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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phase noise'
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Grobbelaar, Johannes Jacobus. "Phase noise measurement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6806.
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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of the thesis is the development of a phase noise measuring system that makes use of crosscorrelation and averaging to measure below the system hardware noise floor. Various phase noise measurement techniques are considered after which the phase demodulation method is chosen to be implemented. The full development cycle of the hardware is discussed, as well as the post processing that is performed on the measured phase noise.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie tesis is die ontwikkeling van ’n faseruis meetstelsel wat gebruik maak van kruiskorrelasie en vergemiddeling om onder die ruisvloer van die meetstelsel se hardeware te meet. Verskeie faseruis meettegnieke word ondersoek en die fase demodulasie metode word gekies om geïmplementeer te word. Die volle ontwikkelingsiklus van die hardeware word bespreek, sowel as die naverwerking wat toegepas is op die gemete faseruis.
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Vogel, Michael 1980. "Low phase-noise VCO design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87880.
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Sanders, Barry Cyril. "Phase noise in quantum physics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11624.
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The nature of phase noise in quantum optics is analyzed. In an experiment involving the measurement of the electromagnetic field the two quantities of interest are the energy and phase of the field. However, measurements of the quantities produce quantum fluctuations. The quantum fluctuations are regarded as noise in the treatment presented here. The quantum system is represented by a probability distribution, the Wigner function, and the quantum fluctuations are treated as stochastic noise associated with the quantity being measured. The difficulties of associating a quantum operator with the phase of the system are reviewed and the related energy-phase uncertainty relation is discussed. The alternate interpretation of the phase noise of a quantum system as being the classical phase noise of the Wigner function is presented. In particular the energy and phase noise of the vacuum state, the coherent state, the squeezed state and the squeezed vacuum are discussed in this way. The squeezed states of light are minimum uncertainty states with respect to the quadrature operators and exhibit noise of one quadrature below the noise level associated with the vacuum. The reduced noise level in one quadrature of the field underlies the importance of squeezed states in many practical applications where there is a need to reduce the quantum noise of one quadrature of coherent light. The periodic phase operator eliminates the difficulties associated with the multivalued nature of phase. The analysis of the vacuum and intense coherent state of Carruthers and Nieto by employing periodic phase operators is reviewed, particularly with respect to the energy-phase uncertainty relations and we generalize the approach to develop a phase operator analysis of the squeezed state in the intense field and vacuum limits. We demonstrate here for the first time that the phase operator is simply related to the phase of the squeezed state in the intense field limit and that the squeezed state is approximately an energy-phase minimum uncertainty state in the low-squeezing limit. Also we enlarge on previous work to demonstrate that the phase operator corresponds simply and unambiguously to the phase of the squeeze parameter for the strongly squeezed vacuum and the intensely squeezed vacuum is an energy-phase minimum uncertainty state for some values of phase. The occurrence of squeezing for the case of two coupled quantum oscillators is presented. The system consisting of one mode of the electromagnetic field coupled to a spinless nonrelativistic electron subjected to an harmonic potential is represented by two coupled harmonic oscillators. The dynamics are compared for the case that the rotating wave approximation is employed and for the case that the counter-rotating terms are included. These calculations have not been performed before. The parametric amplifier Hamiltonian with a nonresonant coupling is also studied in order to provide insight into the effects of the counter-rotating terms. Squeezing of the field produced by the electron is a consequence of the inclusion of the counter-rotating terms. The case of a spinless nonrelativistic electron subject to an harmonic potential and coupled to a continuum of electromagnetic field modes is also considered. The case of two coupled oscillators discussed above is generalized by replacing the oscillator which represents the single-mode field by a bath of oscillators. The effects of including counter-rotating terms and of ignoring the counter - rotating terms in the Hamiltonian are compared. The interaction is assumed to produce a frequency shift and an exponential damping term for the oscillating electron. The frequency shift is assumed to be small in either case and so the Wigner-Weisskopff approximation is employed to solve the equations of motion. We demonstrate the new results that dissipation-induced phase-dependent noise is a consequence of including the counter-rotating terms and that the noise is phase-independent for the case that the counterrotating terms are excluded. The relation between these results and recent work on quantum tunnelling in superconducting quantum interference devices is discussed. We conclude by suggesting further research related to the work in this thesis.
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Rael, Jacob Jude. "Phase noise in LC oscillators." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1472130231&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Brock, Scott E. "Device Shot Noise and Saturation Effects on Oscillator Phase Noise." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35099.
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Oscillator phase noise is an important factor in designing radio frequency (RF) communications hardware. Phase noise directly contributes to adjacent-channel interference and an increase in bit error rate (BER).
Understanding the operation of an oscillator can help with the oscillator design process. Also, the understanding of the noise processes within an oscillator can add insight to the design process, allowing an intelligent low-noise design. It will be shown that although simulation software can be helpful, the understanding of the oscillator operation is a valuable tool in the design process.
Oscillator design will be discussed, and then the noise processes of the oscillator will be investigated. A new method of decomposing shot noise into in-phase and quadrature components will be discussed. The noise processes discussed for a non-saturating bipolar junction transistor (BJT) Colpitts oscillator will be extended to the case of a saturating BJT Colpitts oscillator. This new method gives insight into the design of low-noise oscillators, and provides guidelines for design of low-noise oscillators. Example oscillators will support the theory and low-noise design guidelines. It will be seen that although designing an oscillator to saturate can provide a stable output level over a wide bandwidth, the added noise production may degrade the performance of the oscillator through both a lower effective Q and restricted signal level compared to the noise.
Master of Science
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SANTOS, BRUNO PALHARES DOS. "PHASE NOISE OPTIMIZATION OF MICROWAVE OSCILLATORS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7590@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORNesta dissertação foram projetados e desenvolvidos osciladores apresentando ruído de fase otimizado. Em virtude das limitações dos equipamentos analisadores de espectro na precisa medição do ruído de fase dos osciladores desenvolvidos nos laboratórios do CETUC, foi implementada a técnica de medição Método do Detector de Fase. Esta técnica consiste no desenvolvimento de um segundo oscilador com as mesmas características do existente, e com auxílio de misturadores, realizar o batimento dos mesmos para freqüências próximas a DC, onde nesta região a medição do ruído de fase torna-se viável. Entretanto, em aplicações dedicadas, verificou-se que o batimento entre dois osciladores operando em torno de 10 GHz produz uma freqüência intermediária instável, variando de 10 kHz à 50 kHz. Para evitar a realização de uma medição extremamente instável, utilizou-se o método de sincronização de freqüências (Injection Locking) entre os osciladores. Foi também destacada a influência do ruído de cintilação (Flicker Noise) na medida final do ruído de fase. A melhor medida aferida foi em torno de -100 dBc/Hz @ 3,25 kHz. Foi verificado através de diversas simulações que a freqüência de cintilação int c f , situada em 10 MHz, apresenta grande influência sobre as medições do ruído de fase realizadas à 3,25 kHz da portadora, degradando-o em cerca de 30dB.
In this dissertation, oscillators presenting optimized phase noise had been projected and develloped. Because of the limitation of the specter analyzer devices in the accurate measurements of the oscillators phase noise developed in the CETUC laboratories, it was implemented the measurement technique called Phase Detector Method. This technique consists on the development of a second oscillator with the same characteristics of the already existent one and, with aid of mixers, multiplies these signals together and provides the difference of the two signals next to DC, where, in this region, the measurement of the phase noise becomes viable. However, in dedicated applications, it was verified that the beating between two oscillators operating around 10GHz produces instable intermediate frequency, varying between 10kHz to 50kHz. To prevent the accomplishment of an extremely unstable measurement, the method of synchronization of frequency (Injection Locking) between the oscillators was used. Also the influence of the Flicker Noise in the final measure of the phase noise was detached. The best measure was around -100dBc/Hz@3,25kHz. It was verified through lots of simulations that the flicker corner frequency int c f , situated in 10MHz, presents great influence on the measures of the phase noise carried through to the 3,25kHz of the carrier, degrading it in about 30dB.
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Azizoḡlu, Murat. "Phase noise in coherent optical communications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13463.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1991.Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-206).
by Murat AzizoÄlu.
Ph.D.
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Maree, Jacques. "Low phase noise cylindrical cavity oscillator." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80079.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this thesis is to develop a 9.2 GHz low phase noise oscillator with a cylindrical cavity resonator. A cylindrical metal cavity with air as dielectric was used as a resonator. To minimise the phase noise of the oscillator, the resonator must be designed to have a high Q-factor. A high Q-factor was obtained by designing the resonator to operate in the TE011 mode. A tuning screw was used to tune the resonant frequency without significantly affecting the Q-factor. The tuning screw also separates the resonant frequencies of the degenerate TE011 and TM111 modes. The signal is coupled to the resonator by means of rectangular apertures. The coupling was designed to minimise the phase noise of the oscillator. A dual mode waveguide filter was developed and inserted into the oscillator loop in order to prevent oscillation at unwanted frequencies. Due to the excellent phase noise performance of the oscillator, it was not possible to measure the phase noise directly with the available phase noise meter. A measurement setup using two similar oscillators tuned to oscillate at frequencies differing by about 60 MHz was implemented. The output signals were down-converted to the difference frequency where the phase noise could be measured accurately. The output signal of the oscillator was measured at different locations in the loop and clearly showed that the resonator can be used as a filter to minimise the phase noise. The performance of the oscillators met all expectations. Phase noise levels of -115 dBc/Hz and -146 dBc/Hz were obtained at offset frequencies of 10 and 100 kHz.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie tesis is om ‘n 9.2 GHz lae faseruis ossillator met 'n silindriese holte resoneerder te ontwikkel. 'n Silindriese metaal golfleier holte met 'n lug diëlektrikum was gebruik as die resoneerder. Om die faseruis van die ossillator te minimeer moet die resoneerder ontwerp word om 'n hoë Q-faktor te hê. Om 'n hoë Q-faktor te behaal was die resoneerder ontwerp om in die TE011 orde te werk. Die resoneerder is toegerus met 'n verstelskroef wat die bedryfsfrekwensie verstel sonder om die belaste Q-faktor aansienlik te beïnvloed. Die verstelskroef skei ook die frekwensie van die degeneratiewe TE011 en TM111 ordes. Drywing word na die resoneerder gekoppel deur middel van reghoekige openinge. Die koppeling is ontwerp om die faseruis van die ossillator te minimeer. 'n Tweede orde dubbelmodes golfleier filter is ontwerp en in die ossillatorlus ingevoeg om ossillasie by ongewenste frekwensies te voorkom. Vanweë die baie lae faseruis van die ossillator was dit nie moontlik om die faseruis direk met die beskikbare faseruismeter te meet nie. 'n Meetopstelling met twee soorgelyke ossillators waarvan die frekwensies met ongeveer 60 MHz verskil is geïmplementeer. Die uittreeseine van die ossillators is afgemeng na die verskilfrekwensie waar die meetinstrument meer sensitief is en die faseruis akkuraat gemeet kan word. Die uittreesein van die ossillator is by verskillende punte gemeet en het duidelik getoon dat die resoneerder as filter gebruik kan word om die faseruis te minimeer. Die ossillators se werkverrigting het aan die verwagtinge voldoen. Faseruis vlakke van -115 dBc/Hz en -146 dBc/Hz by afsetfrekwensies van onderskeidelik 10 en 100 kHz is verkry.
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Ye, Sheng. "Phase realignment and phase noise suppression in PLLs and DLLs /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3091345.
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Theodoropoulos, Konstantinos. "Residual phase noise modelling of silicon bipolar amplifiers and ultra low phase noise ceramic dielectric resonator oscillators." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556201.
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This thesis describes research into the modelling of residual 1/ f phase noise for Si bipolar amplifiers operating in the linear region and the design construction and measurements of L-Band (1.2 GHz) and C-Band (4.2 GHz and 4.6 GHz) ceramic dielectric resonator based ultra low phase noise oscillators using Si devices. It proposed and demonstrated that for Si bipolar amplifiers the 1/ f phase noise is largely due to the base emitter recombination flicker noise. The up conversion mechanism is described through linear approximation of the phase variation of the amplifier phase response by the variation of the device parameters (Cbc, Cbe, gm, re) caused by the recombination 1/ f noise. The amplifier phase response describes the device over the whole frequency range of operation where the influence of the poles and zeros is investigated. It is found that for a common emitter amplifier it is sufficient to only incorporate the effect of the device poles to describe the phase noise behaviour over most of its operational frequency range. Simulations predict the measurements of others including the flattening of the PM noise at frequencies beyond f3dB, not predicted by previous models. A novel ceramic dielectric resonator based oscillator at 1.2 GHz is described. The oscillator achieves phase noise of -171.8 d. Bc] Hz at 10 kHz offset and ~ 144.5 d. Bc] H z at 1 kHz which is the lowest noise reported in the literature at this frequency band. To achieve these results extensive optimisation of amplifiers has been taken place. For example the amplifiers used in the oscillator produce a very low phase noise better than -182 dBc / Hz at 10 kHz and -175 dBc / Hz at 1 kHz offset from the carrier respectively. Also low residual phase noise narrow band tuning and high power handling phase shifters are reported for the use in oscilIator. Two oscillators at C-Band (4.2 GHz and 4.6 GHz) based on ceramic resonators are described. The 4.2 GHz Oscillator provides a phase noise of -153 dBc/ Hz at 10 kHz and -128 dBc/ Hz at 1 kHz offset from the carrier, which is the lowest reported in literature for that type of oscillators. The 4.6 GHz oscillator phase noise is -149 d. Bc/Hz at 10 kHz and -119.2 d. Bc/Hz at 1 kHz offsets respectively. Both oscillators used the same configuration and the same amplification devices and topology. The improved performance is mainly due to the use of low residual phase noise silicon bipolar amplifiers operated in a push pull configuration, where in literature amplifiers employing SiGe HBTs have been used.
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Wilcoxson, Donald C. (Donald Craig). "Phase noise in low-power radio communications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38178.
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Thesis (Elec. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-101).
by Donald C. Wilcoxson.
Elec.E.
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Харченко, Дмитро Олегович, Дмитрий Олегович Харченко, Dmytro Olehovych Kharchenko, Ігор Олександрович Князь, Игорь Александрович Князь, Ihor Oleksandrovych Kniaz, Олександр Іванович Олємской, Александр Иванович Олемской, and Oleksandr Ivanovych Oliemskoi. "Phase transitions induced by noise cross-correlations." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23676.
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Alberts, Antonie Craig. "Phase noise reduction in a multiphase oscillator." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66581.
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Oscillators are ubiquitous to radio frequency circuits, where frequency translations and channel selection play a central role in the analogue communications channel. Oscillators also form part of digital systems as a time reference. Typical heterodyne receivers require an intermediate frequency channel. The associated oscillators and variable filters can only be centred perfectly at a single frequency, and degrade performance at the boundaries of the channel. These circuits also require image-rejecting filters and phase-locked loops in order to enable down-conversion. The penalties for these components are increased circuit area and power consumption. A direct down-conversion circuit will reduce the number of components in the system. A requirement added by the structural change is a passive sub-harmonic mixer. Quadrature oscillators may be achieved by cross-coupling two nominally identical LC differential voltage-controlled oscillators. Because of the widespread use of voltage-controlled oscillators in wireless communication systems, the development of comprehensive nonlinear analysis is pertinent in theory and applications. A key characteristic that defines the performance of an oscillator is the phase noise measurement. The voltage-controlled oscillator is also a key component in phase-locked loops, as it contributes to most of the out-of-band phase noise, as well as a significant portion of in-band noise. Current state-of-the-art modulation techniques, implemented at 60 GHz, such as quadrature amplitude modulation, and orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing, require phase noise specifications superior to 90 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset. It has been shown that owing to the timing of the current injection, the Colpitts oscillator tends to outperform other oscillator structures in terms of phase noise performance. The Colpitts oscillator has a major flaw in that the start-up gain must be relatively high in comparison to the cross-coupled oscillator. The oscillation amplitude cannot be extended as in the cross-coupled case. The oscillator’s bias current generally limits the oscillation amplitude. The phase noise is defined by a stochastic differential equation, which can be used to predict the system’s phase noise performance. The characteristics of the oscillator can then be defined using the trajectory. The model projects the noise components of the oscillator onto the trajectory, and then translates the noise into the resulting phase and amplitude shift. The phase noise performance of an oscillator may be improved by altering the shape of the trajectory. The trajectory of the oscillator is separated into slow and fast transients. Improving the shape of the oscillator’s slow manifold may improve its phase noise performance, and improving the loaded quality factor of the tank circuit may be shown to directly improve upon close-in phase noise.
The approach followed describes oscillator behaviour from a circuit-level analysis. The derived equations do not have a closed form solution, but are reformulated using harmonic balance techniques to yield approximate solutions. The results from this closed form approximation are very close to both the numerical solutions of the differential equations, as well as the Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis solutions for the same circuits. The derived equations are able to predict the amplitude and frequency in the single-phase example accurately, and are extended to provide a numerical platform for defining the amplitude and frequency of a multiphase oscillator. The analysis identifies various circuit components that influence the oscillator’s phase noise performance. A circuit-level modification is then identified, enabling the decoupling of some of the factors and their interactions. This study demonstrates that the phase noise performance of a Colpitts oscillator may be significantly improved by making the proposed changes to the oscillator. The oscillator’s figure of merit is improved even further. When a given oscillator is set at its optimum phase noise level, the collector current will account for approximately 85% of the phase noise; with the approach in this work, the average collector current is reduced and phase noise performance is improved. The key focus of the work was to identify circuit level changes to an oscillator’s structure that could be improved or changed to achieve better phase noise performance. The objective was not to improve passive components, but rather to identify how the noise-to-phase noise transfer function could be improved. The work successfully determines what can be altered in an oscillator that will yield improved phase noise performance by altering the phase noise transfer function.The concept is introduced on a differential oscillator and then extended to the multiphase oscillator. The impulse sensitivity function of the modified multiphase oscillator is improved by altering the typical feedback structure of the oscillator. The multiphase oscillator in this work is improved from -106 dBc/Hz to -113 dBc/Hz when considering the phase noise contribution from the tank circuits’ bias current alone. This is achieved by uniquely altering the feedback method of the oscillator. This change alters the noise-to-phase noise properties of the oscillator, reducing phase noise. The improvement in the phase noise does not account for further improvements the modification would incorporate in the oscillator’s limit cycle. For a given tank circuit, supply current and voltage, compared to an optimised Colpitts oscillator, the modifications to the feedback structure proposed in this work would further improve the figure of merit by 9 dB. This is not considering the change in the power consumption, which would yield a further improvement in the figure of merit by 7 dB. This is achieved by relaxing the required start-up current of the oscillator and effecting an improvement in the impulse sensitivity function. Future research could include further modelling of the phase shift in the feedback network, including the transmission lines in the feedback networks using the harmonic balance technique in a numerical form. The feedback technique can also be modified to be applicable to single and differential oscillators.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
National Research Foundation
The Department of Science and Technology, South Africa
GEW Technologies (Pty) Ltd
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted
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Gillespie, Shane Matthew. "Characterizing Phase Noise for Beam Steering Devices." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1398785413.
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Tomlin, Toby-Daniel. "Analysis and modelling of jitter and phase noise in electronic systems : phase noise in RF amplifiers and jitter in timing recovery circuits." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0021.
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Timing jitter and phase noise are important design considerations in most electronic systems, particularly communication systems. The desire for faster transmission speeds and higher levels of integration, combined with lower signal levels and denser circuit boards has placed greater emphasis on managing problems related to phase noise, timing jitter, and timing distribution. This thesis reports original work on phase noise modelling in electronic systems. A new model is proposed which predicts the up-conversion of baseband noise to the carrier frequency in RF amplifiers. The new model is validated by comparing the predicted phase noise performance to experimental measurements as it applies to a common emitter (CE), bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifier. The results show that the proposed model correctly predicts the measured phase noise, including the shaping of the noise about the carrier frequency, and the dependence of phase noise on the amplifier parameters. In addition, new work relating to timing transfer in digital communication systems is presented. A new clock recovery algorithm is proposed for decoding timing information encoded using the synchronous residual time-stamp (SRTS) method. Again, theoretical analysis is verified by comparison with an experimental implementation. The results show that the new algorithm correctly recovers the source clock at the destination, and satisfies the jitter specification set out by the ITU-T for G.702 signals.
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Weltin-Wu, Colin. "A low phase noise ring oscillator phase-locked loop for wireless applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33386.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 129).
This thesis describes the circuit level design of a 900MHz [Sigma][Detta] ring oscillator based phase-locked loop using 0.35[mu]m technology. Multiple phase noise theories are considered giving insight into low phase-noise voltage controlled oscillator design. The circuit utilizes a fully symmetric differential voltage controlled oscillator with cascode current starved inverters to reduces current noise. A compact multi-modulus prescaler is presented, based on modified true single-phase clock flip-flops with integrated logic. A fully differential charge pump with switched-capacitor common mode feedback is utilized in conjunction with a nonlinear phase-frequency detector for accelerated acquisition time.
by Colin Weltin-Wu.
M.Eng.
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Lee, Jae Seung. "CW and pulsed TWTA phase noise reduction techniques /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Bunnjaweht, Sawat. "Phase noise reduction techniques for RF signal generator." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/962/.
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Meninger, Scott (Scott Edward) 1974. "Low phase noise, high bandwidth frequency synthesis techniques." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33860.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 243-249).
A quantization noise reduction technique is proposed that allows fractional-N frequency synthesizers to achieve high closed loop bandwidth and low output phase noise simultaneously. Quantization induced phase noise is the bottleneck in state-of-the-art synthesizer design, and results in a noise-bandwidth tradeoff that typically limits closed loop synthesizer bandwidths to be <100kHz for adequate phase noise performance to be achieved. Using the proposed technique, quantization noise is reduced to the point where intrinsic noise sources (VCO, charge-pump, reference and PFD noise) ultimately limit noise performance. An analytical model that draws an analogy between fractional-N frequency synthesizers and MASH A digital-to-analog converters is proposed. Calculated performance of a synthesizer implementing the proposed quantization noise reduction techniques shows excellent agreement with simulation results of a behavioral model. Behavioral modeling techniques that progressively incorporate non-ideal circuit behavior based on SPICE level simulations are proposed. The critical circuits used to build the proposed synthesizer are presented.
(cont.) These include a divider retiming circuit that avoids meta-stability related to synchronizing an asynchronous signal, a timing mismatch compensation block used by a dual divider path PFD, and a unit element current source design for reduced output phase noise. Measurement results of a prototype 0.18/m CMOS synthesizer show that quantization noise is suppressed by 29dB when the proposed synthesizer architecture is compared to 2nd order EA frequency synthesizer. The 1MHz closed loop bandwidth allows the synthesizer to be modulated by up to 1Mb/s GMSK data for use as a transmitter with 1.8GHz and 900MHz outputs. The analytical model is used to back extract on-chip mismatch parameters that are not directly measurable. This represents a new analysis technique that is useful in the characterization of fractional-N frequency synthesizers.
by Scott Edward Meninger.
Ph.D.
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Dove, Justin (Justin Michael). "Phase-noise limitations on nonlinear-optical quantum computing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89857.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
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Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-58).
Flying in the face of the long-sought-after goal of building optical quantum computers, we show that traditional approaches leveraging nonlinear-optical cross phase modulation (XPM) to construct the critical element, the cphase gate - a gate which seeks to impart a [pi]-radian phase shift on a single photon pulse, conditioned on the presence of a second single photon pulse - are doomed to fail. The traditional story told in common textbooks fails to account for the continuous-time nature of the real world. Previous work addressing this fact - finding that that the proper continuous-time theory introduces fidelity-degrading phase noise that precludes such proposals - was limited in scope to the case of co-propagating pulses with equal group velocities. This left room for criticism that a high-fidelity cphase gate might be constructed using XPM with pulses that pass through each other. In our work, we build such a continuous-time quantum theory of XPM for pulses that pass through each other and evaluate its consequences. We find that fundamental aspects of the real world prevent one from constructing a perfect cphase gate, even in theory, and we show that the best we can do seems to fall far short of what is needed for quantum computation, even if we are extremely optimistic.
by Justin Dove.
S.M.
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Pitarokoilis, Antonios. "Phase Noise and Wideband Transmission in Massive MIMO." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikationssystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-127399.
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In the last decades the world has experienced a massive growth in the demand for wireless services. The recent popularity of hand-held devices with data exchange capabilities over wireless networks, such as smartphones and tablets, increased the wireless data traffic even further. This trend is not expected to cease in the foreseeable future. In fact, it is expected to accelerate as everyday apparatus unrelated with data communications, such as vehicles or household devices, are foreseen to be equipped with wireless communication capabilities. Further, the next generation wireless networks should be designed such that they have increased spectral and energy efficiency, provide uniformly good service to all of the accommodated users and handle many more devices simultaneously. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (Massive MIMO) systems, also termed as large-scale MIMO, very large MIMO or full-dimension MIMO, have recently been proposed as a candidate technology for next generation wireless networks. In Massive MIMO, base stations (BSs) with a large number of antenna elements serve simultaneously only a few tens of single antenna, non-cooperative users. As the number of BS antennas grow large, the normalized channel vectors to the users become pairwise asymptotically orthogonal and, therefore, simple linear processing techniques are optimal. This is substantially different from the current design of contemporary cellular systems, where BSs are equipped with a few antennas and the optimal processing is complex. Consequently, the need for redesign of the communication protocols is apparent. The deployment of Massive MIMO requires the use of many inexpensive and, potentially, off-the-shelf hardware components. Such components are likely to be of low quality and to introduce distortions to the information signal. Hence, Massive MIMO must be robust against the distortions introduced by the hardware impairments. Among the most important hardware impairments is phase noise, which is introduced by local oscillators (LOs) at the BS and the user terminals. Phase noise is a phenomenon of particular importance since it acts multiplicatively on the desired signal and rotates it by some random and unknown argument. Further, the promised gains of Massive MIMO can be reaped by coherent combination of estimated channel impulse responses at the BS antennas. Phase noise degrades the quality of the estimated channel impulse responses and impedes the coherent combination of the received waveforms. In this dissertation, wideband transmission schemes and the effect of phase noise on Massive MIMO are studied. First, the use of a low-complexity single-carrier precoding scheme for the broadcast channel is investigated when the number of BS antennas is much larger than the number of served users. A rigorous, closed-form lower bound on the achievable sum-rate is derived and a scaling law on the potential radiated energy savings is stated. Further, the performance of the proposed scheme is compared with a sum-capacity upper bound and with a bound on the performance of the contemporary multi-carrier orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. Second, the effect of phase noise on the achievable rate performance of a wideband Massive MIMO uplink with time-reversal maximum ratio combining (TRMRC) receive processing is investigated. A rigorous lower bound on the achievable sum-rate is derived and a scaling law on the radiated energy efficiency is established. Two distinct LO configurations at the BS, i.e., the common LO (synchronous) operation and the independent LO (non-synchronous) operation, are analyzed and compared. It is concluded that the non-synchronous operation is preferable due to an averaging of the independent phase noise sources. Further, a progressive degradation of the achievable rate due to phase noise is observed. A similar study is extended to a flat fading uplink with zero-forcing (ZF) receiver at the BS. The fundamental limits of data detection in a phase-noise-impaired uplink are also studied, when the channel impulse responses are estimated via uplink training. The corresponding maximum likelihood (ML) detector is provided for the synchronous and non-synchronous operations and for a general parameterization of the phase noise statistics. The symbol error rate (SER) performance at the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the detectors is studied. Finally, rigorous lower bounds on the achievable rate of a Massive MIMO-OFDM uplink are derived and scaling laws on the radiated energy efficiency are stated.
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Golchenko, A., V. Kurash, Ігор Олександрович Князь, Игорь Александрович Князь, and Ihor Oleksandrovych Kniaz. "Noise-induced phase transitions in spatially extended system." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10552.
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Farhoudi, Ramtin. "Study of phase noise in optical coherent systems." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25706.
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Le bruit de phase est un problème important dans la conception de systèmes cohérents optiques. Bien que le bruit de phase soit étudié énormément dans les communications sans fil, certains aspects de bruit de phase sont nouveaux dans des systèmes cohérents optiques. Dans cette thèse, nous explorons les statistiques de bruit de phase dans les systèmes optiques cohérentes et proposons une nouvelle technique pour améliorer la robustesse du système envers le bruit de phase. Notre première contribution traite de l’étude des statistiques de bruit de phase en présence de compensation électronique de la dispersion chromatique (CD) dans des systèmes cohérents. Nous montrons que le modèle proposé précédemment pour l’interaction de CD avec bruit de phase doit être modifié à cause d’un modèle trop simple pour la récupération de phase. Nous dérivons une expression plus précise pour le bruit de phase estimé par la récupération de phase avec décision dirigée (DD), et utilisons cette expression pour modifier les statistiques de décision pour les symboles reçus. Nous calculons le taux d’erreur binaire (BER) pour le format de transmission DQPSK semi-analytiquement en utilisant nos statistiques de décision modifiées et montrons que pour la récupération de phase idéale, le BER semi-analytique est bien assorti avec le BER simulé avec la technique Monte-Carlo (MC). Notre deuxième contribution est l’adaptation d’une technique de codage MLCM pour les systèmes cohérents limités par le bruit de phase et le bruit blanc additif Gaussien (AWGN). Nous montrons que la combinaison d’une constellation optimisée pour le bruit de phase avec MLCM offre un système robuste à complexité modérée. Nous vérifions que la performance de MLCM dans des systèmes cohérents avec constellations 16-aires se détériorés par le bruit de phase non-linéaire et de Wiener. Pour le bruit de phase non-linéaire, notre conception de MLCM démontre une performance supérieure par rapport àune conception de MLCM déjà présente dans la littérature. Pour le bruit de phase de Wiener, nous comparons deux format de transmission, constellations carrées et optimisée pour bruit de phase, et deux techniques de codage, MLCM et codage à débit uniforme. Nos résultats expérimentaux pour BER après codage suivent les mêmes tendances que le BER simulé et confirment notre conception.Phase noise is an important issue in designing today’s optical coherent systems. Although phase noise is studied heavily in wireless communications, some aspects of phase noise are novel in optical coherent systems. In this thesis we explore phase noise statistics in optical coherent systems and propose a novel technique to increase system robustness toward phase noise. Our first contribution deals with the study of phase noise statistics in the presence of electronic chromatic dispersion (CD) compensation in coherent systems. We show that previously proposed model for phase noise and CD interaction must be modified due to an overly simple model of carrier phase recovery. We derive a more accurate expression for the estimated phase noise of decision directed (DD) carrier phase recovery, and use this expression to modify the decision statistics of received symbols. We calculate bit error rate (BER) of a differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) system semi-analytically using our modified decision statistics and show that for ideal DD carrier phase recovery the semi-analytical BER matches the BER simulated via Monte-Carlo (MC) technique. We show that the semi-analytical BER is a lower bound of simulated BER from Viterbi-Viterbi (VV) carrier phase recovery for a wide range of practical system parameters. Our second contribution is concerned with adapting a multi-level coded modulation (MLCM) technique for phase noise and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) limited coherent system. We show that the combination of a phase noise optimized constellation with MLCM offers a phase-noise robust system at moderate complexity. We propose a numerical method to design set-partitioning (mapping bits to symbols) and optimizing code rates for minimum block error rate (BLER).We verify MLCM performance in coherent systems of 16-ary constellations impaired by nonlinear and Wiener phase noise. For nonlinear phase noise, superior performance of our MLCM design over a previously designed MLCM system is demonstrated in terms of BLER. For Wiener phase noise, we compare optimized and square 16-QAM constellations assuming either MLCM or uniform rate coding. We compare post forward error correction (FEC) BER in addition to BLER by both simulation and experiment and show that superior BLER performance is translated into post FEC BER. Our experimental post FEC BER results follow the same trends as simulated BER, validating our design.
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Steinbach, David. "Oscillator Phase Noise Reduction Using Nonlinear Design Techniques." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32902.
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Phase noise from radio frequency (RF) oscillators is one of the major limiting factors affecting communication system performance. Phase noise directly effects short-term frequency stability, Bit-Error-Rate (BER), and phase-locked loop adjacent-channel interference.
RF oscillator circuits contain at least one active device, usually a transistor. The active device has noise properties which generally dominate the noise characteristic limits of an oscillator. Since all noise sources, except thermal noise, are generally proportional to average current flow through the active device, it is logical that reducing the current flow through the device will lead to lower noise levels. A theory based on the time-varying properties of oscillators proposes that narrowing the current pulse width in the active device will decrease the time that noise is present in the circuit and therefore, decrease phase noise even further.
The time-domain waveforms and phase noise of an active-biased 700MHz oscillator are analyzed, showing heavy saturation and high harmonic content. Redesigns of the example oscillator in active-bias and four-resistor-bias configurations show improved phase noise and lower harmonic levels at the output. Five oscillator designs of each bias configuration, each having a different pulse width, are simulated. As predicted by the theory, the narrowest current pulse corresponds to the lowest phase noise of the simulated oscillators.Master of Science
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Tang, Jin Niu Guofu. "Modeling and scaling limitations of SiGe HBT low-frequency noise and oscillator phase noise." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%208-7-07/TANG_JIN_32.pdf.
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Bolucek, Muhsin Alperen. "Design And Implementation Of Low Phase Noise Phase Locked Loop Based Local Oscillator." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611353/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, a low phase noise local oscillator operating at 2210 MHz is designed and implemented to be used in X-Band transmitter of a LEO satellite. Designed local oscillator is a PLL (Phase Locked Loop) based frequency synthesizer which is implemented using discrete commercial components including ultra low noise voltage controlled oscillator and high resolution, low noise fractional-N synthesizer. Operational settings of the synthesizer are done using three wire serial interface of a microcontroller. Although there are some imperfections in the implementation, phase noise of the prototype system is pretty good which is measured as -123.2 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset and less than -141.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset.
Made up of discrete components, the VCO used in the designed local oscillator is not integrable to frequency synthesizer which is implemented in CMOS technology. Considering technological progress, integrabilitiy of system components becomes important for designing single chip complete systems like transmitters, receivers or transceivers. Therefore considering a potential single chip transceiver production, also a CMOS voltage controlled oscillator is designed using standard TSMC 0.18um technology operating in between 2.05 GHz and 2.35 GHz . Since low phase noise is the main concern, phase noise models and phase noise reduction techniques that are derived from the models are studied. These techniques are applied to the VCO core to see the effects. Design is finalized by applying some of those techniques which are found to be noticeably effective to the core design. Finalized core operates from 2.15 GHz to 2.25 GHz and phase noise is simulated as -107.265 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset and -131.167 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. Also oscillator has figure of merit of -185.4 at 100 kHz offset. These values show that designed core is considerably good when compared to similar designs.
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Mukherjee, Jayanta. "General non linear perturbation model of phase noise in LC oscillators." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1149061925.
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Bale, Simon. "Ultra high Q resonators and very low phase noise measurement systems for low noise oscillators." Thesis, University of York, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3159/.
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This thesis describes research into ultra high Q Bragg resonators, low phase noise measurement systems and low noise oscillators. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first is concerned with the modelling, design and implementation of an extremely high quality factor Bragg resonator. This resonator utilises an aperiodic arrangement of non $\lambda/4$ low loss alumina plates mounted in a cylindrical waveguide. An ABCD parameter waveguide model is developed to simulate and optimise the cavity. The dielectric plates and air waveguide dimensions are optimised using a genetic algorithm to achieve maximum quality factor by redistributing the energy loss within the cavity. An unloaded quality factor ($Q_{0}$) of 196,000 was demonstrated at 9.93 GHz. In the second part the design, implementation and measurement results for an ultra-low noise floor cross correlation residual phase noise measurement system are shown. A measurement noise floor of -200 dBc/Hz is achieved for 100,000 correlations. Residual phase noise measurements are also performed on low noise L-Band microwave amplifiers. The key features of the cross correlation technique and the different window functions required during measurement are discussed. In the third part the residual phase noise performance of several microwave components is evaluated in order to establish their potential utility in a low phase noise oscillator. In the first part of the chapter the designs for a Gallium Nitride (GaN) power amplifier are presented along with the measurements of its noise figure and residual phase noise performance. In the second part of the chapter the designs and performance of an emitter coupled logic (ECL) static digital frequency divider are presented.
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Zhang, Yang. "Phase noise suppression techniques for 5-6GHZ oscillator design." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2007/y_zhang_113007.pdf.
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Breitbarth, Jason. "Design and characterization of low phase noise microwave circuits." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3219041.
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Wheaton, Daniel G. "Coherent noise rejection in a three-phase power inverter." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5630.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.In this thesis, we discuss the design of a controller to reject the effects of high order harmonics in a three-phase power inverter. Specifically, coherent noise in the fifth harmonic is considered, as it seems to be dominant in most applications. The controller used in this power inverter operates in a reference frame synchronous with the 60 Hz line voltage. This transformation effectively changes the desired 60 Hz sine wave output into a DC value that has the same amplitude as the sine wave. The power inverter uses an optimal form of pulse-width modulation (PWM), called space vector modulation, which causes the harmonic noise. In order to reject the distortions introduced by the space-vector modulation process, a Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is designed with the sinusoidal disturbances modeled as uncontrollable modes of the system, which are observable from the input and output signals. The extra states in the state space model associated with the disturbance are estimated by the Kalman Filter and subtracted from the control input to compensate for the disturbance
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Medina, Rafael A. "Monolithic low phase noise oscillators for moderate frequency applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41610.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-75).
Low noise oscillators are critical building blocks in a wide range of commercial electronics. Increased levels of integration have created a strong need for integrated oscillator solutions despite generally inferior noise performance. The development of non-linear noise models that can accurately and efficiently predict noise in ring oscillators aids designers in optimizing noise performance in integrated oscillator solutions. Extending a piecewise constant model of noise in an oscillator and the resulting timing jitter reveals how the noise at the oscillator nodes changes during each portion of the cycle. The model can then be used to examine the effects of changing various process and design parameters such as threshold voltages and the effective stage gain. This analysis tool provides a means for designers to evaluate potential improvements of their oscillator design. In some cases approximate analytic solutions can be found that provide better insight into the timing jitter. A simple differential oscillator design illustrates the use of this analysis. The oscillator achieves an analog tuning range of 259MHz-314MHz (extendable with switched capacitors) with a normalized jitter of 102ppm.
by Rafael A. Medina.
M.Eng.
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Yu, Yue. "Low-power low-phase-noise voltage-controlled oscillator design." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413475974.
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Mahmud, Akib. "Digital Compensation of Phase Noise Caused by Mechanical Vibrations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387826.
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The component that generates the frequency of the radio waves transmitted by a radar is generally built around a quartz crystal oscillator. When this component is exposed to mechanical vibrations, such as acceleration or rotation in different directions, phase noise occurs. That is due to the piezoelectric effect of quartz crystals, which eventually degrades the performance of a radar. High frequency noise are compensated for using mechanical dampers. However, the low frequency noise remains and requires a digital solution. To solve this, a theoretical compensation model for the quartz crystal has been designed. It was possible to measure the noise generated by the quartz crystal by utilising an accelerometer, perform simulations and calculations. With the help of these different tools, it was possible to theoretically calculate and reduce the phase noise by 30-40%. All the results that has been obtained are theoretical results and nothing has yet been implemented in any radar system.
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Kakkar, Aditya. "Frequency Noise in Coherent Optical Systems: Impact and Mitigation Methods." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Optik och Fotonik, OFO, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207072.
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The increase in capacity demand along with the advancement in digital signal processing (DSP) have recently revived the interest in coherent optical communications and led to its commercialization. However, design and development of robust DSP algorithms for example for carrier phase recovery (CPR) becomes complex as we opt for high order modulation formats such as 16QAM and beyond. Further, electrical-domain dispersion compensation (EDC), while providing many advantages, makes the system more susceptible to laser frequency noise (FN). For instance, in coherent optical links with post-reception EDC, while the transmitter frequency noise causes only phase impairment, the local oscillator (LO) FN in these systems results in a noise enhancement in both amplitude and phase. This noise is commonly known as equalization enhanced phase noise (EEPN). It results in asymmetric requirements for transmitter laser and LO laser. Further, the system design in the presence of lasers with non-white frequency noise becomes increasingly challenging for increased capacity-distance product. The main contributions of this thesis are, firstly, an experimentally validated theory of coherent optical links with lasers having general non-white frequency noise spectrum and corresponding system/laser design criteria and mitigation technique. Secondly, low complexity and high phase noise tolerant CPR for high order modulation formats. The general theory propounded in this thesis elucidates the origin of the laser frequency noise induced noise enhancement in coherent optical links with different DSP configurations. The thesis establishes the existence of multiple frequency noise regimes and shows that each regime results in different set of impairments. The influence of the impairments due to some regimes can ideally be reduced by optimizing the corresponding mitigation algorithms, while other regimes cause irretrievable impairments. Experimentally validated theoretical boundaries of these regimes and corresponding criteria applicable to system/laser design are provided. Further, an EEPN mitigation method and its two possible implementations are proposed and discussed. The thesis also demonstrates an intrinsic limitation of the conventional Blind Phase Search (BPS) algorithm due to angular quantization and provides methods to overcome it. Finally, this thesis proposes and demonstrates single stage and multi-stage carrier phase recovery algorithms for compensation of phase impairments due to the two lasers for higher order circular and square modulations. The proposed methods outperform the state of art algorithms both in performance and in complexity.QC 20170516
European project ICONE gr. #608099
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Kong, Weixin. "Low phase noise design techniques for phase locked loop based integrated RF frequency synthesizers." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2391.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Electrical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Shen, Jue. "Quantization Effects Analysis on Phase Noise and Implementation of ALL Digital Phase Locked-Loop." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-37212.
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With the advancement of CMOS process and fabrication, it has been a trend to maximize digital design while minimize analog correspondents in mixed-signal system designs. So is the case for PLL. PLL has always been a traditional mixed-signal system limited by analog part performance. Around 2000, there emerged ADPLL of which all the blocks besides oscillator are implemented in digital circuits. There have been successful examples in application of Bluetooth, and it is moving to improve results for application of WiMax and ad-hoc frequency hopping communication link. Based on the theoretic and measurement results of existing materials, ADPLL has shown advantages such as fast time-to-market, low area, low cost and better system integration; but it also showed disadvantages in frequency resolution and phase noise, etc. Also this new topic still opens questions in many researching points important to PLL such as tracking behavior and quantization effect. In this thesis, a non-linear phase domain model for all digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) was established and validated. Based on that, we analyzed that ADPLL phase noise prediction derived from traditional linear quantization model became inaccurate in non-linear cases because its probability density of quantization error did not meet the premise assumption of linear model. The phenomena of bandwidth expansion and in-band phase noise decreasing peculiar to integer-N ADPLL were demonstrated and explained by matlab and verilog behavior level simulation test bench. The expression of threshold quantization step was defined and derived as the method to distinguish whether an integer-N ADPLL was in non-linear cases or not, and the results conformed to those of matlab simulation. A simplified approximation model for non-linear integer-N ADPLL with noise sources was established to predict in-band phase noise, and the trends of the results conformed to those of matlab simulation. Other basic analysis serving for the conclusions above covered: ADPLL loop dynamics, traditional linear theory and its quantitative limitations and numerical analysis of random number. Finally, a present measurement setup was demonstrated and the results were analyzed for future work.
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Ichikawa, Hiroyuki. "Optical beam array generation with phase gratings." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/807.
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Nelson, Cory Lee. "Reducing phase noise degradation due to vibration of crystal oscillators." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1476330.
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Aissaoui, Mustapha. "Effect of laser phase noise on multi-channel photonic networks." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7896.
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This thesis presents an investigation of the issues related to the phenomenon of laser phase noise in multi-channel coherent photonic networks. A theoretical analysis is carried out to predict the performance of two kinds of photonic networks, the distribution network and the multiple-access network, in the presence of laser phase noise. Two optical modulation schemes have been compared and the limitations set on laser linewidths are derived. The potential number of network users in each case has been discussed. It has been shown that on the average optical intensity modulation performs better than optical phase modulation. It has also been shown that the SCM/CD networks, using semiconductor lasers, are competitive with other multi-channel approaches above a certain range of the bit-rate per channel. Finally, a discussion on the diverse techniques to reduce the impact of phase noise on coherent photonic networks is provided.
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Liu, Edward. "Evaluation of fan noise using phase modulation and psychoacoustic theories." Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/25068.
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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 38 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35 Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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He, Xinhua. "Low phase noise CMOS PLL frequency synthesizer analysis and design." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7337.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Electrical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Bentley, Brendon. "An investigation into the phase noise of quartz crystal oscillators." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/337.
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Petrovic, Denis [Verfasser]. "Phase Noise in OFDM : Characterisation, Estimation and Suppression / Denis Petrovic." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1186589124/34.
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Munyai, Pandelani Reuben Mulalo. "On the improvement of phase noise in wideband frequency synthesizers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63003.
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Wireless communication systems are based on frequency synthesizers that generate carrier signals,
which are used to transmit information. Frequency synthesizers use voltage controlled oscillators
(VCO) to produce the required frequencies within a specified period of time. In the process of generating
frequency, the VCO and other electronic components such as amplifiers produce some unwanted
short-term frequency variations, which cause frequency instability within the frequency of
interest known as phase noise (PN). PN has a negative impact on the performance of the overall wireless
communication system. A literature study conducted on this research reveals that the existing PN
cancellation techniques have some limitations and drawbacks that require further attention.
A new PN correction technique based on the combination of least mean square (LMS) adaptive filtering
and single-loop single-bit Sigma Delta (SD) modulator is proposed. The new design is also based
on the Cascaded Resonator Feedback (CRFB) architecture. The noise transfer function (NTF) of the
architecture was formulated in way that made it possible to stabilize the frequency fluctuations within
the in-band (frequency of interest) by locating its poles and zeros within the unit circle.
The new design was simulated and tested on a commercially available software tool called Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS). Simulation results show that the new technique achieves better
results when compared with existing techniques as it achieves a 104 dB signal-to-noise (SNR), which
is an improvement of 9 dB when compared with the existing technique accessed from the latest
publications. The new design also achieves a clean signal with minimal spurious tones within the inband
with a phase noise level of -141 dBc/Hz (lower phase noise level by 28 dBc/Hz) when compared
with the existing techniques.Thesis (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted
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Yang, Ya-Tang. "Phase Noise of Nanoelectromechanical Systems." Thesis, 2006. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/5255/1/01-cover.pdf.
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Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) are microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scaled down to nanometer range. As the size of the NEMS resonators is scaled downward, some fundamental and nonfundamental noise processes will impose sensitivity limits to their performance. In this work, we first present theory of phase noise mechanism of NEMS to examine both fundamental and nonfundamental noise processes. Fundamental noise processes considered here include thermomechanical noise, momentum-exchange noise, adsorption-desorption noise, diffusion noise, and temperature-fluctuation noise. For nonfundamental noise processes, we develop a formalism to consider the Nyquist-Johnson noise from transducer-amplifier implementations.
As an initial step to experimental exploration of these noise processes, we describe and analyze several phase-locked loop schemes based on NEMS at very high frequency and ultrahigh frequency bands. In particular, we measure diffusion noise of NEMS arising from xenon atoms adsorbed on the device surface using the frequency modulation phase-locked loop. The observed spectra of fractional frequency noise and Allan deviation agree well with the prediction from diffusion noise theory.
Finally, NEMS resonators also provide unprecedented sensitivity for inertial mass sensing. We demonstrate in situ measurement in real time with mass floor of ~20 zg. Our best mass sensitivity corresponds to ~7 zeptograms, equivalent to ~30 xenon atoms or the mass of an individual 4 kDa molecule. Detailed analysis of the ultimate sensitivity of such devices based on these experimental results indicates that NEMS can ultimately provide inertial mass sensing of individual intact, electrically neutral macromolecules with single-Dalton sensitivity.
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Ko, Hsing-shan, and 柯幸姍. "Design of Low Phase Noise Phase-locked-loop (PLL)." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89170514894602135448.
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碩士國立中央大學
電機工程研究所
97
The chip changes to integrate SOC. There is often phase error or clock skew which generate asynchronous phenomenon in different sub-circuit blocks. The different phase of operate clock that caused to output data error in integrate system. Hence, it needs Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for decreasing phase error that make the clock phase is corresponding in order to decrease output data error in sub-circuit of integrate system. The PLL is application to time domain it’s main performance is jitter. The PLL is application to frequency domain it’s main performance is phase noise. When phase noise is best means jitter is lower. In high-speed system, the circuit for very sensitive to noise. In this thesis, design of low phase noise is proposed. We analysis PLL noise source and find that main effects noise source block and noise analysis in block circuit. We use the TSMC 0.18 um 1P6M process with supplying 1.8V voltage in proposed PLL. The reference input frequency is 187.5MHz and the output frequency is 3GHz. The period jitter of output frequency is 3ps (pk-pk) RMS jitter is 600 fs. The power consumption of the proposed PLL is 23.7 mW at 3GHz and the Locking time of the PLL is 600ns. The core area is 0.034mm2.
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Sridharan, Gokul. "Phase Noise in Multi-carrier Systems." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/25809.
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This thesis concerns the effect of phase noise (PHN) on multi-carrier systems such as OFDM and the detection of multi-carrier symbols affected by PHN. It is known that PHN causes mixing between sub-carriers resulting in inter-carrier interference (ICI) and rotates symbols on every sub-carrier by a certain angle called the common phase error (CPE). We explore how these two effects arise and show that these two effects are coupled to each other. We also note that higher order M-QAM constellations like 64-QAM are more sensitive to CPE than smaller constellations like 4-QAM. Based on our observations on CPE, we propose a blind CPE estimation algorithm. We then address the issue of ICI and propose a turbo receiver design to mitigate it.
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McCorkle, John William. "Low-noise digital phase/frequency detector." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21410.
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Juang, Kai-Cheung, and 莊凱翔. "Low Phase Noise Ka-band Oscillator." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47847486214128283062.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電信工程系
87
In this thesis, we use Hybrid MIC technology to design oscillators working at Ka-band. We have to overcome the problem of the limited high frequency gain of the HEMT device and circuits parasitic effects. And moreover, it is difficult to achieve a high Q resonator at this frequency band. Therefore, a new circuit structure is proposed, in which the output signal takes from the gete of FET and the oscillating tank comprises of a CPW open circuit series stub. The measured results show that the maxmuin oscillator output power is 11dBm and the best phase noise at 100KHz offset is -95dBc/Hz. The performances mentioned above are better than that of MMIC oscillators and even DR (Dielectric Resonator) oscillators published in the literature.