Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phase transforming cellular materials

Academic literature on the topic 'Phase transforming cellular materials'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Phase transforming cellular materials"

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Restrepo, David, Nilesh D. Mankame, and Pablo D. Zavattieri. "Phase transforming cellular materials." Extreme Mechanics Letters 4 (September 2015): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2015.08.001.

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Aljabi, Nadia. "Phase Transforming Cellular Materials (PXCMs) Design and Assembly." Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research 6, no. 1 (2016): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316203.

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Pollalis, William, Prateek Shah, Yunlan Zhang, Nilesh Mankame, Pablo Zavattieri, and Santiago Pujol. "Dynamic response of a Single-Degree-of-Freedom system containing Phase Transforming Cellular Materials." Engineering Structures 275 (January 2023): 115205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115205.

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Peddireddy, Karthik, Simon Čopar, Khoa V. Le, Igor Muševič, Christian Bahr, and Venkata S. R. Jampani. "Self-shaping liquid crystal droplets by balancing bulk elasticity and interfacial tension." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 14 (March 31, 2021): e2011174118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011174118.

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The shape diversity and controlled reconfigurability of closed surfaces and filamentous structures, universally found in cellular colonies and living tissues, are challenging to reproduce. Here, we demonstrate a method for the self-shaping of liquid crystal (LC) droplets into anisotropic and three-dimensional superstructures, such as LC fibers, LC helices, and differently shaped LC vesicles. The method is based on two surfactants: one dissolved in the LC dispersed phase and the other in the aqueous continuous phase. We use thermal stimuli to tune the bulk LC elasticity and interfacial energy, thereby transforming an emulsion of polydispersed, spherical nematic droplets into numerous, uniform-diameter fibers with multiple branches and vice versa. Furthermore, when the nematic LC is cooled to the smectic-A LC phase, we produce monodispersed microdroplets with a tunable diameter dictated by the cooling rate. Utilizing this temperature-controlled self-shaping of LCs, we demonstrate life-like smectic LC vesicle structures analogous to the biomembranes in living systems. Our experimental findings are supported by a theoretical model of equilibrium interface shapes. The shape transformation is induced by negative interfacial energy, which promotes a spontaneous increase of the interfacial area at a fixed LC volume. The method was successfully applied to many different LC materials and phases, demonstrating a universal mechanism for shape transformation in complex fluids.
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Omarizadeh, Khaled, Mohammad Reza Farahpour, and Mahshid Alipour. "Topical Administration of an Ointment Prepared From Satureja sahendica Essential Oil Accelerated Infected Full-Thickness Wound Healing by Modulating Inflammatory Response in a Mouse Model." Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice 33, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25270/wnds/321328.

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Introduction. Satureja sahendica has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that can have beneficial effects for decreasing inflammation in infected wounds. Objective. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an ointment prepared from S sahendica essential oil (SSO) on an infected wound model in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods. One full-thickness excisional skin wound was surgically created per animal and inoculated with 5 × 107 colony-forming units of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Following induction of the wound, the mice (N = 90) were treated with soft yellow paraffin (negative control, n = 18), mupirocin (positive control, n = 18) and 1%, 2%, and 4% SSO (n = 18 in each of the 3 groups). To determine the effect of the treatments on healing of an infected wound, the following factors were assessed: rate of the wound area, tissue bacterial count, histopathology, collagen biosynthesis, immunohistochemistry, and the expressions of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-4, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß), and chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 1 (CXCL-1) on days 3, 7, and 14 after induction of the wound. Results. Topical administration of SSO shortened the inflammatory phase, accelerated cellular proliferation, and increased fibroblast distribution per 1 mm2, collagen deposition, and rapid reepithelialization in comparison with control animals (P <.05). The messenger RNA levels of IGF-1, IL-10, FGF-2, VEGF, TGF-ß1, and CXCL-1 were remarkably increased, and IL-1ß level decreased (P <.05) in the treated animals compared with the control group (P <.05). The immunohistochemical analyses showed topical administration of SSO increased collagen biosynthesis in the treated group (P <.05). Conclusions. Topical administration of SSO shows evidence of accelerating wound healing by upregulating the expression of IGF-1, IL-10, FGF-2, VEGF, TGF-ß, and CXCL-1; shortening the inflammatory stage; and promoting the proliferative phase.
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Yarov, Yuriy. "Intensity and duration of phases of wound healing after surgical intervention in сases of spontaneous periodontitis accompanied by various reactivity of the body." ScienceRise: Medical Science, no. 2(41) (April 5, 2021): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4798.2021.228287.

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The usage of the principle of optimal management, namely such effects on complicated forms, when the course of the disease is close to that of uncomplicated course of the disease is very promising in drug therapy of patients with generalized periodontitis. The aim is to study the intensity and duration of the phases of wound healing of the mucosa after spontaneous periodontitis surgery accompanied by normo-, hyper- and hyporeactivity of the body by cytological examination of smear-imprints of wound exudate. Materials and methods: The experiments were performed on 24 adult mongrel dogs divided into three equal groups. In the first group, drugs that disrupt the reactivity of the organism were not used (normoreactivity of the organism). In the second group, the animals were simulated a сondition of hyperreactivity, in the third group – the hyporeactivity of the organism. All the animals with spontaneous periodontitis underwent a patchwork surgery. In the period after surgery, cytological examination was performed on the 1st, 4th, 6th and 9th day of the experiment. Results: It has been revealed that in cases of the normal reactivity of the organism the following periods of cellular reactions during the healing of the gums mucous membrane can be differentiated within the appropriate terms: the period of degenerative-inflammatory changes (1st day), active granulocyte-macrophage reaction (4th day), reparations (6th day) and the period of increase of reparative processes with a decrease in the overall cellular response (9th day). Examination of smear-imprints after surgical treatment in animals with spontaneous periodontitis with hyper- and hyporeactivity of the body allowed to identify the same periods of cellular reactions during the healing of the gingival mucosa, as in cases of normoreaction with hyperreation.Tthe intensity and duration of the wound healing phases differed from those which are typical for normoreactivity of the body: granulocyte-macrophage reaction was more pronounced and lasted longer until the 6th day, so later only on the 9th day there were cellular signs of regeneration. With hyporeaction, the intensity and duration of the wound healing phases differed from those which are typical for normoreactivity of the body: granulocyte reaction occurred later (only on the 6th day) and lasted longer, signs of active regeneration appeared later on the 9th day. Therefore, postoperative wound healing in animals with impaired body reactivity was delayed for 3-4 days. Conclusions: Thus, direct medical correction with transforming intensity and duration of the phases of the wound process which are characteristic for impaired reactivity of the body into the phases which are typical for normoreaction is essential. It provides synchronization of necrotic and reparative processes and creates conditions for normal uncomplicated healing of periodontal soft tissues
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Liu, Jingran, Huasong Qin, and Yilun Liu. "Dynamic behaviors of phase transforming cellular structures." Composite Structures 184 (January 2018): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.10.002.

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Bhattacharya, Kaushik, and Georg Dolzmann. "Relaxed constitutive relations for phase transforming materials." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 48, no. 6-7 (June 2000): 1493–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5096(99)00093-9.

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Todoriko, L. D., and Ya I. Toderika. "The role of melatonin in the formation of tuberculotic inflammation, forecast regarding the influence on the effectiveness of treatment in the conditions of the COVID­-19 pandemic (literature review)." Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases, HIV Infection, no. 4 (December 5, 2022): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/tb2022-4-36.

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Objective — to study the role of melatonin in the formation of tuberculous inflammation and the prospects of its influence on increasing the effectiveness of treatment in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, by conducting an analysis of information from available sources of literature on the selected topic. Materials and methods. The research was carried out for the period from December 2021 to September 2022. Access to various full-text and abstract databases was used as the main source of research. Results and discussion. A large number of studies carried out so far prove the connection between the influence of melatonin and tuberculosis inflammation, since tuberculosis infection can be associated with seasonal changes in the immune system, and these processes are correlated and accompanied by fluctuations in the level of melatonin. Th1-type specific cellular immunity is responsible for protective immunity in tuberculosis, while the Th2-type response underlies the progressive nature of inflammation. T-lymphocytes and macrophages have been shown to have receptors for melatonin, and they are also target cells for its immunomodulatory function. Melatonin has been shown to regulate gene expression of several immu­nomodulatory cytokines, including TNF-α, transforming growth factor-β, and macrophage stem cell factor.Thus, the conducted narrowly differentiated analysis based on available literature sources allows us to predict that melatonin can stimulate the Th1 immune response in TB and may have an immunoprotective effect on the Th1-type subtype of the delayed-type immune response during the acute phase of mycobac­terial inflammation. Conclusions. The analysis of the tuberculosis situation in Bukovina indicates a tendency towards an increase in the incidence rate in 2021 compared to 2020. The same dynamics are maintained in the first half of 2022. At the same time, no significant changes in the mortality rate were found. The above analysis of the main indicators of epidemiology indicates the sufficient importance of the problem of tuberculosis for the coming years, and therefore, the search for methods of increasing the effectiveness of the treatment of this pathology, especially under the conditions of multiple and extended drug resistance, is an important task of modern phthisiology. The analysis of the available data base accumulated to date on the role of melatonin in the pathophysiology of the formation of an inflammatory reaction in the lungs and its influence on the clinical course and effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis therapy is a promising scientific direction of research. The appointment of melatonin along with traditional methods of treatment of tuberculosis can have a positive effect on increasing the effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis therapy in patients with the pulmonary form of tuberculosis.
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Purohit, P. "Dynamics of strings made of phase-transforming materials." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 51, no. 3 (March 2003): 393–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5096(02)00097-2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phase transforming cellular materials"

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Vázquez, Diosdado Jorge Alberto. "A cellular automata approach for the simulation and development of advanced phase change memory devices." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4141.

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Phase change devices in both optical and electrical formats have been subject of intense research since their discovery by Ovshinsky in the early 1960’s. They have revolutionized the technology of optical data storage and have very recently been adopted for non-volatile semiconductor memories. Their great success relies on their remarkable properties enabling high-speed, low power consumption and stable retention. Nevertheless, their full potential is still yet to be realized. Operations in electrical phase change devices rely on the large resistivity contrast between the crystalline (low resistance) and amorphous (high resistance) structures. The underlying mechanisms of phase transformations and the relation between structural and electrical properties in phase change materials are quite complex and need to be understood more deeply. For this purpose, we compare different approaches to mathematical modelling that have been suggested to realistically simulate the crystallization and amorphization of phase change materials. In this thesis the recently introduced Gillespie Cellular Automata (GCA) approach is used to obtain direct simulation of the structural phases and the electrical states of phase change materials and devices. The GCA approach is a powerful technique to understand the nanostructure evolution during the crystallization (SET) and amorphization (RESET) processes in phase change devices over very wide length scales. Using this approach, a detailed study of the electrical properties and nanostructure dynamics during SET and RESET processes in a PCRAM cell is presented. Besides the possibility of binary storage in phase change memory devices, there is a wider and far-reaching potential for using them as the basis for new forms of arithmetic and cognitive computing. The origin of such potential lies in a previously under-explored property, namely accumulation which has the potential to implement basic arithmetic computations. We exploit and explore this accumulative property in films and devices. Furthermore, we also show that the same accumulation property can be used to mimic a simple integrate and fire neuron. Thus by combining both a phase change cell operating in the accumulative regime for the neural body and a phase change cell in the multilevel regime for the synaptic weighting an artificial neuromorphic system can be obtained. This may open a new route for the realization of phase change based cognitive computers. This thesis also examines the relaxation oscillations observed under suitable bias conditions in phase change devices. The results presented are performed through a circuit analysis in addition with a generation and recombination mechanism driven by the electric field and carrier densities. To correctly model the oscillations we show that it is necessary to include a parasitic inductance. Related to the electrical states of phase change materials and devices is the threshold switching of the amorphous phase at high electric fields and recent work has suggested that such threshold switching is the result of field-induced nucleation. An electric field induced nucleation mechanism is incorporated into the GCA approach by adding electric field dependence to the free energy of the system. Using results for a continuous phase change thin films and PCRAM devices we show that a purely electronic explanation of threshold switching, rather than field-induced nucleation, provides threshold fields closer to experimentally measured values.
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Wingkono, Gracy A. "Combinatorial Technique for Biomaterial Design." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7264.

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Combinatorial techniques have changed the paradigm of materials research by allowing a faster data acquisition in complex problems with multidimensional parameter space. The focus of this thesis is to demonstrate biomaterials design and characterization via preparation of two dimensional combinatorial libraries with chemically-distinct structured patterns. These are prepared from blends of biodegradable polymers using thickness and temperature gradient techniques. The desired pattern in the library is chemically-distinct cell adhesive versus non-adhesive micro domains that improve library performance compared to previous implementations that had modest chemical differences. Improving adhesive contrast should minimize the competing effects of chemistry versus physical structure. To accomplish this, a method of blending and crosslinking cell adhesive poly(季aprolactone) (PCL) with cell non-adhesive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was developed. We examine the interaction between MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells and PCL-PEG libraries of thousands of distinct chemistries, microstructures, and roughnesses. These results show that cells grown on such patterned biomaterial are sensitive to the physical distribution and phases of the PCL and PEG domains. We conclude that the cells adhered and spread on PCL regions mixed with PEG-crosslinked non-crystalline phases. Tentatively, we attribute this behavior to enhanced physical, as well as chemical, contrast between crystalline PCL and non-crystalline PEG.
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Frascone, Patrick. "Phase transforming metals as negative stiffness inclusions in composite materials." 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/58525963.html.

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(8045321), Yunlan Zhang. "Stress- and Temperature-Induced Phase Transforming Architected Materials with Multistable Elements." Thesis, 2019.

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Architected materials are a class of materials with novel properties that consist of numerous periodic unit cells. In past investigations, researchers have demonstrated how architected materials can achieve these novel properties by tailoring the features of the unit cells without changing the bulk materials. Here, a group of architected materials called Phase Transforming Cellular Materials (PXCMs) are investigated with the goal of mimicking the novel properties of shape-memory alloys. A general methodology is developed for creating 1D PXCMs that exhibit temperature-induced reverse phase transformations (i.e., shape memory effect) after undergoing large deformations. During this process, the PXCMs dissipate energy but remain elastic (i.e., superelasticity). Next, inspired by the hydration-induced shape recovery of feathers, a PXCM-spring system is developed that uses the superelasticity of PXCMs to achieve shape recovery. Following these successes, the use of PXCMs to resist simulated seismic demands is evaluated. To study how they behave in a dynamic environment and how well their response can be estimated in such an environment, a single degree of freedom-PXCM system is subjected to a series of simulated ground motions. Lastly, the concept of PXCMs is extended into two dimensions by creating PXCMs that achieve superelasticity in two or more directions. Overall, the findings of this investigation indicate that PXCMs: 1) can achieve shape memory and recovery effects through temperature changes, 2) offer a novel alternative to traditional building materials for resisting seismic demands, and 3) can be expanded into two dimensions while still exhibiting superelasticity.

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Jing-WeiLien and 連敬偉. "Nanoindentation and micro-compression behavior of multilayers containing phase transforming materials." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25804921515088300826.

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碩士
國立成功大學
土木工程學系專班
98
Phase-transforming materials, such as vanadium dioxide (VO2) or barium titanate (BaTiO3), are known to be ferroelectric and ferroelastic. Solid-solid phase transformation from one crystal symmetry to another upon varying temperature or external electromagnetic radiation or mechanical stress fields can be triggered. As predicted by Landau’s phenomenological theory of phase transition, the material system is at a high energy state in the vicinity of phase transition. The intent of this study was to determine if high damping and high stiffness (HDHS) composites with nano-scale microstructures could be fabricated and realized with phase-transforming inclusions. Bulk particulate composites composed of similar constituents have been shown to possess extremely high damping and high viscoelastic stiffness, and it is expected that composite with nano-scale microstructure may behave in a similar manner. Micro-pillars were made using Dual Beam Focused Ion Beam (DB-FIB) out of multilayer thin films, and the films were made by sputtering deposition. Nanoindentation and micro-compression experiments were performed on copper thin films, barium titanate (BaTiO3) thin films, Cu/BaTiO3/Cu multi-layered thin films and micro-pillars. Silicon substrates and silicon micro-pillars were also tested for baseline comparison. High temperature, isothermal and heating nanoindentation tests were conducted on fused silica (amorphous SiO2) to verify the capabilities and isothermal of the MTS G200 nanoindenter. To study the tetragonal to cubic phase transformation in BaTiO3, both isothermal and heating experiments were conducted to investigate the phase transformation of single BaTiO3 layers and related Cu/BaTiO3/Cu multilayers. Nanoindentation tests at high temperature for SiO2 showed its hardness was 9 GPa, and Young’s modulus was 70 GPa. From nanoindentation tests, it was found that the hardness and modulus of BaTiO3 single layer thin films were 11 GPa and 170 GPa, respectively. Temperature-induced anomalies in load and displacement signals were observed from the micro-pillar experiments, but not clearly from nanoindentation tests. The phase transformation of the confined barium titanate layer may be responsible for the anomalies. These results provide basic understandings of phase transformation in confined environments. Through TEM analysis, we found crystalline BaTiO3 phases after heating and micro-compression, which may be form due to phase transformation or grain growth. TEM studies of the as-deposited barium titanate films did not show crystalline phases, but the films may still possibly contain a small amount of nanoscale crystalline grains. In addition, it was found that phase transformation temperature was between 40°C (313K) to 80°C (353K), different from the transformation temperature of bulk barium titanate, which is about 600°C (873K). The shift in transformation temperature may be due to stress-induced mechanisms from the geometry and loading conditions. As for stability of the phenomena, it was found that the process took about 0.6 sec. It is possible that phase transformations were occurred in some regions but not detected due to the amount of materials being transformed is not enough to change mechanical loading and displacements.
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Chih-ChiehLu and 呂志介. "Mechanical properties of composite materials having solid-solid phase-transforming inclusions." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17798782154264553246.

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碩士
國立成功大學
土木工程學系碩博士班
101
In this research, two approaches are adopted to study high damping and high stiffness (HDHS) composites. One utilizes the conventional method in the viscoelastic composite theory to combine metallic materials with polymer, and the other adopts the negative-stiffness concept through phase-transforming particulate inclusions such as VO2 and BaTiO3. For the conventional method, the polymers, such as hot melt adhesive (HMA) and polyamide, are embedded into stainless steel, as a core, to form composite materials. Although this may not yield ideal HDHS composites, this approach ensures the outer surface of the composite as stiff and high strength as the metal matrix. Its overall damping is significantly improved, as oppose to its metal counterpart. It is found that, with small amount of polymer inclusion, the steel-polymer composites exhibit large increases in loss tangent, in expense of reducing overall modulus through the identification of resonant peaks in the low frequency regime. Through resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) experiments, we found that the torsional resonant frequency in relation to the hole size in the steel cubes. For the stainless steel cube with a volume of V=25mm x 25mm x 25mm cube, the constant torsion resonant frequency was around 57 kHz. Loss tangent increases as the volume of polymer increase, and the tan delta of stainless steel with polyamide is larger than that of steel with the HMA inclusion. For the steel-polymer composite with a hole size of 24 mm, its tan delta with polyamide inclusion is 3.952x10^{-2} larger than the hollow stainless steel cube, and is 2.1517x10^{-2} larger than that of steel with HMA inclusion. As for the negative-stiffness composites, the phase-transforming particles are placed in the polymers. Experimental investigations with the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy and dynamic shear rheometer are conducted. Phase-transforming particles in the polymer matrix, in some cases, show increase of damping, but no effects on modulus. It is hypothesized that the stiffness of polymer matrix may not be large enough to dance with the particulate inclusions in the vicinity of phase transformation. However, it is found that polyamide matrix, albeit weak in stiffness, still showed anomalous signals in loss tangent and dynamic modulus around the transformation temperature of the inclusions. By DSR, the polyamide+VO2 (5%) shows anomalous increase in tan delta by about 0.0264, as to all other samples. The amount of inclusions and matrix stiffness must be balanced to observe the anomalies. In addition to mechanical enhancements in the ferroelastic polymer composites, it has been reported in the literature that flexible electronic devices that contain ferroelastic inclusions in polymer matrix may exhibit unusual electrical properties.
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Ghoneim, Adam. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Transient Liquid Phase Bonding of Single Crystal Superalloys." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4956.

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The primary goals of the research in this dissertation are to perform a systematic study to identify and understand the fundamental cause of prolonged processing time during transient liquid phase bonding of difficult-to-bond single crystal Ni-base materials, and use the acquired knowledge to develop an effective way to reduce the isothermal solidification time without sacrificing the single crystalline nature of the base materials. To achieve these objectives, a multi-scale numerical modeling approach, that involves the use of a 2-D fully implicit moving-mesh Finite Element method and a Cellular Automata method, was developed to theoretically investigate the cause of long isothermal solidification times and determine a viable way to minimize the problem. Subsequently, the predictions of the theoretical models are experimentally validated. Contrary to previous suggestions, numerical calculations and experimental verifications have shown that enhanced intergranular diffusivity has a negligible effect on solidification time in cast superalloys and that another important factor must be responsible. In addition, it was found that the concept of competition between solute diffusivity and solubility as predicted by standard analytical TLP bonding models and reported in the literature as a possible cause of long solidification times is not suitable to explain salient experimental observations. In contrast, however, this study shows that the problem of long solidification times, which anomalously increase with temperature is fundamentally caused by departure from diffusion controlled parabolic migration of the liquid-solid interface with holding time during bonding due to a significant reduction in the solute concentration gradient in the base material. Theoretical analyses showed it is possible to minimize the solidification time and prevent formation of stray-grains in joints between single crystal substrates by using a composite powder mixture of brazing alloy and base alloy as the interlayer material, which prior to the present work has been reported to be unsuitable. This was experimentally verified and the use of the composite powder mixture as interlayer material to reduce the solidification time and avoid stray-grain formation during TLP bonding of single crystal superalloys has been reported for the first time in this research.
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Books on the topic "Phase transforming cellular materials"

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Narlikar, A. V., and Y. Y. Fu, eds. Oxford Handbook of Nanoscience and Technology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533053.001.0001.

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This Handbook presents important developments in the field of nanoscience and technology, focusing on the advances made with a host of nanomaterials including DNA and protein-based nanostructures. Topics include: optical properties of carbon nanotubes and nanographene; defects and disorder in carbon nanotubes; roles of shape and space in electronic properties of carbon nanomaterials; size-dependent phase transitions and phase reversal at the nanoscale; scanning transmission electron microscopy of nanostructures; the use of microspectroscopy to discriminate nanomolecular cellular alterations in biomedical research; holographic laser processing for three-dimensional photonic lattices; and nanoanalysis of materials using near-field Raman spectroscopy. The volume also explores new phenomena in the nanospace of single-wall carbon nanotubes; ZnO wide-bandgap semiconductor nanostructures; selective self-assembly of semi-metal straight and branched nanorods on inert substrates; nanostructured crystals and nanocrystalline zeolites; unusual properties of nanoscale ferroelectrics; structural, electronic, magnetic, and transport properties of carbon-fullerene-based polymers; fabrication and characterization of magnetic nanowires; and properties and potential of protein-DNA conjugates for analytic applications.
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Book chapters on the topic "Phase transforming cellular materials"

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Khaddor, Yasser, Abdes-samed Bernoussi, Khalid Addi, Mohamed Byari, and Mustapha Ouardouz. "Modeling Phase Change Materials Using Cellular Automata." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 173–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14926-9_16.

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Reisner, G., and F. D. Fischer. "Discretization Concepts for Solid — Solid Phase Transforming Materials." In IUTAM Symposium on Discretization Methods in Structural Mechanics, 273–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4589-3_32.

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Burbelko, Andriy A., Edward Fraś, Wojciech Kapturkiewicz, and Ewa Olejnik. "Nonequilibrium Kinetics of Phase Boundary Movement in Cellular Automaton Modelling." In Materials Science Forum, 405–10. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-991-1.405.

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DeSimone, A. "Pulling Phase-Transforming Bars: A Three-Dimensional Viewpoint." In IUTAM Symposium on Computational Mechanics of Solid Materials at Large Strains, 67–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0297-3_6.

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Dimaki, Andrey V., and Evgeny V. Shilko. "Theoretical Study of Physico-mechanical Response of Permeable Fluid-Saturated Materials Under Complex Loading Based on the Hybrid Cellular Automaton Method." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 485–501. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_21.

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AbstractWe give a brief description of the results obtained by Prof. Sergey G. Psakhie and his colleagues in the field of theoretical studies of mechanical response, including fracture, of permeable fluid-saturated materials. Such materials represent complex systems of interacting solid and liquid phases. Mechanical response of such a medium is determined by processes taking place in each phase as well as their interaction. This raised a need of developing a new theoretical approach of simulation of such media—the method of hybrid cellular automaton that allowed describing stress-strain fields in solid skeleton, transfer of a fluid in crack-pore volume and influence of fluid pressure on the stress state of the solid phase. The new method allowed theoretical estimation of strength of liquid-filled permeable geomaterials under complex loading conditions. Governing parameters controlling strength of samples under uniaxial loading and shear in confined conditions were identified.
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Pepys, Mark B. "The acute phase response and C-reactive protein." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Timothy M. Cox, 2199–207. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0239.

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The acute phase response—trauma, tissue necrosis, infection, inflammation, and malignant neoplasia induce a complex series of nonspecific systemic, physiological, and metabolic responses including fever, leucocytosis, catabolism of muscle proteins, greatly increased de novo synthesis and secretion of a number of ‘acute phase’ plasma proteins, and decreased synthesis of albumin, transthyretin, and high- and low-density lipoproteins. The altered plasma protein concentration profile is called the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins—these are mostly synthesized by hepatocytes, in which transcription is controlled by cytokines including interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor. The circulating concentrations of complement proteins and clotting factors increase by up to 50 to 100%; some of the proteinase inhibitors and α‎1-acid glycoprotein can increase three- to fivefold; but C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (an apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein particles) are unique in that their concentrations can change by more than 1000-fold. C-reactive protein—this consists of five identical, nonglycosylated, noncovalently associated polypeptide subunits. It binds to autologous and extrinsic materials which contain phosphocholine, including bacteria and their products. Ligand-bound CRP activates the classical complement pathway and triggers the inflammatory and opsonizing activities of the complement system, thereby contributing to innate host resistance to pneumococci and probably to recognition and safe ‘scavenging’ of cellular debris. Clinical features—(1) determination of CRP in serum or plasma is the most useful marker of the acute phase response in most inflammatory and tissue damaging conditions. (2) Acute phase proteins may be harmful in some circumstances. Sustained increased production of serum amyloid A protein can lead to the deposition of AA-type, reactive systemic amyloid.
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Sole-Gras, Marc, Yong Huang, and Douglas B. Chrisey. "Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of Biomaterials." In Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications, 252–65. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v23a.a0006860.

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Abstract The use of 3D bioprinting techniques has contributed to the development of novel cellular patterns and constructs in vitro, ex vivo, and even in vivo. There are three main bioprinting techniques: inkjet printing, extrusion printing (also known as bioextrusion), laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) printing, which is also known as modified LIFT printing, matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation direct write, and laser-based printing (laser-assisted bioprinting, or biological laser printing). This article provides an overview of the LIFT process, including the LIFT process introduction, different implementations, jetting dynamics, printability phase diagrams, and printing process simulations. Additionally, materials involved during LIFT are introduced in terms of bioink materials and energy-absorbing layer materials. Also, the printing of single cells and 2D and 3D constructs is introduced, showcasing the current state of the art with the ultimate goal for tissue- and organ-printing applications.
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Araceli, SALAZAR-PERALTA, PICHARDO-SALAZAR José Alfredo, SÁNCHEZ-OROZCO Raymundo, and PICHARDO-SALAZAR Ulises. "Introduction to Metallographic Study." In Handbook Science of Technology and Innovation, 106–29. ECORFAN, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/h.2022.3.106.129.

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The quality assurance of materials in every process depends on materials science and engineering, since the characterization of materials is a fundamental process, for their control and innovation, as well as their proper functioning. In the synthesis of new materials, their properties depend not only on the type of raw material used (metal, polymer, ceramic, composite material), but also on the morphology acquired in the synthesis, structure, microstructure, etc. of the material obtained, hence the importance of metallographic characterization. Metallography is the science that deals with the microscopic study of the structural characteristics of a metal or an alloy, to study the microstructure, inclusions, as well as the thermal treatments to which the material has been subjected, in order to determine if the material complies with the specifications established in the Standards applicable to the design requirements for a specific use. The objective of this study was to present the basic techniques for the preparation of specimens to be evaluated metallographically, addressing the following topics: Generalities, Atomic structure: Nucleation and atoms, Crystal structure: Perfect crystals and crystals with imperfections. Substructure: Subgrains and other cellular structures, Microstructure: Grains of single metallic phases and configuration arrangements of alloys with multiple phase systems, Texture. Macrostructure. and Metallographic practice applicable to all metals. It is concluded that this study lays the foundations for subsequent and specific metallographic studies of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys.
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Arora, Disha, Sanjay Sharma, and Sumeet Gupta. "Natural Products Targeting Various Mediators in Rheumatoid Arthritis." In Natural Products for the Management of Arthritic Disorders, 135–63. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815050776122010009.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to an inflammatory reaction, primarily affecting synovial joints and progressive cartilage and bone destruction resulting in gradual joint immobility. Possibly, a diversity of pharmacological intercessions are employed for treating arthritis. But modern treatment is linked with serious adverse outcomes and high expenses. Therefore, alternative therapies have been under examination. Scientific facts on RA have revealed that conventional therapy offers a favourable impact by various actions (cellular) like repression of oxidative stress, down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, NF-ƙB, and TNF-α, and inhibiting cartilage degradation. A wide range of active phytoconstituents from the medicinal plants, such as terpenes, anthraquinones, glycosylflavons, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, lignans, coumarins, phytoestrogens, sesquiterpene lactones, thymoquinone, and alkaloids reduced the arthritic manifestations through selecting the pro-inflammatory indicators, which play a role in the pathogeny of the disease (RA). With numerous developments in the last few years regarding functional studies or characterization of plant materials, the phase is put down for extensive scientific trials or using the plants or their products to manage rheumatoid arthritis. The chapter discusses the plants used conventionally with phytoconstituents having anti-inflammatory action. This, in turn, leads to the innovation of new benefits from natural products in the future.
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Jayaram Pratima, Bichandarkoil, and Namasivayam Nalini. "Efferocytosis: An Interface between Apoptosis and Pathophysiology." In Regulation and Dysfunction of Apoptosis. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97819.

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Several cell death modes, each with a unique feature and mode of inducing cell death have been established. Cell death occurring under physiological conditions is primarily caused by apoptosis, which is a non-inflammatory or silent process, whereas necroptosis or pyroptosis is triggered by pathogen invasion, which stimulates the immune system and induces inflammation. In physiology, clearing dead cells and associated cellular debris is necessary since billions of cells die during mammalian embryogenesis and every day in adult organisms. For degradation, dead cells produced by apoptosis are quickly engulfed by macrophages. This chapter will present a description of the phagocytosis of dead and dying cells, by a process known as efferocytosis. Macrophages and, to a lesser degree, other ‘professional’ phagocytes (such as monocytes and dendritic cells) and ‘non-professional’ phagocytes, such as epithelial cells, conduct efferocytosis. Recent discoveries have shed light on this mechanism and how it works to preserve homeostasis of tissue, repair of tissue and health of the organism. Caspases are a large family of proteases of cysteine acting in cascades. A cascade leading to activation of caspase 3 mediates apoptosis and is responsible for killing cells, hiring macrophages, and presenting a “eat me” signal(s). If macrophages do not effectively engulf apoptotic cells, they undergo secondary necrosis and release intracellular materials that reflect a molecular pattern associated with injury, which can lead to autoimmune diseases. Here, the processes of efferocytosis are illustrated and the pathophysiological effects that which occur when this phase is abrogated are highlighted.
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Conference papers on the topic "Phase transforming cellular materials"

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Chen, Tiegang, Xiaoyong Zhang, Xiaojun Yan, Bin Zhang, Jun Jiang, Shuqing Zhang, Chaoyong Guo, Dawei Huang, and Mingjing Qi. "Phase transforming auxetic material with embedding magnets." In Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials XIII, edited by Hani E. Naguib. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2513906.

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Lester, Brian T., and Dimitris C. Lagoudas. "Modeling of the Effective Actuation Response of SMA-MAX Phase Composites With Partially Transforming NiTi." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3200.

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Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) composites are being increasingly investigated to address a variety of engineering problems. An application of growing interest is an SMA-MAX phase ceramic composite for use in extreme environments. By joining these two constituents, it is intended that the martensitic transformation of the SMA phase may be used with the unique kinking behavior of the MAX phases to improve the composite response. One particular intended outcome of this utilization is the development of residual stress states in the composite. These residual stress states are generated due to the formation of irrecoverable strains resulting from the interaction of the inelastic mechanisms in the system. By tailoring this stress state, the improved mechanical response of the ceramic phase under compression may be taken advantage of. These residual stress states and their effect on the effective thermomechanical response of the composite are explored in this work. To this end, a finite element model of the composite is development. Specifically, a recent 3D phenomenological constitutive model of the SMA phase is incorporated to describe the effects of martensitic transformation and a constitutive assumption for the MAX phase response associated with kink band formation is introduced. An additional non-transforming NiTi phase is noted and the role of its constitutive response is considered. This model is used to study the micromechanics of the associated composite residual stress states. The influence of these residual stresses on the effective actuation response is then investigated and the on the associated composite behavior determined. Specifically, it is shown that the variation in inactive NiTi leads to an altered actuation response.
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Campbell, J. E., G. D. Hibbard, and H. E. Naguib. "Design, Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Pyramidal Periodic Cellular Metal/Polyurethane Foam Hybrid Materials." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-318.

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A new type of hybrid material was designed and fabricated by reinforcing periodic cellular metals (PCMs) with rigid polyurethane (PU) foams. A pyramidal PCM geometry and various densities of two-phase rigid polyurethane foam were used to fabricate three different hybrid materials. These novel hybrid materials may find useful application as cores in sandwich structures. By increasing the density of the polyurethane foam used in the PCM/PU foam hybrids, the stiffness of the hybrid increased allowing the stiffness to be tailored for a specific application. Furthermore, the strength of the hybrids was greater than that of the PCM or foam alone, and in most configurations the strength was greater than the sum of the strength of the PCM and the polyurethane foam. Next, the resilience of the hybrids was greater than that of the PCM or foam alone and was also greater than the sum of the resilience of the PCM and foam. Finally, the impact energy at which surface failure would occur was greater in the hybrid samples than the foams or the PCM and was found to increase with increasing foam density.
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Ferrise, Francesco, Monica Bordegoni, Michele Fiorentino, and Antonio E. Uva. "Integration of Realtime Finite Element Analysis and Haptic Feedback for Hands-On Learning of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12924.

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The paper describes a novel application of real-time finite element analysis controlled by a haptic device. The user can impose displacement constraints to a virtual structure using a probe and sense in real-time the response in terms of forces on her/his hand. In addition, conventional color map results are visualized on a desktop monitor. The application has been developed with the aim of simplifying the teaching of the mechanical behavior of materials in engineering schools by transforming the learning phase into an enactive process. A set of examples commonly used in the mechanical engineering courses have been implemented and tested. The paper describes and discusses the system implementation, the potentialities and the issues of such approach.
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Gortyshov, Yury F., Igor A. Popov, and Konstantin E. Gulitsky. "Experimental Studies of Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer in Channels With High-Porous Cellular Materials in Single-Phase Forced Convection and Flow Boiling of Working Fluids." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1021.

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Abstract In this paper we consider experimental studies of hydraulic resistance, surface heat transfer, internal heat exchange and critical heat fluxes for the flow of single-phase and boiling working fluids in channels with high-porous inserts. Experiments were carried out with more than 40 samples of high-porous cellular materials with the porosity 0.8...0.98 and mean pore diameter 0.62...4 mm and with more than 10 samples of regular porous inserts and porosity ε = 0.512...0.86 and mean pore diameter 1.5...3.5 mm. These samples were made of porcelain, invar, nichrome, bronze and copper.
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Mattern-Schain, Samuel I., Mary-Anne Nguyen, Tayler M. Schimel, James Manuel, Joshua Maraj, Donald Leo, Eric Freeman, Scott Lenaghan, and Stephen A. Sarles. "Totipotent Cellularly-Inspired Materials." In ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5745.

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Abstract This work draws inspiration from totipotent cellular systems to design smart materials whose compositions and properties can be learned or evolved. Totipotency refers to the inherent genetic potential of a single cell to adapt and produce all types of differentiated cells within an organism. To study this principal and apply it synthetically, tissue-like compartmentalized assemblies are constructed via lipid membrane-separated aqueous droplets in a hydrophobic medium through the droplet interface bilayer (DIB) method. Within our droplets, we explore synthetic totipotency via cell-free reactions including actin polymerization and cell free protein synthesis (CFPS). The transcription and translation of our CFPS reactions are controlled by stimuli-responsive riboswitches (RS). Via this scheme, adaptable material properties and functions are achieved in vitro via protein production from cell-free machinery administered through RS governance. Here, we present thermally or chemically-triggered riboswitches for orthogonal production of representative fluorescent protein products, as well functional proteins. To characterize the material properties of target proteins, we study the formation of polymerized actin shells to stabilize organically-encased droplets and span DIBs. We present a modified protocol for chemically-triggered actin polymerization as well as a thermally triggered actin RS. We characterize theophylline (TP)-triggered production of alpha hemolysin (α-HL) through CFPS and synthesized an organic-soluble trigger that can be sensed from the oil phase by a RS in an aqueous bioreactor droplet. We also demonstrate increased droplet conductivity when CFPS α-HL products are incorporated in DIBs. This interdisciplinary work involves cell culture, gene expression, organic synthesis, vesicle formation, protein quantification, tensiometry, droplet aspiration, microplate fluorescence/absorption experiments, fluorescent microscopy, and electrophysiology. This project is an essential design analysis for creating smart, soft materials using synthetic biology and provides motivation for artificial tissues capable of adapting in response to external stimuli.
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Krittacom, Bundit, and Kouichi Kamiuto. "High-Temperature Emission Characteristics of Open-Cellular Porous Plates." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32241.

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Spectral or total normal emittances of an isothermal, plane-parallel, open-cellular porous plate placed on an opaque substrate were investigated theoretically. The equation of transfer governing the radiation field was solved using Barkstrom’s finite difference method and our improved P1 approximation. The necessary radiative properties of open-cellular porous materials such as the extinction coefficient, the albedo and the asymmetry factor of a scattering phase function were evaluated using Kamiuto’s model. Emission characteristics of three kinds of open–cell foam including Alumino-Silicate, Cordierite and Ni–Cr foams were examined. Obtained theoretical results were compared with available experimental data. A comparison between numerical predictions based on Barkstrom’s method and available spectral or total normal emittance data reported in literature shows satisfactory agreements within an experimental uncertainty. Moreover, it is found that our improved P1 approximation yields good results in predicting spectral or total normal emittances of isothermal, open-cellular porous plates.
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Brahmbhatt, Khushboo, Wujun Zhao, Zhaojie Deng, Leidong Mao, and Eric Freeman. "Magnetically Responsive Droplet Interface Bilayer Networks." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-9029.

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This work explores incorporating ferrofluids with droplet interface bilayer (DIB) membranes. Ferrofluids contain magnetic nanoparticles in solution with a stabilizing surfactant, providing a magnetically-responsive fluid. These fluids allow for remote mechanical manipulation of ferrofluid droplets through magnetic fields, and will allow for better control over the characteristics of networks of stimuli-responsive cellular membranes created through by DIB technique. This work involves several phases. First, a suitable biocompatible ferrofluid is synthesized, containing a neutral pH and a biocompatible surfactant. Once a proper ferrofluid is identified, it is tested as the aqueous phase for the creation of DIB membranes. Interfacial membranes between ferrofluid droplets are created and compared to non-ferrofluid DIB membranes. The interfacial membrane between two ferrofluid droplets was tested for leakage and stability, and the electrical characteristics of the interfacial membrane were studied and compared to non-ferrofluid DIB membranes. Once it is confirmed that the ferrofluid droplets do not negatively interfere with the formation of the artificial cellular membranes through the electrical measurements, the magnetically-responsive nature of the ferrofluid droplets are used to form large networks of DIB membranes through a simple magnetic field. These networks are easy to assemble and may be remotely manipulated, providing a significant step towards the rapid and simple assembly of DIB networks advancing towards the tissue scale.
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Clarke, Mary Ann D., and Christopher J. Freitas. "N-Phase Interface Tracking Method Based on Prime Enumeration of Microcells." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56136.

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This paper presents a general method for tracking N incompressible materials and their associated interfaces, where N may be an integer greater than 2. Two key components are fundamental to the method. First, is the concept of a microgrid element or cell, which is uniquely identified or associated with a fluid material. Second, is a method for uniquely identifying a microcell through the use of prime numbers. The approach implements a microcell methodology embedded on a regular grid to further subdivide and then tag the material components of the computational system via a prime numbering algorithm. The microcells motion are then tracked, driven by local velocity conditions computed at the macrogrid level, and rectifying small anomalies by a coupled evaluation of local volume fraction fields and global mass conservation. Volume fractions can be calculated at any time step by an evaluation of the prime number distribution so that average cellular density and viscosity values can be regularly updated at the macrogrid level. This paper, then, presents the details of the microgrid method and illustrates its capabilities through two-dimensional, N-component, problem simulations.
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Makhoul-Mansour, Michelle M., and Eric C. Freeman. "Photo-Triggered Soft Materials With Differentiated Diffusive Pathways." In ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5525.

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Abstract Controlled diffusive transport between regions within a compartmentalized structure is an essential feature of cellular-inspired materials. Using the droplet interface bilayer (DIB) technique, biomolecular soft materials can be constructed in an oil medium by connecting multiple lipid-coated microdroplets together through interfacial bilayers. While traditionally achieved through the incorporation of pore forming toxins (PFTs), signal propagation within DIB assemblies can be remotely controlled through the integration of photopolymerizable phospholipids (23:2 DiynePC) into the aqueous phase. Since such strategy allows for the formation of UV-C triggered pathways only between droplets both containing DiynePC, polymerizable phospholipids have shown an advantage of reducing undesired diffusion and forming conductive pathways. The partial polymerization of lipid bilayers formed through the DIB platform is still to this date underexplored in the literature. In a previous work, we have shown that the incorporation of 23:2 DiynePC into lipid bilayers allows for the creation of patterned conductive pathways in a 2D DIB structure. The properties of photosensitive bilayers were also investigated but not their channel activity. The functionalization of bilayers-based photosensitive structures through transmembrane channels remains an under-investigated mean of achieving further differentiated conductive channels. This work explores the reconstitution of several transmembrane channels such as alpha-hemolysin (αHL) and alamethicin (ALM) into partially polymerized lipid bilayers. We believe that the ability to incorporate transmembrane channels into photosensitive DIB soft structures allows for further differentiation of signal propagation pathways by including both edge-defect induced pores as well as more traditional and bio-derived transporters.
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Reports on the topic "Phase transforming cellular materials"

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Wang, Yu U. SISGR -- Domain Microstructures and Mechanisms for Large, Reversible and Anhysteretic Strain Behaviors in Phase Transforming Ferroelectric Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1111107.

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