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Journal articles on the topic 'Phase accumulation'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Bonatto, Cristian, and Jason Alfredo Carlson Gallas. "Accumulation boundaries: codimension-two accumulation of accumulations in phase diagrams of semiconductor lasers, electric circuits, atmospheric and chemical oscillators." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1865 (August 13, 2007): 505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2107.

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We report high-resolution phase diagrams for several familiar dynamical systems described by sets of ordinary differential equations: semiconductor lasers; electric circuits; Lorenz-84 low-order atmospheric circulation model; and Rössler and chemical oscillators. All these systems contain chaotic phases with highly complicated and interesting accumulation boundaries , curves where networks of stable islands of regular oscillations with ever-increasing periodicities accumulate systematically. The experimental exploration of such codimension-two boundaries characterized by the presence of infinite accumulation of accumulations is feasible with existing technology for some of these systems.
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2

Pozueta-Romero, Diego, Pedro Gonzalez, Ed Etxeberria, and Javier Pozueta-Romero. "The Hyperbolic and Linear Phases of the Sucrose Accumulation Curve in Turnip Storage Cells Denote Carrier-mediated and Fluid Phase Endocytic Transport, Respectively." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 133, no. 4 (July 2008): 612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.133.4.612.

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Sucrose accumulation into sink cells consists of multiple components collectively characterized by a biphasic kinetics curve. Whereas the hyperbolic phase at low external sucrose concentration denotes a membrane-bound, carrier-mediated component, the linear nonsaturable phase at higher concentrations has been suggested to represent facilitated diffusion. We recently demonstrated the occurrence of fluid phase endocytosis (FPE) uptake of sucrose in heterotrophic cells. To investigate the involvement of this process within both phases of the sucrose accumulation curve, we analyzed the effect of phloridzin and latrunculin-B (sucrose/H+ symport and endocytosis inhibitors, respectively) in the accumulation of sucrose and the endocytic marker Alexa-488 in turnip (Brassica campestris L.) storage parenchyma cells. At low external sucrose concentration, phloridzin, but not latrunculin-B, greatly reduced sucrose accumulation. By contrast, at high external sucrose concentration, phloridzin and latrunculin-B significantly inhibited sucrose accumulation. In addition, latrunculin-B exerted a pronounced inhibitory effect on Alexa-488 uptake at any external sucrose concentration. Our results indicate that carrier-mediated and endocytic uptake (at different magnitudes) of sucrose take place at any external sucrose concentration; that within the hyperbolic phase of the sucrose accumulation curve, most of the sucrose accumulating in the cell enters via plasmalemma-bound carrier(s); and that within the linear phase, plasmalemma-bound carriers and FPE are determinants of sucrose accumulation, with the involvement of FPE increasing parallel to external sucrose. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observations confirmed the increased involvement of FPE at higher external sucrose concentrations.
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3

Svanella, L., M. Gaudillère, J. P. Gaudillère, A. Moing, and R. Monet. "Organic acid concentration is little controlled by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in peach fruit." Functional Plant Biology 26, no. 6 (1999): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp98164.

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Changes in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity were studied during the fruit development of two peach cultivars (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) with normal (‘Fantasia’) and low (‘Jalousia’) organic acid concentration. PEPC activities were measured in fruit mesocarp at two stages of development, corresponding to malate accumulation and citrate accumulation phases in ‘Fantasia’, respectively. In vitro activity, measured under optimal conditions, was significantly higher in ‘Fantasia’ than in ‘Jalousia’ during the malate accumulation phase but lower during the citrate accumulation phase. In vivo activity was estimated using 14CO2 labelling. The total incorporated radioactivity was higher in ‘Fantasia’ than in ‘Jalousia’ during the malate accumulation phase but lower during the citrate accumulation phase. During the malate accumulation phase, the partitioning of incorporated 14C into malate was significantly reduced in ‘Jalousia’ compared to ‘Fantasia’ after 20 min labelling. During the citrate accumulation phase, 14 C partitioning into malate was not significantly different between varieties, but partitioning into citrate was significantly reduced in ‘Jalousia’ compared to ‘Fantasia’. Therefore, PEPC activity does not seem to be the controlling step for the absence of organic acid accumulation in ‘Jalousia’ fruit. The other metabolic causes of the difference in organic acid accumulation are discussed; these may be connected with vacuolar storage.
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4

Gorobets, Valery, Ievgen Antypov, Viktor Trokhaniak, and Yurii Bohdan. "Experimental and numerical studies of heat and mass transfer in low-temperature heat accumulator with phase transformations of accumulating material." MATEC Web of Conferences 240 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824001009.

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Accumulation of thermal energy is produced with the aim of storing at certain times, when there is an overabundance of this energy and its further use in other periods of time when there is a deficit thermal energy. Thermal energy storage may be carried out under heating of any material (water, solid materials etc.) or by using the phase or chemical transformation of the material (melting and crystallization processes, direct and reverse chemical reaction). Thermal accumulators with phase or chemical transformations are allowed to concentrate a large amount of energy in a relatively small volume of accumulating material. In this paper an experimental study and numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer in the heat accumulator during phase transformations of the accumulating material are presented. The experimental plant consists of a chamber filled with paraffin. In experimental studies, the changes of the temperature distribution in heat accumulating material and tube bundles have investigated. Numerical simulation of melting and solidification of heat accumulating material during the heated and cooled of tube bundles were performed. As the results of research, the basic laws of melting and crystallization processes in heat accumulator during phase transformations of heat accumulating material were determined.
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5

Petrovic, Aleksandar, and Dragana Nikolic. "Geomorphologic study of tufa on the locality Bigreni stream (Donja Bela Reka)." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 89, no. 4 (2009): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0904061p.

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The tufa accumulations in the valley of Bigreni stream are morphogenetically complex. The great importance for the occurrence of tufa, as in majority of other accumulations in Eastern Serbia, has the vicinity of the karst spring. The presence of cascades in the gorge of Bigreni stream enabled primary formation of waterfall tufa. After partitioning the gorge, the phase of the barrier tufa accumulation began. The erosive phase is currently present and therefore, once unique accumulation has been divided into several smaller accumulations. The possibility for protection because of the vicinity of the protected capped spring and the beauty of tufa waterfalls indicate the potential for tourist exploitation of this locality.
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6

Gibo, David L., and Jody A. McCurdy. "Lipid accumulation by migrating monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-012.

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The migration of Danaus plexippus during the late summer in southern Ontario in 1986 lasted for about 8 weeks and consisted of three phases, an early phase characterized by increasing abundance, a middle phase of peak abundance, and a late phase characterized by declining abundance. As the season progressed, systematic changes were observed in wet mass, dry mass, lean dry mass, lipid mass, and forewing length. Wet mass, lean dry mass, and forewing length were similar for early- and middle-phase individuals, but declined in late-phase migrants. Lipid mass peaked in the middle phase of the migration and then declined abruptly in the late phase. Dry mass also peaked in the middle phase, reflecting changes in lipid mass and lean dry mass. We hypothesize that the observed changes in lipid mass and lean dry mass over the 8 weeks resulted from changes in population structure as well as seasonal changes in the weather, and in availability of nectar. Opposing conclusions reached in previous studies of lipid accumulation in D. plexippus are probably the result of failure to control for phase of migration.
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7

Novikov, Leonid, and Oleksandr Bokii. "Calculation of degassing networks taking into account the accumulation of the liquid phase." E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900063.

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The issue of accounting for the accumulation of liquid in the mine degassing network during gas-dynamic calculations is considered. Geometry of fluid accumulation in the cross section of degassing pipeline and the formulas for geometric parameters are presented. A scheme of wave generation on the liquid surface is considered. Dependence for the coefficient of resistance to interfacial friction on the liquid surface is proposed. Formulas for calculation of gas-dynamic parameters on the pipeline section are given. The results calculation of the resistance coefficients in the place accumulation of liquid, changes in flow and pressure of the gas mixture are presented. Calculations carried out for pipelines with accumulations of liquid.
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8

BLACK, J. R., C. B. AMMERMAN, P. R. HENRY, and R. C. LITTELL. "INFLUENCE OF DIETARY MANGANESE ON TISSUE TRACE MINERAL ACCUMULATION AND DEPLETION IN SHEEP." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-077.

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An experiment was conducted to investigate tissue trace mineral accumulation and depletion in sheep fed high dietary Mn in the form of reagent grade MnO. During the pre-trial phase, 32 wethers, 56 kg initially, were group-fed the basal corn-soybean meal diet (36 mg/kg Mn) for 8 days at which time eight sheep were slaughtered and tissues were taken to represent controls. For the remaining sheep, the experiment was divided into two phases of 6 wk and 12 wk; during the first phase (accumulation), the diet contained 8000 mg/kg supplemental Mn and during the second phase (depletion) the diet was the unsupplemented basal. Sheep were slaughtered at various intervals during both phases and tissue samples were taken. Manganese increased in all tissues measured during accumulation but decreased rapidly during the depletion phase. In general, liver and kidney Zn and Cu increased during the accumulation phase but tissue Fe decreased during this phase. MnO appeared to be a relatively safe supplemental source of Mn for sheep. Key words: Manganese, trace minerals, tissue minerals, sheep
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9

Fan, Zi Li. "Main Controlling Factors of Hydrocarbon Accumulation at Different Phases: A Study on the Main Fault Depression Zones of Central H Basin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.39.

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To understand the oil and gas accumulation rules and main controlling factors of H Basin at different phases, approaches such as reservoir dissection and analysis on the spatial allocation of reservoir accumulation conditions are adopted to divide the reservoir of the main fault depression zones of central H Basin into early and late phases. The widely-spread oil and gas at early phase are obviously more than that of the late phase. The main controlling factors of reservoir accumulation at early phase include source rocks area, antithetic faults - tilted upheavals and sand body of fan delta front subfacies while that of the late phase include sources rocks area, inverted structure and long-term developed fractures. The achievement of the study expounded in this paper is significantly important to correctly understand the oil and gas accumulation rules of complicated faulted-block fields and guide the oil and gas exploration activities.
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10

Nakahari, Takashi, Shoko Fujiwara, Chikao Shimamoto, Kumiko Kojima, Ken-Ichi Katsu, and Yusuke Imai. "cAMP modulation of Ca2+-regulated exocytosis in ACh-stimulated antral mucous cells of guinea pig." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 282, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): G844—G856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00300.2001.

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Effects of cAMP accumulation on ATP-dependent priming and Ca2+-dependent fusion in Ca2+-regulated exocytosis were examined in antral mucous cells of guinea pigs by using video-enhanced contrast microscopy. The Ca2+-regulated exocytosis activated by 1 μM ACh consisted of two phases, an initial transient phase followed by a sustained phase, which were potentiated by cAMP accumulation. Depletion of ATP by 100 μM dinitrophenol (uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation) or anoxia induced the sustained phase without the initial transient phase in Ca2+-regulated exocytosis. However, accumulation of cAMP before depletion of ATP induced and potentiated an initial transient phase followed by a sustained phase in Ca2+-regulated exocytosis. This suggests that the initial transient phase of Ca2+-regulated exocytosis is induced by fusion of all primed granules maintained by ATP and that accumulation of cAMP accelerates ATP-dependent priming of the exocytotic cycle. Moreover, ACh and Ca2+ dose-response studies showed that accumulation of cAMP shifted the dose-response curves to the low concentration side, suggesting that it increases Ca2+ sensitivity in the fusion of the exocytotic cycle. In conclusion, cAMP accumulation increases the number of primed granules and Ca2+ sensitivity of the fusion, which potentiates Ca2+-regulated exocytosis in antral mucous cells.
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11

Rivera, Mariano, Francisco J. Hernandez-Lopez, and Adonai Gonzalez. "Phase unwrapping by accumulation of residual maps." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 64 (January 2015): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2014.07.005.

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12

Gonçalves, Felipe Augusto Reis, Priscila Maria de Aquino, Luiz Otávio Duarte, Rosiane Filomena Batista Almeida de Aquino, Marcelo Rodrigues dos Reis, and Leonardo Angelo de Aquino. "Macronutrient extraction curves of the onion crop." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 6 (August 29, 2019): 2497. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6p2497.

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This study aimed to determine the extraction curves and accumulation order of macronutrients of two onion cultivars. In commercial fields in the region of Alto Paranaíba, MG, Brazil, onion plants of the cultivars ‘Optima’ and ‘Sirius’ were collected during the cycle in 2014 and 2015 to determine dry matter and macronutrient accumulation. The yield was determined at harvest time. Three phases of dry matter and nutrient accumulations were observed. The first phase had a slow accumulation and was followed by a fast increment and subsequent stabilization in phases two and three, respectively, for most of the nutrients in both cultivars and years of cultivation. Duration and accumulated at each phase were different between cultivars and years of cultivation. The total and commercial bulb yield did not vary between cultivars but only between years of cultivation, with average values of 117 and 60 Mg ha?1 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The partitioning of dry matter and macronutrients followed the same model for both cultivars and years of cultivation. Macronutrients with the largest partitioning for bulbs are P and S. The decreasing extraction order for both cultivars was K > Ca > N > P > Mg > S in 2014 and K > N > Ca > P > S > Mg in 2015.
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13

Chen, Lingfeng, Chris Janetopoulos, Yi Elaine Huang, Miho Iijima, Jane Borleis, and Peter N. Devreotes. "Two Phases of Actin Polymerization Display Different Dependencies on PI(3,4,5)P3 Accumulation and Have Unique Roles during Chemotaxis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 12 (December 2003): 5028–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-05-0339.

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The directional movement of cells in chemoattractant gradients requires sophisticated control of the actin cytoskeleton. Uniform exposure of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae as well as mammalian leukocytes to chemoattractant triggers two phases of actin polymerization. In the initial rapid phase, motility stops and the cell rounds up. During the second slow phase, pseudopodia are extended from local regions of the cell perimeter. These responses are highly correlated with temporal and spatial accumulations of PI(3,4,5)P3/PI(3,4)P2 reflected by the translocation of specific PH domains to the membrane. The slower phase of PI accumulation and actin polymerization is more prominent in less differentiated, unpolarized cells, is selectively increased by disruption of PTEN, and is relatively more sensitive to perturbations of PI3K. Optimal levels of the second responses allow the cell to respond rapidly to switches in gradient direction by extending lateral pseudopods. Consequently, PI3K inhibitors impair chemotaxis in wild-type cells but partially restore polarity and chemotactic response in pten- cells. Surprisingly, the fast phase of PI(3,4,5)P3 accumulation and actin polymerization, which is relatively resistant to PI3K inhibition, can support inefficient but reasonably accurate chemotaxis.
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14

Repper, J., M. Hofmann, C. Krempaszky, R. C. Wimpory, W. Petry, and E. Werner. "Microstrain accumulation in multiphase superalloys." Powder Diffraction 24, S1 (June 2009): S65—S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3134582.

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Four matrix-phase crystallographic directions of IN718 are investigated by in situ tensile tests using neutron diffraction. The elastic diffraction constants for all directions measured are compared to theoretical values calculated by the Kröner model. The differences between the microscopic and the macroscopic material response are given. The accumulation of microstrains in the different crystallographic directions is discussed. A comparison between the results of a single phase material (ingot IN718) and two differently thermal treated multiphase materials is presented.
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15

Wang, Yin Mei. "Bamboo as Solid Carbon Source for De-Nitrification." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1330.

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This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency and characteristics of de-nitrification using bamboo as solid phase carbon source in a batch and continuous flow mode. Compared to no solid phase carbon source system, the higher nitrate-N removal efficiency and the less nitrite-N accumulation was observed in a de-nitrification system by using bamboo as solid phase carbon source. The results showed that nitrate-N volumetric load averaged between 2.09 mg/L.h when filamentous bamboo as single carbon source, and mean nitrite-N accumulations was only 0.23 mg as 1 g nitrate-N was removed. Moreover, temperature was an important influencing factor for nitrate-N volumetric load and nitrite accumulation. In addition, refractory organic compounds and nitrate-N can simultaneous remove.
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16

SCORCIONI, Francesca, Arnaldo CORTI, Pierpaola DAVALLI, Serenella ASTANCOLLE, and Saverio BETTUZZI. "Manipulation of the expression of regulatory genes of polyamine metabolism results in specific alterations of the cell-cycle progression." Biochemical Journal 354, no. 1 (February 8, 2001): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3540217.

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We have previously reported that cyclical phases of accumulation and depletion of polyamines occur during cell-cycle progression. Regulatory ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyses the first step of polyamine biosynthesis. Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme (OAZ), induced by high polyamine levels, inhibits ODC activity and prevents extracellular polyamine uptake. Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) regulates the polyamine degradation/excretion pathway. Here we show that 24h transient transfection of immortalized human prostatic epithelial cells (PNT1A and PNT2) with antisense ODC RNA or OAZ cDNA, or both, while effectively causing marked decreases of ODC activity and polyamine (especially putrescine) concentrations, resulted in accumulation of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. Transfection with SSAT cDNA led to more pronounced decreases in spermidine and spermine levels and resulted in accumulation of cells in the G2/M phases. Transfection with all three constructs together produced maximal depletion of all polyamines, accompanied by accumulation of PNT1A cells in the S phase and PNT2 cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases. Accumulation of PNT1A cells in the S phase progressively increased at 15, 18 and 24h of transfection with antisense ODC and/or OAZ cDNA. At 24h, the DNA content was always reduced, as a possible outcome of altered chromosome condensation. A direct link between polyamine metabolism, cell proliferation and chromatin structure is thus proposed.
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17

Hyeon, Min Gyu, Taeseok Daniel Yang, Jin-Sung Park, Kwanjun Park, Yong Guk Kang, Beop-Min Kim, and Youngwoon Choi. "Reflection Phase Microscopy by Successive Accumulation of Interferograms." ACS Photonics 6, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01703.

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18

Zhang, Hong. "Accumulation Models of the Natural Gas in the Foreland Basins of China and their Physical Simulation Experiment." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2812–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2812.

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The paper chooses foreland basin as its research object. after summarizing the accumulation characteristics of the different phases and different parts of them, the common models of the whole foreland basin are given and the physical simulation experiments are carried out. It shows that the foreland basins experience three phases of evolution. Phase 1 is the period that the source rock and structure oil and gas traps form. Phase 2 is the period that multi-cycle reservoir and lithologic oil and gas pool form. phase 3 is the period that foreland uplift belt and fault anticline pool form. Then a foreland basins has three different belts including of thrust belt, foredeep and foreland slope belt, foreland uplift belt, and the belts have different accumulation models. With regard to the hydrocarbon accumulation period of the foreland basin, the thrust belt have precedence to other belt. foredeep and foreland slope belt forms the secondary pools. Foreland uplift belt accumulates hydrocarbon very quickly.
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19

Lisin, Petr A., and Anna A. Makarova. "Phase-Dynamic Analysis of the Food Fermentation Process." Food Industry 7, no. 2 (June 21, 2022): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2500-1922-2022-7-2-9.

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There is a lactic acid formation followed by milk casein coagulation in the fermented dairy products obtained by fermentation. A man observes the metabolic activity of microorganisms during fermentation. Decomposition and synthesis reactions accompany the vital activity process of microorganisms leading to significant changes in the culture medium. It gives the products produced the specified rheological, organoleptic and required functional properties. The priority direction of the dairy production evolvement is the development of products with regulated technological processes. The article considers the phase-dynamic acid accumulation process possibility in dairy products, namely, by the example of yogurt with fat mass fraction of 2.5% during the fermentation period. The researchers modeled changes regression dependences in the rate and acceleration of the acid accumulation process during fermentation using the MathCAD computer mathematical system. A man specified the acid accumulation phases in the studied object by experimental and analytical studies: the active phase – in the first 6 hours of fermentation; the passive phase – from 6 to 10 hours. The acidity growth rate is proportional to the number of lactic acid bacteria. Initially, the increase in acidity occurred according to the exponential law; then, the increase began to slow down as the nutrient content (lactose) decreased and the concentration of microbial waste products increased; and assumed the maximum value eventually. The phase-dynamic portrait of acid accumulation in fermented milk products enables to quantify the separate influence of the microorganism reproduction and its inactivation effects on the acidity growth process.
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20

Beringue, Vincent, Karim T. Adjou, François Lamoury, Thomas Maignien, Jean-Philippe Deslys, Richard Race, and Dominique Dormont. "Opposite Effects of Dextran Sulfate 500, the Polyene Antibiotic MS-8209, and Congo Red on Accumulation of the Protease-Resistant Isoform of PrP in the Spleens of Mice Inoculated Intraperitoneally with the Scrapie Agent." Journal of Virology 74, no. 12 (June 15, 2000): 5432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.12.5432-5440.2000.

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ABSTRACT The mode and the site of action of the major antiscrapie drugs have been studied by investigating their effects on the abnormal protease-resistant isoform of PrP (PrPres) and on its accumulation in mouse spleen. Day-by-day PrPres accumulation in the spleen and in other peripheral organs was first monitored to describe the early steps of scrapie pathogenesis. Three phases were identified: the detection of scrapie inoculum on the day of scrapie infection, a clearance phase, and then the peripheral accumulation of PrPres. In a second step, the effects of the polyene antibiotic MS-8209, the polyanion dextran sulfate 500 (DS500), and Congo red were assessed on these phases, after the drugs were coincubated with scrapie inoculum. Highly different mechanisms and sites of action were apparent. MS-8209 had a weak effect on the accumulation of PrPres in spleen, suggesting another site of intervention for this drug. DS500 delayed the beginning of the clearance phase but then blocked PrPres synthesis for a long period of time, probably because of its immunological effects on the spleen. Surprisingly, Congo red suppressed the clearance phase of scrapie inoculum and then increased transiently accumulation of PrPres in spleen. We showed in vitro that this effect was related to a direct enhancement of the protease resistance of PrPres by the drug.
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21

Yeong, Foong May, Hong Hwa Lim, Ya Wang, and Uttam Surana. "Early Expressed Clb Proteins Allow Accumulation of Mitotic Cyclin by Inactivating Proteolytic Machinery during S Phase." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 15 (August 1, 2001): 5071–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.15.5071-5081.2001.

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ABSTRACT Periodic accumulation and destruction of mitotic cyclins are important for the initiation and termination of M phase. It is known that both APCCdc20 and APCHct1 collaborate to destroy mitotic cyclins during M phase. Here we show that this relationship between anaphase-promoting complex (APC) and Clb proteins is reversed in S phase such that the early Clb kinases (Clb3, Clb4, and Clb5 kinases) inactivate APCHct1 to allow Clb2 accumulation. This alternating antagonism between APC and Clb proteins during S and M phases constitutes an oscillatory system that generates undulations in the levels of mitotic cyclins.
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22

Dzindziora, Agnieszka, Jacek Cieślik, and Jerzy Wojciechowski. "Phase change materials and their use for energy accumulation." MATEC Web of Conferences 338 (2021): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133801006.

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Problems with overheating and unstable temperature of industrial equipment are the reasons for generating significant costs that for companies. Solving the problems related to heat removal is a challenge in modern industry. Phase change materials are the solution to these challenges (PCM). These substances can accumulate and release large amounts of thermal energy during the phase change transition. The value of the phase transition enthalpy determines the energy storage capacity. The paper presents the results of phase transitions of selected materials. The measurements were carried out on a stand for testing phase change materials. The laboratory stand made it possible to determine the thermodynamic parameters of the phase transition. The substances analysed are kinds of paraffin of different chemical composition. Due to the diversity of substances, it is possible to analyse the influence of the chemical composition on possible uses in industrial applications for energy storage.
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23

Okabe, Satoshi, Tsukasa Ito, Kenichi Sugita, and Hisashi Satoh. "Succession of Internal Sulfur Cycles and Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities in Microaerophilic Wastewater Biofilms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 5 (May 2005): 2520–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.5.2520-2529.2005.

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ABSTRACT The succession of sulfur-oxidizing bacterial (SOB) community structure and the complex internal sulfur cycle occurring in wastewater biofilms growing under microaerophilic conditions was analyzed by using a polyphasic approach that employed 16S rRNA gene-cloning analysis combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization, microelectrode measurements, and standard batch and reactor experiments. A complete sulfur cycle was established via S0 accumulation within 80 days in the biofilms in replicate. This development was generally split into two phases, (i) a sulfur-accumulating phase and (ii) a sulfate-producing phase. In the first phase (until about 40 days), since the sulfide production rate (sulfate-reducing activity) exceeded the maximum sulfide-oxidizing capacity of SOB in the biofilms, H2S was only partially oxidized to S0 by mainly Thiomicrospira denitirificans with NO3 − as an electron acceptor, leading to significant accumulation of S0 in the biofilms. In the second phase, the SOB populations developed further and diversified with time. In particular, S0 accumulation promoted the growth of a novel strain, strain SO07, which predominantly carried out the oxidation of S0 to SO4 2− under oxic conditions, and Thiothrix sp. strain CT3. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the dense populations of Thiothrix (ca. 109 cells cm−3) and strain SO07 (ca. 108 cells cm−3) were found at the sulfur-rich surface (100 μm), while the population of Thiomicrospira denitirificans was distributed throughout the biofilms with a density of ca. 107 to 108 cells cm−3. Microelectrode measurements revealed that active sulfide-oxidizing zones overlapped the spatial distributions of different phylogenetic SOB groups in the biofilms. As a consequence, the sulfide-oxidizing capacities of the biofilms became high enough to completely oxidize all H2S produced by SRB to SO4 2− in the second phase, indicating establishment of the complete sulfur cycle in the biofilms.
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24

Alonso, J. M., F. P. Schmitt, F. A. L. Sousa, G. S. Rosa, C. S. Esper, G. B. Melo Neto, M. Vettorato, et al. "Carboxymethylcellulose and psyllium effects in sand output of horses with asymptomatic sand accumulation." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 72, no. 5 (September 2020): 1609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11525.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Psyllium (PSY) and Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) administration on fecal elimination of sand in horses with asymptomatic sand accumulations. Eight horses were selected from sandy areas and randomly divided into 2 groups of four animals. The subjects were treated either with CMC or PSY. The presence of intestinal sand was confirmed through radiography and glove sedimentation test. The study was performed in two phases, with a 7-day interval. In phase I, all the animals received 8 liters of warm water; in phase II, the CMC group received 8 liters of water + 1g/kg of CMC, whereas the PSY group received 8 liters of water + 1g/kg of PSY. All administrations were performed through nasogastric intubation and fractionated in 2 equal volume administrations with an interval of two hours. General and specific physical examination of the digestive system were performed in conjunction with abdominal ultrasonography before the administrations and after 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours, aiming to evaluate intestinal motility and presence of sand. All the feces eliminated by the animals within the 72 hours following the administrations were quantified, diluted and sedimented in order to calculate the sand output (g/kg of feces). All the animals were also subjected to radiographic examination to quantify sand accumulation prior to phase I and after 72 hours of phases I and II. No adverse effects were observed after the treatments. It was possible to notice higher sand elimination in both groups during the phase I, whereas no difference was observed in sand elimination rates between the groups in phase II. The radiographic scores presented differences between the initial timepoint and 72h in phases I and II for both groups. Based on the sand elimination rates and radiographic score, this study demonstrated that sand output was greater after administration of water alone, compared to CMC and Psyllium, leading to the inference that removal of the sandy environment and prevention of sand re-ingestion are effective measures for the elimination of sand from the colon of horses with asymptomatic sand accumulations.
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Stauch, Georg. "A conceptual model for the interpretation of aeolian sediments from a semiarid high-mountain environment since the late glacial." Quaternary Research 91, no. 1 (May 25, 2018): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.35.

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AbstractDifferent interpretations of accumulation and preservation of aeolian sediments lead to divergent and sometimes contradictory palaeoclimate reconstructions. Although aeolian transport mainly occurs during dry climate, the preservation of the aeolian sediment is a critical factor in many environments in determining the nature of the aeolian sedimentary archive. Analysis of more than 200 optically stimulated luminescence ages for aeolian sands from Tibet shows four different aeolian phases of accumulation. Strong aeolian activity occurred during the last glacial maximum, but hardly any aeolian sediments are preserved. Consequently, the period with the highest aeolian activity is not recorded in the sedimentary record. A phase of aeolian accumulation occurred in the late glacial and the early Holocene. The duration of deposition for this phase is a consequence of the complex topography and an increase in moisture. This phase was punctuated by exceptionally strong accumulation during the Younger Dryas stade. The mid-Holocene is characterised by weak aeolian accumulation and fluvial erosion caused by greater precipitation during the maximum height of the Asian summer monsoon. Aeolian activity resumed in the late Holocene because of drier conditions. The conceptual model provides an approach that can be applied to other mountain and desert margin regions that have limited sediment availability.
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Ozcan, Ayse, and Ebru Dirik. "Phase value assessment reveals iron accumulation in parkinson disease." Medicine Science | International Medical Journal 9, no. 2 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2020.09.9243.

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Liu, Qingxu, Jiaxin Li, Weiji Zhang, Chen Xiao, Shihao Zhang, Cheng Nian, Junhong Li, et al. "Glycogen accumulation and phase separation drives liver tumor initiation." Cell 184, no. 22 (October 2021): 5559–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.001.

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28

Xi, Jin-Ying, Hong-Ying Hu, and Xian Zhang. "Simulation of Biomass Accumulation Pattern in Vapor-Phase Biofilters." Environmental Engineering Science 29, no. 6 (June 2012): 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2010.0281.

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29

Stoldt, Stefan, Dirk Wenzel, Ekkehard Schulze, Detlef Doenecke, and Nicole Happel. "G1 phase-dependent nucleolar accumulation of human histone H1x." Biology of the Cell 99, no. 10 (October 2007): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bc20060117.

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30

Hagelstein, Paul, Isabella Lackner, James Otto, Austin Perona, and Robert Piziak. "Markowitz Portfolios with Graham Bands in the Accumulation Phase." Journal of Wealth Management 22, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jwm.2019.1.084.

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Poon, B., L. Ponson, J. Zhao, and G. Ravichandran. "Damage accumulation and hysteretic behavior of MAX phase materials." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 59, no. 10 (October 2011): 2238–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2011.03.012.

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32

Krasil’nikova, E. N., E. S. Mil’ko, O. I. Keppen, N. V. Lebedeva, and R. N. Ivanovskii. "Poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate accumulation by Rhodobacter sphaeroides phase variants." Microbiology 84, no. 3 (May 2015): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s002626171503011x.

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Kores, Cristine Calil, Nur Ismail, Edward H. Bernhardi, Fredrik Laurell, and Markus Pollnau. "Accumulation of Distributed Phase Shift in Distributed-Feedback Resonators." IEEE Photonics Journal 11, no. 1 (February 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2018.2886073.

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PAINE, P. "Nuclear protein accumulation: Envelope transport or phase affinity mechanisms?" Cell Biology International Reports 12, no. 9 (September 1988): 691–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1651(88)90084-7.

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35

Yi, Chenfeng, Fenglian Wang, Shijun Dong, and Hao Li. "Changes of trehalose content and expression of relative genes during the bioethanol fermentation bySaccharomyces cerevisiae." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 10 (October 2016): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2015-0832.

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Traditionally, trehalose is considered as a protectant to improve the ethanol tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, to clarify the changes and roles of trehalose during the bioethanol fermentation, trehalose content and expression of related genes at lag, exponential, and stationary phases (i.e., 2, 8, and 16 h of batch fermentation process) were determined. Although yeast cells at exponential and stationary phase had higher trehalose content than cells at lag phase (P < 0.01), there was no significant difference in trehalose content between exponential and stationary phases (P > 0.05). Moreover, expression of the trehalose degradation-related genes NTH1 and NTH2 decreased at exponential phase in comparison with that at lag phase; compared with cells at lag phase, cells at stationary phase had higher expression of TPS1, ATH1, NTH1, and NTH2 but lower expression of TPS2. During the lag–exponential phase transition, downregulation of NTH1 and NTH2 promoted accumulation of trehalose, and to some extent, trehalose might confer ethanol tolerance to S. cerevisiae before stationary phase. During the exponential–stationary phase transition, upregulation of TPS1 contributed to accumulation of trehalose, and Tps1 protein might be indispensable in yeast cells to withstand ethanol stress at the stationary phase. Moreover, trehalose would be degraded to supply carbon source at stationary phase.
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Niitsu, Kiichi, Masato Sakurai, Naohiro Harigai, Daiki Hirabayashi, Daiki Oki, Takahiro J. Yamaguchi, and Haruo Kobayashi. "An Analytical Study on Jitter Accumulation in Interleaved Phase Frequency Detectors for High-Accuracy On-Chip Jitter Measurements." Key Engineering Materials 534 (January 2013): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.534.197.

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This work presents the analytical study on jitter accumulation in interleaved phase frequency detectors for high-accuracy on-chip jitter measurements. Jitter accumulation in phase frequency detector degrades the accuracy of on-chip jitter measurements, and required to be mitigated. In order to analyze and estimate the jitter accumulation in phase frequency detectors, SPICE simulation was performed with 65 nm CMOS technology. Simulation results show that, with a 50 mV power supply noise injection, jitter accumulation can be reduced from 1.03 ps to 0.49 ps (52% reduction) by using an interleaved architecture.
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37

Lee, Dong-Gun, Ji-Young Park, and Sang-Hoon Song. "BIM-Based Construction Information Management Framework for Site Information Management." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5249548.

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Projects in the construction industry are becoming increasingly large and complex, with construction technologies, methods, and the like developing rapidly. Various different types of information are generated by construction projects. Especially, a construction phase requires the input of many resources and generates a diverse set of information. While a variety of IT techniques are being deployed for information management during the construction phase, measures to create databases of such information and to link these various different types of information together are still insufficient. As such, this study aims to suggest a construction information database system based on BIM technology to enable the comprehensive management of site information generated during the construction phase. This study analyzed the information generated from construction sites and proposed a categorization system for structuring the generated information, along with a database model for storing such structured information. Through such efforts, it was confirmed that such a database system can be used for accumulating and using construction information; it is believed that, in the future, the continual accumulation and management of construction information will allow for corporate-level accumulation of knowledge as opposed to the individual accumulation of know-how.
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38

Rybár, Radim, and Martin Beer. "Application potential analysis of heat accumulator for mining mechanisms." E3S Web of Conferences 134 (2019): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913401021.

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The paper deals with the application potential analysis of heat accumulators for mining machines working in cold climatic conditions. The proposed concept works with the idea of accumulating waste heat generated by the operation of an internal combustion engine, with use of exhaust heat, heat from the radiator and heat from the drive of the hydraulic system. An important innovative element is the use of the heterogeneous structure of phase change material - sodium acetate as a storage substance and a metal foam matrix. The use of sodium acetate enable to store heat for a long period of time without heat loss and the metal foam matrix significantly increases the thermal conductivity. The presented paper deals with the analysis of the functionality of the heat accumulator prototype and with the description of the key phase of the working cycle - heat accumulation.
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39

Nobre, M. Fernanda, and Milton S. da Costa. "The accumulation of polyols by the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii in response to water stress." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-200.

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Growth of the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii in 1% (w/v) glucose medium containing NaCl or KCl resulted in the accumulation of glycerol during the exponential phase of growth and arabinitol during the stationary phase. Similar results were obtained during growth of the yeast in 12.5% (w/v) glucose, 25% glucose, 25% fructose, and 1% glucose plus 25% polyethylene glycol M.W.200 (PEG 200). The results indicate that the intracellular glycerol concentration increases concomitantly with the solute concentration of the growth medium, while the accumulation of arabinitol is less pronounced. Growth of the yeast in media containing meso-erythritol or D-mannitol as carbon sources without or with 1 M NaCl resulted in the pronounced inhibition of arabinitol accumulation because of the intracellular accumulation of the exogenous polyols. Mannitol accumulated primarily during the stationary phase, while erythritol accumulation occurred primarily during the exponential phase. The erythritol concentration attained very high levels during growth in media containing 1 M NaCl and effectively inhibited the accumulation of glycerol.
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40

Liu, Mingyang, Jiabin Wang, Huifen Zhu, Sinisa Krajnovic, and Guangjun Gao. "A numerical study of snow accumulation on the bogies of high-speed trains based on coupling improved delayed detached eddy simulation and discrete phase model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, no. 7 (October 23, 2018): 715–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718805817.

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A numerical simulation method based on the improved delayed detached eddy simulation coupled with a discrete phase model is used to study the influence of the snow on the performance of bogies of a high-speed train running in snowy weather. The snow particle trajectories, mass of snow packing on the bogie, and thickness of snow accumulation have been analyzed to investigate the flow mechanisms of snow accumulation on different parts of the bogies. The results show that the snow accumulation on the first bogie of the head vehicle is almost the same as that of the second bogie, but the total accumulated snow on the top side of the second bogie is more than 74% higher than that of the first bogie. Among all the components of the bogies, the motors were found to be strongly influenced by the snow accumulation. The underlying flow mechanisms responsible for the snow accumulations are discussed.
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41

Mutmainnah, Heni, and Muhammad Rijal. "Analisis Kemampuan Akumulasi Polyfosfat pada Tiap Fase Pertumbuhan Isolat Bakteri Toleran Uranium." Biosel: Biology Science and Education 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33477/bs.v9i1.1320.

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Polyphosphate is a straight chain biopolymer consisting of tens to hundreds of phosphate residues that are linked by high energy phosphoanhydride bonds, polyphosphate plays an important role in the bioremediation process of uranium waste, especially in the process of uranium metal precipitation in bacterial cells. Some bacteria are known to have the potential to interact with uranium through redox transformation and bioprecipitation by releasing inorganic phosphate to bind uranium in the environment. Inorganic phosphate results from degradation of polyphosphates that accumulate in cells. This study aims to determine the ability of uranium-tolerant bacteria to accumulate polyphosphates during their growth phase. Measurements were made in 5 growth phases, namely the lag phase, the logarithmic phase, the beginning of the stationary phase, the stationary phase, and the stationary end. Quantitative analysis of polyphosphate accumulations was carried out using the Olsen & Dean method. The test results are known that the uranium-tolerant bacterial isolat is able to accumulate the most optimal polyphosphate in the stationary phase, especially at the 48th hour and the lowest polyP accumulation is found in the initial stationary phase at the 24th hour.
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42

Hernandez-Duenas, Gerardo, Ulises Velasco-García, and Jorge X. Velasco-Hernández. "A positivity-preserving central-upwind scheme for isentropic two-phase flows through deviated pipes." ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis 53, no. 5 (July 23, 2019): 1433–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/m2an/2019003.

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Directional drilling in oil and gas extraction can encounter difficulties such as accumulation of solids in deviated pipes. Motivated by such phenomenon, we consider a model for isentropic two-phase flows through deviated pipes. The system of partial differential equations is aimed at simulating the dynamics between a particle bed and a gas phase. The pipe can be either horizontal or vertically deviated where the effects of gravity are incorporated. Furthermore, the acceleration or deceleration due to friction between phases is investigated and spectral properties of the hyperbolic system of balance laws are described. The existence and characterization of steady states under appropriate conditions is analyzed. A new type of steady states arises when a balance between gas and solid phases results in a non-uniform solid particle bed and vanishing solid velocity. This state corresponds to an accumulation of sedimented solids. A central-upwind scheme that preserves the positivity of the gas and solid densities and volume fractions is presented. Including an application of the model to an analysis of accumulation of solids, a variety of numerical tests is presented to show the merits of the scheme.
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43

Blackburn, Arthur M., Matthew Fitzpatrick, and Cristina Cordoba. "Assisting Phase Unwrapping in Ptychography Through Minimal Phase Accumulation for Low Energy Electron Ptychography." Microscopy and Microanalysis 28, S1 (July 22, 2022): 430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927622002422.

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44

Sheng, De-Lei, and Ximin Rong. "Optimal Time-Consistent Investment Strategy for a DC Pension Plan with the Return of Premiums Clauses and Annuity Contracts." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/862694.

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Defined contribution and annuity contract are merged into one pension plan to study both accumulation phase and distribution phase, which results in such effects that both phases before and after retirement being “defined”. Under the Heston’s stochastic volatility model, this paper focuses on mean-variance insurers with the return of premiums clauses to study the optimal time-consistent investment strategy for the DC pension merged with an annuity contract. Both accumulation phase before retirement and distribution phase after retirement are studied. In the time-consistent framework, the extended Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations associated with the optimization problem are established. Applying stochastic optimal control technique, the time-consistent explicit solutions of the optimal strategies and the efficient frontiers are obtained. In addition, numerical analysis illustrates our results and also deepens our knowledge or understanding of the research results.
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45

Reineke, Richard A., Wesley P. Hackett, and Alan G. Smith. "Lignification Associated with Decreased Adventitious Rooting Competence of English Ivy Petioles." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-20.4.236.

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Abstract English ivy (Hedera helix L.) was used to study the relationship between lignin accumulation and adventitious rooting. Juvenile-phase and three chronological ages of mature-phase petioles were collected from clonal stock plants, analyzed for quantity of vascular lignin, and placed in an in vitro rooting assay. Rooting competence was determined by observing the number of roots formed per petiole. The number of roots per petiole differed significantly between juvenile-phase and mature-phase petioles. Lignin accumulation increased during petiole growth and development with chronologically older mature-phase petioles having the greatest amounts of lignin. There was a negative correlation between lignin accumulation and adventitious rooting competence.
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46

Li, Guiju, Huixiang Xie, Guisheng Song, and Michel Gosselin. "Production of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) in Laboratory Cultures of Arctic Sea Ice Algae." Water 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11050926.

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Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is highly enriched in bottom sea ice in the Arctic during ice algal blooms, giving rise to multifaceted ecological implications in both the sea ice and the underlying seawater. We conducted laboratory culture incubations to assess the potential role of ice algae in the accumulation of CDOM in Arctic sea ice. Non-axenic monocultures of Attheya septentrionalis and Nitzschia frigida and a natural ice algal assemblage (NIAA) were grown at 4 °C in an f/2 medium under cool white fluorescent light. Culture samples were collected several days apart throughout the exponential, stationary, and senescent phases, and analyzed for CDOM absorbance, chlorophyll a, and bacterial cell abundance. The cultures displayed apparent specific growth rates of algal and bacterial cells comparable to those in the field. Accumulations of CDOM were observed in all cultures during the time-course incubations, with the senescent phase showing the largest accumulations and the highest production rates. The senescent-phase production rate for NIAA was ~40% higher than that for A. septentrionalis. The chlorophyll a-normalized CDOM production rates in the cultures are comparable to those reported for Arctic first-year sea ice. The absorption spectra of CDOM in the cultures exhibited characteristic short-ultraviolet shoulders similar to those previously identified in sea ice. This study demonstrates that ice algal-derived CDOM can account for the springtime accumulation of CDOM in Arctic sea ice.
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47

Chiou, R. J., C. F. Ouyang, K. H. Lin, and S. H. Chuang. "The characteristics of phosphorus removal in an anaerobic/aerobic sequential batch biofilter reactor." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 1 (July 1, 2001): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0014.

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Previous research has shown that alternated anaerobic/aerobic conditions are effective in removing phosphorus from wastewater using a biofilter system. However, few studies have been conducted on the features of polyphosphate (poly-P) accumulating organisms (PAOs) in biofilm on phosphorus removal. This study investigated the characteristics of the phosphorus removal mechanism in various hydraulic loads and anaerobic/aerobic time ratios using a sequential batch biofilter reactor. The storage and release of intracellular inclusions, especially polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and poly-P, would be an important factor for phosphorus removal. Under different operating conditions, total phosphorus removal was always determined by accumulation of PHAs and phosphorus release under the anaerobic phase. The PHA accumulation under the anaerobic phase was always in proportion to the biofilm phosphorus content under aerobic conditions. The result shows PAOs activity was closely related to PHA accumulation. However, the PHA accumulation under the anaerobic phase would be dependent on the hydrolysis of the complex carbon source into short chain fatty acids (SCFA). The result would be demonstrated by the simple carbon source effect. The effect of the An/Ox time ratio on TP removal was significant. Shorter anaerobic time would result in insufficient phosphorus release and greater time would result in inactive PAOs. The appropriate An/Ox time ratio was suggested as 1/2. Comparisons of the phosphorus removal characteristics between biofilm and suspended growth under the same growth conditions are discussed in detail.
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48

Schreiber, Stefanie, Celine Z. Bueche, Cornelia Garz, Siegfried Kropf, Frank Angenstein, Juergen Goldschmidt, Jens Neumann, et al. "The Pathologic Cascade of Cerebrovascular Lesions in SHRSP: Is Erythrocyte Accumulation an Early Phase?" Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 32, no. 2 (August 31, 2011): 278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2011.122.

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Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is associated with vessel wall changes, microbleeds, blood—brain barrier (BBB) disturbances, and reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF). As spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP) may be a valid model of some aspects of human CSVD, we aimed to identify whether those changes occur in definite temporal stages and whether there is an initial phenomenon beyond those common vascular alterations. Groups of 51 SHRSP were examined simultaneously by histologic (Hematoxylin—Eosin, IgG-Immunohistochemistry, vessel diameter measurement) and imaging methods (Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 201-Thallium-Diethyldithiocarbamate/99m-Technetium-HMPAO Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography conducted as pilot study) at different stages of age. Vascular pathology in SHRSP proceeds in definite stages, whereas an age-dependent accumulation of erythrocytes in capillaries and arterioles represents the homogeneous initial step of the disease. Erythrocyte accumulations are followed by BBB disturbances and microbleeds, both also increasing with age. Microthromboses, tissue infarctions with CBF reduction, and disturbed potassium uptake represent the final stage of vascular pathology in SHRSP. Erythrocyte accumulations—we parsimoniously interpreted as stases—without cerebral tissue damage represent the first step of vascular pathology in SHRSP. If that initial phenomenon could be identified in patients, these erythrocyte accumulations might be a promising target for implementing prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human CSVD.
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49

Hamandi, Farah, and Tarun Goswami. "Macrodamage Accumulation Model for a Human Femur." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2017 (2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4539178.

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The objective of this study was to more fully understand the mechanical behavior of bone tissue that is important to find an alternative material to be used as an implant and to develop an accurate model to predict the fracture of the bone. Predicting and preventing bone failure is an important area in orthopaedics. In this paper, the macrodamage accumulation models in the bone tissue have been investigated. Phenomenological models for bone damage have been discussed in detail. In addition, 3D finite element model of the femur prepared from imaging data with both cortical and trabecular structures is delineated using MIMICS and ANSYS® and simulated as a composite structure. The damage accumulation occurring during cyclic loading was analyzed for fatigue scenario. We found that the damage accumulates sooner in the multiaxial than in the uniaxial loading condition for the same number of cycles, and the failure starts in the cortical bone. The damage accumulation behavior seems to follow a three-stage growth: a primary phase, a secondary phase of damage growth marked by linear damage growth, and a tertiary phase that leads to failure. Finally, the stiffness of the composite bone comprising the cortical and trabecular bone was significantly different as expected.
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50

Brandt, D., C. Sieker, and W. Hegemann. "Combined denitrification and excess biological phosphorus removal in discontinuous operated biofilm systems." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 4-5 (August 1, 2002): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0585.

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The sorption-denitrification-P-removal (S-DN-P) process combines biological excess P-removal (BEPR) and denitrification using immobilized biomass. The accumulation of denitrifying polyP organisms is achieved by sequencing anaerobic/anoxic conditions. The immobilized biomass is in alternating contact with primary treated wastewater (anaerobic sorption-phase) and nitrified wastewater (denitrification phase). In the sorption phase, P-release takes place and readily biodegradable organic substrate, e.g. volatile fatty acid, is taken up and stored by polyP accumulating organisms (PAO). In addition to this, other organic matter is physically/chemically adsorbed in the biofilm structures. In the denitrification phase, the biomass denitrifies the stored and adsorbed organic substrate and, at the same time, P-uptake and polyP formation occurs. This paper presents results of investigations at laboratory and half-technical scale. At laboratory scale different types of carriers were tested regarding their suitability for the S-DN-P-process. In half-technical scale a biofilter and a moving bed reactor (MBR) were tested. In the biofilter a stable removal of nitrate and phosphate was achieved. However, it was not possible to achieve similar results in the MBR process. Especially the release and uptake of phosphate showed no clear tendency although the uptake of acetate was good. Reasons for this could be the accumulation of glycogen accumulating organisms which impair the metabolism of PAO.
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