Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phase minérale'
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Marchand, Élodie. "Etude des modifications post-mortem de la phase minérale la dentine sclérotique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS056.
Introduction: in forensics fields, the identification of human remains is a recurrent problem. Estimating age at death is one of the criteria to be evaluated. In adults, the height of root dentin transparency is used. However, in archaeological material, this phenomenon appears to be inconsistent and related to changes in the appearance of sclerotic dentine. The aim of this study was to observe the changes in sclerotic dentin at different post-mortem intervals, focusing on the mineral part, which is the main component of this tissue and is likely to have more marked variations over longer post-mortem periods.Material and Method: The study included two parts (retrospective and prospective) with 21 monoradicular human teeth, three dating frome the 18th century from archaeological excavations and eighteen from donations of the body to science from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lille preserved in equivalent conditions and analyzed at different post-mortem intervals of 0, 1, 2 and 5 years. After resin embedding, the teeth were sectioned and polished, then analyzed by scanning electron microscope, completed by semi-quantitative analysis of calcium and phosphorus using EDS-X microanalysis, as well as broad detection of elements from the periodic table. We then carried out a crystallographic analysis using X-ray diffractometry.Results: The analysis showed the existence of tubular, chemical and crystallographic changes in the sclerotic dentin as a function of the post-mortem interval. Our scanning electron microscope study revealed a difference in the appearance of the tubules linked to an increase post-mortem interval: loss of the peritubular collar and obstruction of the tubule lumen by a hyperdense material. Microanalysis highlighted variations in phosphocalcic ratios among the different groups, notably at the cementum junction and more specifically in the canine, which could be a good predictive model for assessing post-mortem interval. Using diffractometry, we confirmed that the mineral phase of sclerotic dentin, whatever the post-mortem interval, was composed of hydroxyapatite crystals, with a better level of crystallinity in archaeological teeth compared with teeth with a 5-year post-mortem interval, but also between teeth with a 0 and 1 year post-mortem interval, compared with 2 years. Discussion: the differences observed could be due to post-mortem changes of the mineral phase of sclerotic dentin through demineralization and remineralization phenomena, resulting in variations in the size of hydroxyapatite crystals located in the intra-tubular zone and through the substitution of calcium by other elements, under the influence of chemical and/or bacterial action and therefore an influence of the tooth's environment (buccal and external). This work needs to be pursued, on the one hand by using imaging techniques that combine structural, chemical and crystallographic studies, such as transmission electron microscopy, and on the other hand by studying changes in collagen and non-collagenous proteins making mineral components more accessible to external factors. It would also be relevant to carry out analyses on teeth from post-mortem intervals of decades
Mustin, Christian. "Approche physico-chimique et modélisation de l'oxydation bactérienne de la pyrite par thiobacillus ferrooxidans : rôle déterminant de la phase minérale." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10400.
Rupin, Fabienne. "Evaluation des propriétés microélastiques de l'os par microscopie acoustique : influence des phases minérale et organique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077052.
The detailed Knowledge of the determinant parameters of bone quality and the understanding of its modification during lifetime require the characterization of bone mechanical properties at various length scales. If the macro- or meso-scopic mechanical properties are easily accessible, the characterization of the micro- or nano-elasticity of bone remains challenging. Furthermore, thee determinant factors of bone microelasticity are not fully understood. We have developed and validated high resolution quantitative acoustic microscopy (SAM) to map tissue microelasticity. By combining SAM, nanoindentation (NI) and Synchrotron microtomography (SR-|jCT) on site matched regions, we obtained a good correlation betweern acoustic impedance (Z), elastic modulus derived from Z and NI modulus. Simultaneously, the degree of mineralization of bone (DMB) was found to be moderately correlated to bone elasticity. To determine the bone properties the contribute to changes in elasticity, SAM and synchrotron imaging techniques (SR-pCT and SAXS) were combined. We show that, despite a quasi-homogeneous DMB within the osteon, the acoustic impedance image displays a periodic variations consisting of alternating lamellae of high and low Z values, which strongly correlates to layers of high and low SAXS integrated intensity, reflecting changes in collagen fibrils orientation Finally, SAM was used to evaluate changes in tissular microelasticity of trabecular bone that underwent remodelling induced by mechanical loading. We show that bone tissue adaptation leads to an increase in tissular acoustic impedance that might reflect the rearrangement of collagen fibrils
Morvan-Chaillou, Katell. "Adsorption d'éléments sur des oxydes métalliques en phase aqueuse : applications à la métrologie de radioéléments et à la diminution de la radioactivité dans les eaux minérales." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2098.
Garcia-Diaz, Eric. "Réactivité pouzzolanique des métakaolinites : Corrélations avec les caractéristiques minéralo-gitologiques des kaolinites." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843099.
Frischinger, Isabelle. "Etude de matériaux composites polymères comportant une phase dispersée liquide : extension aux matériaux alvéolaires polymères/charges minérales." Mulhouse, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MULH0117.
Mosquet, Martin. "Polyoxyéthylènes à extrémité complexante : synthèses et applications comme dispersants de minéraux en phase aqueuse." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10110.
Mędala, Marta. "Etudes des interactions entre les phases minérales constituant le ciment Portland et des solutions salines concentrées." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS061.
Nicoleau, Luc. "Interactions physico-chimiques entre le latex et les phases minérales constituant le ciment au cours de l'hydratation." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS047.
Sissman, Olivier. "Séquestration minérale du CO2 dans les basaltes et les roches ultrabasiques : impact des phases secondaires silicatées sur le processus de carbonatation." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB0001.
Gontier, Adrien. "Quantification de l'altération dans les sols par les déséquilibres radioactifs : approche sur sol total et phases minérales séparées." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH011/document.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate weathering and soil formation rates using U-Th disequilibria in bulk soil or separated minerals. The specific objectives of this work were to evaluate the use of U-Th chronometric tools 1) regarding the impact of a land cover change and the bedrock characteristics 2) in selected secondary mineral phases and 3) in primary minerals. On the Breuil-Chenue (Morvan) site, no vegetation effect neither a grain size effect was observed on the U-Th series in the deepest soil layers (< 40cm). The low soil production rate (1-2 mm/ka) is therefore more affected by regional geomorphology than by the underlying bedrock texture. In the second part of this work, based on a thorough evaluation of different technics, a procedure was retained to extract Fe-oxides without chemical fractionation. Finally, the analysis of biotites hand-picked from one of the studied soil profile showed that U- series disequilibria allow to independently determinate the field-weathering-rate of minerals
Péru, Laurence. "Caractérisations physico-chimiques des phases minérales de calcifications ectopiques : application à la transformation biologique de phosphates de calcium." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0325.
Pierron, Olivier. "Interactions eau-fer-argilite : rôle des paramètres liquide/roche, fer/argilite, température sur la nature des phases minérales." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10146/document.
The interactions between the iron metal and the argillite from the Callovo-Oxfordian formation chosen as host for the disposal of the radioactive wastes, was experimentally studied. The role of the key parameters of the transformations (iron / clay, and liquid / rock ratios) was studied at 90°C, and, to accelerate reaction kinetics, at 150°C and 300°C. Mixed layered illite-smectite and illites are dissolved and replaced by new clay phases. TEM analyses show that Fe-serpentines (7 Å phases, group of the berthierine) predominates in run products at 90°C, tri-octaedral Fe-rich smectites at 150°C, and chlorites and probably smectite chlorite mixed layered at 300°C. Whatever the temperature, the illite and I/S replacement is not complete and trun products are always accompanied by sodi-calcic residual and/ or newly formed smectites. In comparison with the iron-smectite (bentonite) system, the differences concern the reaction kinetics which are much faster in the case of the argillite, and the instability of the quartz which, as the illite, contributes to release the silicium necessary for the formation of iron silicates. The observed process find analogies with the hydrothermal changes described in natural hydrothermal alterations and Fe-Mg metasomatism
Bauland, Julien. "Contribution des intéractions intra et inter micellesde caséines à l'organisation des gels laitiers : Importance des équilibres salins entre la phase colloïdale et la phase aqueuse." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARB356.
During cheese manufacture, milk gelation is induced by addition of a proteolytic enzyme. The rheological properties and the structure of the resulting gel determine the management of the cutting step and the composition of the curd. The objective of the PhD thesis was to better understand the effect of the salt equilibria on the enzymatic coagulation of milk, and notably the effect of the two forms of cations in the casein micelle, i.e. the precipitated calcium (CaHPO4) and the cations (calcium and magnesium) that are directly bound to caseins.Expériments were performed at lab scale, using a reconstituted bovine skim milk as model system.The contents of precipitated calcium and cations bound to caseins were varied by salt additions and/or pH decrease to establish links between the mineral content of casein micelles and the enzymatic coagulation of milk.Ions were titrated experimentally and the salt equilibria were modelled using the software MilkSalts GLM. Gels were characterized by rheological measurements and microscopy observations.Results demonstrated that considering two forms of cations in casein micelles clarified the effect of salt equilibria on the enzymatic coagulation: the precipitated calcium content modifies the casein micelle rigidity and the viscoelasticity of the enzymatic milk gels. The net charge of the casein micelles and the gel firmness depend on the content of bound cations.Some of the physico-chemical levers identified to modify the gel structure at lab-scale were tested during continental cheese trials at pilot-scale
Toniazzo, Valérie. "Approche des mécanismes d'oxydation de la pyrite par thiobacillus ferrooxidans grâce à la modélisation morpho-chimique de la surface minérale : Rôle fondamental des phases superficielles oxydées." Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0076_TONIAZZO.pdf.
Lecarme-Théobold, Émilie. "Comportement du tributylétain en milieu aqueux en présence d'une phase solide hétérogène." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10255.
Varet, Guillaume. "Caractérisation des bruts lourds en présence de solvant." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3007/document.
Due to increasing demand for fuel, in particular for developed countries, and the limited nature of reserves, petroleum industry is, and will, growing concerned by the heavy and and extra-heavy oil processing. The non-conventional properties of these oils (due to a high asphaltene composition) require specific engineering solutions during the different steps of their processing. These crudes, mainly localized in Canada and Venezuela, are characterized by their strong viscosity, from 1 up to 55 Pa.s, which makes their transport to earth surface impossible. The development of new technological solutions is based on a better knowledge of the thermophysical properties and the colloidal behavior of these products. The methods of experimental characterization and modelling used for the conventional crudes are unsuited for both heavy and extra heavy crudes. To date, characterization PVT of heavy crudes is the subject of numerous studies. The properties to be determined are balances of phase and thermophysical properties of the equilibrium cycles. In this context, the main objectives of this thesis are not only the development of experimental methods and models suitable for heavy crudes, but also the recovery processes envisaged for these crudes (cold production, VAPEX process, SAGD process, etc…)
Regnault, Olivier. "Étude de la réactivité de minéraux purs en présence de CO2 supercritique : mesure de la cinétique de carbonatation de la portlandite." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004063.
Bendeif, El-Eulmi. "Cristallographie à haute résolution des complexes acides minéraux bases azotées ou acides aminés : Etude des interactions intermoléculaires." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0140_BENDEIF.pdf.
Organic-inorganic hybrid materials resulting from the association of amino acids with phosphorous acid have a great importance in industry: IR, very high SGH, and NLO properties make these hybrid materials highly attractive for frequency doubling, they also can be used as infrared detectors and pyroelectric devices). We report in the first part of this work chemical preparation, infrared and NMR spectroscopic studies and structural determination by single crystal X-ray diffraction of six new hybrid complexes. The second part is devoted to an accurate analysis of the reversible first order single crystal phase transition that occurs in m-CPAMP. The thermal behaviour and the study of charge density of m-CPAMP using high-resolution data sets collected with synchrotron and neutron diffraction experiments at low temperature will be presented and discussed. This study allows a better understanding of the phase transition mechanism
Bohic, Sylvain. "Apport de la spectroscopie et de la microspectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier à l'étude des phases minérales des tissus calcifiés et des biomatériaux." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT030D.
Brazier, Jean-Michel. "Rôle des phases minérales des sols en tant que réservoirs de nutriments : approche expérimentale (abiotique), en milieu naturel et multi-isotopique (isotopes stables Ca-Sr)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH005/document.
This PhD thesis examined the mechanisms of storage and release, from and elementary and isotopically point of view, of calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr) onto or into mineral phases commonly encountered within soils (primary minerals, clay minerals, oxy-hydroxides, pedogenic carbonate). A robust δ88Sr measurements method had to be developed in the laboratory and validated by the measurement of international reference materials, mostly never measured in the literature. The results of this work show that Ca adsorption onto phyllosilicate minerals generates a quantifiable isotopic fractionation by preferential uptake of the light isotope (40Ca) under our experimental conditions when the minerals have a significant structural charge and specific surface area and/or an interlayer space open to hydrated cations adsorption. A study on rhizoliths in natural environment has also highlighted that the combination of Ca and Sr isotopes allows an effective tracing of sources and mechanisms in the problematic related to the storage of these two elements within soils
Janots, Emilie. "Propriétés thermochimiques et relations de phase des minéraux de terres rares : stabilité dans le milieu naturel et application au stockage des actinides en contexte géologique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00477162.
Vaills, Yann. "Contribution à l'étude des transitions de phase structurales des pérovskites CsCaCl3 et CsPbCI3 par résonance paramagnétique électronique de l'ion Gd3+." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066149.
Brault, Amaury. "Etude de l'efficacité de la fonctionnalisation des acides aminés au MTBSTFA après hydrolyse acide et dans différentes matrices minérales analogues martiennes : application aux expériences Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) et Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA)." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0045/document.
Three main ways of study allow us to search for traces of life in the Universe: remote analysis, laboratory analysis of extraterrestrial material fallen or brought back to Earth, and in situ analysis. In association with chemical derivatization, Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is the method of predilection used for the separation and identification of organic compounds of astrobiological interest, whether on Earth or beyond. This work firstly deals with the impact of sample preparation on the yield of recovery, after derivatization, of amino acids, privileged targets for the search for traces of extraterrestrial life. We have especially studied the influence of acid hydrolysis, notably used during the analysis of meteoritic amino acids. We have then dealt with the impact of mineralogy on the yield of amino acid derivatization with MTBSTFA.Our results have allowed us to highlight a reduction of the amino acid quantities after 6M HCl hydrolysis and MTBSTFA derivatization. This yield reduction was attributed to a degradation of the amino acids during the hydrolysis step, or more likely to the generation of chloride salts interacting with MTBSTFA.We also have shown the negative impact on derivatization of a matrix composed of hydrated sulfates (RioTinto soil sample). After thermal analysis of the sample and identification of the mass loss steps and corresponding evolved species, we have decided to heat the soil in order to eliminate its free water. Wehave shown that this type of water was the main responsible for the non-detection of the amino acids amongst our samples. We also were able to detect amino acids without a heating step, by increasing thequantity of MTBSTFA relatively to the soil quantity. These results are of importance for future analyses on the surface of Mars (SAM, MOMA), and will enable the development of adapted protocols
Benramdane, Larbi. "Dosage des espèces arseniées d'intérêt toxicologique (arsenic minéral et métabolites) par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique après séparation par extraction liquide-liquide ou par CLHP : application à un cas d'intoxication mortelle." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T210.
Lerch, Jean-Philippe. "Synthèse et caractérisation de terpolymères amphiphiles à structure séquencée et greffée : étude de la dispersion de particules minérales et application à la formulation de peintures en phase aqueuse et solvant." Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0438.
Goure, Doubi Bi Irié Hervé. "Etude de la consolidation des matériaux "géomimétiques" à base d'argile latéritique : effet des acides et des phases ferriques." Limoges, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIMO4014.
A new type of products called "geomimetic" materials, which are likely "eco-sustainable" materials, were developed on the basis of the natural process occurring with lateritic concretions, which are mechanically strong, in tropical soils. The aim in this thesis is to conduct fine physical and chemical investigations in order to understand the processes that control the consolidation of these "geomimetic" materials. The implementation of an experimental strategy, on the role of ferric phases and on the influence of acidic reagents (organic and inorganic) together with that of two alkaline reagents (lime and sodium hydroxide), allowed identifying two major contributions that govern this strengthning. The mechanisms of consolidation of these "geomimetic" materials are made by the combined actions of pozzolanic reactions and of complexation phenomena of mineral phases by the functional groups of humic substances. The study of the thermal conductivity showed that materials, with a thermal conductivity of 0,19 W. M-1. K-1, have good thermal insulation properties
Regnault, Olivier. "Etude de la réactivité de minéraux purs en présence de CO2 supercritique. Mesure de la cinétique carbonatation de la portlandite." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004063.
He efficiency of geological CO2 storage will rely on trapping mechanisms and good sealing properties of the caprock and the eventual ac wells on the long term. A series of experiments has been devised to observe and quantify the reactivity of portlandite with supercritical CO2 The portlandite has been chosen as a key component of calcium-rich cement for its interest in borehole cement degradation. Initial carbona rates have been measured under different conditions: pressure 160 bar, temperatures 80, 120, and 200° C and with various amount of water SEM observations show that the reacting fluid state (absence or presence of liquid phase) controls strongly the carbonation behaviour an reaction path. A specific geochemical model has been developed in order to account for the particular conditions of our experiments. The results (portlandite carbonation rate and water-poor geochemical system modelling techniques) should be useful to simulate wellbor degradation
Chollet, Mélanie. "Cinétiques de transition de phase dans le manteau terrestre." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10149.
The evolution of petrological assemblies with increasing pressure and temperature is commonly perceived at equilibrium and fixed within time. The development of X-ray synchrotron sources now enable to measure in situ, time-resolved rates of mineralogical transformations at high pressure (HP), high temperature (HT). This thesis presents the application of this technology in two geological settings. (i) The seismogenic ability of breakdown of hydrated minerals within the subducting slab is checked. The dehydration kinetics of talc, 10Å phase and antigorite were measured at HP-HT in a closed system. We have found that antigorite dehydrates through an intermediate stage. All associated rates of released fluids are faster than the viscous deformation of rocks and are therefore compatible with the trigger of rupture. (ii) The kinetics of olivineringwoodite transition were determined within the co-stability loop for Fe-rich compositions. They show a partial amorphization of olivine at the beginning of the transformation. This could significantly affect the velocities of seismic waves when crossing the mantle transition zone. Moreover, the characteristic times of this reaction and the substantial reduction in grain size, indicate that such a phase transition may induce a significant seismic attenuation. These in situ HP-HT experimental results reveal novel mechanisms of phase transition and thus contribute to a better understanding of geodynamic models
Cyr, Martin. "Contribution à la caractérisation des fines minérales et à la compréhension de leur rôle joué dans le comportement rhéologique des matrices cimentaires." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00489599.
Dessombz, Arnaud. "Elaboration et caractérisation de phases cristal liquides de suspensions de rutile (TiO2). Propriétés physiques anisotropes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354476.
Le travail présenté montrera comment il est possible d'élaborer par Chimie Douce des nanoparticules anisotropes afin d'obtenir en milieu aqueux une mésophase, de nature nématique, et de la caractériser. De plus, des suspensions de bâtonnets, même relativement diluées, s'orientent sous cisaillement, ce qui permet de produire par spin-coating des films anisotropes. Ces films sont des échantillons de choix pour effectuer des mesures, sous irradiation ultraviolette, de photocatalyse d'espèces organiques dissoutes ou encore de photoconduction. Ces mesures peuvent être comparées avec les résultats obtenus à l'aide d'un monocristal de TiO2 présentant les mêmes facettes cristallographique [110] que les nanoparticules.
Un film orienté de bâtonnets de rutile présente naturellement des propriétés anisotropes. En outre, nous avons mis en évidence une forte dépendance des propriétés catalytiques et de la conductivité électronique avec la polarisation de l'irradiation ultra-violette. Nous montrerons dans quelle mesure la théorie des bandes permet d'expliquer ces effets.
Denise, Bertrand. "Etude par spectrométrie neutronique de la phase à désordre d'orientation du néopentane et du perchlorate de potassium." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066342.
Joo, Gi-Tae. "Nouvelles phases ferroélectriques non stoechiométriques de type perovskite ou LiTaO3." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203505.
Razafitianamaharavo, Angelina. "Étude structurale du film de cyclohexane physisorbé sur graphite : Étude thermodynamique et structurale du film mixte (krypton-cyclohexane) physisorbe sur graphite." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10080.
Rannou, Isabelle. "Etudes sous pression de la transition de phase interpolytypique du sulfure de gallium." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066063.
Angerand, François. "Étude thermodynamique et structurale des changements de phase bidimensionnels dans des films de molécules physisorbées sur le graphite : Rôle de l'ordre orientationnel dans les phénomènes de mouillage et de transition rugueuse." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10268.
Derrey, Thierry. "Relaxation structurale et effets photostructuraux dans les alliages germanium-sélénium amorphes." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597134b.
Zaccaro, Julien. "Cristallogénèse et caractérisations de la solution solide dihydrogénophosphate-arseniate de 2-amino-5-nitropyridinium, cristaux organo-minéraux pour l'optique non linéaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10069.
Lorilleux, Guillaume. "Les brèches associées aux gisements d'uranium de type discordance du bassin Athabasca (Saskatchewan, Canada)." Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_LORILLEUX_G.pdf.
Unconformity-type uranium deposits in the Athabasca Basin (Canada) are commonly hosted and surrounded by breccia bodies in quartzose sandstones. In order to understand the mechanisms of breccia formation and the ir significance for the genesis of uranium deposits, the breccias associated with U mineralizations of the Shea Creek prospect and Sue C open pit, and with the Y-REEU mineralization of the Maw Zone were studied. Structural mapping and 3D modeling evidence the control of breccia geometries by reverse faults that are graphite-rich in the basement. The study of mineral paragenesis and calculations of U-Pb chemical ages at Shea Creek reveal 3 breccia phases with sudoite-dravite, Fe-chlorite and hematite-siderite cements. These breccias developed over more than 1 Ga respectively during 3 stages of tectonic reactivations and/or basin uplift main! y between 1. 52 and 1. 25 Ga during the main event of primary uranium deposition and at about 900 and 350 Ma during phases of uranium remobilization. The breccias coeval with the genesis of the primary mineralization developed in 3 stages characterized by fractal analysis of fragment shapes expressing their degree ofmaturity. The first stage of breccia formation has been triggered by a reactivation of graphite-rich reverse faults inducing localized tectonic fracturing in the core offaults and widespread hydraulic fracturing in early silicified zones. The second stage corresponds to quartz dissolution due to the vertical circulation of a basement t1uid undersaturated relative to silica in fractured sandstones. Calculated minimum t1uid/rock ratios are very high with values of3,000 at the Maw Zone and 38,000 in the Sue « zones à boules» ret1ecting the decrease of dissolution intensity with the increase of distance to the unconformity. The minimum volume of basement t1uids that have circulated through the breccias is about 1 km3 • Mass balance calculations show an input of U, V, Mg, B, Al, K, Bi, Ni, Co, Mo, As, S, W, Zn, Y and REE, in accordance with the new formation of illite, Mg-rich sudoite and dravite and with the polymetallic sandstone-hosted mineralization. The third stage is expressed by gravity-driven collapse phenomenons resulting from the cavities created by quartz dissolution. In « zones à boules » developed in the core of faults, it is the tectonic contraction that progressively closed the open spaces formed by quartz dissolution. Volume Joss values reach 90 % in zones of intense dissolution close to the unconformity. In steeply dipping fault zones, collapse propagated up to more than 250 rn above the unconformity as observed at the Maw Zone, like in a karst. Uranium deposition induced by mixing of the reducing basement fluid undersaturated relative to quartz (> 250°C) with diagenetic oxidizing basin fluids (< 240°C) occurred during about severa! million years, simultaneously with quartz dissolution providing the space needed to form the massive mineralizations
Fabre, Cécile. "Reconstitution chimique des paléofluides par spectrométrie d'émission optique couplée à l'ablation laser : applications aux fluides alpins et aux fluides de bassins." Nancy 1, 2000. https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01746481.
Chemical composition of geological fluids can be described in the H20-gas-salt system. Previous studies at CREGU and in the G2R laboratory have permitted to reconstruct the palaeofluid composition in the H2O-CO2-CH4-N2-H2S-NaC1 system. The aim of this work consists in the addition of the alkaline and alkaline-earth species (NaC1, KC1, ; LiC1, MgC12, CaC12), which is a necessary condition to characterise the chemical equilibrium between fluid and mineral. An analytical technique of single fluid inclusions, based on optical emission spectrometry coupled to laser ablation (LIBS) has been developed, using a prototype. This work is the result of collaboration with the LSLA (Laboratory of Analytical Laser Spectroscopy) at Saclay (CEA, France) and the Dilor firm. Using different standards (minerais, synthetic glasses and synthetic fluid inclusions): different calibration curves were established. Direct quantification of element concentrations for analysis on solids and estimations of cationic ratios (Na/K, Na/Li, Na/Ca, Ca/Mg, Ba/Sr. . . ) for the applications on fluid inclusions has been carried out. The integration of additional values obtained on the same samples, using microthermometry (salinity) and Raman spectroscopy (gas and chlorinity) allowed to determine the global composition offluid inclusions. First applications were performed on fluid inclusions from quartz samples, collected in alpine clefts in the Mont- Blanc massif. Significant data conceming the palaeo-circulation of fluids have been obtained. The variations of the chemical compositions of the alpine fluids demonstrate mixing between different end-members (Li-rich, Ca- rich and Na-rich), thus the existence of an homogenous fluid reservoir seems improbable. Fluid mixing is intermittent and local. Pressure- temperature conditions of trapping are estimated in the range of 2800 - 3600 bars and 330° and 420°C respectively, which correspond to estimated depths of 10. 4 and l3. 3 km, considering a lithostatic pressure. Studies of fluid inclusions in sedimentary basin have permitted the reconstitution 0 chemical composition of the palaeofluid (Caramal, Australia and Oklo, Gabon). The existence of mixing and/or dilution processes between several end-members for Caramal zone has been demonstrated. The presence of different generations of fluids, with contrasted compositions for the Oklo area, has been also described. This new analytical tool has been tested on solids. First analyses demonstrate that it is possible to quantify lithium in different matrixes (for example, quartz, glass and mica)
Baret, Guy. "Étude thermodynamique et expérimentale de mélanges d'oxydes à basse température de fluage pour l'électronique." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0003.
Lemiti, Mustapha. "Couches de dioxyde de silicium obtenues par dépôt chimique à partir d'une phase gazeuse (C. V. D. ) : élaboration et caractérisation." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19022.
Bozzolo, Nathalie. "Contribution de la microscopie électronique en transmission analytique à la caractérisation du diamant CVD." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_BOZZOLO_N.pdf.
Corvisier, Jérôme. "Implémentation des phénomènes de germination/mûrissement/croissance des phases solides secondaires dans un modèle de transport-réactif en milieu poreux géologique. Développement du code de calcul ARCHIMEDE." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00102898.
Dans le code ARCHIMEDE (développé à l'E.N.S.M-S.E, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, en collaboration avec l'I.F.P, Institut Français du Pétrole), seule la partie géochimie est concernée. Outre quelques difficultés qui empêchaient de traiter les variations de volume occasionnées par les réactions et que nous nous sommes efforcés de résoudre en reprenant l'ensemble du programme, l'objectif principal de ce travail de thèse a été la conception et l'implémentation d'un modèle de germination/mûrissement/croissance pour les minéraux secondaires.
Notre démarche a consisté à analyser précisément l'apparition de nouveaux minéraux dans des assemblages naturels d'où ils sont absents initialement. Quelques simulations numériques ont permis de montrer les limites inhérentes à la représentation, inadaptée, de la précipitation de ce genre de minéraux par croissance cristalline. La mise en avant de ces faiblesses a défini alors le cadre pour un nouveau modèle de précipitation propre aux minéraux secondaires. Une étude détaillée de la phase de germination, à savoir l'apparition des premiers cristaux d'un minéral, a conduit à la construction d'un modèle pour sa cinétique. Par suite, la mise en compétition du processus de germination avec celui de croissance, destiné à prendre plus tard le relais de la production de volume du nouveau solide, a nécessité la prise en charge de cristaux de tailles variées et le recours au mûrissement d'Ostwald, via un calcul parallèle. Il en a résulté un algorithme élaboré pour gérer, pour chaque minéral secondaire, la phase initiale de germination/mûrissement et ensuite le passage à la phase de croissance cristalline. La sensibilité de ce nouveau modèle complet de germination/mûrissement/croissance vis-à-vis des différents paramètres qui le composent a pu être analysée moyennant de nouvelles simulations numériques. Son comportement, en terme d'acuité des prédictions, a également pu être mis à l'épreuve et finalement jugé satisfaisant.
Famery, Roger. "Etude par diffraction X et microscopie électronique en transmission de transformations de phases dans les systèmes Li2O:Al2O3 ET LI2O-FE2O3 : relations d'orientation, maclage, morphologie, structure." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066038.
Saifi, Ali. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés magnétiques des systèmes spinelles isolants CdCr2xIn2-2xS4 et ZnCr2xGa2-2xO4 : phases type verre de spin." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066519.
Deschamps, Fabien. "Caractérisation in situ des serpentines en contexte de subduction : de la nature à l'expérience." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU002.
Serpentinites (hydrated ultramafic rocks, 13 wt. % water) are particularly abundant in the oceanic lithosphere formed at slow-spreading ridges. Additionally, it is assumed that serpentinites are also present along the subduction plane, and in the hydrated part of mantle wedge. In this context, they are stable until depths of 100 to 170 km, corresponding to their destabilization at 650-700 °C (“antigorite breakdown”). Previous studies have shown that the serpentinites from oceanic and subduction environments could be significantly enriched in fluid-mobile elements (eg As, Sb, B, Li, Ba, Sr, U, Pb, and Cs). The aim of this Ph-D thesis is to identify the hosting phases for these elements into serpentinites, and to evaluate the behavior of trace and Rare Earth elements during serpentinization. In situ geochemical study of serpentine phase (chrysotile, lizardite and antigorite) using a LA-HR-ICP-MS allows us to demonstrate the no mobility of Rare Earths elements during serpentinization of olivine and pyroxene. Additionally, we observe a systematic enrichment in fluid-mobile elements (As, Sb, B, Li, Ba, Sr, U, Pb, and Cs) into serpentine minerals. A comparative study between subducted and exhumed abyssal serpentinites from Greater Antilles accretionary prism (Cuba and Dominican Republic) and abyssal serpentinites (MARK area) demonstrate that fluid-mobile elements incorporated into serpentines are not remobilized then during subduction prograde metamorphism. Serpentine phases can transfer these elements at great depths superior than 150 km. During the study of the Tso Morari serpentinitites (Ladakh, Himalaya), which are derived from the hydration of the mantle wedge, we observed also an enrichment in fluid-mobile elements (Sb, As, B, U, Pb, Cs, Li). Boron and uranium are enriched without relation with primary minerals whereas Sb and As are preferentially enriched in serpentinized olivines and Pb, Cs, and Li are enriched in serpentinized orthopyroxenes. This differential enrichment reflects the gradual dehydration of subducting sediments and the successive incorporation of fluid-mobile elements depending on the temperature of serpentinization of olivine (< 300°C) and pyroxene (> 300°C). Additionally, an experimental study using cold-seal hydrothermal vessels (2
Deschamps, Fabien. "Caractérisation in situ des serpentines en contexte de subduction : de la nature à l'expérience." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464129.
El, Gharras Zohair. "Contribution à l'étude du rôle des défauts sur les phénomènes de transport dans les couches minces de Ge(x)Se(1-x) amorphes." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES008.
Potin, Yves. "Spectrométrie Mössbauer in situ : application a l' étude de perovskites non-stoechiométriques et de fluorures d'étain." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204092.