nanocavity. This approach achieves a 64% unidirectional coupling efficiency for leading out the sensing signal to a specific strain amplifier. We believe these findings pave the way for creating a highly sensitive position-sensing module that can accurately identify localized pressure in a planar space.

Les nanolasers PhC suscitent de plus en plus d'attention en raison de leur capacité unique à manipuler et à confiner la lumière à une très petite échelle. Leur empreinte réduite et leur seuil bas en font des candidats idéaux pour la réalisation de connexions optiques, répondant ainsi à la demande croissante en matière de vitesse de transmission des données et de consommation d'énergie. De plus, leur géométrie singulière permet de contrôler leurs propriétés d'émission spontanée. Cela révèle l'unicité des nanolasers PhC d'un point de vue fondamental, soulignant leur potentiel à servir de sujets de recherche novateurs dans l'interaction lumière-matière. Malgré ces avantages, une caractérisation de leur émission et de leurs propriétés dynamiques fait toujours défaut, en raison des limitations actuelles des capacités de détection aux longueurs d'onde infrarouges.Dans cette thèse, j'ai développé une technique de détection à porte temporelle basée sur FWM, pour mesurer la réponse ultra-rapide des nanolasers 1D. En étudiant attentivement l'interaction entre les non-linéarités et la dispersion, il a été possible d'atteindre une sensibilité élevée de quelques photons et une résolution de 2 ps. Des améliorations supplémentaires de la sensibilité, jusqu'à moins d'une détection de photon, sont prévues en utilisant des puissances de pompe plus élevées. Cela peut ouvrir la voie à l'étude des statistiques des photons et des effets quantiques au cœur du régime quantique.Les profils des nanolasers 1D présentent un début très rapide de l'émission et une décroissance longue, compatible avec un facteur β de 0,12 et une durée de vie du photon de 20 ps. Une nouvelle approche pour obtenir les valeurs de ces deux paramètres contrôlant la dynamique du laser a été développée : elles ont été directement extraites de la réponse ultra-rapide des nanolasers, au lieu de se baser uniquement sur des mesures à l'état stationnaire telles que la courbe S, qui, dans de nombreux cas, peuvent conduire à des estimations inexactes en raison de l'interdépendance de ces paramètres. La réponse dynamique des nanolasers 1D est compatible avec une vitesse maximale de modulation d'environ 30 GHz, répondant à l'exigence de sources laser ultra-compactes à faible seuil pour les circuits intégrés photoniques et les communications optiques.La haute sensibilité et résolution de la technique nous ont permis de mesurer, pour la première fois à notre connaissance, une conversion de longueur d'onde adiabatique de photons avec un décalage de longueur d'onde aussi important que 1,2 nm. Cela montre le potentiel de la technique dans l'étude des dynamiques ultra-rapides aux longueurs d'onde NIR
PhC nanolasers are receiving more and more attention due to their unique capacity to manipulate and confine light at a very small scale. Their small footprint and low thresholds make them ideal candidates for realizing optical interconnects, thus addressing the increasing demands for data transmission speed and power consumption. Moreover, their singular geometry enables the control of their spontaneous emission properties. This reveals PhC nanolasers' uniqueness from a fundamental point of view, highlighting their potential to serve as candidates for novel research in light-matter interaction. Despite these advantages, a characterization of their emission and their dynamical properties is still missing, due to the current limitations of the detection capabilities at infrared wavelengths.In this thesis, I have developed a time gating detection technique based on FWM, to measure the ultra fast response of 1D nanolasers. By carefully studying the interplay between nonlinearities and dispersion, it was possible to reach a high sensitivity of a few photons and a resolution of 2 ps. Further improvements in sensitivity, down to less than a photon detection, is predicted by employing higher gate powers. This can open the way to study photon statistics and quantum effects deep in the quantum regime.The profiles of 1D nanolasers feature a very fast onset of the emission and a long decay, compatible with a β factor of 0.12 and a photon lifetime of 20 ps. A novel approach to obtaining the values of these two parameters controlling laser dynamics has been developed: they have been directly retrieved from the%The manner in which these two parameters controlling laser dynamics have been obtained constitutes a novel approach, as they have been directly retrieved from theultra-fast response of nanolasers, instead of solely relying on steady state measurements such as the S curve, which, in many cases, can lead to inaccurate estimations due to the interdependence of these parameters. The dynamical response of 1D nanolasers is compatible with a maximum modulation speed of around 30 GHz, fullfiling the requirement for low threshold ultra compact laser sources for photonic integrated circuits and optical communications.The high sensitivity and resolution of the technique allowed us to measure for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, an adiabatic wavelength conversion of photons with a wavelength shift as large as 1.2 nm. This shows the potential of the technique in studying ultra fast dynamics at NIR wavelengths

We demonstrate 40-Gbps, 16.6-fJ/bit direct modulation of a one-dimensional photonic-crystal (1D-PhC) nanolaser on SiO2/Si with 180-μA bias current. Very strong optical confinement in the laterally-current-injected 1D-PhC nanocavity is a key for the high-speed, high-modulation-efficiency operation.