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Journal articles on the topic 'Phases'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

NIVDANGE, SANDIP, Chinmay Jena, and Pooja Pawar. "Nationwide CoViD-19 lockdown impact on air quality in India." MAUSAM 73, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v73i1.1475.

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This paper discusses the comparative results of surface and satellite measurements made during the Phase1 (25 March to 14 April), Phase2 (15 April to 3 May) and Phase3 (3 May to 17May) of Covid-19 imposed lockdown periods of 2020 and those of the same locations and periods during 2019 over India. These comparative analyses are performed for Indian states and Tier 1 megacities where economic activities have been severely affected with the nationwide lockdown. The focus is on changes in the surface concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), PM2.5 and PM10, Ozone (O3), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and retrieved columnar NO2 from TROPOMI and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from MODIS satellite. Surface concentrations of PM2.5 were reduced by 30.59%, 31.64% and 37.06%, PM10 by 40.64%, 44.95% and 46.58%, SO2 by 16.73%, 12.13% and 6.71%, columnar NO2 by 46.34%, 45.82% and 39.58% and CO by 45.08%, 41.51% and 60.45% during lockdown periods of Phase1, Phase2 and Phase3 respectively as compared to those of 2019 periods over India. During 1st phase of lockdown, model simulated PM2.5 shows overestimations to those of observed PM2.5 mass concentrations. The model underestimates the PM2.5 to those of without reduction before lockdown and 1st phase of lockdown periods. The reduction in emissions of PM2.5, PM10, CO and columnar NO2 are discussed with the surface transportation mobility maps during the study periods. Reduction in the emissions based on the observed reduction in the surface mobility data, the model showed excellent skills in capturing the observed PM2.5 concentrations. Nevertheless, during the 1st & 3rd phases of lockdown periods AOD reduced by 5 to 40%. Surface O3 was increased by 1.52% and 5.91% during 1st and 3rd Phases of lockdown periods respectively, while decreased by -8.29% during 2nd Phase of lockdown period.

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2

Weiss, Torsten. "Zur Homogenität dispergierter Phasen / Homogeneity of Dispersed Phases." Practical Metallography 24, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-1987-241102.

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3

M.H. Al-Shamma, Yesar, Aamir S. Al-Mu'min, and Ahlam K. Abood. "Effect of Valsalva Maneuver on Cardiovascular Reflexes." AL-QADISIYAH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2, no. 3 (August 28, 2017): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28922/qmj.2007.2.3.8-21.

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Valsalva maneuver (VM) is one of the most important tests used to investigate the integrity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), it can be used to assess the baroreflex activity since the baroreceptors innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.Therefore (VM) used to investigate the changes in the hemodynamic variables in order to assess the integrity of cardiovascular system. The procedure of (VM) involves four phases through these phases the following measurements take place:1.Measurement of stroke volume (SV) which is the volume of bloodpumped from the heart by each beat using echocardiographic technique.2.Heart rate (HR) is recorded by ECG in order to count the number of heart beats per each minutes.3.Cardiac output (CO) which is the volume of blood pumped from the heart per each minute can be calculated by the equation CO = HR Ã— SV from the above points (1,2).4.Blood pressure measurement during (VM) by using mercury sphygmomanometer by which measurement of SBP, DBP and MBP.5.Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) can be calculated from the equation PVR = BP/CO. This study was carried out on seventy normal healthy subjects, their age range (20-40 years) with mean Â± SD is (27.31 Â± 5.28years). In this study a totally non-invasive techniques were used during all phases of VM. Concerning the responses in different phases of VM we found that there is sudden increase of BP with reflex bradycardia at the onset of straining(phase1). During phase2 (straining phase) there is significant reduction of SV and decreasing of BP to the low point lead to sympathetic stimulation and reflex tachycardia and increment in BP(systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP), so phase 2 can be divided in to phase 2E and phase 2L. At release of strain of VM, there is transient reduction of SV and BP (phase3), phase 2E and phase 3 were not included in this study as BP changes need to be measured by invasive technique. few seconds after release of strain, the SV return to premaneuver level with BP â€œover shootâ€ (increased SBP, DBP and MBP) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) also increased as it is calculated from this equation (PVR = MBP/CO), and there is reflex bradycardia so cardiac output(CO) is decreased (phase4).

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4

Cevirme, Hulya. "The Developmental Phases of Phases Turkish Tale." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 (2012): 3093–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.017.

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5

Luedtke, A., B. Stahl, F. Groß, I. R. Harris, and G. S. Schneider. "Domänenstrukturen hartmagnetischer Phasen / The Domain Structures of Hard Magnetic Phases." Practical Metallography 38, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2001-380707.

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6

DeCovny, Sherree. "Trading Phases." CFA Institute Magazine 27, no. 1 (March 2016): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/cfm.v27.n1.9.

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7

Joynt, Robert, and H. Bark. "Phases ofURu2Si2." Physical Review B 44, no. 21 (December 1, 1991): 12023–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.44.12023.

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8

Angell, C. Austen. "Two phases?" Nature Materials 13, no. 7 (June 20, 2014): 673–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat4022.

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9

Walker, James S., and Chester A. Vause. "Reappearing Phases." Scientific American 256, no. 5 (May 1987): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0587-98.

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10

Hinton, Everett. "RLC phases." Physics Teacher 29, no. 9 (December 1991): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2343423.

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11

SMITH, D. P. E., and W. H. HECKL. "Surface phases." Nature 346, no. 6285 (August 1990): 616–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/346616b0.

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12

Welinder, Benny S., Troels Kornfelt, and Hans H. Sørensen. "STATIONARY PHASES." Analytical Chemistry 67, no. 1 (January 1995): 39A—43A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00097a721.

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13

Lee, C. H., T. C. Chang, S. L. Lee, and T. G. Den. "Stationary phases." Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 328, no. 1-2 (January 1987): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00560944.

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14

Den, T. G., and S. L. Lee. "Stationary phases." Journal of Chromatography A 408 (January 1987): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)81817-3.

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15

Carlson, Allan C. "Family Phases." Chesterton Review 43, no. 1 (2017): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton2017431/242.

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16

Sauthoff, Gerhard. "Intermetallic phases." Advanced Materials 1, no. 2 (1989): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19890010205.

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17

Sauthoff, Gerhard. "Intermetallic Phases." Angewandte Chemie 101, no. 2 (February 1989): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19891010249.

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18

Sauthoff, Gerhard. "Intermetallic Phases." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 28, no. 2 (February 1989): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198902431.

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19

Duchet-Suchaux, P. "Multi-phases problematic in the oil & gas industry: solid phases combined to fluid phases." MATEC Web of Conferences 3 (2013): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20130301005.

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20

Sauthoff, Gerhard. "Intermetallic Phases - Materials Developments and Prospects / Intermetallische Phasen - Werkstoffentwicklungen und Aussichten." International Journal of Materials Research 80, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1989-800506.

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21

Aiken, P., and P. Diament. "Design of a Phased-Array Driver With Controllable Phases and Magnitudes." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 52, no. 5 (May 2004): 1558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2004.827046.

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22

Sayyad, Amir Ghafouri. "Statics Phases Numerical Analyzing with Reviewing on Dynamical Phases." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3315.

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The paper is mainly about reviewing on static phases of materials as numeric analyzing with its comparison to dynamical phases. All of analyzes are with based on dynamical and static equilibrium and its mode revision. Also, states changing in materials and their physical – chemical transfer changes have been covered by defined properties in this paper. We use some numeric solutions such as Boltzmann method in analyzing states in this paper.

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23

Nedyalkova, L., B. Lothenbach, G. Geng, U. Mäder, and J. Tits. "Uptake of iodide by calcium aluminate phases (AFm phases)." Applied Geochemistry 116 (May 2020): 104559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104559.

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24

Porte, G. "Lamellar phases and disordered phases of fluid bilayer membranes." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 4, no. 45 (November 9, 1992): 8649–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/4/45/002.

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25

Cattan, Denise. "Integration phases: all is set at the design phases." INCOSE International Symposium 7, no. 1 (August 1997): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.1997.tb02189.x.

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26

Li, Xiaohan, Chad B. Paulk, John M. Gonzalez, Matthew Vaughn, Daniela A. Alambarrio, and Siara Zedonek. "293 Effects of Saccharmyces yeast postbiotics on pig feed performance and carcass characteristics when included in an elevated protein diet." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2024): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.260.

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Abstract The study objective was to determine effects of Saccharmyces yeast postbiotics (CT; celluTEIN; Puretein Bioscience LLC, Minneapolis, MN, USA) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed an increased protein diet during growing and finishing. Pigs [PIC Camborough×PIC 337; n = 51 barrows; 57 gilts; initial body weight (BW) 28.3 ± 0.1 kg] were weighed, stratified by BW within sex, and within each two-pig strata, randomly assigned to a pen (n = 18; n = 6 pigs/pen). Pens were randomly assigned one of two dietary treatments (Diet) consisting of 0 or 100 ppm CT mixed in a four-phase dietary regimen (phase1 d 0 to 21, phase2 d 22 to 42, phase3 d 43 to 63, phase4 d 64 to 84). Weekly, feed consumption and pigs were weighed to calculate performance. On d 91, 98, and 105, the heaviest male and female from each pen was harvested and carcass data were collected. Performance data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, carcass data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design, and pen was the experimental unit). Statistical significance was determined at P ≤ 0.05 and tendencies were declared between 0.05< P < 0.10. At all four phases, there was no Diet effect on BW, average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI; P > 0.12), except CT pigs consumed less (P = 0.04) feed during phase4. There was no Diet effect on Phase2 gain to feed ratio (G:F), but CT pigs had greater Phase1 and 4 G:F and smaller Phase 3 G:F (P < 0.04). From d 0 to 84, there were no Diet effects on ADG and ADFI (P > 0.13), but CT pigs had greater (P = 0.02) G:F. celluTEIN carcasses tended to have greater (P = 0.09) weight and had greater (P < 0.01) dressing percent than control carcasses. There were no Diet effects for 10th or last rib fat thickness, but CT carcasses tended to have less (P = 0.07) first rib fat thickness. There were no Diet effects on loin eye area, National Pork Board (NPB) color score, Japanese color score, and L*, a*, and b* values (P > 0.24). celluTEIN carcasses had smaller NPB marbling and Japanese marbling color scores than control carcasses (P < 0.02). When supplemented to an increased protein diet, Saccharmyces yeast postbiotics improve feed conversion while positively affecting several important carcass measures.

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27

Wojtczak, L., A. Urbaniak-Kucharczyk, I. Zasada, and J. Rutkowski. "Particles, phases, fields." Banach Center Publications 37, no. 1 (1996): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/-37-1-351-360.

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28

Mahan, Vicki L. "Clinical Trial Phases." International Journal of Clinical Medicine 05, no. 21 (2014): 1374–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2014.521175.

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29

Saint-Grégoire, P. "Ferroelastic Incommensurate Phases." Key Engineering Materials 101-102 (March 1995): 237–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.101-102.237.

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30

Muholi. "Faces and Phases." Transition, no. 107 (2012): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/transition.107.113.

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31

Hyde, S. T. "Lyotropic cubic phases." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 43, a1 (August 12, 1987): C317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876738707692x.

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32

Ramirez, A. P., T. Siegrist, T. T. M. Palstra, J. D. Garrett, E. Bruck, A. A. Menovsky, and J. A. Mydosh. "Superconducting phases ofURu2Si2." Physical Review B 44, no. 10 (September 1, 1991): 5392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.44.5392.

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33

Muholi, Zanele. "Faces and Phases." Safundi 11, no. 4 (October 2010): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2010.511789.

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34

Edwards, Frances L. "The Four Phases." Administration & Society 41, no. 7 (October 26, 2009): 915–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399709348780.

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35

Abrantes-Metz, Rosa. "Pharmaceutical Development Phases." Journal of Pharmaceutical Finance, Economics & Policy 14, no. 4 (July 13, 2006): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j371v14n04_03.

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36

Davis, A. E. L. "Phases of Mars." Astronomy & Geophysics 38, no. 3 (June 1, 1997): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/38.3.8-a.

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37

Scholten, Jan. "Phases and Subphases." Homoeopathic Links 28, no. 02 (May 29, 2015): 087–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1551659.

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38

Yamanouchi, Yoshio, James E. Brewer, Kenneth F. Olson, Kent A. Mowrey, Todor N. Mazgalev, Bruce L. Wilkoff, and Patrick J. Tchou. "Fully Discharging Phases." Circulation 100, no. 8 (August 24, 1999): 826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.100.8.826.

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39

Yildirim, T., S. Hong, A. B. Harris, and E. J. Mele. "Orientational phases forM3C60." Physical Review B 48, no. 16 (October 15, 1993): 12262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.48.12262.

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40

Seethaler, Josef, and Gabriele Melischek. "Phases of Mediatization." Journalism Practice 8, no. 3 (March 11, 2014): 258–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2014.889443.

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41

Bromley, Matt. "Working across phases." SecEd 2016, no. 23 (September 22, 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/sece.2016.23.4.

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42

Tien, C., C. S. Wur, I. J. Jang, K. J. Lin, J. S. Hwang, H. M. Duh, and J. I. Yuh. "Magnetic phases inUCu2Ge2." Physical Review B 51, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 1297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.51.1297.

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43

Monnier, John D. "Phases in interferometry." New Astronomy Reviews 51, no. 8-9 (October 2007): 604–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2007.06.006.

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44

Brus, L. "Metastable DenseSemiconductor Phases." Science 276, no. 5311 (April 18, 1997): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5311.373.

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45

Geller, Robert J. "Metastable phases confirmed." Nature 347, no. 6294 (October 1990): 620–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/347620a0.

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46

Takezoe, Hideo, Keiki Kishikawa, and Ewa Gorecka. "Switchable columnar phases." Journal of Materials Chemistry 16, no. 25 (2006): 2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b603232j.

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47

Hendrickson, W. A. "Phases for proteins." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 49, s1 (August 21, 1993): c417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767378088248.

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48

Mariani, Paolo. "The cubic phases." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 1, no. 4 (August 1991): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-440x(05)80068-5.

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49

David, Laurent, and Jose M. Polo. "Phases of reprogramming." Stem Cell Research 12, no. 3 (May 2014): 754–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scr.2014.03.007.

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50

Schneider, H., B. Saruhan, D. Voll, L. Merwin, and A. Sebald. "Mullite precursor phases." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 11, no. 1 (January 1993): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-2219(93)90062-v.

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