Journal articles: 'Phase noise'

1

Yeom, Kyung-Whan, and Jin-Seong Roh. "An Efficient Cross-Correlation Method for a Digital Phase Noise Measurement System." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 22, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 665–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.6.r.136.

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In this paper, we propose a digital phase noise measurement using a 10-bit digital oscilloscope MXR608A from Keysight Technologies. The digital oscilloscope’s four channel data are used for digital phase noise measurement: two channels are assigned for the equally divided SUT (source under test), while the other two are assigned for the equally divided reference signals. First, we propose a cross correlation method to identify the phase noises added by the ADCs in the digital oscilloscope from the measured phase noises. Then, we propose a novel cross correlation method to extract the SUT phase noise. The cross-correlation output of the proposed method yields only the SUT phase noise and does not contain the reference signal phase noise unlike the traditional method. The proposed method was applied to measure the phase noises of the two SUTs, Keysight’s synthesized signal generator E8257D and function generator 33600A. The measured phase noises of the two SUTs were compared and found to show remarkable agreements with those measured using Keysight’s signal source analyzer E5052B. The phase noise floor of our digital phase noise measurement system is about -160 dBc/Hz.

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Sahoo, Lokanath, Krushnendu Sundar Sahoo, and Nitish Kumar Nayak. "The effect of environmental noise on speech perception of individuals with sensorineural hearing loss: a prospective observational study." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 7 (June 25, 2020): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20202778.

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Background: This study was done to identify the effect that environmental noises have on speech perception of individual with sensorineural hearing loss. The objectives were to develop evidence-based approach to support the need for sophisticated technology and to choose the better one for daily listening purposes of Hearing-Impaired individual to obtain a speech perception score when environmental noises are used as competing signal.Methods: The study was executed in three phases. In phase 1, developing a noise check list and recording the noise levels at different places by using sound level meter, in phase 2, analyzing the recorded noises into spectral and temporal distributions by using software and phase 3, testing the hearing loss individual’s syllables in the presence of recorded noises. Results: For 0 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR), the mean scores for white noise and temple noise were higher than for other noise types. The bus and auto noise conditions also showed significant difference in values between them. For +10 dB SNR, speech scores obtained for audiometry noise differed statistically from only restaurant and traffic noise. The traffic noise being the poorest differed statistically from all other noise types. On the other end of range, restaurant noise showed highest speech scores.Conclusions: The overall the scores were a lot higher for only restaurant noise and noise of travel in auto. These showed effect of masking release and that hearing impaired are better able to understand conversations in these situations at least.

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Li, Jian, Dongwei Hei, Gaofeng Cui, Mengmin He, Juan Wang, Zhehan Liu, Jie Shang, Xiaoming Wang, and Weidong Wang. "GAN-LSTM Joint Network Applied to Seismic Array Noise Signal Recognition." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 9987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11219987.

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The purpose of seismic data processing in nuclear explosion monitoring is to accurately and reliably detect seismic or explosion events from complex ambient noises. Accurate detection and identification of seismic phases are of great significance to the detection and parameter estimation of seismic events. In seismic phase identification, discriminating between noise signals and real seismic signals is essential. Accurate identification of noise signals helps reduce false detections, improves the accuracy of automatic bulletins, and relieves the workload of analysts. At the same time, in seismic exploration, the prime objective in data processing is also to enhance the signal and suppress the noises. In this study, we combined a generative adversarial network (GAN) with a long short-term memory network (LSTM) to discriminate between noise and phases in seismic waveforms recorded by the International Monitoring System (IMS) array MKAR. First, using the beamforming data of the array as the input, we obtained the signal features of seismic phases through the learning of the GAN discriminator network. Then, we input these features and trained the joint network on mixed seismic phase and noise data, and successfully classified seismic phases and noise signals with a recall of 95.28% and 97.64%, respectively. Based on this model, we established a real-time data processing method, then validated the effectiveness of this method with real 2019 data of MKAR. We also verified whether improved noise signal identification improves the quality of phase association and event detection.

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Horiuchi, Noriaki. "Ultralow phase noise." Nature Photonics 5, no. 12 (December 2011): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2011.313.

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Cao, Chun Yan, Shui Dong Xiong, Zheng Liang Hu, and Yong Ming Hu. "Suppression of Double Rayleigh Scattering Induced Coherent Noise in a Remote Fiber Sensor System Using PGC Technique." Advanced Materials Research 571 (September 2012): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.185.

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Double Rayleigh scattering (DRS) induces coherent noises in remotely interrogated optical fiber sensor systems especially when high coherence laser sources are used. Phase generation carried (PGC) technique has been used in optical fiber sensors to overcome bias induced signal fading and eliminated incoherent noises at low frequency. In this paper we demonstrated that PGC technique can also suppress DRS induced coherent noises. In an experimental setup with total 50-km input and output lead fibers, we achieved maximum 7dB of intensity noise suppression and maximum 10dB of phase noise suppression. With PGC technique, DRS induced phase noise has been suppressed to the sensor self-noise level.

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Guo, Hui, Jin-Ming Liu, Cheng-Jie Zhang, and C. H. Oh. "Quantum discord of a three-qubit W-class state in noisy environments." Quantum Information and Computation 12, no. 7&8 (July 2012): 677–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic12.7-8-12.

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We study the dynamics of the pairwise quantum discord (QD), classical correlation (CC), and entanglement of formation (EOF) for the three-qubit W-class state |W>_{123}=\frac 12(|100>_{123}+|010>_{123}+\sqrt{2}|001>_{123}) under the influence of various Markovian noises by analytically solving the master equation in the Lindblad form. Through numerical analysis, we find that EOF decreases asymptotically to zero with time for the dephasing noise, but it undergoes sudden death for the bit-flip noise, the isotropic noise, as well as the dissipative and noisy environments. Moreover, QD decays to zero in an asymptotical way for all the noises we investigated. Thus, when the W-class state |W>_{123} is subject to the above Markovian noises, QD is more robust than EOF against decoherence excluding the phase-flip noise, implying that QD is more useful than entanglement to characterize the quantum correlation. We also find a remarkable character for the CC in the presence of the phase-flip noise, i.e., CC displays the behavior of sudden transition and then keeps constant permanently, but the corresponding QD just exhibits a very small sudden change. Furthermore, we verify the monogamic relation between the pairwise QD and EOF of the W-class state.

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P. W. M. Tsang, P. W. M. Tsang, Y. T. Chow Y. T. Chow, and and T. C. Poon and T.-C. Poon. "Generation of edge-preserved noise-added phase-only hologram." Chinese Optics Letters 14, no. 10 (2016): 100901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201614.100901.

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Homayoun, Aliakbar, and Behzad Razavi. "Relation Between Delay Line Phase Noise and Ring Oscillator Phase Noise." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 49, no. 2 (February 2014): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2013.2289893.

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Klosin, A., F. Oltsch, T. Harmon, A. Honigmann, F. Jülicher, A. A. Hyman, and C. Zechner. "Phase separation provides a mechanism to reduce noise in cells." Science 367, no. 6476 (January 23, 2020): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav6691.

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Expression of proteins inside cells is noisy, causing variability in protein concentration among identical cells. A central problem in cellular control is how cells cope with this inherent noise. Compartmentalization of proteins through phase separation has been suggested as a potential mechanism to reduce noise, but systematic studies to support this idea have been missing. In this study, we used a physical model that links noise in protein concentration to theory of phase separation to show that liquid droplets can effectively reduce noise. We provide experimental support for noise reduction by phase separation using engineered proteins that form liquid-like compartments in mammalian cells. Thus, phase separation can play an important role in biological signal processing and control.

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Thakran, Snekha. "A hybrid GPFA-EEMD_Fuzzy threshold method for ECG signal de-noising." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 5 (November 19, 2020): 6773–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-191518.

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The Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal records the electrical activity of the heart. It is very difficult for physicians to analyze the ECG signal if noise is embedded during acquisition to inspect the heart’s condition. The denoising of electrocardiogram signals based on the genetic particle filter algorithm(GPFA) using fuzzy thresholding and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is proposed in this paper, which efficiently removes noise from the ECG signal. This paper proposes a two-phase scheme for eliminating noise from the ECG signal. In the first phase, the noisy signal is decomposed into a true intrinsic mode function (IMFs) with the help of EEMD. EEMD is better than EMD because it removes the mode-mixing effect. In the second phase, IMFs which are corrupted by noise is obtained by using spectral flatness of each IMF and fuzzy thresholding. The corrupted IMFs are filtered using a GPF method to remove the noise. Then, the signal is reconstructed with the processed IMFs to get the de-noised ECG. The proposed algorithm is analyzed for a different local hospital database, and it gives better root mean square error and signal to noise ratio than other existing techniques (Wavelet transform (WT), EMD, Particle filter(PF) based method, extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition with Nonlocal Means(ESMD-NLM), and discrete wavelet with Savitzky-Golay(DW-SG) filter).

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Bondariev, Andriy, Ivan Maksymiv, and Serhii Altunin. "Simulation and investigations of a software implemented phase-locked loop with improved noise immunity." Computational Problems of Electrical Engineering 8, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jcpee2018.02.041.

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The improvement of noise immunity of a communication system is an effective way to increase the capacity of communication systems, which would provide more qualitative service for a larger number of users. This task can be solved by lowering the noise threshold of a phase-locked loop (PLL) in these systems if the dynamic properties of the device are preserved. The literature review indicates that such a device with improved noise immunity has already been implemented, but the effects of noise and modulation on its dynamic behavior were analyzed separately. This article is devoted to the analysis of the behavior of a digital firmware PLL under the simultaneous influence of noise and modulation of the input signal. The article depicts the structure of the classical digital PLL and its modifications and explains key differences between them. The simulation of the classical PLL with either absence or presence of noise at the device input was carried out. The simulation results show that the PLL is not able to detect all phase changes when the noise is present. Besides, the modified PLL has a wider working frequency range than the classical one under noisy conditions. The investigations of the PLL dynamic behavior with the simultaneous influence of random noise and Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulated input signal was performed. The results of the research show that the duration of the transient processes during the processing of the BPSK modulated signal in the modified device is at least twice as low as that for the classical one. In addition, the number of errors during the signal detection increases faster for the classical PLL than for the modified one when the noise level rises. The use of the modified PLL in modern communication systems gives an opportunity to increase their capacity.

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12

Fitzgerald, Raymond M. "Matched‐phase noise reduction." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99, no. 3 (March 1996): 1791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414681.

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Hyland, David C. "Noise reducing phase retrieval." Applied Optics 54, no. 33 (November 16, 2015): 9728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.54.009728.

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14

Hohne, Thomas, and Ville Ranki. "Phase Noise in Beamforming." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 9, no. 12 (December 2010): 3682–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2010.092810.091059.

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Orris, Gregory J., B. E. McDonald, and W. A. Kuperman. "Matched‐phase noise reduction." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96, no. 6 (December 1994): 3499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.410610.

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Williams, J. E. Ffowcs, I. Roebuck, and C. F. Ross. "Anti-phase noise reduction." Physics in Technology 16, no. 1 (January 1985): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4624/16/1/i01.

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Xu, Mingyang, Hanzhong Wu, Yurong Liang, Dan Luo, Panpan Wang, Yujie Tan, and Chenggang Shao. "Weak-Light Phase-Locking Time Delay Interferometry with Optical Frequency Combs." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 7349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197349.

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In the future space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detector, the optical transponder scheme, i.e., the phase-locking scheme, will be utilized so as to maintain the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this case, the whole constellation will share one common laser equivalently, which enables the considerable simplification of time-delay interferometry (TDI) combinations. Recently, and remarkably, the unique combination of TDI and optical frequency comb (OFC) has shown a bright prospect for the future space-borne missions. When the laser frequency noise and the clock noise are synchronized using OFC as the bridge, the data streams will be reasonably simplified. However, in the optical transponder scheme, the weak-light phase-locking (WLPL) loops could bring additional noises. In this work, we analyze the phase-locking scheme with OFC and transfer characteristics of the noises including the WLPL noise. We show that the WLPL noise can be efficiently reduced by using the specific TDI combination, and the cooperation of phase-locking and frequency combs can greatly simplify the post-processing.

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Ahadpour, S., and F. Mirmasoudi. "The role of noisy channels in quantum teleportation." Revista Mexicana de Física 66, no. 3 May-Jun (May 1, 2020): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.66.378.

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In quantum information theory, effects of quantum noise on teleportation are undeniable. Hence,we investigate the effect of noisy channels including amplitude damping, phase damping, depolarizing and phase ip on the teleported state between Alice and Bob where they share an entangled state by using atom-eld interaction state. We analyze the delity and quantum correlations as a function of decoherence rates and time scale of a state to be teleported. We observe that the average delityand quantum correlations accurately depend on types of noise acting on quantum channels. It is found that atom-eld interaction states are affected by amplitude damping channel are more useful for teleportation than when the shared qubites are affected by noisy channels such as AD channel and phase ip. We also observe that if the quantum channels is subject to phase ip noise, the average delity reproduces initial quantum correlations to possible values. On the other hand,not only all the noisy quantum channels do not always destroy average delity but also they can yield the highest delity in noisy conditions. In the current demonstration, our results provide that the average delity can have larger than 2/3 in front of the noise of named other channels with increasing decoherenc strength. Success in quantum states transfer in the present noise establishes the important of studing noisy channels.

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Lina Ma, Lina Ma, Yu Chen Yu Chen, Zhengliang Hu Zhengliang Hu, Jinxing Huang Jinxing Huang, Jun Wang Jun Wang, and Shiqing Li Shiqing Li. "An interferometric phase shift fiber Bragg grating sensing system with greatly reduced background phase noise." Chinese Optics Letters 16, no. 9 (2018): 090601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201816.090601.

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Tahon, Marie, Silvio Montresor, and Pascal Picart. "Towards Reduced CNNs for De-Noising Phase Images Corrupted with Speckle Noise." Photonics 8, no. 7 (July 3, 2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8070255.

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Digital holography is a very efficient technique for 3D imaging and the characterization of changes at the surfaces of objects. However, during the process of holographic interferometry, the reconstructed phase images suffer from speckle noise. In this paper, de-noising is addressed with phase images corrupted with speckle noise. To do so, DnCNN residual networks with different depths were built and trained with various holographic noisy phase data. The possibility of using a network pre-trained on natural images with Gaussian noise is also investigated. All models are evaluated in terms of phase error with HOLODEEP benchmark data and with three unseen images corresponding to different experimental conditions. The best results are obtained using a network with only four convolutional blocks and trained with a wide range of noisy phase patterns.

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Midoh, Yoshihiro, and Koji Nakamae. "Accuracy improvement of phase estimation in electron holography using noise reduction methods." Microscopy 69, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmicro/dfz115.

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Abstract We try to improve the limit of the phase estimation of the interference fringe at low electron dose levels in electron holography by a noise reduction method. In this paper, we focus on unsupervised approaches to apply it to electron beam-sensitive and unknown samples and describe an overview of denoising methods used widely in image processing, such as wiener filter, total variation denoising, nonlocal mean filters and wavelet thresholding. We compare the wavelet hidden Markov model (WHMM) denoising that we have studied so far with the other conventional noise reduction methods. We evaluate the denoise performance of each method using the peak signal-to-noise ratio between noise-free and the target holograms (noisy or denoised holograms) and the root mean-square error (RMSE) between the true phase of the fringe and the measured phase by the discrete Fourier transform phase estimator. We show the denoised holograms for simulation and experimental data by using each noise reduction method and then discuss evaluation indexes obtained from these denoised holograms. From experimental results, it can be seen that the WHMM denoising can reduce the RMSE of fringe phase to about 1/4.5 for noisy simulation holograms and it has stable and good performance for noise reduction of observed holograms with various image qualities.

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Kowalczyk, Adam, and Anna Szlachta. "Algorithmic Method for Phase Angle Shift of Noisy Voltages Using Conditional Averaging of Delayed Signal's Absolute Value." Metrology and Measurement Systems 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-011-0013-4.

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Algorithmic Method for Phase Angle Shift of Noisy Voltages Using Conditional Averaging of Delayed Signal's Absolute Value The method of a phase shift angle measurement using conditional averaging of delayed signal absolute value (CAAV) is presented in this paper. The input sinusoidal signal x(t) is without noise. White noise with normal distribution and band limited to low frequencies has been applied as disturbance of delayed sinusoidal signal z(t). Noise n(t) - N(0, σn) is added to the delayed signal - the noised and delayed signal z(t) is obtained. The phase angle shift is proportional to time location of CAAV's minimum (minimum of the characteristic of conditional averaging of delayed signal's absolute value). The phase angle shift can be determined on the basis of conditional averaging value of elaborated algorithm. The characteristics of conditional average of delayed signal's absolute value in the surrounding of the minimum of this function (the results of practical investigations and theoretical calculation) are presented. The experimental variance of characteristic CAAV in surroundings of the minimum (obtained from practical investigations and calculation) is illustrated in the paper. The algorithms of conditional averaging have been elaborated and practically realized in the LabVIEW environment.

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GUO Yuan and DU Song-ying. "Phase Unwrapping Method of InSAR Interferogram with Local Noise Patch." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 47, no. 12 (2018): —1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20184712.00b.

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Zhang, Xiang, Xue Deng, Qi Zang, Dongdong Jiao, Jing Gao, Dan Wang, Qian Zhou, et al. "Coherent Optical Frequency Transfer via a 490 km Noisy Fiber Link." Chinese Physics Letters 39, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 044201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/39/4/044201.

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We demonstrate the coherent transfer of an ultrastable optical frequency reference over a 490 km noisy field fiber link. The fiber-induced phase noise power spectrum density per-unit-length at 1 Hz offset frequency can reach up to 510 rad2⋅Hz−1⋅km−1, which is much higher than the fiber noise observed in previous reports. This extreme level of phase noise is mainly due to the fiber link laying underground along the highway. Appropriate phase-locked loop parameters are chosen to complete the active compensation of fiber noise by measuring the intensity fluctuation of additional phase noise and designing a homemade digital frequency division phase discriminator with a large phase detection range of 212 π rad. Finally, a noise suppression intensity of approximately 40 dB at 1 Hz is obtained, with fractional frequency instability of 1.1 × 10−14 at 1 s averaging time, and 3.7 × 10−19 at 10000 s. The transfer system will be used for remote atomic clock comparisons and optical frequency distribution over a long-distance communication network established in China.

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Maffezzoni, Paolo, Bichoy Bahr, Zheng Zhang, and Luca Daniel. "Reducing Phase Noise in Multi-Phase Oscillators." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 63, no. 3 (March 2016): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2016.2525078.

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Martinez, J. C., and R. E. Simpson. "Phase-Change Materials, 1/f Noise, and Phase Synchrony." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (November 22, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2652020.

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In this article, we study 1 / f γ , γ ≈ 1 electrical noise in amorphous phase-change materials. Given the relevance of noise in recent applications, it is necessary to gain a deeper perspective on its nature in phase-change semiconductors, a promising class of materials. Electron conduction is envisaged in terms of an envelope function and a field-dependent Bloch wave function; the electron transport across the structure is modeled as driven phase oscillators under a weak field and obeys a Kuramoto-type equation. Its solutions naturally divide into a phase-synchronized group and phase-desynchronized oscillators. The former is comprised by long-lived pairs or aggregates and are responsible for 1 / f , γ = 1 noise. We identify the dividing frequency between γ = 1 noise and γ ≠ 1 noise. The phase-desynchronized carriers generate γ ≠ 1 noise and are single carriers, not aggregates, and are short-lived. We apply our analysis to recent experiments.

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Romashov, V. V., K. A. Yakimenko, A. N. Doktorov, and N. A. Sochneva. "High-speed digital-to-analogue converters phase noise modelling." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2573, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2573/1/012040.

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Abstract The paper presents a mathematical model of the phase noise power spectral density of a high-speed digital-to-analogue converter. The shapes of the envelopes of the spectrum of the output signal in RFZ3, RFZ4 operating modes are given. The phase noise transfer coefficients for RFZ3, RFZ4 operating modes are obtained. The modelling of the power spectral density of phase noises in the studied operating modes was carried out. The analysis of the received dependences is carried out. It is concluded that RFZ3, RFZ4 modes of operation allow to obtain a lower level of PSD phase noise for images n = 1, 3, 4, 5, which indicates the possibility of generating high-frequency signals with a frequency that is 5-11 times higher than the generated frequency in NRZ mode without noise degradation.

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Prabowo, Ananto Ari, Muhammad Taufiqi, and Bayu Dwi Hatmoko. "Fidelity Comparation of Two-Qubit Quantum Teleportation with Bit-Flip and Phase-Flip Channel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2734, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2734/1/012029.

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Abstract This study investigates the effect of noise on two-qubit quantum teleportation through a four-qubit entangled channel theoretically. Therefore, in this study a comparison of two states of teleportation through ideal and noisy channel was carried out. The noisy channel can have the effect of bit-flip channel and phase-flip channel. From these two effects, it is found that the channel transforms in-to a mixed state. If the noise is neglected, the channel is pure state. Then, this channel is measured and fidelity is calculated. The fidelity of an ideal environment is 1. This indicates that the teleportation was successfully sent and at the same time confirms the teleportation behavior under ideal conditions. In noisy environments, fidelity can be less than 1. Two factors in noisy environment that affect fidelity are noise factor (p) and the orginal parameter states (transmission coefficients). In this calculation, for the bit flip noise, we observed that as the values of the coefficient values of transmitted state increase, the fidelity value increases. Meanwhile, for the phase flip noise, we observed that as the values of the coefficient values of transmitted state increase, the fidelity value decreases.

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Kathania, Hemant Kumar, Sudarsana Reddy Kadiri, Paavo Alku, and Mikko Kurimo. "Using Data Augmentation and Time-Scale Modification to Improve ASR of Children’s Speech in Noisy Environments." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 8420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188420.

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Current ASR systems show poor performance in recognition of children’s speech in noisy environments because recognizers are typically trained with clean adults’ speech and therefore there are two mismatches between training and testing phases (i.e., clean speech in training vs. noisy speech in testing and adult speech in training vs. child speech in testing). This article studies methods to tackle the effects of these two mismatches in recognition of noisy children’s speech by investigating two techniques: data augmentation and time-scale modification. In the former, clean training data of adult speakers are corrupted with additive noise in order to obtain training data that better correspond to the noisy testing conditions. In the latter, the fundamental frequency (F0) and speaking rate of children’s speech are modified in the testing phase in order to reduce differences in the prosodic characteristics between the testing data of child speakers and the training data of adult speakers. A standard ASR system based on DNN–HMM was built and the effects of data augmentation, F0 modification, and speaking rate modification on word error rate (WER) were evaluated first separately and then by combining all three techniques. The experiments were conducted using children’s speech corrupted with additive noise of four different noise types in four different signal-to-noise (SNR) categories. The results show that the combination of all three techniques yielded the best ASR performance. As an example, the WER value averaged over all four noise types in the SNR category of 5 dB dropped from 32.30% to 12.09% when the baseline system, in which no data augmentation or time-scale modification were used, was replaced with a recognizer that was built using a combination of all three techniques. In summary, in recognizing noisy children’s speech with ASR systems trained with clean adult speech, considerable improvements in the recognition performance can be achieved by combining data augmentation based on noise addition in the system training phase and time-scale modification based on modifying F0 and speaking rate of children’s speech in the testing phase.

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Lv, Li, and Ping Zhou. "Effect of noise on deterministic remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qudit state by using a four-qudit χ-type state as the quantum channel." International Journal of Quantum Information 18, no. 05 (August 2020): 2050028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749920500288.

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We present a protocol for remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qudit state by using a four-qudit [Formula: see text]-type state as the quantum channel via positive operator-valued measurement. We first propose the protocol for remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qudit state via positive operator-valued measurement in noiseless environment and then discuss the protocol in noisy environments. Four important quantum decoherence noise models, the dephasing noise, the qudit-flip noise, the qudit-phase-flip noise and the depolarizing noise, are considered in our protocol. The output states and the fidelities of remote state preparation in four different types of quantum noises are presented. It is shown the protocol for remote state preparation via positive operator-valued measurement with [Formula: see text]-type state has the advantage of transmitting less particles for remote preparing an arbitrary two-qudit state. The fidelities of remote state preparation depend on the coefficients of original two-qudit state and the decoherence rates of the noise models.

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ZAKHAROVA, ANNA S., TATYANA E. VADIVASOVA, and VADIM S. ANISHCHENKO. "INFLUENCE OF NOISE ON A SELF-SUSTAINED OSCILLATOR PRODUCING SPIRAL CHAOS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 07, no. 01 (March 2007): L1—L12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477507003647.

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The influence of white and colored noise on the dynamics of self-sustained oscillator is considered in the regime of spiral (phase-coherent) chaos. The effective phase diffusion coefficient and power spectra are analyzed for noisy chaotic self-sustained oscillations. We show that chaotic oscillations can be synchronized by external narrow-band noise. Effects of chaos synchronization are compared for narrow-band noise signals with similar spectra but distinct probability distributions.

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Wang, Ming-Ming, and Zhi-Guo Qu. "Weak measurement for improving the efficiency of remote state preparation in noisy." Quantum Information and Computation 18, no. 11&12 (September 2018): 975–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic18.11-12-6.

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Quantum communication provides a new way for transmitting highly sensitive information. But the existence of quantum noise inevitably affects the security and reliability of a quantum communication system. The technique of weak measurement and its reversal measurement (WMRM) has been proposed to suppress the effect of quantum noise, especially, the amplitude-damping noise. Taking a GHZ based remote state preparation (RSP) scheme as an example, we discuss the effect of WMRM for suppressing four types of quantum noise that usually encountered in real-world, i.e., not only the amplitude-damping noise, but also the bit-flip, phase-flip (phase-damping) and depolarizing noise. And we give a quantitative study on how much a quantum output state can be improved by WMRM in noisy environment. It is shown that the technique of WMRM has certain effect for improving the fidelity of the output state in the amplitude-damping noise, and only has little effect for suppressing the depolarizing noise, while has no effect for suppressing the bit-flip and phase-flip (phase-damping) noise. Our result is helpful for improving the efficiency of entanglement-based quantum communication systems in real implementation.

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Sakuta, Yukinori, and Yoshifumi Sekine. "A Fundamental Consideration for Phase Noise Measurement of Extremely Low Phase Noise Oscillator." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 126, no. 6 (2006): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.449.

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Wei, Chia Chien, and Jason (Jyehong) Chen. "Convergence of phase noise in DPSK transmission systems by novel phase noise averagers." Optics Express 14, no. 21 (2006): 9584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.14.009584.

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Xing, Mengdi, and Guorong Gao. "An efficient method to remove mixed Gaussian and random-valued impulse noise." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): e0264793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264793.

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Mixed Gaussian and Random-valued impulse noise (RVIN) removal is still a big challenge in the field of image denoising. Existing denoising algorithms have defects in denoising performance and computational complexity. Based on the improved “detecting then filtering” strategy and the idea of inpainting, this paper proposes an efficient method to remove mixed Gaussian and RVIN. The proposed algorithm contains two phases: noise classification and noise removal. The noise classifier is based on Adaptive center-weighted median filter (ACWMF), three-sigma rule and extreme value processing. Different from the traditional “detecting then filtering” strategy, a preliminary RVIN removal step is added to the noise removal phase, which leads to three steps in this phase: preliminary RVIN removal, Gaussian noise removal and final RVIN removal. Firstly, RVIN is processed to obtain a noisy image approximately corrupted by Gaussian noise only. Subsequently, Gaussian noise is re-estimated and then denoised by Block Matching and 3D filtering method (BM3D). At last, the idea of inpainting is introduced to further remove RVIN. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms quantitatively and visually to the state-of-the-art mixed Gaussian and RVIN removal methods. In addition, it greatly shortens the computation time.

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Powanwe, Arthur S., and Andre Longtin. "Mechanisms of Flexible Information Sharing through Noisy Oscillations." Biology 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080764.

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Brain areas must be able to interact and share information in a time-varying, dynamic manner on a fast timescale. Such flexibility in information sharing has been linked to the synchronization of rhythm phases between areas. One definition of flexibility is the number of local maxima in the delayed mutual information curve between two connected areas. However, the precise relationship between phase synchronization and information sharing is not clear, nor is the flexibility in the face of the fixed structural connectivity and noise. Here, we consider two coupled oscillatory excitatory-inhibitory networks connected through zero-delay excitatory connections, each of which mimics a rhythmic brain area. We numerically compute phase-locking and delayed mutual information between the phases of excitatory local field potential (LFPs) of the two networks, which measures the shared information and its direction. The flexibility in information sharing is shown to depend on the dynamical origin of oscillations, and its properties in different regimes are found to persist in the presence of asymmetry in the connectivity as well as system heterogeneity. For coupled noise-induced rhythms (quasi-cycles), phase synchronization is robust even in the presence of asymmetry and heterogeneity. However, they do not show flexibility, in contrast to noise-perturbed rhythms (noisy limit cycles), which are shown here to exhibit two local information maxima, i.e., flexibility. For quasi-cycles, phase difference and information measures for the envelope-phase dynamics obtained from previous analytical work using the Stochastic Averaging Method (SAM) are found to be in good qualitative agreement with those obtained from the original dynamics. The relation between phase synchronization and communication patterns is not trivial, particularly in the noisy limit cycle regime. There, complex patterns of information sharing can be observed for a single value of the phase difference. The mechanisms reported here can be extended to I-I networks since their phase synchronizations are similar. Our results set the stage for investigating information sharing between several connected noisy rhythms in neural and other complex biological networks.

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Janello, Carrie, and Paul R. Donavan. "Mapping Heavy Vehicle Noise Source Heights for Highway Noise." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 24 (July 21, 2018): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118788428.

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The NCHRP Project 25-45 was initiated in 2013 to measure noise sources during heavy truck pass-bys using the acoustic beamforming method. Phase I testing included measurements from four relatively flat sites in Northern California, where heavy trucks traveled under moderate vehicle speeds. Sixteen additional sites in North Carolina were tested as part of Phase II. These sites had varying pavement grades, faster/slower posted speed limits, and varying operating conditions. The source mapping results from both phases were used to develop noise versus height profiles. The profiles were not significantly dependent on site and operating conditions. Average profiles were developed for each site to demonstrate that the predominant noise source was tire/pavement noise, with engine/powertrain being the secondary source; elevated sources occurred rarely and were equal to or greater than tire/pavement for only 0.5% of the total 1,289 trucks measured, while only 1.8% were within 5 dB(A) of the pavement source and 4.7% were within 10 dB(A).

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Kassa, Wosen-Eshetu, Anne-Laure Billabert, Salim Faci, and Catherine Algani. "Simulation of heterodyne RoF systems based on 2 DFB lasers: application to an optical phase-locked loop design." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 6, no. 2 (February 19, 2014): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714000117.

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This paper presents a simulation approach of optical heterodyne systems by using the equivalent circuit representation of a distributed feedback laser (DFB) in the electrical domain. Since the electrical representation of the DFB laser is developed from the rate equations, its characteristics such as non-linearity, relative intensity noise (RIN), and phase noise can be predicted precisely for various biasing conditions. The model is integrated in a heterodyne radio over fiber (RoF) system where two DFB lasers are used to generate a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal. An optical phase-locked loop is also introduced to reduce the phase noise on the mm-wave signal. The optical phase noise contribution of individual lasers to the mm-wave signal is evaluated and compared with theoretical results. It is shown that the phase noise of the mm-wave is reduced considerably depending on the loop bandwidth and propagation delay. With the circuit simulation approach proposed, optical and mm-wave phase noises can be studied together with other circuit environments such as parasitic effects and driver circuits.

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Sciacchitano, Federica, Yiqiu Dong, and Martin S. Andersen. "Total Variation Based Parameter-Free Model for Impulse Noise Removal." Numerical Mathematics: Theory, Methods and Applications 10, no. 1 (February 2017): 186–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/nmtma.2017.m1613.

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AbstractWe propose a new two-phase method for reconstruction of blurred images corrupted by impulse noise. In the first phase, we use a noise detector to identify the pixels that are contaminated by noise, and then, in the second phase, we reconstruct the noisy pixels by solving an equality constrained total variation minimization problem that preserves the exact values of the noise-free pixels. For images that are only corrupted by impulse noise (i.e., not blurred) we apply the semismooth Newton's method to a reduced problem, and if the images are also blurred, we solve the equality constrained reconstruction problem using a first-order primal-dual algorithm. The proposed model improves the computational efficiency (in the denoising case) and has the advantage of being regularization parameter-free. Our numerical results suggest that the method is competitive in terms of its restoration capabilities with respect to the other two-phase methods.

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Pandit, Rathnakara Srinivasa, and Udayashankara Veerappa. "Single line noise cancellation using derivative of normalized least mean square algorithm." International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v12i1.pp38-45.

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Suppression of noise in noisy speech signal is required in many speech enhancement applications like signal recording and transmission from one place to other. In this paper a novel single line noise cancellation system is proposed using derivative of normalized least mean spare algorithm. The proposed system has two phases. The first phase is generation of secondary reference signal from incoming primary signal itself at initial silence period and pause between two words, which is essential while adaptive filter using as noise canceller. Second phase is noise cancellation using proposed modified error data normalized step size algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm and original error data normalized step size (EDNSS) algorithm using standard IEEE sentence (SP23) of Noizeus data base with different types of real world noise at different level of signal to noise ratio (SNR). The output of proposed, NLMS and EDNSS algorithm are measured with output SNR, excessive mean square error (EMSE) and misadjustment (M). The results clearly illustrates that the proposed algorithm gives improved result over conventional NLMS and EDNSS algorithm. The speed of convergence is also maintained as same conventional NLMS algorithm.

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Y, Sravanthi. "LSTM - Aided Speech Enhancement with Wiener Filter Adaptation." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 17, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30882.

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Speech enhancement plays a pivotal role in various applications, from improving the intelligibility of spoken communication in noisy environments. With the assistance of deep learning, a novel approach speech signal enhancement model is introduced in this research. The proposed LSTM model estimates the tuning factor of the Wiener filter with the aid of extracted features to obtain the de-noised speech signal. This model is structured into two phases: Training and Testing. During the training phase, Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is employed to estimate both the noise and signal spectrum from the noisy input signal. Subsequently, Empirical Mean Decomposition (EMD) features are extracted from the Wiener filter and a de-noised speech signal is obtained via processing. Additionally, bark frequency information is evaluated. In the testing phase, the LSTM model has been trained by the extracted features (EMD) via a modified wiener filter. The combination of LSTM-based temporal modeling with trained features and the adaptive Wiener filter results in significantly improved speech quality and intelligibility. Keywords— Speech Enhancement, Non-negative Matrix Factorization, Empirical Mode Decomposition, Wiener Filter.

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Yin, T. C., J. C. Chan, and L. H. Carney. "Effects of interaural time delays of noise stimuli on low-frequency cells in the cat's inferior colliculus. III. Evidence for cross-correlation." Journal of Neurophysiology 58, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 562–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.58.3.562.

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1. We tested the coincidence, or cross-correlation, model of Jeffress, which proposes a neuronal mechanism for sensitivity to interaural time differences (ITDs) in low-frequency cells in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) of the cat. Different tokens of Gaussian noise stimuli were delivered to the two ears. We studied the neural responses to changes in ITDs of these stimuli and examined the manner in which the binaural cells responded to them. All of our results support the idea that the central binaural neurons perform an operation very similar to cross-correlation on the inputs arriving from each side. These inputs are transformed from the actual acoustic signal by the peripheral auditory system, and these transformations are reflected in the properties of the cross-correlations. 2. The responses to ITDs of identical broadband noise stimuli to the two ears varies cyclically as a function of ITD at a frequency close to the best frequency of the neuron. This cyclic response is a consequence of the narrowband filtering of the wideband acoustic signal by the auditory nerve fibers. To examine the effects of using stimuli to the two ears that were correlated to each other to different degrees, we generated pairs of noises. Each pair consisted of one standard noise, which was delivered to one ear, and a linear sum of two standard uncorrelated noises, which was delivered to the other ear. The responses of 34 neurons in the ICC to ITDs of noises with variable interaural coherence were examined. When partially correlated noises were delivered, there was a positive and approximately linear relationship between the degree of modulation of the response as a function of ITD and interaural coherence. The degree of modulation was measured by the synchronization coefficient, or vector strength, over one period of the ITD curve. 3. We examined the effects of altering the interaural phase relationships of the input noise stimuli. The phase of the noise stimuli was changed by digitally filtering the standard noise so that only a phase delay was imposed. The responses to ITDs with differing interaural phase relationships were then studied by delivering a phase-shifted noise to one ear and the standard noise to the other. The ITD curves in response to phase-shifted noise were shifted by about the same amount as the shift of the stimulus; the shift of the response was measured with respect to the case with identical noises to the two ears.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Gillard, Nicolas, Étienne Belin, and François Chapeau-Blondeau. "Stochastic Resonance with Unital Quantum Noise." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 18, no. 03 (July 16, 2019): 1950015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477519500159.

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The fundamental quantum information processing task of estimating the phase of a qubit is considered. Following quantum measurement, the estimation efficiency is evaluated by the classical Fisher information which determines the best performance limiting any estimator and achievable by the maximum likelihood estimator. The estimation process is analyzed in the presence of decoherence represented by essential quantum noises that can affect the qubit and belonging to the broad class of unital quantum noises. Such a class especially contains the bit-flip, the phase-flip, the depolarizing noises, or the whole family of Pauli noises. As the level of noise is increased, we report the possibility of non-standard behaviors where the estimation efficiency does not necessarily deteriorate uniformly, but can experience non-monotonic variations. Regimes are found where higher noise levels prove more favorable to estimation. Such behaviors are related to stochastic resonance effects in signal estimation, shown here feasible for the first time with unital quantum noises. The results provide enhanced appreciation of quantum noise or decoherence, manifesting that it is not always detrimental for quantum information processing.

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Kebe, Mamady, and Mihai Sanduleanu. "A Low-Phase-Noise 8 GHz Linear-Band Sub-Millimeter-Wave Phase-Locked Loop in 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS." Micromachines 14, no. 5 (May 8, 2023): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14051010.

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Low-phase noise and wideband phased-locked loops (PLLs) are crucial for high-data rate communication and imaging systems. Sub-millimeter-wave (sub-mm-wave) PLLs typically exhibit poor performance in terms of noise and bandwidth due to higher device parasitic capacitances, among other reasons. In this regard, a low-phase-noise, wideband, integer-N, type-II phase-locked loop was implemented in the 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS process. The proposed wideband linear differential tuning I/Q voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) achieves an overall frequency range of 157.5–167.5 GHz with 8 GHz linear tuning and a phase noise of −113 dBc/Hz @ 100 KHz. Moreover, the fabricated PLL produces a phase noise less than −103 dBc/Hz @ 1 KHz and −128 dBc/Hz @ 100 KHz, corresponding to the lowest phase noise generated by a sub-millimeter-wave PLL to date. The measured RF output saturated power and DC power consumption of the PLL are 2 dBm and 120.75 mW, respectively, whereas the fabricated chip comprising a power amplifier and an integrated antenna occupies an area of 1.25 × 0.9 mm2.

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Murugesan, K., and V. C. Ravichandran. "Analysis of multiwavelength OOCDMA system with laser phase noise, modal noise, MUI, and receiver noises." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 23, no. 5 (December 5, 1999): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2760(19991205)23:5<299::aid-mop12>3.0.co;2-a.

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Liang, Chong. "Research on In-phase Signal Combining Method for Improving Phase Noise." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2480, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2480/1/012011.

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Abstract In high-precision system design, the realization of target precision is often limited by the design of the frequency source. In the design and testing of frequency sources, phase noise is often listed as an assessment item that can characterize the performance of frequency sources. Due to the current design and manufacturing level of devices and circuits, it is difficult for conventional methods to get a significant improvement in the phase noise index. This paper explains the concept, source and characteristics of phase noise. According to the different combining characteristics of the main signal and the phase noise, an in-phase signal combining method is proposed to improve the phase noise index. Multiple S-band frequency sources were used to build the verification platform. This platform is used to verify the improvement of the in-phase signal combining method in phase noise index. Finally, this paper presents the difficulties and methods of in-phase signal combining in practical design and applications.

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Loh, William, Siva Yegnanarayanan, Rajeev J. Ram, and Paul W. Juodawlkis. "Unified Theory of Oscillator Phase Noise I: White Noise." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 61, no. 6 (June 2013): 2371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2013.2260170.

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Loh, William, Siva Yegnanarayanan, Rajeev J. Ram, and Paul W. Juodawlkis. "Unified Theory of Oscillator Phase Noise II: Flicker Noise." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 61, no. 12 (December 2013): 4130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2013.2288205.

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Cibiel, G., M. Regis, E. Tournier, and O. Llopis. "AM noise impact on low level phase noise measurements." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 49, no. 6 (June 2002): 784–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2002.1009336.

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Charlamov, Jevgenij. "PLL DESIGN AND INVESTIGATION IN CMOS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2010): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.012.

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In the article the architecture of a charge pump phase locked loop is shown. The influence on overall system performance of its functional blocks is discussed. Voltage controlled oscillator phase noise analysis is done and the relationship between a charge pump phase locked loop and voltage controlled oscillator phase noises are determined. The requirements and results of the accomplished design are discussed. Area of chip PLL – 150×250 μm2, power consumption – 10 mW and phase noise is –125 dBc/Hz with 1 MHz deviation from central 670 MHz frequency.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Phase noise'

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