Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phase accumulation

Academic literature on the topic 'Phase accumulation'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Phase accumulation"

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Bonatto, Cristian, and Jason Alfredo Carlson Gallas. "Accumulation boundaries: codimension-two accumulation of accumulations in phase diagrams of semiconductor lasers, electric circuits, atmospheric and chemical oscillators." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1865 (August 13, 2007): 505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2107.

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We report high-resolution phase diagrams for several familiar dynamical systems described by sets of ordinary differential equations: semiconductor lasers; electric circuits; Lorenz-84 low-order atmospheric circulation model; and Rössler and chemical oscillators. All these systems contain chaotic phases with highly complicated and interesting accumulation boundaries , curves where networks of stable islands of regular oscillations with ever-increasing periodicities accumulate systematically. The experimental exploration of such codimension-two boundaries characterized by the presence of infinite accumulation of accumulations is feasible with existing technology for some of these systems.
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Pozueta-Romero, Diego, Pedro Gonzalez, Ed Etxeberria, and Javier Pozueta-Romero. "The Hyperbolic and Linear Phases of the Sucrose Accumulation Curve in Turnip Storage Cells Denote Carrier-mediated and Fluid Phase Endocytic Transport, Respectively." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 133, no. 4 (July 2008): 612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.133.4.612.

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Sucrose accumulation into sink cells consists of multiple components collectively characterized by a biphasic kinetics curve. Whereas the hyperbolic phase at low external sucrose concentration denotes a membrane-bound, carrier-mediated component, the linear nonsaturable phase at higher concentrations has been suggested to represent facilitated diffusion. We recently demonstrated the occurrence of fluid phase endocytosis (FPE) uptake of sucrose in heterotrophic cells. To investigate the involvement of this process within both phases of the sucrose accumulation curve, we analyzed the effect of phloridzin and latrunculin-B (sucrose/H+ symport and endocytosis inhibitors, respectively) in the accumulation of sucrose and the endocytic marker Alexa-488 in turnip (Brassica campestris L.) storage parenchyma cells. At low external sucrose concentration, phloridzin, but not latrunculin-B, greatly reduced sucrose accumulation. By contrast, at high external sucrose concentration, phloridzin and latrunculin-B significantly inhibited sucrose accumulation. In addition, latrunculin-B exerted a pronounced inhibitory effect on Alexa-488 uptake at any external sucrose concentration. Our results indicate that carrier-mediated and endocytic uptake (at different magnitudes) of sucrose take place at any external sucrose concentration; that within the hyperbolic phase of the sucrose accumulation curve, most of the sucrose accumulating in the cell enters via plasmalemma-bound carrier(s); and that within the linear phase, plasmalemma-bound carriers and FPE are determinants of sucrose accumulation, with the involvement of FPE increasing parallel to external sucrose. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observations confirmed the increased involvement of FPE at higher external sucrose concentrations.
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Svanella, L., M. Gaudillère, J. P. Gaudillère, A. Moing, and R. Monet. "Organic acid concentration is little controlled by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in peach fruit." Functional Plant Biology 26, no. 6 (1999): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp98164.

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Changes in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity were studied during the fruit development of two peach cultivars (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) with normal (‘Fantasia’) and low (‘Jalousia’) organic acid concentration. PEPC activities were measured in fruit mesocarp at two stages of development, corresponding to malate accumulation and citrate accumulation phases in ‘Fantasia’, respectively. In vitro activity, measured under optimal conditions, was significantly higher in ‘Fantasia’ than in ‘Jalousia’ during the malate accumulation phase but lower during the citrate accumulation phase. In vivo activity was estimated using 14CO2 labelling. The total incorporated radioactivity was higher in ‘Fantasia’ than in ‘Jalousia’ during the malate accumulation phase but lower during the citrate accumulation phase. During the malate accumulation phase, the partitioning of incorporated 14C into malate was significantly reduced in ‘Jalousia’ compared to ‘Fantasia’ after 20 min labelling. During the citrate accumulation phase, 14 C partitioning into malate was not significantly different between varieties, but partitioning into citrate was significantly reduced in ‘Jalousia’ compared to ‘Fantasia’. Therefore, PEPC activity does not seem to be the controlling step for the absence of organic acid accumulation in ‘Jalousia’ fruit. The other metabolic causes of the difference in organic acid accumulation are discussed; these may be connected with vacuolar storage.
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Gorobets, Valery, Ievgen Antypov, Viktor Trokhaniak, and Yurii Bohdan. "Experimental and numerical studies of heat and mass transfer in low-temperature heat accumulator with phase transformations of accumulating material." MATEC Web of Conferences 240 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824001009.

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Accumulation of thermal energy is produced with the aim of storing at certain times, when there is an overabundance of this energy and its further use in other periods of time when there is a deficit thermal energy. Thermal energy storage may be carried out under heating of any material (water, solid materials etc.) or by using the phase or chemical transformation of the material (melting and crystallization processes, direct and reverse chemical reaction). Thermal accumulators with phase or chemical transformations are allowed to concentrate a large amount of energy in a relatively small volume of accumulating material. In this paper an experimental study and numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer in the heat accumulator during phase transformations of the accumulating material are presented. The experimental plant consists of a chamber filled with paraffin. In experimental studies, the changes of the temperature distribution in heat accumulating material and tube bundles have investigated. Numerical simulation of melting and solidification of heat accumulating material during the heated and cooled of tube bundles were performed. As the results of research, the basic laws of melting and crystallization processes in heat accumulator during phase transformations of heat accumulating material were determined.
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Petrovic, Aleksandar, and Dragana Nikolic. "Geomorphologic study of tufa on the locality Bigreni stream (Donja Bela Reka)." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 89, no. 4 (2009): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0904061p.

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The tufa accumulations in the valley of Bigreni stream are morphogenetically complex. The great importance for the occurrence of tufa, as in majority of other accumulations in Eastern Serbia, has the vicinity of the karst spring. The presence of cascades in the gorge of Bigreni stream enabled primary formation of waterfall tufa. After partitioning the gorge, the phase of the barrier tufa accumulation began. The erosive phase is currently present and therefore, once unique accumulation has been divided into several smaller accumulations. The possibility for protection because of the vicinity of the protected capped spring and the beauty of tufa waterfalls indicate the potential for tourist exploitation of this locality.
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Gibo, David L., and Jody A. McCurdy. "Lipid accumulation by migrating monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-012.

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The migration of Danaus plexippus during the late summer in southern Ontario in 1986 lasted for about 8 weeks and consisted of three phases, an early phase characterized by increasing abundance, a middle phase of peak abundance, and a late phase characterized by declining abundance. As the season progressed, systematic changes were observed in wet mass, dry mass, lean dry mass, lipid mass, and forewing length. Wet mass, lean dry mass, and forewing length were similar for early- and middle-phase individuals, but declined in late-phase migrants. Lipid mass peaked in the middle phase of the migration and then declined abruptly in the late phase. Dry mass also peaked in the middle phase, reflecting changes in lipid mass and lean dry mass. We hypothesize that the observed changes in lipid mass and lean dry mass over the 8 weeks resulted from changes in population structure as well as seasonal changes in the weather, and in availability of nectar. Opposing conclusions reached in previous studies of lipid accumulation in D. plexippus are probably the result of failure to control for phase of migration.
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Novikov, Leonid, and Oleksandr Bokii. "Calculation of degassing networks taking into account the accumulation of the liquid phase." E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900063.

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The issue of accounting for the accumulation of liquid in the mine degassing network during gas-dynamic calculations is considered. Geometry of fluid accumulation in the cross section of degassing pipeline and the formulas for geometric parameters are presented. A scheme of wave generation on the liquid surface is considered. Dependence for the coefficient of resistance to interfacial friction on the liquid surface is proposed. Formulas for calculation of gas-dynamic parameters on the pipeline section are given. The results calculation of the resistance coefficients in the place accumulation of liquid, changes in flow and pressure of the gas mixture are presented. Calculations carried out for pipelines with accumulations of liquid.
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BLACK, J. R., C. B. AMMERMAN, P. R. HENRY, and R. C. LITTELL. "INFLUENCE OF DIETARY MANGANESE ON TISSUE TRACE MINERAL ACCUMULATION AND DEPLETION IN SHEEP." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-077.

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An experiment was conducted to investigate tissue trace mineral accumulation and depletion in sheep fed high dietary Mn in the form of reagent grade MnO. During the pre-trial phase, 32 wethers, 56 kg initially, were group-fed the basal corn-soybean meal diet (36 mg/kg Mn) for 8 days at which time eight sheep were slaughtered and tissues were taken to represent controls. For the remaining sheep, the experiment was divided into two phases of 6 wk and 12 wk; during the first phase (accumulation), the diet contained 8000 mg/kg supplemental Mn and during the second phase (depletion) the diet was the unsupplemented basal. Sheep were slaughtered at various intervals during both phases and tissue samples were taken. Manganese increased in all tissues measured during accumulation but decreased rapidly during the depletion phase. In general, liver and kidney Zn and Cu increased during the accumulation phase but tissue Fe decreased during this phase. MnO appeared to be a relatively safe supplemental source of Mn for sheep. Key words: Manganese, trace minerals, tissue minerals, sheep
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Fan, Zi Li. "Main Controlling Factors of Hydrocarbon Accumulation at Different Phases: A Study on the Main Fault Depression Zones of Central H Basin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.39.

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To understand the oil and gas accumulation rules and main controlling factors of H Basin at different phases, approaches such as reservoir dissection and analysis on the spatial allocation of reservoir accumulation conditions are adopted to divide the reservoir of the main fault depression zones of central H Basin into early and late phases. The widely-spread oil and gas at early phase are obviously more than that of the late phase. The main controlling factors of reservoir accumulation at early phase include source rocks area, antithetic faults - tilted upheavals and sand body of fan delta front subfacies while that of the late phase include sources rocks area, inverted structure and long-term developed fractures. The achievement of the study expounded in this paper is significantly important to correctly understand the oil and gas accumulation rules of complicated faulted-block fields and guide the oil and gas exploration activities.
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Nakahari, Takashi, Shoko Fujiwara, Chikao Shimamoto, Kumiko Kojima, Ken-Ichi Katsu, and Yusuke Imai. "cAMP modulation of Ca2+-regulated exocytosis in ACh-stimulated antral mucous cells of guinea pig." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 282, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): G844—G856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00300.2001.

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Effects of cAMP accumulation on ATP-dependent priming and Ca2+-dependent fusion in Ca2+-regulated exocytosis were examined in antral mucous cells of guinea pigs by using video-enhanced contrast microscopy. The Ca2+-regulated exocytosis activated by 1 μM ACh consisted of two phases, an initial transient phase followed by a sustained phase, which were potentiated by cAMP accumulation. Depletion of ATP by 100 μM dinitrophenol (uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation) or anoxia induced the sustained phase without the initial transient phase in Ca2+-regulated exocytosis. However, accumulation of cAMP before depletion of ATP induced and potentiated an initial transient phase followed by a sustained phase in Ca2+-regulated exocytosis. This suggests that the initial transient phase of Ca2+-regulated exocytosis is induced by fusion of all primed granules maintained by ATP and that accumulation of cAMP accelerates ATP-dependent priming of the exocytotic cycle. Moreover, ACh and Ca2+ dose-response studies showed that accumulation of cAMP shifted the dose-response curves to the low concentration side, suggesting that it increases Ca2+ sensitivity in the fusion of the exocytotic cycle. In conclusion, cAMP accumulation increases the number of primed granules and Ca2+ sensitivity of the fusion, which potentiates Ca2+-regulated exocytosis in antral mucous cells.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phase accumulation"

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Carceller, Jean-Luc. "Formation, accumulation, et caractérisation des polymères gluténiques du grain de blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L. )." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT003C.

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Nous avons étudié l'accumulation des protéines en général, et des glutéines en particulier au cours du dévelopement des grains de différents génotypes de blé tendre. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé différentes techniques analytiques (chromatographie liquide haute performance d'exclusion stérique ou phase inversée, électrophorèse capillaire et SDS-PAGE 2D). Dand le cadre de cette étude, nous avons démontré que la déshydratation du grain provoquait l'insolubilisation d'une partie des gluténines. A partir de l'analyse de l'évolution de la composition en sous-unités gluténiques des polymères au cours du développement du grain, nous avons également démontré que le rapport SG-HPM/SG-FPM conditionnait l'état d'association des gluténines (proportion des polymères inextractibles au SDS) à la maturité. Grâce à la mise en oeuvre d'un blocage in vitro et in vivo des groupements SH libres protéiques par le mBBr, nous avons démontré que la perte de solubilité des gluténines au cours de la déshydratation était liée à un phénomène d'oxydation. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons caractérisé la distribution moléculaire des différents polymères gluténiques. Les masses moléculaires moyennes et les rayons de giration moyens de ces polymères ont été mesurés grâce à l'utilisation couplée de la chromatographie liquide d'expulsion stérique (HPSEC) et de la diffusion de lumière (MALLS). Cette étude a montré que la solubilité des gluténines au SDS est plus liée au degré de compacité (réticulation) de ces polymères qu'à leur masse moléculaire. Enfin, les structures polymériques inextractibles au SDS sont caractérisées par un haut degré d'organisation.
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Tóth, Balázs. "Two-phase flow investigation in a cold-gas solid rocket motor model through the study of the slag accumulation process." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210575.

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The present research project is carried out at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (Rhode-Saint-Genèse, Belgium) with the financial support of the European Space Agency.

The first stage of spacecrafts (e.g. Ariane 5, Vega, Shuttle) generally consists of large solid propellant rocket motors (SRM), which often consist of segmented structure and incorporate a submerged nozzle. During the combustion, the regression of the solid propellant surrounding the nozzle integration part leads to the formation of a cavity around the nozzle lip. The propellant combustion generates liquefied alumina droplets coming from chemical reaction of the aluminum composing the propellant grain. The alumina droplets being carried away by the hot burnt gases are flowing towards the nozzle. Meanwhile the droplets may interact with the internal flow. As a consequence, some of the droplets are entrapped in the cavity forming an alumina puddle (slag) instead of being exhausted through the throat. This slag reduces the performances.

The aim of the present study is to characterize the slag accumulation process in a simplified model of the MPS P230 motor using primarily optical experimental techniques. Therefore, a 2D-like cold-gas model is designed, which represents the main geometrical features of the real motor (presence of an inhibitor, nozzle and cavity) and allows to approximate non-dimensional parameters of the internal two-phase flow (e.g. Stokes number, volume fraction). The model is attached to a wind-tunnel that provides quasi-axial flow (air) injection. A water spray device in the stagnation chamber realizes the models of the alumina droplets, which are accumulating in the aft-end cavity of the motor.

To be able to carry out experimental investigation, at first the the VKI Level Detection and Recording(LeDaR) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurement techniques had to be adapted to the two-phase flow condition of the facility.

A parametric liquid accumulation assessment is performed experimentally using the LeDaR technique to identify the influence of various parameters on the liquid deposition rate. The obstacle tip to nozzle tip distance (OT2NT) is identified to be the most relevant, which indicates how much a droplet passing just at the inhibitor tip should deviate transversally to leave through the nozzle and not to be entrapped in the cavity.

As LeDaR gives no indication of the driving mechanisms, the flow field is analysed experimentally, which is supported by numerical simulations to understand the main driving forces of the accumulation process. A single-phase PIV measurement campaign provides detailed information about the statistical and instantaneous flow structures. The flow quantities are successfully compared to an equivalent 3D unsteady LES numerical model.

Two-phase flow CFD simulations suggest the importance of the droplet diameter on the accumulation rate. This observation is confirmed by two-phase flow PIV experiments as well. Accordingly, the droplet entrapment process is described by two mechanisms. The smaller droplets (representing a short characteristic time) appear to follow closely the air-phase. Thus, they may mix with the air-phase of the recirculation region downstream the inhibitor and can be carried into the cavity. On the other hand, the large droplets (representing a long characteristic time) are not able to follow the air-phase motion. Consequently, a large mean velocity difference is found between the droplets and the air-phase using the two-phase flow measurement data. Therefore, due to the inertia of the large droplets, they may fall into the cavity in function of the OT2NT and their velocity vector at the level of the inhibitor tip.

Finally, a third mechanism, dripping is identified as a contributor to the accumulation process. In the current quasi axial 2D-like set-up large drops are dripping from the inhibitor. In this configuration they are the main source of the accumulation process. Therefore, additional numerical simulations are performed to estimate the importance of dripping in more realistic configurations. The preliminary results suggest that dripping is not the main mechanism in the real slag accumulation process. However, it may still lead to a considerable contribution to the final amount of slag.


Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Mohamed, Fathimath. "Accumulation of trace elements in aquatic food chains due to sea-fill activities." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Chemistry, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/11125.

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Elevated levels of trace elements in the environment are of great concern because of their persistence, and their high potential to harm living organisms. The exposure of aquatic biota to trace elements can lead to bioaccumulation, and toxicity can result. Furthermore, the transfer of these elements through food chains can result in exposure to human consumers. Sea-fill or coastal fill sites are among the major anthropogenic sources of trace elements to the surrounding marine environment. For example, in the Maldives, Thilafushi Island is a sea-fill site consisting of assorted municipal solid waste, with multiple potential sources of trace elements. However, there is limited data on environmental trace element levels in the Maldives, and although seafood is harvested from close to this site, there is no existing data regarding trace element levels in Maldivian diets. Following the Christchurch earthquakes of 2011,
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Djerrada, Abderrahmane. "Stockage thermique de l'energie solaire." Paris, ENSAM, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENAM0014.

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Etablissement des equations de fonctionnement de chacun des elements du circuit solaire comportant: un champ de collecteurs, un accumulateur de chaleur eau/paraffine ou air paraffine et un habistat. Deux modeles numeriques sont proposes pour caracteriser ces deux types d'accumulateur. La modelisation de l'accumulateur eau/paraffine est basee sur l'etude d'un cylindre de reference compose d'un tube a eau entoure d'un volume cylindrique de paraffine. Le systeme d'equations aux derivees partielles deduit a partir d'un maillage longitudinal et radial a ete resolu par la methode des elements finis. Un logiciel de simulation a ete developpe pour le dimensionnement des installations utilisant ce type de stockage
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Mayer, Didier. "Etude des proprietes thermophysiques de materiaux a transition solide-solide en vue d'applications au stockage de la chaleur." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0063.

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La determination de ces proprietes de cristaux plastiques de la famille des polyols a debouche sur la selection de trois composes organiques : le pentaerythritol, le pentaglycerine et le neopentylglycol, a partir desquels des melanges de solutions solides stables sont possibles. Le niveau de temperature peut etre choisi dans une gamme allant de 25**(o)c a 95**(o)c et de 165**(o)c a 185**(o)c; les enthalpies de transition sont comprises entre 80 kj/kg et 250 kj/kg. Mise en oeuvre avec incorporation de 80% de resines synthetiques en masse. Resultats
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Sklenářová, Lenka. "Možnosti aplikace systémů s akumulací tepla v jaderné energetice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230557.

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This dissertation covers the application of heat accumulation systems in nuclear power engineering, namely in nuclear power plants. It is mainly a case of passive emergency systems, whose task is to accumulate the heat produced in the reactor’s active zone and in spent fuel pools during DBA (design-basis accidents) or beyond DBA. A particular example of heat accumulation is steam condensation after LOCA (loss of coolant accident). The primary circuit steam leakage increases containment pressure and has to be decreased by the steam condensation. This thesis deals with a theoretical substitute for ice condensers, which are used as a passive safety measure in some nuclear power plants. The substitute involves a choice of an alternative material, whose melting temperature (for heat accumulation) is closer to nuclear power plant operating temperatures. The other part of the dissertation discusses heat accumulation in spent fuel pools in case of all cooling systems failure.
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Achard, Patrick. "Etude et caractérisation de parois d'enveloppe de bâtiment intégrant un matériau à changement de phase et constituant une interface modulable permettant la captation de l'énergie solaire et la gestion des ambiances intérieures." ENMP, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ENMP0016.

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Analyse de l'évolution des materiaux et des techniques ainsi que des consequences induites par celles-ci sur la conception du bati. Importance du concept de masse (ou inertie) quant a son influence sur le comportement thermique du batiment vis a vis du rayonnement solaire. Etat des connaissances sur les materiaux presentant un changement de phase, utilisables dans les parois du batiment. Modelisation physique, experimentation sur modeles reduits et a l'echelle 1; methodes numeriques de traitement du signal
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Ferreira, Ana Lúcia Morgado. "Isolation and characterization of PHAs-accumulating bacteria from HSSL." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13401.

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Mestrado em Biotecnologia - Biotecnologia Industrial e Ambiental
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers. PHAs emerge as a possible solution as substitutes of petroleum based plastics, being produced under the Biorefinery concept, in which wastes and by-products of numerous industries may be used as carbon source. This project aimed the isolation and characterization of organisms able to store PHAs from Hardwood Sulphite Spent Liquor (HSSL), a by-product of the pulp and paper industry. Isolation was performed from a Mixed Microbial Culture (MMC) selected under feast and famine conditions, using some components present in HSSL as substrates, such as acetic acid and xylose. Five pure isolates able to produce PHAs resulted from the successive streaking in solid medium containing HSSL. The purity of the isolates was evaluated through Gram staining and FISH analysis and the PHAs accumulation by Nile Blue staining. Two strains were identified as Rhohococcus spp. and three as Pseudomonas spp.. One isolate of each genus was selected and further studied in terms of growth and PHAs accumulation capability from three distinct carbon sources (HSSL, acetic acid and xylose). Both isolates, Rhodococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp., were able to grow and use the three carbon sources as well as to produce PHAs. However, both strains showed a higher maximum specific growth rate (μmax) when HSSL was used as carbon source, 0.212 ± 0.0219 h-1 and 0.251 ± 0.0526 h-1, respectively. A qualitative evaluation of the PHAs accumulation through Nile Blue staining exhibited a higher accumulation when acetic acid was used as sole carbon source. In an attempt to identify some of the species responsible for PHAs accumulation of the selected MMC, belonging to the dominant class, Alphaproteobacteria, a 16S rDNA clone library was constructed. It was possible to identity Novosphingobium spp., Sphingobium spp. and Pleomorphomonas spp.
Polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs) são biopolímeros biodegradáveis e biocompatíveis. Os PHAs são considerados uma solução possível como substitutos dos plásticos derivados do petróleo, podendo ser produzidos no âmbito do conceito de Biorefinaria utilizando resíduos como fonte de carbono. Este trabalho teve como objectivo o isolamento e a caracterização de bactérias produtoras de PHAs a partir de licor de cozimento ao sulfito ácido (HSSL), um sub-produto da indústria papeleira. Os isolamentos foram realizados partindo de uma cultura mista seleccionada para a acumulação de PHAs por imposição de ciclos de fome e fartura, utilizando alguns dos componentes do HSSL como substrato, nomeadamente a xilose e o ácido acético. Após repicagens sucessivas em meio sólido contendo HSSL, foi possível obter cinco isolados puros capazes de acumular PHAs. A pureza dos isolados foi avaliada através de coloração de Gram e análise FISH e a capacidade de acumulação de PHAs por coloração de Azul do Nilo. Duas estirpes foram identificadas como Rhohococcus spp. e três como Pseudomonas spp.. Um isolado de cada género foi seleccionado e estudado em termos de crescimento e capacidade de acumulação de PHAs, a partir de três fontes de carbono distintas (HSSL, ácido acético e xilose). Verificou-se que ambos os isolados, Rhodococcus spp. e Pseudomonas spp., foram capzes de crescer nos três meios e produziram PHAs. Contudo, ambas as estirpe apresentaram uma taxa específica de crescimento (μmax) superior com HSSL como fonte de carbono, 0.212 ± 0.0219h-1 e 0.251 ± 0.0526h-1 respectivamente. Uma avaliação qualitativa da acumulação de PHAs utilizando coloração Azul do Nilo mostrou uma acumulação maior nos ensaios em que o ácido acético era a única fonte de carbono. Numa tentativa de identificar algumas das espécies responsáveis pela acumulação de PHAs da cultura mista seleccionada pertencentes à classe dominante, Alfaproteobactéria, recorreu-se à construção de uma biblioteca de clones 16S rDNA. Foram identificadas as espécies Novosphingobium spp., Sphingobium spp e Pleomorphomonas spp.
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Jang, Ha Won. "Phases of capital accumulation in Korea and evolution of government growth strategy, 1963-1990." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307330.

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Gutjahr, Sylvain. "Analyse des caractères d’intérêt morphogénétiques et biochimiques pour le développement des sorghos sucrés à double usage « grain-bioalcool »." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20061/document.

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Dans l'optique de produire des agro‐carburants, le sorgho sucré est aujourd'hui proposé comme une alternative à d'autres espèces cultivées à grande échelle comme la canne à sucre et le maïs car il présente plusieurs avantages : le sorgho est résistant à la sécheresse et à la chaleur, il nécessite peu d'intrants, a en moyenne un cycle de culture relativement court (3‐4 mois) comparé à la canne à sucre. Il offre une grande diversité génétique à explorer et exploiter, tout en étant génétiquement moins complexe que la canne à sucre. Finalement, il peut être cultivé pour un double usage, le grain pouvant être utilisé comme source d'alimentation pour l'homme ou le bétail (à partir du grain) et le jus sucré contenu par les tiges comme source d'agrocarburant. Cette polyvalence en fait une culture idéale pour lutter contre la compétition entre cultures énergétiques et cultures vivrières et assurer des rendements dans des environnements de culture sujets au stress hydrique et thermique comme c'est le cas en Afrique de l'Ouest. Cependant, le caractère sucré du sorgho est complexe, car sous l'influence d'interactions Génotype X Environnement (GxE). Aussi, les mécanismes métaboliques, morphologiques ou phénologiques constituant la cinétique d'accumulation des glucides dans la tige et son éventuelle compétition avec le remplissage des grains restent mal connus ou très controversés dans la littérature. La présente thèse, réalisée dans le cadre du projet européen Sweetfuel, vise à comprendre ces mécanismes, afin de contribuer à la définition d'idéotypes de sorgho double usage, pour les environnements soudano‐sahéliens.Sur la base d'études expérimentales au champ au Mali et en serre en France, il a pu être démontré que les glucides sont accumulés dans les entrenoeuds des tiges par un jeu d'activités enzymatiques (favorisant l'accumulation d'hexoses puis de saccharose) dès le début de leur élongation, donc potentiellement avant la floraison. Au Mali, l'étude au champ de 14 génotypes adaptés aux conditions locales, plus ou moins sensibles à la photopériode et semés à trois dates différentes, a démontré le bénéfice d'un rallongement de la phase végétative sur la quantité de sucre accumulée dans les tiges de la plante à floraison, du fait d'un plus grand nombre d'entrenoeuds allongés et du temps à leur disposition pour accumuler des glucides avant ce stade. Ce bénéfice était cependant plus lié à la plus grande quantité de biomasse accumulée (taille des tiges) qu'à la concentration en sucre dans les entrenoeuds (plutôt stable entre dates de semis).Ainsi, la durée de la phase végétative et la sensibilité à la photopériode sont proposés comme des paramètres clés favorisant la quantité de glucides accumulée dans les tiges de la plante à floraison. D'autre part, il a été montré que la quantité de glucides présente à maturité dans les tiges des mêmes génotypes ne différait pas ou peu de celle à floraison, une éventuelle réduction pour quelques génotypes n'étant généralement pas significative et évitable par l'allongement du cycle. De plus, cette quantité de glucides dans les tiges à maturité n'a tiré aucun bénéfice de l'ablation de la panicule à floraison chez les mêmes génotypes. Ces résultats suggèrent que la compétition entre le remplissage du grain et la production de sucre est faible chez le sorgho, d'autant plus faible que la plante présente de grandes tiges et donc un grand compartiment de stockage des glucides, tamponnant cette éventuelle compétition. D'ailleurs, à une échelle plus fine, aucune différence n'a pu être mise en évidence en termes d'activité des principales enzymes du métabolisme carboné dans la tige d'un génotype dans sa version stérile (pas de remplissage du grain) et fertile.Ce travail a démontré le potentiel du sorgho pour une double utilisation dans un contexte soudano‐sahélien et la pertinence d'exploiter la diversité génétique de cette espèce pour cette objectif de sélection. Les résultats ob
Sweet sorghum offers many advantages as an alternative to widely cultivated crops such as corn and sugarcane to produce biofuels: it is resistant to water stress, it requires few inputs; it has a shorter growth cycle compared to sugarcane in particular. Sorghum also exhibits a great genetic diversity and is genetically less complex than sugarcane. Finally, sorghum can be cultivated for dual‐purpose uses, using grains for food or feed and sweet juice for biofuel production. Hence, sorghum is a promising option to reduce the competition for land and (water) resource use between food and fuel, in particular in cropping environments with high drought and heat stress frequency, as in West Africa. However, stem sweetness is a complex trait prone to genotype x environment interactions (GxE). The metabolic, morphological and phenological mechanisms involved in the kinetic of stem sugar accumulation and its possible competition with grain filling are largely unknown or controversial in the literature. The present work is part of the European project Sweetfuel and aims at better understanding these mechanisms and contributing to define dual‐purpose sorghum ideotypes for soudano‐sahelian conditions.Based on field and greenhouse experiments respectively in Mali and France, it was found that sugars start accumulating in stem internodes at the onset of their elongation, i.e. potentially soon before the plant flowers. The successive accumulation of hexose and then sucrose in internodes could be dynamically explained by changes in the activity of key enzymes related to sucrose metabolism. In Mali, a field experiment performed on 14 genotypes, contrasted for photoperiod sensitivity and sown at three planting dates, highlighted the interest of increasing vegetative phase duration to increase sugar yield. This was explained first of all by the higher number of internodes that could expand during a longer vegetative phase, and thus, by the higher production of stem biomass, and, to a minor extent, by the longer time for internodes to mature and accumulate sugar (sugar concentration in the stem was however fairly stable across sowing dates). Also, vegetative phase duration and photoperiod sensitivity can be considered as two key parameters promoting stem sugar content before grain filling. In the same time, it was shown that stem sugar content kept remarkably constant between anthesis and maturity in most of studied genotypes and that the reduction observed for some genotypes was overcome with an early sowing. Moreover, sugar accumulation in the stem between flowering and maturity did not benefit from panicle pruning. These results together suggest that the competition for carbohydrates between stem sugar reserves and grain filling is weak; it is even weaker for big/large stem genotypes with huge sugar reserves in the stem that would buffer a post‐flowering allocation of sugar from the stem to the grains if required. This low competition was confirmed at a finer scale, as no differences were observed in the activity of key enzymes of sucrose metabolism between the sterile and the fertile line of a same genotype.This work demonstrates the potential of sorghum for dual‐purpose in particular for soudano‐sahelian cropping conditions and the interest of using its genetic diversity for this breeding purpose. It provides further knowledge for revisiting the phenotyping strategies to be adopted to investigate the genetic basis of sugar and grain production and their combination. The results are also currently used to improve the way the source‐sink relationships underlying this dual production are formalized in crop and plant models at CIRAD. Such models will be then useful to assist sorghum ideotype exploration for dual purpose
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Books on the topic "Phase accumulation"

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Teti, Patrick Anthony. Effects of overstory mortality on snow accumulation and ablation: Phase 2. Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, 2009.

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Bhargava, Pavan, and Peter A. Calabresi. Multiple Sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0087.

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating neurological disorder of the brain and spinal cord, with both inflammatory and degenerative components. Current treatment strategies utilize immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents to reduce the inflammatory disease activity and retard accumulation of disability. Future challenges for treatment include identifying agents that will promote remyelination and axonal protection to help impact progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. This chapter discusses currently available disease modifying therapies, agents currently in phase 2/3 trials, and future directions in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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Kortgen, Andreas, and Michael Bauer. The effect of acute hepatic failure on drug handling in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0197.

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Impaired hepatic function is a common event in intensive care unit patients and as the liver plays a central role in drug metabolism and excretion this may lead to profound changes in pharmacokinetics. Underlying mechanisms are altered enzyme function of phase I and phase II metabolism, altered transporter protein function together with cholestasis and hepatic perfusion disorders. Moreover, multidrug therapy may lead to induction and inhibition of these enzymes and transporter proteins. In addition, changes in plasma protein binding and volumes of distribution of drugs are common. Altogether, these changes may not only lead to sometimes unpredictable plasma levels of xenobiotics, but also to drug-induced liver injury when hepatocellular accumulation of noxious substances occurs. Concomitant renal dysfunction may further complicate this situation. Pharmacodynamic alterations might also occur. In conclusion, the clinician must carefully evaluate medication given to patients with hepatic failure. Therapeutic drug monitoring should be performed wherever available to guide therapy.
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Venet, Fabienne, and Alain Lepape. Immunoparesis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0313.

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In parallel with an exaggerated pro-inflammatory response, critically-ill patients develop an immunosuppressive phase, termed immunoparesis/immunoparalysis or immune reprogramming. Innate and adaptive immune responses are affected. In particular, impaired neutrophil recruitment to injury sites and abnormal accumulation in remote sites; monocyte deactivation with preferential anti-inflammatory cytokine production and altered antigen presentation capacity; and a dramatic lymphopenia associated with major induction of apoptosis, functional, and phenotypic alterations have been described. The intensity and duration of this injury-induced immune dysfunction have been associated with an increased risk of death and secondary nosocomial infections. Innovative therapeutic strategies aiming at restoring immunological functions are currently being tested. GM-CSF appears to be an interesting candidate while IFN-γ‎ and IL-7 represent novel future therapeutic approaches. There is thus an urgent need for further clinical trials of such immunoadjuvant therapies that should include large cohorts of critically-ill patients stratified by relevant markers of immune dysfunction.
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Lei, Peng, Scott Ayton, and Ashley I. Bush. Metal-Protein Attenuating Compounds in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190233563.003.0015.

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Neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are progressive diseases of the aging population with currently few therapeutic options. While aggregation and deposition of disease-specific proteins link the pathologies of these diseases, targeting these aggregating proteins with therapeutics has not yet been successful in clinical trial. This chapter profiles metals (copper, zinc, and iron) as alternative drug targets for neurodegeneration. Complex changes to metals occur in these neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that perturbations to metal homeostasis contribute to the progression of neuronal dysfunction and death. Importantly, several phase II trials have shown that correcting metal dyshomeostasis improves clinical outcomes; the chapter argues that it is now time to explore the therapeutic utility of metal-based drugs in larger, phase III trials.
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Garabato, Natalia, Jonathan Gardner, and Steve Nyce. Global Developments in Employee Benefits. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827443.003.0012.

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While defined contribution plans are now the norm, many workers and retirees are insufficiently engaged with these plans during both the accumulation and decumulation phases. Indeed, given low growth, it is unclear whether stagnating incomes and increasingly diverse workforces will produce retirement and health plans that will meet employees’ financial needs. Instead employers are increasingly expressing interest in moving to a next generation of benefits, one characterized by greater flexibility and choice, to encompass a broader range of employee needs. This chapter discusses the emerging trends within occupational benefits, the forces that are driving these changes, and the challenges they pose.
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Barbiellini Amidei, Federico, John Cantwell, and Anna Spadavecchia. Innovation and Foreign Technology. Edited by Gianni Toniolo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199936694.013.0014.

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The chapter explores the long-run evolution of Italy's performance in technological innovation as a function of international technology transfer, reconstructing the different phases and dimensions of Italian innovative activity, tracking the transfer of foreign technological knowledge through a number of channels, analyzing the impact of imported technology. The study is based on a newly constructed dataset, over the 1861-2009 period, composed of variables related to innovation activity performance, foreign technology transfer, and domestic absorptive and innovative capability. The analysis highlights, also by econometric assessment, the significant contribution of foreign technology to innovation activity results. Machinery imports and the accumulation of technical human capital contributed positively to innovation activity; inward FDI contributed positively to productivity growth, but not to indigenous innovation activity results. Differences across channels of technology transfer and historical phases emerge, also in connection with the evolution of human capital endowment and domestic innovative capacity.
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Arroyo, Vicente, Mónica Guevara, and Javier Fernández. Renal failure in cirrhosis. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0247.

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A major event in liver cirrhosis is the development of a progressive deterioration of circulatory function due to splanchnic arterial vasodilation and impairment in cardiac function. This feature determines a homeostatic activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, and antidiuretic hormone. The splanchnic microcirculation is resistant to the vasoconstrictor effect of these systems. Therefore, the homeostasis of arterial pressure in cirrhosis occurs in the extrasplanchnic, mainly renal circulation. The activation of these systems produces renal fluid retention, which accumulates as ascites, and water retention and dilutional hyponatraemia. In the latest phase of cirrhosis, when circulatory dysfunction is severe, renal vasoconstriction is intense and patients develop type 2 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and refractory ascites.Type 1 HRS is an acute and rapidly progressive renal failure that occurs in the setting of a precipitating event, commonly an infection. Patients with type 1 HRS also present with rapid deterioration of liver function (encephalopathy, jaundice) and relative adrenal insufficiency. The mechanism of this multiorgan failure is an acute deterioration in circulatory function due to both an accentuation of arterial vasodilation and of cardiac dysfunction.There is no specific test for the diagnosis of HRS. The most accepted diagnostic criteria are those proposed by the International Ascites Club which are based on the exclusion of other types of renal failure. The course of renal failure following treatment of the precipitating event of HRS is another important diagnostic feature.The treatment of choice of tense ascites in cirrhosis is paracentesis associated with intravenous albumin infusion. Moderate sodium restriction and diuretics (spironolactone alone or associated with furosemide) are subsequently given to prevent re-accumulation of ascites. Diuretics are the treatment of choice in patients with moderate ascites. Patients with type 2 HRS and refractory ascites (not responding to diuretics) could be treated by frequent paracentesis or by the insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).Terlipressin plus albumin is the treatment of choice in type 1 HRS
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Shammas, Carole. Standard of Living, Consumption, and Political Economy Over the Past 500 Years. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0011.

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The phrase ‘standard of living’ is closely identified with a more-than-century-long debate in both the popular press and academic journals about the effects of the early stages of industrialization on the working class, especially in nineteenth-century Britain. This article explores when and why the consumption of material goods became the measure of the ‘standard of living’, and, secondly, what has led to its displacement in more recent times. These shifts provide insight into changing assumptions about the desirability of household accumulation. The article tracks the state of our knowledge about transformations in living standards from the early modern period on, and examines whether a longer and broad historical view has demoted industrialization as a causal factor. It looks at the promotion of well-being by limiting consumption, political economy and the emergence of a standard of living debate, human capital, public goods, poverty lines, and consumer sovereignty.
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Book chapters on the topic "Phase accumulation"

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Wagstaff, Samuel R., Robert B. Wagstaff, and Antoine Allanore. "Tramp Element Accumulation and Its Effects on Secondary Phase Particles." In Light Metals 2017, 1097–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51541-0_132.

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Lörincz, K. D., and P. Szabó. "Seismic Analysis of Multi-Phase Tectonism in the Central Part of the Pannonian Basin in Hungary." In Generation, Accumulation and Production of Europe’s Hydrocarbons III, 311–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77859-9_25.

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Antypov, Ievgen, Valery Gorobets, Yurii Bohdan, and Viktor Trokhaniak. "Influence of Nanoparticles on the Processes of Heat Accumulation During Material Phase Transformations." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 9–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57340-9_2.

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Neto, Fernando, Bruno Pereira, Rui Teixeira, and Rafael Rodrigues. "Thermal Performance Optimization Methods for Heat Exchangers with Accumulation in Phase Change Materials." In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Architecture, Materials and Construction, 408–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94514-5_41.

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Weisbrod, Noam, Modi Pillersdorf, Maria Dragila, Chris Graham, James Cassidy, and Clay A. Cooper. "Evaporation from Fractures Exposed at the Land Surface: Impact of Gas-Phase Convection on Salt Accumulation." In Dynamics of Fluids and Transport in Fractured Rock, 151–64. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/162gm14.

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Can, Aysegul, and Hugo Fanton. "Neoliberal Authoritarian Urbanism." In Edition Politik, 77–98. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839462096-007.

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This article discusses the correspondence between current patterns of urban governance and neoliberal authoritarianism, in an urbanism marked by the accentuation of coercion and legal administrative mechanisms that favour the reproduction of capital in urban space and restrict the space for popular action and resistance. To this end, we expose and analyse the cases of Turkey and Brazil, with emphasis on the correlation between urban governance and capital accumulation. The cases explored demonstrate the spatial dimension of capital reproduction, and how this directly impacts the lives of impoverished city inhabitants. We analyse the cases of Turkey and Brazil, based on the discussion of the commodification of territories, the expropriation of common goods and their re-appropriation by capital. To interpret the current phase of capital accumulation in cities, we present and discuss the concept of neoliberal authoritarian Urbanism, which combines historical urban actors such as landlords, developers, builders, banks with an increasingly authoritarian state in the development of large urban projects and real estate developments. This growing association between autocratic personalities of state power and private actors poses new challenges for understanding the production of urban space.
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Lipnicki, Zygmunt. "Phase Heat Accumulator." In Dynamics of Liquid Solidification, 119–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53432-9_8.

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Yadav, Ankit, Vikas, and Sushant Samir. "Ranking of Phase Change Materials for Medium Temperature Thermal Energy Accumulation System Using Shannon Entropy, TOPSIS, and VIKOR Methods." In Multi-Criteria Decision Modelling, 43–63. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003125150-3-3.

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Gu, Junjie, Shujun Wang, and Zhongxue Gan. "Two-Phase Flow in Accumulator." In Two-Phase Flow in Refrigeration Systems, 31–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8323-6_4.

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Brandonisio, Francesco, and Michael Peter Kennedy. "Efficient Modeling and Simulation of Accumulator-Based ADPLLs." In Noise-Shaping All-Digital Phase-Locked Loops, 111–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03659-5_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Phase accumulation"

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Murray, Graeme, Tia Turner, Tareq Saleh, Mohammad Alzubi, Amir Toor, David Gewirtz, J. Chuck Harrell, and Jason Reed. "Application of Quantitative Phase Imaging mass accumulation measurements to research and clinical problems in cancer." In Quantitative Phase Imaging V, edited by Gabriel Popescu and YongKeun Park. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2514597.

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Hu, Yue, Farshad Farahbakhshian, and Un-Ku Moon. "Time amplifiers based on phase accumulation." In 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2014.6865643.

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Bühlmann, Kevin, Francisco Carrión, Grégoire Saerens, Andreas Fognini, Andreas Vaterlaus, and Yves Acremann. "Observation of spin voltage and accumulation by spin-resolved femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy." In Advances in Ultrafast Condensed Phase Physics III, edited by Vladislav Yakovlev and Stefan Haacke. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2621317.

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Churayev, Sergey, Sergey Biryuchinskiy, Konstantin Melnikov, and Timour Paltashev. "Phase shift accumulation method for timing characterization." In 2011 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Photonics (ICP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icp.2011.6106857.

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Lepeshkin, Nick N., Aaron Schweinsberg, Giovanni Piredda, and Robert W. Boyd. "Metal-dielectric composites as materials for nonlinear phase accumulation." In Photonic Metamaterials: From Random to Periodic. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/meta.2006.wb1.

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Kores, C. C., N. Ismail, E. H. Bernhardi, F. Laurell, and M. Pollnau. "Accumulation of distributed phase shift in distributed-feedback lasers." In Advanced Solid State Lasers. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assl.2018.ath2a.27.

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Kocaman, Serdar, Mehmet Aras, Pin-Chun Hsieh, Nicolae C. Panoiu, Mingbin Yu, Dim-Lee Kwong, Aaron Stein, and Chee Wei Wong. "Zero phase accumulation in negative-index photonic crystal superlattices." In Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/qels.2011.qtui6.

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Thanhikam, Weerawut. "Noise suppressor using zero phase signal and temporal accumulation technique." In 2013 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispacs.2013.6704544.

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Caglar, Egemen, Yi Zeng, and J. M. Khodadadi. "Computational Investigation of Oil Accumulation in a Subsea Deadleg." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96804.

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Abstract Both 2- and 3-dimensional computational studies of two-phase flow within a horizontal pipe with a vertical deadleg placed downstream of an oil/water supply source were considered as part of a model subsea petroleum production system. Two-phase continuity and momentum relations were solved using the open-source computational software OpenFOAM. The unsteady flow behavior of the two-phase dispersed mixture which consists of 90%–10% slurry of 32.8 API crude oil-water at the inlet port (Reynolds number of 2.1 × 105) was investigated. With the 2-D simulations, the effects of the average inlet velocity, diameter of the deadleg and length of the deadleg on the oil fraction within the deadleg and the stagnant zones were studied. Results of the 3-D unsteady simulations exhibited the complex vortical flow field and separation of the two phases that evolved within the deadleg leading to migration of separated oil to the top of the deadleg.
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Federico, Salvatore. "A pension fund in the accumulation phase: a stochastic control approach." In Advances in Mathematics of Finance. Warsaw: Institute of Mathematics Polish Academy of Sciences, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/bc83-0-5.

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Reports on the topic "Phase accumulation"

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Stone, Elaine. Develop a Business Plan. Phase 1. Information Accumulation and Integration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada249098.

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García-Mantilla, Daniel. PLAC Network Best Practices Series: Target-Income Design of Incentives, Benchmark Portfolios and Performance Metrics for Pension Funds. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003599.

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In defined contribution systems, at the end of the accumulation phase the assets in the retirement account are exchanged for a pension. The conversion rate from assets to retirement income (which depends on the level of interest rates) is very volatile, and its variations constitute the main investment risk facing pension fund affiliates. In this sense, performance metrics, management fees and benchmark portfolios that focus on assets (and asset returns) and ignore the variations in the conversion rate, embed several problems: i. they send wrong signals to regulators, fund managers and workers, ii. they provide wrong incentives to pension fund management companies, and iii. they leave pension fund affiliates exposed to their largest risk factor, even during the last few years preceding their retirement date. We find that regulatory incentives with these fundamental problems are ubiquitous in the region. The document presents a series of best practices, and delivers a practical set of tools to assist regulators and supervisors in designing a framework that improves security and sufficiency of retirement income, and provides relevant and timely information to pension fund affiliates. The framework achieves that by fostering an integration of the accumulation and the payout phases, and an alignment of the regulatory incentives for pension fund management companies with the retirement income objectives of pension fund affiliates. Using historical data from Colombia as a case study, the document illustrates and quantifies the improvements in terms of pension benefits and retirement income security that the proposed framework could bring.
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Yermiyahu, Uri, Thomas Kinraide, and Uri Mingelgrin. Role of Binding to the Root Surface and Electrostatic Attraction in the Uptake of Heavy Metal by Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7586482.bard.

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The principal accomplishment of the research supported by BARD was progress toward a comprehensive view of cell-surface electrical effects (both in cell walls [CWs] and at plasma membrane [PM] surfaces) upon ion uptake, intoxication, and amelioration. The research confirmed that electrostatic models (e.g., Gouy-Chapman-Stern [G-C-S]), with parameter values contributed by us, successfully predict ion behavior at cell surfaces. Specific research objectives 1. To characterize the sorption of selected heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) to the root PM in the presence of other cations and organic ligands (citric and humic acids). 2. To compute the parameters of a G-C-S model for heavy-metal sorption to the root PM. 3. To characterize the accumulation of selected heavy metals in various plant parts. 4. To determine whether model-computed ion binding or ion activities at root PM surfaces predict heavy-metal accumulation in whole roots, root tips, or plant shoots. 5. To determine whether measured ion binding by protoplast-free roots (i.e., root CWs) predicts heavy-metal accumulation in whole roots, root tips, or plant shoots. 6. To correlate growth inhibition, and other toxic responses, with the measured and computed factors mentioned above. 7. To determine whether genotypic differences in heavy-metal accumulation and toxic responses correlate with genotypic differences in parameters of the G-C-S model. Of the original objectives, all except for objective 7 were met. Work performed to meet the other objectives, and necessitated on the basis of experimental findings, took the time that would have been required to meet objective 7. In addition, work with Pb was unsuccessful due to experimental complications and work on Cd is still in progress. On the other hand, the uptake and toxicity of the anion, selenate was characterized with respect to electrostatic effects and the influences of metal cations. In addition, the project included more theoretical work, supported by experimentation, than was originally planned. This included transmembrane ion fluxes considered in terms of PM-surface electrical potentials and the influence of CWs upon ion concentrations at PM surfaces. A important feature of the biogeochemistry of trace elements in the rhizosphere is the interaction between plant-root surfaces and the ions present in the soil solution. The ions, especially the cations, of the soil solution may be accumulated in the aqueous phases of cell surfaces external to the PMs, sometimes referred to as the "water free space" and the "Donnan free space". In addition, ions may bind to the CW components or to the PM surface with variable binding strength. Accumulation at the cell surface often leads to accumulation in other plant parts with implications for the safety and quality of foods. A G-C-S model for PMs and a Donnan-plus-binding model for CWs were used successfully to compute electrical potentials, ion binding, and ion concentration at root-cell surfaces. With these electrical potentials, corresponding values for ion activities may be computed that are at least proportional to actual values also. The computed cell-surface ion activities predict and explain ion uptake, intoxication, and amelioration of intoxication much more accurately than ion activities in the bulk-phase rooting medium.
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Frisancho, Verónica, and Virginia Queijo Von Heideken. Closing Gender Gaps in the Southern Cone: An Untapped Potential for Growth. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004042.

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In this volume, we study gender gaps in the Southern Cone countries which include Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay. We assess the importance of gender inequalities and present evidence on their economic consequences, their drivers, and the policy tools that can contribute to mitigating them. Gender gaps in access to public services, human capital accumulation, and the labor market limit overall productivity and economic growth, and policies that mitigate these inequalities have the potential to foster economic development and wellbeing. In our current context, a global pandemic has highlighted and even widened gender gaps, meaning policymakers are in urgent need of a new set of policies that can foster gender parity in the recovery phase. This volume is thus a timely compendium of solid evidence to design policies that can effectively tackle gender disparities in Southern Cone countries.
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Frisancho, Verónica, and Virginia Queijo Von Heideken. Closing Gender Gaps in the Southern Cone: An Untapped Potential for Growth (Executive Summary). Inter-American Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004177.

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In this volume, we study gender gaps in the Southern Cone countries which include Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay. We assess the importance of gender inequalities and present evidence on their economic consequences, their drivers, and the policy tools that can contribute to mitigating them. Gender gaps in access to public services, human capital accumulation, and the labor market limit overall productivity and economic growth, and policies that mitigate these inequalities have the potential to foster economic development and wellbeing. In our current context, a global pandemic has highlighted and even widened gender gaps, meaning policymakers are in urgent need of a new set of policies that can foster gender parity in the recovery phase. This volume is thus a timely compendium of solid evidence to design policies that can effectively tackle gender disparities in Southern Cone countries.
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Al-Qadi, Imad, Egemen Okte, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Qingwen Zhou, and Watheq Sayeh. Truck Platooning on Flexible Pavements in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-010.

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Truck platoons have many benefits over traditional truck mobility. Truck platoons have the potential to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption between 5% and 15%, based on platoon configuration. In Illinois, trucks carry more than 50% of freight tonnage and constitute 25% of the traffic on interstates. Therefore, expected fuel savings would be significant for trucks. Deployment of truck platoons within interstate highways may have a direct effect on flexible pavement performance, as the time between consecutive axle loads (i.e., resting time) is expected to decrease significantly. Moreover, platoons could potentially accelerate pavement damage accumulation due to trucks’ channelized position, decreasing pavement service life and increasing maintenance and rehabilitation costs. The main objective of this project was to quantify the effects of truck platoons on pavements and to provide guidelines to control corresponding potential pavement damage. Finite-element models were utilized to quantify the impact of rest period on pavement damage. Recovered and accumulated strains were predicted by fitting exponential functions to the calculated strain profiles. The results suggested that strain accumulation was negligible at a truck spacing greater that 10 ft. A new methodology to control pavement damage due to truck platoons was introduced. The method optimizes trucks’ lateral positions on the pavements, and an increase in pavement service life could be achieved if all platoons follow this optimization method. Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis were conducted for fully autonomous, human-driven, and mixed-traffic regimes. For example, for an analysis period of 45 years, channelized truck platoons could save life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 28% and 21% compared with human-driven trucks, respectively. Furthermore, optimum truck platoon configuration could reduce life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 48% and 36%, respectively, compared with human-driven trucks. In contrast, channelized traffic could increase pavement roughness, increasing fuel consumption by 15%, even though platooning vehicles still benefit from reduction in air drag forces. Given that truck platoons are expected to be connected only in the first phase, no actions are required by the agency. However, in the second phase when truck platoons are also expected to be autonomous, a protocol for driving trends should be established per the recommendation of this study.
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Bharadwaj, V. Longitudinal Phase Space in Booster to Debuncher/Accumulator Beam Transfers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948895.

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Yaron, Zvi, Martin P. Schreibman, Abigail Elizur, and Yonathan Zohar. Advancing Puberty in the Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon Piceus) and the Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis). United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568102.bard.

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The black carp (bc)GtH IIb cDNA was amplified and isolated, cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the bcGtH IIb deduced a.a. sequence with that of GtH IIb from other teleosts revealed high homology to cyprinid species and a lower homology to salmonid or perciform fish. The gene coding for the GtH IIb was isolated and sequenced. Three bc recombinant phages which hybridized to the goldfish GtH Ib cDNA probe were isolated and are currently being characterized. The region coding for the mature GtH IIb was expressed in a bacterial expression vector resulting in the production of a recombinant protein. In vitro folding resulted in a protein only 1.3% of which displaced the native common carp GtH II in a RIA. Therefore, the common carp GtH RIA was utilized for the physiological studies at the current phase of the project. Two non-functional sites were identified along the brain-pituitary gonadal axis in the immature black carp. The pituitary is refractory to GnRH stimulation due to a block proximal to the activation of PKA and PKC probably at the level of GnRH receptors. The gonads, although capable of producing steroids, are refractory to gonadotropic stimulation but do respond to cAMP antagonists, indicating a block at the GtH receptor level. Attempts to advance puberty in 2 and 3 y old black carp showed that testosterone (T) stimulates GtH synthesis in the pituitary and increases its sensitivity to GnRh. A 2 month treatment combining T+GnRH increased the circulating GFtH level in 3 y old fish. Addition of domperidone to such a treatment facilitated both the accumulation of GtH in the pituitary and its response to GnRH. The cDNA of striped bass GtH a, Ib and IIb subunits were amplified, isolated, cloned and sequenced, and their deduced a.a. sequences were compared with those of other teleosts. A ribonuclease protection assay was developed for a sensitive and simultaneous determination of all GtH subunits, and of b-actin mRNAs of the striped bass. GnRH stimulated dramatically the expression of the a and GtH IIb subunits but the level of GtH Ib mRNA increased only moderately. These findings suggest that GtH-II, considered in salmonids to be involved only in final stages of gametogenesis, can be induced by GnRH to a higher extent than GtH-I in juvenile striped bass. The native GtH II of the striped bass was isolated and purified, and an ELISA for its determination was developed. The production of all recombinant striped bass GtH subunits is in progress using the insect cell (Sf9) culture and the BAC-TO-BAC baculovirus expression system. A recombinant GtH IIb subunit has been produced already, and its similarity to the native subunit was confirmed. The yield of the recombinant glycoprotein can reach 3.5 mg/ml after 3 days culture. All male striped bass reach puberty after 3 y. However, precocious puberty was discovered in 1 and 2 y old males. Females become vitellogenic during their 4th year. In immature 2 y old females, T treatment elevates the pituitary GtH II content while GnRH only potentiates the effect. However, in males GnRH and not T affects GtH accumulation in the pituitary. Neither GnRH, nor T treatment resulted in gonadal growth in 2 y old striped bass, indicating that either the accumulated GtH II was not released, or if released, the gonads were refractory to GtH stimulation, similar to the situation in the immature black carp. In 3 y old female striped bass, 150 day GnRHa treatment resulted in an increase in GSI, while T treatment, with or without GnRHa, resulted in a decrease in oocyte diameter, similar to the effect seen in the black carp. Further attempts to advance puberty in both fish species should take into account the positive effect of T on pituitary GtH and its negative effect of ovarian growth.
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Epel, Bernard L., Roger N. Beachy, A. Katz, G. Kotlinzky, M. Erlanger, A. Yahalom, M. Erlanger, and J. Szecsi. Isolation and Characterization of Plasmodesmata Components by Association with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Proteins Fused with the Green Fluorescent Protein from Aequorea victoria. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573996.bard.

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The coordination and regulation of growth and development in multicellular organisms is dependent, in part, on the controlled short and long-distance transport of signaling molecule: In plants, symplastic communication is provided by trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels termed plasmodesmata (Pd). Plant viruses spread cell-to-cell by altering Pd. This movement scenario necessitates a targeting mechanism that delivers the virus to a Pd and a transport mechanism to move the virion or viral nucleic acid through the Pd channel. The identity of host proteins with which MP interacts, the mechanism of the targeting of the MP to the Pd and biochemical information on how Pd are alter are questions which have been dealt with during this BARD project. The research objectives of the two labs were to continue their biochemical, cellular and molecular studies of Pd composition and function by employing infectious modified clones of TMV in which MP is fused with GFP. We examined Pd composition, and studied the intra- and intercellular targeting mechanism of MP during the infection cycle. Most of the goals we set for ourselves were met. The Israeli PI and collaborators (Oparka et al., 1999) demonstrated that Pd permeability is under developmental control, that Pd in sink tissues indiscriminately traffic proteins of sizes of up to 50 kDa and that during the sink to source transition there is a substantial decrease in Pd permeability. It was shown that companion cells in source phloem tissue export proteins which traffic in phloem and which unload in sink tissue and move cell to cell. The TAU group employing MP:GFP as a fluorescence probe for optimized the procedure for Pd isolation. At least two proteins kinases found to be associated with Pd isolated from source leaves of N. benthamiana, one being a calcium dependent protein kinase. A number of proteins were microsequenced and identified. Polyclonal antibodies were generated against proteins in a purified Pd fraction. A T-7 phage display library was created and used to "biopan" for Pd genes using these antibodies. Selected isolates are being sequenced. The TAU group also examined whether the subcellular targeting of MP:GFP was dependent on processes that occurred only in the presence of the virus or whether targeting was a property indigenous to MP. Mutant non-functional movement proteins were also employed to study partial reactions. Subcellular targeting and movement were shown to be properties indigenous to MP and that these processes do not require other viral elements. The data also suggest post-translational modification of MP is required before the MP can move cell to cell. The USA group monitored the development of the infection and local movement of TMV in N. benthamiana, using viral constructs expressing GFP either fused to the MP of TMV or expressing GFP as a free protein. The fusion protein and/or the free GFP were expressed from either the movement protein subgenomic promoter or from the subgenomic promoter of the coat protein. Observations supported the hypothesis that expression from the cp sgp is regulated differently than expression from the mp sgp (Szecsi et al., 1999). Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, it was determined that paired wall-appressed bodies behind the leading edge of the fluorescent ring induced by TMV-(mp)-MP:GFP contain MP:GFP and the viral replicase. These data suggest that viral spread may be a consequence of the replication process. Observation point out that expression of proteins from the mp sgp is temporary regulated, and degradation of the proteins occurs rapidly or more slowly, depending on protein stability. It is suggested that the MP contains an external degradation signal that contributes to rapid degradation of the protein even if expressed from the constitutive cp sgp. Experiments conducted to determine whether the degradation of GFP and MP:GFP was regulated at the protein or RNA level, indicated that regulation was at the protein level. RNA accumulation in infected protoplast was not always in correlation with protein accumulation, indicating that other mechanisms together with RNA production determine the final intensity and stability of the fluorescent proteins.
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Lahav, Ori, Albert Heber, and David Broday. Elimination of emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from confined animal and feeding operations (CAFO) using an adsorption/liquid-redox process with biological regeneration. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695589.bard.

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The project was originally aimed at investigating and developing new efficient methods for cost effective removal of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO), in particular broiler and laying houses (NH₃) and hog houses (H₂S). In both cases, the principal idea was to design and operate a dedicated air collection system that would be used for the treatment of the gases, and that would work independently from the general ventilation system. The advantages envisaged: (1) if collected at a point close to the source of generation, pollutants would arrive at the treatment system at higher concentrations; (2) the air in the vicinity of the animals would be cleaner, a fact that would promote animal growth rates; and (3) collection efficiency would be improved and adverse environmental impact reduced. For practical reasons, the project was divided in two: one effort concentrated on NH₃₍g₎ removal from chicken houses and another on H₂S₍g₎ removal from hog houses. NH₃₍g₎ removal: a novel approach was developed to reduce ammonia emissions from CAFOs in general, and poultry houses in particular. Air sucked by the dedicated air capturing system from close to the litter was shown to have NH₃₍g₎ concentrations an order of magnitude higher than at the vents of the ventilation system. The NH₃₍g₎ rich waste air was conveyed to an acidic (0<pH<~5) bubble column reactor where NH₃ was converted to NH₄⁺. The reactor operated in batch mode, starting at pH 0 and was switched to a new acidic absorption solution just before NH₃₍g₎ breakthrough occurred, at pH ~5. Experiments with a wide range of NH₃₍g₎ concentrations showed that the absorption efficiency was practically 100% throughout the process as long as the face velocity was below 4 cm/s. The potential advantages of the method include high absorption efficiency, lower NH₃₍g₎ concentrations in the vicinity of the birds, generation of a valuable product and the separation between the ventilation and ammonia treatment systems. A small scale pilot operation conducted for 5 weeks in a broiler house showed the approach to be technically feasible. H₂S₍g₎ removal: The main goal of this part was to develop a specific treatment process for minimizing H₂S₍g₎ emissions from hog houses. The proposed process consists of three units: In the 1ˢᵗ H₂S₍g₎ is absorbed into an acidic (pH<2) ferric iron solution and oxidized by Fe(III) to S⁰ in a bubble column reactor. In parallel, Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II). In the 2ⁿᵈ unit Fe(II) is bio-oxidized back to Fe(III) by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (AF).In the 3ʳᵈ unit S⁰ is separated from solution in a gravity settler. The work focused on three sub-processes: the kinetics of H₂S absorption into a ferric solution at low pH, the kinetics of Fe²⁺ oxidation by AF and the factors that affect ferric iron precipitation (a main obstacle for a continuous operation of the process) under the operational conditions. H₂S removal efficiency was found higher at a higher Fe(III) concentration and also higher for higher H₂S₍g₎ concentrations and lower flow rates of the treated air. The rate limiting step of the H₂S reactive absorption was found to be the chemical reaction rather than the transition from gas to liquid phase. H₂S₍g₎ removal efficiency of >95% was recorded with Fe(III) concentration of 9 g/L using typical AFO air compositions. The 2ⁿᵈ part of the work focused on kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation by AF. A new lab technique was developed for determining the kinetic equation and kinetic parameters (KS, Kₚ and mₘₐₓ) for the bacteria. The 3ʳᵈ part focused on iron oxide precipitation under the operational conditions. It was found that at lower pH (1.5) jarosite accumulation is slower and that the performance of the AF at this pH was sufficient for successive operation of the proposed process at the H₂S fluxes predicted from AFOs. A laboratory-scale test was carried out at Purdue University on the use of the integrated system for simultaneous hydrogen sulfide removal from a H₂S bubble column filled with ferric sulfate solution and biological regeneration of ferric ions in a packed column immobilized with enriched AFbacteria. Results demonstrated the technical feasibility of the integrated system for H₂S removal and simultaneous biological regeneration of Fe(III) for potential continuous treatment of H₂S released from CAFO. NH₃ and H₂S gradient measurements at egg layer and swine barns were conducted in winter and summer at Purdue. Results showed high potential to concentrate NH₃ and H₂S in hog buildings, and NH₃ in layer houses. H₂S emissions from layer houses were too low for a significant gradient. An NH₃ capturing system was designed and tested in a 100-chicken broiler room. Five bell-type collecting devices were installed over the litter to collect NH₃ emissions. While the air extraction system moved only 10% of the total room ventilation airflow rate, the fraction of total ammonia removed was 18%, because of the higher concentration air taken from near the litter. The system demonstrated the potential to reduce emissions from broiler facilities and to concentrate the NH₃ effluent for use in an emission control system. In summary, the project laid a solid foundation for the implementation of both processes, and also resulted in a significant scientific contribution related to AF kinetic studies and ferrous analytical measurements.
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