Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phases topologiques de la matière'
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De, gail Raphaël. "Aspects topologiques des dérivés du graphène." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987051.
Full textPlekhanov, Kirill. "Topological Floquet states, artificial gauge fields in strongly correlated quantum fluids." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS264/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study the topological aspects of condensed matter physics, that received a revolutionary development in the last decades. Topological states of matter are protected against perturbations and disorder, making them very promising in the context of quantum information. The interplay between topology and interactions in such systems is however far from being well understood, while the experimental realization is challenging. Thus, in this work we investigate analytically such strongly correlated states of matter and explore new protocols to probe experimentally their properties. In order to do this, we use various analytical and numerical techniques. First, we analyze the properties of an interacting bosonic version of the celebrated Haldane model – the model for the quantum anomalous Hall effect. We propose its quantum circuit implementation based on the application of periodic time-dependent perturbations – Floquet engineering. Continuing these ideas, we study the interacting bosonic version of the Kane-Mele model – the first model of a topological insulator. This model has a very rich phase diagram with an emergence of an effective frustrated magnetic model and a variety of symmetry broken spin states in the strongly interacting regime. Ultra-cold atoms or quantum circuits implementation of both Haldane and Kane-Mele bosonic models would allow for experimental probes of the exotic states we observed. Second, in order to deepen the perspectives of quantum circuit simulations of topological phases we analyze the strong coupling limit of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and we test new experimental probes of its topology associated with the Zak phase. We also work on the out-of-equilibrium protocols to study bulk spectral properties of quantum systems and quantum phase transitions using a purification scheme which could be implemented both numerically and experimentally
Allard, Thomas. "Disorder and topology in strongly coupled light-matter systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAE031.
Full textThis thesis explores theoretically the fate of Anderson localization, as well as of topological phases of matter, in the strong light-matter coupling regime. We analyze the properties of one-dimensional systems made of dipolar emitters strongly-coupled to a multimode optical cavity. By studying a disordered chain of emitters, we find notably that, in the strong-coupling regime, increasing disorder leads almost uncoupled dark states to acquire a photonic part, allowing them to inherit polaritonic long-range transport characteristics. Investigating a dimerized chain of emitters, we study a variation of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model of polyacetylene, with the addition of an effective, cavity-induced, dipole-dipole coupling. We unveil the hybridization of the original topological edge states into polaritonic edge states that present unusual properties, such as efficient edge-to-edge transport characteristics
Ghadimi, nassiri Mikaël. "Mise en forme topologique large-bande de la lumière." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0187/document.
Full textToday, several beam shaping tools are available, some of them commercially, but most of themare designed for only one working wavelength. This thesis aims to develop several experimentalapproaches for broadband topological beam shaping of light. After the presentation of the state ofthe art, our work focuses on vortex shaping of polychromatic beam exploiting the spin-orbitinteraction of light. Concretely, we report the development of four techniques to modulate the socalledgeometric phase of polychromatic light fields. First, we describe anisotropic reflection frominterfaces that involves at least one uniaxial crystal. We identify a refractive index matchingcriterion enabling highly pure broadband phase control. Then we discuss the use of circularBragg reflection phenomenon inherent to the optics of cholesteric liquid crystals. This propertyallows the selective reflection of circularly polarized light over a bandgap while the reflected fieldacquires a geometric phase. These properties are exploited to design, fabricate and characterizestructured mirrors reflecting Laguerre-Gauss optical modes to a good approximation. The last twosolutions consist of vortex beam shaping using inhomogeneous anisotropic planar opticalelements, namely, topological defects that spontaneously appear in homeotropic nematic liquidcrystal films characterized by negative dielectric anisotropy. The first option is based on using twodefects in series while the other is based of parallel processing using an array of independentlycontrolled topological defects, each of them being dedicated to process distinct spectralchannels. The latter approach can be viewed as a spatial light modulator whose pixels areinhomogeneous and potential applications are proposed in the field of super-resolution opticalimaging and spatio-temporal beam shaping of ultrashort pulses
Louvet, Thibaud. "Phases relativistes en matière condensée." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN025/document.
Full textThis thesis adresses the study of crystals called relativistic semi-metals, in which electrons behave like massless relativistic particles.The first historical example of such a material is graphene.In this planar arrangement of carbon atoms, electronic valence and conduction bands touch at two distincts points in the reciprocal lattice. Thus, graphene is a zero-gap semiconductor, a semi-metal.The dynamics of electrons close to the Fermi level is relativistic, described by a Dirac equation, although their velocity is a hunder times lower than the velocity of light in vacuum. Analogous semi-metallic phases have recently been identified: 3D Weyl and Dirac semimetals, as well as more exotic phases described by crossings with more than two bands. This variety of relativistic materials raises the question of their common properties. A first part of this thesis presents work related to the study of the stability of these phases, i.e. of the electronic band crossing. We have investigated this stability first by relating it to topological properties, then by evaluating the effect of disorder, such as the presence of impurities in the material. In the second part, we focus on the manifestation of the relativistic nature of these electrons in transport. In a first study, we examine the condition of existence of a finite conductivity exactly at the band crossing, due to the contribution of evanescent states. A second study concerns the anomalous transport under a magnetic field in Weyl semi-metals, as a manifestation of the chiral anomaly, a unique property of massless relativistic fermions
Sterdyniak, Antoine. "Etude de l'intrication dans l'effet Hall quantique fractionnaire." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967926.
Full textKassibrakis, Serge. "Propriétés topologiques de l'espace des phases et transport anormal dans les systèmes hamiltoniens." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10167.
Full textFariñas, Sánchez Isabel. "Transitions topologiques dans des systèmes bidimensionnels de symétrie continue." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10227.
Full textThe role of interaction and spin symmetries is studied in two-dimensional O(n) spin models which are likely to describe nematic-isotropic transitions in liquid crystals. Additionally the relevance of impurties in such systems is analysed. We first study the XY model in order to check the efficiency of our numerical methods (finite-size scaling, conformal mappings). Once optimized, the numerical techniques are applied to the Lebwohl-Lasher model. A topological transition is found and the correlation functioncritical exponent is in remarkable agreement with the spin-wave approximation at low temperature. Then, we study along the same lines an Abelian and a non-Abelian model with P4-type interactions. The Abelian model displays a BKT-like transition, where as the non-Abelian model displays a first order transition with quasi-long-range order at low temperature. Finaly, the influence of quenched disorder in the XY model is studied, confirming the irrelevance of randomness in accordance with Harris criterion. In the disordered non-Abelian model with P4 interaction, we determine the phase diagram
Théveniaut, Hugo. "Méthodes d'apprentissage automatique et phases quantiques de la matière." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30228.
Full textMy PhD thesis presents three applications of machine learning to condensed matter theory. Firstly, I will explain how the problem of detecting phase transitions can be rephrased as an image classification task, paving the way to the automatic mapping of phase diagrams. I tested the reliability of this approach and showed its limits for models exhibiting a many-body localized phase in 1 and 2 dimensions. Secondly, I will introduce a variational representation of quantum many-body ground-states in the form of neural-networks and show our results on a constrained model of hardcore bosons in 2d using variational and projection methods. In particular, we confirmed the phase diagram obtained independently earlier and extends its validity to larger system sizes. Moreover we also established the ability of neural-network quantum states to approximate accurately solid and liquid bosonic phases of matter. Finally, I will present a new approach to quantum error correction based on the same techniques used to conceive the best Go game engine. We showed that efficient correction strategies can be uncovered with evolutionary optimization algorithms, competitive with gradient-based optimization techniques. In particular, we found that shallow neural-networks are competitive with deep neural-networks
Maciejewski, Michal. "Structures de l'espace des phases des halos de matière noire." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066476.
Full textMessier, Antoinette. "Interactions d'huiles silicones avec le film interfacial de phases lamellaires non ioniques." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066516.
Full textSolon, Alexandre. "Physique statistique de la matière active." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC118.
Full textActive systems, composed of particles capable of using the energy stored in their medium to self-propel, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found at all scales: from molecular motors to cellular tissues, bacterial colonies and animal groups. These out-of-equilibrium systems have attracted a lot of attention from the physics community because they show a richer phenomenology than passive systems that we can still understand using simple models. In this thesis, we study analytically and numerically minimal models of active particles. They allow us to understand different phenomena that are characteristic of active matter and to study the large-scale behavior of several classes of systems. The thermodynamics of active systems is fundamentally different from that of equilibrium systems. In particular, we show that the mechanical pressure of an active particle fluid is not given by an equation of state. The pressure is thus not a property of the fluid and depends on the details of the interaction with the containing vessel. We also study two phase transitions that specific to active matter: The motility-induced phase separation and the transition to collective motion. In both cases, we observe a phase separation between a liquid and a gas and study their coexistence. For the transition to collective motion, we exhibit two universality classes, based on the particles' symmetry, which have different types of coexistence phases
Lefrançois, Matthieu. "Théorie des champs topologiques et mécanique quantique en espace non-commutatif." Lyon 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/06/71/64/PDF/these_matthieu_lefrancois.pdf.
Full textLefrançois, Matthieu Gières François. "Théorie des champs topologiques et mécanique quantique en espace non-commutatif." Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/06/71/64/PDF/these_matthieu_lefrancois.pdf.
Full textTadjine, Athmane. "Structure électronique et propriétés de réseaux cohérents de nanocristaux semi-conducteurs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I043/document.
Full textSemiconductor nanostructuration methods are a new route leading to the tuning of charge carriers behavior. This tuning is a direct consequence of the quantum confinement effect. In this thesis, we study using numerical and analytical approaches the properties of coherent superlattices of semiconductor nanocrystals. These superlattices are synthesized by bottom-up methods of oriented self-assembly. We show that their electronic band structures can be modeled by a simple effective Hamiltonian with analytical eigenvalues. In addition, we propose a top-down method where a periodic arrangement of holes is etched in semiconductor quantum wells using lithography. We show that it is possible to artificially reproduce two-dimensional lattices of high interest such as the honeycomb, the kagome and the Lieb lattices. Most of these lattices host Dirac fermions that we also recover in the superlattices. In another chapter, we study the effect of a static magnetic field on isolated nanocrystals and on honeycomb superlattices. We predict the presence of large magnetic moments in those systems. Finally, we show that, in PbSe square superlattices, a bond-sign disorder should arise. We find that this disorder is reducible by gauge transformations and we quantify the true (residual) disorder felt by electrons
Liu, Tianhan. "Strongly Correlated Topological Phases." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066403.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated largely to the study of theoretical models describing interacting fermions with a spin-orbit coupling. These models (i) can describe a class of 2D iridate materials on the honeycomb lattice or (ii) could be realized artificially in ultra-cold gases in optical lattices. We have studied, in the first part, the half-filled honeycomb lattice model with on-site Hubbard interaction and anisotropic spin-orbit coupling. We find several different phases: the topological insulator phase at weak coupling, and two frustrated magnetic phases, the Néel order and spiral order, in the limit of strong correlations. The transition between the weak and strong correlation regimes is a Mott transition, through which electrons are fractionalized into spins and charges. Charges are localized by the interactions. The spin sector exhibits strong fluctuations which are modeled by an instanton gas. Then, we have explored a system described by the Kitaev-Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian at half-filling, which exhibits a zig-zag magnetic order. While doping the system around the quarter filling, the band structure presents novel symmetry centers apart from the inversion symmetry point. The Kitaev-Heisenberg coupling favors the formation of triplet Cooper pairs around these new symmetry centers. The condensation of these pairs around these non-trivial wave vectors is manifested by the spatial modulation of the superconducting order parameter, by analogy to the Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov (FFLO) superconductivity. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to an implementation of the Haldane and Kane-Mele topological phases in a system composed of two fermionic species on the honeycomb lattice. The driving mechanism is the RKKY interaction induced by the fast fermion species on the slower one
Yang, Fan. "Modèles topologiques de Majorana Fermions et nouvelles applications." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX041.
Full textWe present a theoretical study of topological models hosting Majorana fermion which is its own anti-particle, with relevant probe of quantum entanglement and experimental protocol for quantum engineering in cQED. In the first part, by proximity effects we address the topological superconducting wire systems, where Majorana fermions emerge as zero-energy modes at edges. By varying strengths of inter-wire couplings and changing fluxes of orbital magnetic fields, we show an interplay between topological p-wave superconductivity and quantum Hall states. For the remaining two parts of the thesis, we focus on Kitaev spin liquids that can be exactly solved in a Majorana fermion representation. We introduce valence bond fluctuations to characterize phase transitions between Abelian and non-Abelian phases, and find a general relation with the entanglement entropy. To simulate these many-body Majorana states, we propose a driven superconducting box circuit with generalizations to coupled box ensembles. There, a variety of models can be implemented including the toric code, the random Ising chain as well as the SYK Majorana model
Brugués, Ferré Jan. "Etudes de phénomènes dynamiques en matière molle et biophysique." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066124.
Full textFruchart, Michel. "Topological phases of periodically driven crystals." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN025/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at developing and using a coherent framework to characterize topological states in spatially periodic media stemming from a time-periodic drive (« topological Floquet states » or « Floquet topological insulators »), when symmetries are present. Such states are a generalization of topological insulators, which appeared from the study of the control by light of topological insulators, and from the study of the wave-physics versions of topological insulators (in acoustics, mechanics and optics). New invariants characterizing such systems are defined, in particular when fermionic time-reversal is present. The cases of complex classes A and AIII in the Cartan-Altland-Zirnbauer classification, which are already known in particular cases, are generalized to any space dimension, and their survival in real classes is discussed. Potential physical consequences in electronic systems are explored by time-resolved numerical simulation of transport properties, which show evidence of quantized average differential conductances when a topological edge state is present
Barboza, Raouf. "Solitons spatiaux et vortex optiques dans les cristaux liquides nématiques." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949652.
Full textFromholz, Pierre. "Etude des phases topologiques de type Haldane par l'intermédiaire d'un système de fermions alcalno-terreux ultrafroids de type double-puits." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0976/document.
Full textTopological phases exist beyond the standard Ginzburg-Landau paradigmthat dominated the understanding of phases and phase transitions in condensed matter systems. Paradigmatic examples have been derived to establish a new theoretical basis that takes into consideration these topological aspects. The spin 1 Haldane phase is one of them for the unidimensional case. The present thesis aims to study this phase as well as its suggested generalizations by focusing on a way to implement them experimentally using ultracold fermionic alkaline-earth atoms, that involve an internal SU(N) symmetry. The model describing the experiment is called the double-well model and depicts a lattice of two interacting chains. The model is analysed at weak coupling, strong coupling and using a numerical tool. At half-filling and inthe regime of srong repulsions between particles in the same well as well as two facing wells, a Haldane-like symmetry-protected topological phase is systematically expected for all N, including the "chiral" Haldane phase. The effective model obtained when N Æ 3 is the 3-3bar ladder model (describing two spin chains, one in the fondamental representation of SU(N), and the other in its conjuguate) and is particulary explored
Nicolis, Stamatios. "Étude des défauts topologiques dans des structures atomiques désordonnées : influence sur le spectre d'excitations." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112045.
Full textCloutier, Nancy. "Étude des comportements en matière de gestion financière adoptés par les entrepreneurs en phases de prédémarrage et démarrage." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25785.pdf.
Full textPenel-Pierron, Laurence. "Transition de phase induite par déformation dans les polymères à liaisons hydrogène : cas des copolymères éthylène-alcool vinylique et du polyamide 6." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-155.pdf.
Full textFedorov, Aleksey. "Non-conventional Many-body Phases in Ultracold Dipolar Systems." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS580/document.
Full textThe problem of revealing anddescribing novel macroscopic quantum statescharacter- ized by exotic and non-conventionalproperties is of fundamental importance formodern physics. Such states offer fascinatingprospects for potential applications in quantumin- formation processing, quantum simulation,and material research. In the present Thesis wedevelop a theory for describing nonconventionalphases of ultracold dipolar gases.The related systems of large-spin atoms, polarmolecules, and dipolar excitons in semiconductorsare actively studied in experiments.We put the main emphasis on revealing the roleof the long-range character of the dipole-dipoleinteraction.We consider the effect of rotonization for a 2Dweakly interacting gas of tilted dipolar bosonsin a homogeneous layer. We predict the effectof rotonization for a weakly correlated Bosegas of dipolar excitons in a semiconductorlayer and calculate the stability diagram. Wethen consider p-wave superfluids of identicalfermions in 2D lattices. Finally, we discussanother interesting novel superfluid offermionic polar molecules
Do, Syou-P'heng. "Composites cristaux liquides/nanoparticules, synergies entre matière molle et propriétés électroniques de nanoparticules." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS555.
Full textThe topic of this thesis is about the structure of smectic topological defects and the self-assembly of spherical gold nanoparticles trapped inside and outside these defects. We prepare liquid crystal films (about 200 nm thickness) which create arrays of perfectly oriented defect lines (mostly dislocations). These defect lines can trap nanoparticles with a diameter varying from 4 to 9 nm and induce an organization into chains oriented along the direction of the defects. This arrangement of gold nanoparticles is responsible for the anisotropy of the optical response (localized surface plasmon resonance) associated to an electromagnetic coupling in the direction of the chains which allows to control the extinction with the polarization of the light. An increase of the concentration of nanoparticles leads to an evolution of their organization from chains to hexagonal monolayers with the (10) direction parallel to the defect lines suggesting a growth mechanism around the chains. Furthermore, we reveal a compression of the nanoparticles both in the chains and in the 2D structures which we explain with a model of the interactions between nanoparticles. This model is based on a new estimation of the structure of the liquid crystal matrix by synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements which contains a rotating grain boundary with two dislocation lines at its summit (Burgers vectors 6 and 4) and another one near the substrate (Burgers vector 2). The elastic deformations of the smectic layers close to the defects are estimated. Finally, we show that the self-assembly of the nanoparticles can be modified through heating treatment
Pichon, Matthieu. "Bimodalité et autres signatures possibles de la transition de phase liquide-gaz de la matière nucléaire." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007451.
Full textHenry, Louis-Paul. "Glace bidimensionnelle classique et quantique : phases de Coulomb et phases ordonnées." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932367.
Full textMusso, Jean. "DPAO Diagramme de Phases Assisté par Ordinateur: Représentation et cheminement isothermes et isobares." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00425051.
Full textBriand, Guillaume. "Etude expérimentale des phases denses d'un liquide de disques durs actifs." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET040/document.
Full textDuring this thesis, we studied experimentally the dense phases of vibrated polar disks, a good model of active liquid.The experiment involves vibrating hard discs with two different front and rear legs. This provides them with a polarity such that they perform persistent directed motion when they are shaken vertically.These polar discs has been shown to be a good active particle model. Moreover, it has been observed that these disks form an ordered polar liquid for surface fractions around 0.40.During this thesis we worked at a higher density to study the crystallization of this active liquid. We observed a highly intermittent dynamics during which dense and ordered aggregates form but are constantly fragmented. This regime lasts until the surface fraction of 0.83, the highest that we have been able to reach at first.In order to study the possible existence of a stable crystal phase, we carried out experiments in a hexagonal arena, where it is possible to impose surface fractions of the order of 0.89 close to that of the compact hexagonal packing. We observe a crystal in the case where the arena is completely filled, however when removing a few discs the crystal flows and rotates spectacularly while maintaining a positional order.Finally, we carried out mechanical pressure measurement experiments. We have observed that the mechanical pressure exerted by the polar disks depends on the nature of the walls of the arena. We conclude that mechanical pressure is not a state variable for this system
Di, Miceli Raimondi Nathalie. "Transfert de matière liquide-liquide en micro-canal : application à la réaction chimique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7822/1/di_miceli.pdf.
Full textRegnault, Nicolas. "Spectroscopie d'intrication et son application aux phases de l'effet Hall quantique fractionnaire." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967692.
Full textDucoin, Camille. "Rôle de l'isospin dans la transition de phase liquide-gaz de la matière nucléaire." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2028.
Full textNuclear matter presents a phase transition of the liquid-gas type. This well-known feature is due to the nuclear interaction profile (mean-range attractive, short-range repulsive). Symmetric nuclear matter thermodynamics is thus analogous to that of a Van der Waals fluid. The study shows up to be more complex in the case of asymmetric matter, composed of neutrons and protons in an arbitrary proportion. Isospin, which distinguishes both constituents, gives a measure of this proportion. Studying asymmetric matter, isospin is an additional degree of freedom, which means one more dimension to consider in the space of observables. The nuclear liquid-gas transition is associated with the multi-fragmentation phenomenon observed in heavy-ion collisions, and to compact-star physics : the involved systems are neutron rich, so they are affected by the isospin degree of freedom. The present work is a theoretical study of isospin effects which appear in the asymmetric-nuclear-matter liquid-gas phase transition. A mean-field approach is used, with a Skyrme nuclear effective interaction. We demonstrate the presence of a first-order phase transition for asymmetric matter, and study the isospin distillation phenomenon associated with this transition. The case of phase separation at thermodynamic equilibrium is compared to spinodal decomposition. Finite size effects are addressed, as well as the influence of the electron gas which is present in the astrophysical context
Haddad, Noël. "Etude des propriétés diélectriques des phases MAX par spectroscopie de pertes d'énergies des électrons." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662325.
Full textHarman-Clarke, Adam. "Contraintes Topologiques et Ordre dans les Systèmes Modèle pour le Magnétisme Frustré." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENSL0659.
Full textIn this thesis a series of model frustrated magnets have been investigated. Their common parent is the spin ice model, which is transformed into the kagome ice and square ice models in two-dimensions, and an Ising spin chain model in one-dimension. These models have been examined with particular interest in the spin ordering transitions induced by constraints on the system: a topological constraint leads, under appropriate conditions, to the Kasteleyn transition in kagome ice and a lattice freezing transition is observed in square ice which is due to a ferromagnetic ordering transition in an Ising chain induced solely by finite size effects. In all cases detailed Monte Carlo computational simulations have been carried out and compared with theoretical expressions to determine the characteristics of these transitions. In order to correctly simulate the kagome ice model a loop update algorithm has been developed which is compatible with the topological constraints in the system and permits the simulation to remain strictly on the groundstate manifold within the appropriate topological sector of the phase space. A thorough survey of the thermodynamic and neutron scattering response of the kagome ice model influenced by an arbitrary in-plane field has led to a deeper understanding of the Kasteleyn transition, and a computational model that can predict neutron scattering patterns for kagome ice materials under any experimental conditions. This model has also been shown to exhibit quantised thermodynamic properties under appropriate conditions and should provide a fertile testing ground for future work on the consequences of topological constraints and topological phase transitions. A combined investigation into the square ice and Ising chain models has revealed ordering behaviour within the lattice that may be decoupled from underlying ferro- magnetic ordering and is particularly relevant to magnetic nanoarrays
Phuphachong, Thanyanan. "Magneto-spectroscopy of Dirac matter : graphene and topological insulators." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066170.
Full textThis thesis reports on the study under magnetic field of the electronic properties of relativistic-like Dirac fermions in two Dirac systems: graphene and topological insulators. Their analogies with high-energy physics and their potential applications have attracted great attention for fundamental research in condensed matter physics. The carriers in these two materials obey a Dirac Hamiltonian and the energy dispersion is analogous to that of the relativistic particles. The particle rest mass is related to the band gap of the Dirac material, with the Fermi velocity replacing the speed of light. Graphene has been considered as a “role model”, among quantum solids, that allows us to study the relativistic behavior of massless Dirac fermions satisfying a linear dispersion. When a Dirac system possesses a nonzero gap, we have massive Dirac fermions. Massless and massive Dirac fermions were studied in high-mobility multilayer epitaxial graphene and in topological crystalline insulators Pb1-xSnxSe and Pb1-xSnxTe. The latter system is a new class of topological materials where the bulk states are insulating but the surface states are conducting. This particular aspect results from the inversion of the lowest conduction and highest valence bulk bands having different parities, leading to a topological phase transition. Infrared magneto-spectroscopy is an ideal technique to probe these zero-gap or narrow gap materials since it provides quantitative information about the bulk parameters via the Landau quantization of the electron states. In particular, the topological phase transition can be characterized by a direct measurement of the topological index
Bacchin, Patrice. "Génie des interactions physico chimiques :Applications à la transformation de la matière molle." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143590.
Full textMarchal, Luc. "Contribution à la théorie et au développement de la chromatographie de partage centrifuge : Etude de l'hydrodynamique des phases et du transfert de matière." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2049.
Full textSeghir, Sakina. "Extraction et transfert de cations métalliques par les réactions électrochimiques d'intercalation réversibles dans les phases de Chevrel : application à la valorisation-matière d'effluents." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ047S/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is the study of a new electrochemical process. The industrial activity generates large amounts of liquid waste containing heavy metals. Processes used for treating this kind of materials are precipitation, solvent extraction or ion exchange. The limits of such treatments are due to their selectivity towards cations mixtures. A new original electrochemical way is purposed as an alternative of these techniques. This work deals with the extraction and the selective transfer of metal ions contained in liquid effluents or in lixiviats of industrial processes. This technique is based on the reversible redox reactions of insertion and deinsertion of cations in mineral host lattice matrices. The mineral matrix consist in a ternary molybdenum chalcogenides MxMo6X8 (where M = ternary metal cation and X= S, Se) known as Chevrel. This disc is obtained by a technique of synthesis at high temperature. The electrochemical transfer junction ETJ consists of a Mo6S8 or Mo6Se8 disc compacted by hot pressing. This method consists with a synthesis by reactive hot pressing, from mixture of powder of composition adapted for the stoichiometry of desired material. We have obtained a disc (thickness = 4mm, diameter = 25mm) with a compactness rate about 98%. The electrochemical junction allowed a good mechanical behaviour. All experiments were then carried out in a laboratory cell which allow to establish the performances and to locate the limits of the process on the cations Co2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Cu2+. These experiments show that the transfer results from a simple galvanic process between two auxiliary electrodes located in each compartment. The transfer faradic yields about 100% were achieved until a current density of 1.6 mA.cm-2. The results confirm the feasibility of a transfer process. The real operations of the selective transfer are shown with applications for remarkable separations as Co/Ni, Cd/Ni with Mo6S8 and Zn/Ni, Ni/Cd, Mn/Zn with Mo6Se8. The extraction of a solution of cation by an electrolytic process could open many ways of application in the mineral liquid waste management. This process is now being developed for investigations of real industrial liquid wastes. To establish an ion migration modeling, the diffusion coefficients of the various cations in each polycrystalline matrix were measured by various electrochemical techniques. Mobilities of each cation are close and the diffusion coefficients about 10-9 cm2.s-1 except for the selenious matrix through which ions Fe, Co, Ni are not transfer. The proposals of transfer mode for the optimal speeds result in considering, the conditionings in stoichiometry of the ETJ and to resort to low thicknesses for the junctions. The results presented confirm the potentiality of this new mode of treatment and allow considering a technology transfer for the valorization of industrial wastes
Chandelier, Frédéric. "Quelques applications de la théorie des champs à la physique de la matière condensée : l'effet Hall quantique dans tous ses états." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005442.
Full textZheng, Xin. "Frittage de particules métalliques supportées : modélisation et analyse d'images." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10309.
Full textTahimi, Abdeladhim. "Plasticité induite par transformations de phases dans les aciers : Expérience vs modélisations." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737534.
Full textPainmanakul, Pisut. "Analyse locale du transfert de matière associé à la formation de bulles générées par différents types d'orifices dans différentes phases liquides Newtoniennes : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAT0015.
Full textA large number of technical applications in water treatment, metallurgy, medicine, and a variety of chemical engineering processes are based on mass transfer unit operation involving a dispersion of the gas bubble into the liquid phase (gas bubble reactors). In this study, the objective is to understand the parameters which control the mass transfer efficiency and thus control the reactor performances used in the industrial operating condition. Firstly, by using the membrane gas sparger comparison techniques (image analysis), the influence of different membrane characteristics on the mass transfer efficiency and on the power consumption is observed. Then, the effect of physical chemistry (surfactant and wine) has been studied in term of the generated bubble sizes and forms, the bubble formation frequency, the terminal bubble rising velocity, the drag coefficient and thus the interfaciale area (a). Regarding to the study of mass transfer, the new experimental method for determining the local volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) has been proposed. The liquid side mass transfer coefficient (kL) can be then deduced from the dissociation of kLa by a obtained experimentally. Finally, an original kL determination model based on the bubble physical properties and the physical chemistry of liquid phase has been proposed to provide a better understanding of this parameter
Shevtsov, Oleksii. "Contribution à la théorie du transport quantique : isolants topologiques à base de graphène et phénomènes à fréquence finie." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770160.
Full textKuzhir, Pavel. "SUSPENSIONS MAGNETIQUES : LA RHEOLOGIE ET LA SEPARATION." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01073537.
Full textTurpin, Thierry. "Etude des transferts de matière et des transformations de phases au cours de la cémentation en phase gazeuse à la pression atmosphérique d'aciers inoxydables fortement alliés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL046N.
Full textFlayac, Hugo. "Nouvelles tendances dans les condensats d'exciton-polaritons spineurs : défauts topologiques et structures de basse dimensionnalité." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822148.
Full textBriceño-Ahumada, Zenaida Cenorina. "Propriétés rhéologiques et moussantes des phases lamellaire et éponge du système dodécylsulfate de sodium-hexanol-saumure." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS331.
Full textIn this thesis a study of the rheological and foaming properties of the lamellar and sponge phases of the SDS/hexanol/brine system was performed. Shear rate and temperature sweeps were done to analyze the rheology of the lamellar and sponge phases, adding frequency sweeps for the lamellar phase samples. Also, foamability and foam stability tests of foams made with these two phases were done. Sponge phase samples with membrane volume fractions phi ≥ 0.08 showed a Newtonian behavior, whereas in the less concentrated ones, phi 0.05 and 0.024, a change in viscosity was seen at shear rate values near to 1000 and 100 s ⁻¹, respectively. This change can be linked to a shear induced transition sponge to lamellar phase. Results indicate that temperature and the addition of the hydrosoluble polymer PEG affect the shear rate value at which this transition occurs. Lamellar phase samples with phi ≥ 0.10 presented a sharp increase in viscosity at intermediate shear rate values. The standard rheology technique together with Rheo-SAXS experiments allowed us to infer that there is a shear induced phase transition to vesicle phase. Rheo-SAXS data confirmed that the average interlamellar vesicle phase decreases by the effect of shear rate, and, when shear is stopped, the vesicle structure is relaxed and goes back to the lamellar phase after certain time. Foams made with lamellar phase samples showed a high stability and it was found that the time evolution of the bubble diameter follows a power law equation with exponents smaller than those reported for coarsening and Ostwald ripening. The small values of these exponents seem to be related with orientation defects of the liquid crystalline phase. On the opposite, the foams made with the sponge phase samples presented poor stability, as a possible consequence of the passages that form their structure that could facilitate coalescence of bubbles
Ribeiro, Bruno. "Morphology as a tracer of evolution in the early phases of galaxy assembly." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4744/document.
Full textThe global properties of galaxies show a strong evolution of the star formation rate and stellar mass density at the epoch of galaxy assembly, driven by several competing physical processes (merging, accretion, feedback, environment,...). The morphological properties of galaxies are also strongly evolving over the same timescales. I investigate how the evolution of the morphological properties is connected to the spectrophotometric properties of galaxies since z~6. The spectroscopic data obtained within the VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey (VUDS), a new unique spectroscopic survey of ~10000 galaxies between redshifts z~2 and z~6 conducted at the ESO-VLT, combined with the available Hubble Space Telescope imaging surveys such as COSMOS or CANDELS provide a great way of probing galactic evolution across this cosmic epoch.From the results that I have obtained, I conclude that the different morphological properties of star-forming galaxies at 2
Le, Treust Loïc. "Méthodes variationnelles et topologiques pour l'étude de modèles non liénaires issus de la mécanique relativiste." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908953.
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