Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pharmacy'
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Bossaer, John B. "Oncology Pharmacy: Community Pharmacy Implications." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2337.
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Lohana, Bhairavi B. "Pharmacy Ownership Interest of Pharmacy Students." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1281415481.
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Theuma, Anthony S. "The future of pharmacy : pharmacy leaders' perceptions and experiences on the pharmacy lifeworld." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272705.
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Rifkin, Daniel Joshua. "Australian Pharmacy Leadership." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18259.
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Background Leadership is essential to the direction of teams, organisations and professions. Pharmacy leadership begins as pharmacists first engage with the profession. Aim The aim of this research was to investigate and identify areas that impact the leadership development of intern pharmacists. Methods The aim was addressed by employing qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative study set out to define pharmacy leadership, employing grounded theory to examine 29 in-depth interviews with pharmacy leaders. The qualitative findings informed the quantitative study which investigated the development relationship that exists between intern pharmacists and preceptor pharmacists. The quantitative study further investigated interns (n=430) development needs. The psychometric properties of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) were examined using Confirmatory and Exploratory Factor Analysis (CFA & EFA). Findings Six themes emerged from the qualitative study that constitute the Pharmacy Leadership Theory. 1) Pharmacy leadership definition; 2) Pharmacist identity; 3) Community pharmacy leadership; 4) Pharmacy industry influences; 5) The transformation challenge; and 6) Pharmacy leadership development. Pharmacy leaders believed that unstructured leadership development is needed, whilst interns were seeking structured leadership development. This provides some evidence of an inter-generational disconnect. Interns who received a transformational leadership style from their preceptors, reported an increased willingness to work harder, and believed their preceptors exhibited effective leadership. CFA of all known leadership models using the MLQ indicated a poor fit. The factorial structure of the MLQ was explored employing EFA which indicated 4 leadership factors that was confirmed to fit the data using CFA. A CFA on the 3 outcomes of leadership identified a high correlation approaching unity causing doubt that the factors are separate. Conclusions New insights into understanding pharmacy leadership and the formative leadership development relationship have been identified. These findings will inform preceptor training and subsequently improve intern development. Further research is needed to understand pharmacy leadership across the pharmacy workforce.
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Reilly, Paul Matthew 1955. "Assessing decision-making by hospital pharmacy directors in implementing clinical pharmacy services." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276575.
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Decision-making by hospital pharmacy directors when deciding which clinical pharmacy services to implement and/or continue to provide was assessed. Also examined was how these decision-making activities, hospital characteristics, pharmacy characteristics, and pharmacy director demographics might be associated with the number and quality of clinical pharmacy services provided, as well as the number of clinical services implemented under the current pharmacy director. Hospital pharmacy directors reported considering a relatively large number of perceived goals for a clinical service and also indicated they use a rather broad range of decision-making methodologies in evaluating those goals when determining clinical services. Numerous variables were found to be significantly associated with the number of clinical services provided by the pharmacy department and the number of clinical services implemented under the current pharmacy director. However, relatively few variables were found to be significantly related to the quality of clinical pharmacy services being provided.
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Bossaer, John B., and Anne P. Spencer. "Preferred Learning Styles of Pharmacy Students at Two U.S. Colleges of Pharmacy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2342.
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Objectives: To characterize the preferred learning styles of pharmacy students at two colleges of pharmacy in the southeastern United States. Method: The Pharmacists’ Inventory of Learning Styles (PILS) was developed and validated as an instrument specific to pharmacists. We administered the PILS via email using Survey Monkey. Pharmacy students at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) or South Carolina College of Pharmacy (SCCP-MUSC campus) were surveyed in 2007. Pharmacy students at the Gatton College of Pharmacy (GCOP) at East Tennessee State University (ETSU) were surveyed in 2010. An email was sent to each student on a Monday in the fall semester, followed by reminder emails each of the following three weeks. Students were not allowed to take the survey twice and participation was voluntary. Results: Response rates from MUSC and ETSU students were 48% and 71%, respectively. Pharmacy students at both MUSC and ETSU displayed similar preferred learning styles. The most common learning style at each institution was the Producer (61%), while the second most common learning style at each institution was the Director (30.5%), as defined by Austin. Implications: These results are the first to characterize the preferred learning styles of pharmacy students using the PILS. The almost identical results between both schools support the idea that the majority of pharmacy student in the southeastern United States prefer structured learning environments, which is true of both Producers and Directors. Future research assessing the relationship between preferred learning style and educational outcomes in different learning environments is warranted.
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Newall, Carol Anne. "Herbal medicines and pharmacy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286407.
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Elvey, Rebecca Evanthia. "Professional identity in pharmacy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/professional-identity-in-pharmacy(c60e6184-b3c6-405d-90e2-9858de251450).html.
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This thesis uses the findings from a study of pharmacists and non-pharmacists to explore the concept of professional identity in pharmacy. Pharmacists are well-established as providers of healthcare in hospitals and community pharmacies and their position as dispensers of prescribed medicines, and advisors on medicines in general seem relatively secure, as does their clinical role in hospital and their extended role in community pharmacy. However, previous studies have suggested that there is still ambiguity over the identity of pharmacists. Government policy in particular can be oblique and there seemed to be a need to clarify who pharmacists are. Consequently, a study was designed to address this topic. The concept of professional identity in pharmacy is made up of three dimensions: how pharmacists see themselves, how pharmacists believe others see them and how others do see pharmacists. This study investigated all three dimensions of professional identity in pharmacy.The research adopted a grounded theory approach and a qualitative study was undertaken in two stages. The first stage involved 21 pharmacists taking part in group interviews. The second stage involved 85 pharmacists, pharmacy support staff, nurses, doctors and lay pharmacy users participating in individual interviews. The data were analysed using the framework method.Analysis of the data generated for this study revealed nine identities for pharmacists: the medicines maker; the supplier; the scientist; the medicines advisor; the clinical practitioner; the minor medical practitioner; the unremarkable character; the business person and the manager. The pharmacists' identity as medicines advisor is considered the core identity which exists for pharmacists today and this manifests itself in different ways, depending on the setting or organisation worked in.
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Kaur, Gagandeep. "Chronotherapy in Pharmacy Practice." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16274.
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Chronotherapy is the administration of medications in accordance with biological rhythms to optimise therapeutic outcomes and/or control/minimise adverse effects. Community pharmacists play a significant role in public health and its promotion. They are in a unique position to provide their expertise and help patients manage illness, and medication administration/consumption. Despite the increasing recognition of chronotherapy in the literature and its application in clinical practice, the impact of these developments on health care professionals, particularly on pharmacists is largely unknown in Australia. The overarching aim of this thesis is to explore the evidence for the use of chronotherapy principles and the extent of their application in Australian pharmacy practice setting. The specific objectives of this research project included: To provide the research context for the thesis. To explore Australian drug-information sources for the currency of ‘time of administration’ recommendations based on chronotherapy for commonly prescribed medications. To explore the application of chronotherapy in pharmacy practice, including: Community pharmacists’ opinions of, and experience with, the application of chronotherapy principles in their practice. Development, implementation, and evaluation of an educational intervention on chronotherapy for final-year pharmacy students. To our knowledge, this study presents the first series of research steps investigating the application of principles of chronotherapy within the community pharmacy sector in Australia.
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Dooda, Nicole, Alexander Leonard, and Kim Nguyen. "Patient Satisfaction and Utilization of Pharmacy Care Services at an Independent Community Pharmacy." The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624170.
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Class of 2017 AbstractObjectives: To determine if there is a correlation between both awareness and utilization of pharmacy care services and patient satisfaction at an independent community pharmacy in Benson, Arizona. Subjects: Patients who visited the pharmacy within a 45-day period in 2016 and who have filled at least one prescription at that location. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was administered by pharmacy staff to assess patients’ satisfaction ratings on the pharmacy’s performance. The questionnaire also inquired about patients’ awareness and use of pharmacy services as well as demographic information including a history of specific disease states. Data were evaluated using analytic software. Results: Questionnaires were completed by 48 men (mean age = 65.8; SD = 12.57) and 69 women (mean age 60.3; SD = 15.06), with the mean number of select health conditions being 1.63 (SD = 1.16) and 1.49 (SD = 1.24), respectively. There was no correlation between the number of services for which a patient was aware, nor the number of services utilized, and overall satisfaction (p=0.466 and p=0.384, respectively). However, there was a significant positive correlation between awareness and utilization of pharmacy services (r=0.208, p=0.019). Over 74% of respondents rated satisfaction for all measures “excellent,” with professionalism of the pharmacist (92.1%) and pharmacy staff (89.9%) ranking highest. The only category that received a “poor” rating was how well the pharmacist explains medication side effects. Conclusions There was no apparent correlation between awareness of pharmacy care services and patient satisfaction at The Medicine Shoppe in Benson, nor between utilization of pharmacy services and satisfaction. However, patient satisfaction scored high in all categories surveyed.
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Snyder, Margie E., Caitlin K. Frail, Stephanie A. Gernant, Jennifer L. Bacci, Kim C. Coley, Lauren M. Colip, Stefanie P. Ferreri, et al. "Fellowships in Community Pharmacy Research: Experiences of Five Schools and Colleges of Pharmacy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1479.
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Objective To describe common facilitators, challenges, and lessons learned in 5 schools and colleges of pharmacy in establishing community pharmacy research fellowships.
Setting: Five schools and colleges of pharmacy in the United States.
Practice description: Schools and colleges of pharmacy with existing community partnerships identified a need and ability to develop opportunities for pharmacists to engage in advanced research training.
Practice innovation: Community pharmacy fellowships, each structured as 2 years long and in combination with graduate coursework, have been established at the University of Pittsburgh, Purdue University, East Tennessee State University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and The Ohio State University.
Evaluation: Program directors from each of the 5 community pharmacy research fellowships identified common themes pertaining to program structure, outcomes, and lessons learned to assist others planning similar programs.
Results: Common characteristics across the programs include length of training, prerequisites, graduate coursework, mentoring structure, and immersion into a pharmacist patient care practice. Common facilitators have been the existence of strong community pharmacy partnerships, creating a fellowship advisory team, and networking. A common challenge has been recruitment, with many programs experiencing at least one year without filling the fellowship position. All program graduates (n = 4) have been successful in securing pharmacy faculty positions.
Conclusion: Five schools and colleges of pharmacy share similar experiences in implementing community pharmacy research fellowships. Early outcomes show promise for this training pathway in growing future pharmacist-scientists focused on community pharmacy practice.
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Wilson, Debbie Louise. "Professional expertise and pharmacy technicians." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0008401.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2004.Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 173 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Cheong, Kah Wai. "Pharmacy Staff Perceptions on Complementary Framework and Advanced Scope for Hospital Pharmacy Support Staff." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/402726.
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Pharmacy assistants and technicians, as pharmacy support staff, play an important role in hospital pharmacy departments by alleviating pharmacists’ time to concentrate on more clinically oriented tasks. Whilst organisations such as the Society of Hospital Pharmacists Australia (SHPA) have recognised the need to further integrate pharmacy assistants and technicians into more advanced roles, such as medication reconciliation, there is currently limited research on the availability of training and consistency in service delivery provided by these support staff in Australian hospital settings. As a result, hospitals/organisations around the country have implemented individualised in-house training suited to their respective needs and environment.
In order for pharmacy support staff to be equipped to perform advanced roles, training frameworks and support from pharmacists are required. The aim of this study was to explore and compare the perceptions of roles and available training frameworks that support career advancement for pharmacy support staff, amongst pharmacists and support staff, in the hospital sector. A literature review was completed to inform international comparisons of roles, training frameworks and benefits of support staff advancement within the pharmacy profession. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with personnel from both private and public hospitals to explore key issues identified in the literature. A total of 25 participants consisting of ten pharmacists and 15 pharmacy support staff were recruited from a private (n=13) and a public (n=12) hospital in South East Queensland. Interviews were conducted either face-to-face or via telephone between October 2017 to August 2018 across both sites, with a mean duration of 39.85 minutes (range: of 20.08 to 60.04 minutes). All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and quality checked by a second researcher prior to data analysis using the qualitative software NVivo® 11. The general inductive approach was used for thematic data analysis, which allowed for the emergence of new themes and sub-themes within the research topic.
Findings from this research confirmed that the core duties of pharmacy support staff were dispensing and inventory management in both hospital settings, with greater clinical task involvement sought by participants. Tasks such as assisting with medication history taking, collating pathological results, research involvement, and discharge facilitation were considered as technical tasks within a clinical setting. Most participants supported the career advancement of pharmacy support staff irrespective of their own professional role, and believed that with appropriate training, this could include technical tasks in a clinical setting and administrative roles currently performed by pharmacists. Professional autonomy, time, and monetary incentives were commonly reported by participants as motivators, with lack of organisational support and course availability reported as common barriers for pharmacy support staff career progression. With some participants having international knowledge and experiences, emerging themes such as pharmacy technician registration and the need for governing bodies such as universities and registration boards were also expressed. Other emerging themes included the perception of hierarchy from inside and outside of the pharmacy profession by selected participants.
This study also identified inconsistencies in the application of role titles used across both sites with pharmacy assistant and pharmacy technician used interchangeably, and differences in role expectations. For example, tasks such as supply of inpatient medication performed across both hospital environments had diverse processes with different levels of pharmacist involvement. As a result, this study highlighted the need for greater consistency in the definition and application of pharmacy support staff titles and roles. Additionally, participants revealed the need for governing bodies to streamline roles and training frameworks similar to the accreditation and registration processes seen internationally, as means of ensuring and maintaining the quality of service provided to stakeholders.
This exploratory study provides valuable insight into the thoughts and motivation of pharmacy support staff and pharmacists that can inform the evolution of support staff career pathways. By documenting the accounts and views of pharmacists and pharmacy support staff in two different hospital environments, this study has added to existing research by being one of the first studies to obtain insight into the lived experience of pharmacy staff within the Australian hospital environment. This study has also identified potential areas for further research in the field of pharmacy support staff education and professional practice.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Medical Research (MMedRes)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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Blignault, Suzette Martha. "Audit of community pharmacy activities." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1533.
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In South Africa the pharmacy profession has experienced a number of changes around the turn of the century such as the introduction of the National Drug Policy (NDP), pharmacy ownership and price regulation. With this the role and earnings of the pharmacy profession, as well as to what extent the pharmacist adds value to the profession and society, are being questioned. Community pharmacists are thus faced with the challenge to prove that the value that they add to society is meaningful. Therefore, the aim of the study was to document community pharmacy availability and activities in South Africa and based on this to quantify the perceived value that the community pharmacist adds to society through the delivery of pharmaceutical services and pharmaceutical care. In order to determine the pharmacist’s true value added two surveys were conducted in 2006; an original pharmacist survey and a general public survey. The results obtained were verified by a follow–up pharmacist survey in 2009 to confirm or reject the results obtained in the original survey. The study was representative of both the community pharmacies and the general public in South Africa and was primarily quantitative in design and analysis. More than half of the responding pharmacies (63.16%) were open seven days a week. The average hours of service per day ranged from 10 hours (Monday to Friday) through to 6.45 hours on Saturdays and 3 hours on Sundays. Pharmacists continuously upgraded their professional knowledge. More than three quarters of pharmacies had the necessary equipment available to perform the services investigated in the study. The general public was not aware of all the services provided by pharmacists and as a result, depending on the service, many people did not make use of these services. The general public that made use of services delivered by community pharmacies mainly perceived the services delivered to be of good quality. The main barrier to practicing pharmaceutical care was indicated by pharmacists as not receiving payment for the advice given followed by pharmaceutical care being time consuming, and that there was not enough time to talk to patients. The general public indicated that they found it difficult to ask questions in pharmacies because other patients could hear what was discussed, or other patients had to wait longer if they asked something, and pharmacy staff being too busy. The results of the original pharmacist and the general public survey were confirmed by the results of the follow-up survey with the exception of dispensing prescription medicine (8 minutes 28 seconds), OTC medicine (7 minutes 23 seconds), counselling of prescription medicine (8 minutes 51 seconds) and OTC medicine (8 minutes) which on average took longer to conduct than in the previous analysis. The study highlighted the value added to the wellness and quality of life of the community of South Africa through the delivery of pharmaceutical care and pharmaceutical services by community pharmacy staff, and proved that pharmacists are committed to the provision of pharmaceutical care and pharmaceutical services.
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Clemerson, Jessica. "Pharmacogenetics : implications for pharmacy practice." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490056.
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The latter part of the 20th century has witnessed significant advances in the scientific understanding of the link between a person's genes and their response to medication. The term 'pharmacogenetics' was first used to describe clinical observations of inherited difference in response to medicines in the 1950s. Research in this field has gained momentum in recent years fuelled by the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2001. Aims The aim of this thesis was to determine the implications of developments in pharmacogenetics for community pharmacy practice. Methods A qualitative methodology was employed to generate data to address the research questions posed. Semi-structured interviews were used as a data collection method. Two samples of respondents were interviewed, one composed of community pharmacists and one of individuals in a position to influence their practice, referred to as 'influencers'. 2 'I ' Results Community pharmacists' knowledge and understanding of the term 'pharmacogenetics' and associated technological developments was found to be low, There was resistance to engaging in educational opportunities in this area, with the majority of pharmacists feeling that the subject has limited relevance to their current practice, Data were obtained from respondents involved in pharmacogenetic research and development which showed that the likely impact of pharmacogenetics .will, in the short term, be in very specific clinical areas. The concept of a 'pharmacogenetic revolution' in which. the prescribing process will be altered for all medicines was dismissed by all of these respondents. Conclusions Pharmacogenetics is influencing prescribing practice in certain clinical areas and this has the potential to increase as scientific understanding continues to move forward. This thesis shows that community pharmacists are inhibited in the way they are able to respond to new scientific and technological developments such as pharmacogenetics. Both internal and external barriers are faced by the profession when attempting to respond to changing healthcare arenas. Pharmacists should be encouraged to engage in educational opportunities around pharmacogenetics such that they can aid the transition of scientific developments into clinical practice.
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Khan, Mohammed Akbar. "Buy24x7.com| An Online Pharmacy." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10747296.
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Buy24x7.com is an online pharmacy registered as a limited liability company with its head office in Los Angeles, CA. The sole purpose of Buy24x7.com is to provide prescription medicines at a reasonable price to its customers and we plan to achieve this by working efficiently and cutting down the operating cost. The company’s top three goals are to provide prescription medicines to the customers at a lower price in the market, make prescription medicines easily available to the customers and be known as Americas most reliable and trusted pharmacy. Buy24x7’s unique selling proposition is an overnight delivery system which promises to deliver drugs to the doorsteps. Additionally, there will be a discount for the customers within 5-km radius of the warehouse. This business plan will present an analysis of target market, company’s marketing goals and objectives and the strategies to attract customers, a SWOT analysis discussing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the company, a birds-eye view of the legal and regulatory concerns surrounding the business, and finally a review of the financial viability
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McAree, D. P. "Women's health : community pharmacy care." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391103.
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Adams, Edries. "Independent community pharmacy : quo vadis?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/14640.
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Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.On 16 January 2004, the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa published the Draft Regulations to the Medicines and Related Substances Act No. 101 of 1965 (Republic of South Africa, 2010a) for comments due by 16 April 2004. These regulations would change the retail pharmacy landscape that generations of pharmacists had become dependent on in supporting themselves and the communities that they served. These regulations proposed a single exit price (SEP) that manufacturers might charge pharmaceutical wholesalers, which included the distribution cost. The wholesaler in turn would sell the pharmaceutical to the pharmaceutical retailer at the listed SEP, thus prohibiting discounts and in the process creating transparency in the pharmaceutical industry. This transparency would ensure that all people would pay the same price for their medication with the aim of making it affordable and available to those in need. Preceding these draft regulations was the amendment to the Pharmacy Act No. 53 of 1974 (Republic of South Africa, 2010c) concerning pharmacy ownership, which allowed non-pharmacist and legal entities to own pharmacies as of 2003. This amendment posed the first external threat to the autonomy of pharmacists regarding independent pharmacy ownership. Pharmacists now had to compete not only amongst themselves but also with large corporate food and health shops with in-house pharmacies. The resources and capabilities inherent to independent community pharmacies given the events of the past few years proved inadequate in competing with the corporate retailers. These two amendments to acts that influenced the existing pharmacy landscape posed a real threat to the sustainability of independent pharmacy business models. This paper investigates the issues that independent community pharmacies in South Africa are facing and their strategic options in the pharmaceutical and services value chain.
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Calhoun, McKenzie L. "Advancing Pharmacy Practice Expert Panel." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6883.
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Born, Alexandra L. "Patients' Perceptions of Pharmacy Services." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1461959357.
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Ziad, Raheem Ehab, and Jiahao Wang. "The Apotekomat : An Autonomous Pharmacy." Thesis, KTH, Mekatronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296261.
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The purpose of this project was to examine the possibilities of automating pharmacies by developing a vendingmachine-like device. As a result, a prototype was designed, constructed and programmed. The main focus of this prototype is to inspect whether it is possible to minimize the need for staff in pharmacies. In order for the prototype to archive it’s purpose, a various amount of components were used. Those components were connected and controlled using the Arduino Mega. A screen and a keypad were used to facilitate the user interaction with the prototype. Furthermore, three different types of motors were needed to deliver medicine to the user. The final prototype was able to deliver medicine to the user from four different boxes. Various experiments were carried out to ensure that the machine could perform the required tasks and automate medicine delivery process in an effective way.Syftet med detta projekt ör att studera möjligheten till apoteksautomation genom att utveckla en enhet som liknar en varuautomat. Genom att designa, konstruera och programmera uppförs en prototyp. Huvudfokus för denna prototyp är att kontrollera om det är möjligt att minimera personalbehovet på apoteket. För att prototypen ska uppnå sitt syfte används ett stort antal komponenter. En skärm och ett tangentbord används för att låta användare interagera med prototypen. Dessutom krävs tre olika typer av motorer för att tillhandahålla läkemedel till användarna. Den slutliga prototypen kan förse användare med läkemedel från fyra olika rutor. Olika experiment genomfördes för att säkerställa att maskinen kan utföra de önskade uppgifterna och att den kan effektivt automatisera leveransen av olika mediciner.
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Foster, Rebecca M. "The computerisation of community pharmacy." Thesis, Aston University, 1992. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12585/.
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Computers have, over the past 10 to 15 years, become an integral part of many activities carried out by British community pharmacists. This thesis employs quantitative and qualitative research methods to explore the use of computers and other forms of information technology (IT) in a number of these activities. Mail questionnaires were used to estimate the level of IT use among British community pharmacists in 1989 and 1990. Comparison of the results suggests that the percentage of community pharmacists using computers and other forms of IT is increasing, and that the range of applications to which pharmacy computers are put is expanding. The use of an electronic, on-line information service, PINS, by community pharmacists was investigated using mail questionnaires. The majority of community pharmacists who subscribed to the service, and who responded to the questionnaire, claimed to use PINS less than they had expected to. In addition, most did not find it user-friendly. A computer program to aid pharmacists when responding to their patients' symptoms was investigated using interviews and direct observation. The aid was not found to help pharmacists in responding to patients' symptoms because of impracticalities involved in its operation. Use of the same computer program by members of the public without the involvement of a pharmacist was also studied. In this setting, the program was favourably accepted by the majority of those who used it. Provision of computer generated information leaflets from pharmacies was investigated using mail questionnaires and interviews. The leaflets were found to be popular with the majority of recipients interviewed. Since starting to give out the leaflets, 27 out of 55 pharmacists who responded to the questionnaire had experienced an increase in the numbers of prescriptions they dispensed. 46 had experienced an increase in the number of patient enquiries they received.
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Babolmorad, Niloofar. "Business Plan for DANA Pharmacy." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10784861.
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Studies have revealed that bilingual individuals opt their native language as the first choice for consultation with health professionals. Moreover, a concordant cooperation between patient and pharmacist is significantly impaired where one party is applying a language with which both sides are not comfortable or confident. Accordingly, a multilingual pharmacy has the potential to remove language barriers for non-compliance among customers who need pharmacy services. On the other hand, in today’s competitive market, a pharmacy may guarantee its survival, and also high revenue, if it fills a sizable amount of Medicare patients’ prescriptions since a majority of these physician orders include at least three types of chronic-disease medications. However, there are still communication barriers with some of Medicare beneficiaries because of their limited proficiency in English.
DANA, a private community pharmacy, intends to remove aforementioned obstacles in the heart of Laguna Woods and its neighboring cities where they place prescriptions for a large number of Persian and Hispanic immigrants and serve a community with the highest density of elderly people in Southern California.
DANA’s mission is to deliver highly valued health care in a manner that ensures optimal medication therapy outcomes for the whole community by performing its trilingual Farsi-Spanish-English pharmacy service and being more attentive to elderly patients.
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Benson, Ailsa. "Pharmacy values and ethics: a qualitative mapping of the perceptions and experiences of UK pharmacy practioners." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433642.
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Moyers, Jennifer, and Martha Mrozowski. "The Knowledge of Drug Interactions by Third Year Pharmacy Students at Two Western Schools of Pharmacy." The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624685.
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Class of 2006 AbstractObjective: To determine the degree of knowledge of clinically significant drug-drug interactions by third-year pharmacy students at two schools of pharmacy located in the Western U.S., hereafter referred to as School A and School B. The purpose was also to determine if the degree of knowledge of drug interactions was related to the amount of work experience as well as exposure to drug interaction information in the curriculum of the pharmacy school at which these students are completing their degrees. The hypothesis of this study was that there would be no difference in knowledge of clinically significant drug-drug interactions by pharmacy students at School A and School B. Methods: A two-page questionnaire was distributed to third year pharmacy students at School A and School B. The first page of the questionnaire contained 10 questions on potential drug-drug interactions and asked the students to indicate if an interaction was present and also rank their confidence for the response provided to the interaction question using a scale of 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). For each drug-drug pair, there were three response choices: (A) Should not be used together-contraindicated, (B) May be used together with monitoring, and (C) May be used together without monitoring. The second page of the questionnaire requested information regarding demographics such as age, gender, whether or not the students currently work in a pharmacy setting outside of pharmacy school and if they do, which pharmacy setting and for how many years, where the students believe most of their knowledge regarding drug-drug interactions is from, whether the students would like to have more class-time dedicated to drug-drug interactions, and asked the students’ opinion of how important it is for pharmacists to be aware of drug-drug interactions. In order to determine whether or not exposure to drug interaction information during the curriculum affected the degree of knowledge of drug interactions, a survey of the amount of time devoted to drug-drug interactions during pharmacy school was given to a representative from each school. This survey asked whether or not the curriculum at the particular school had a required course that was in whole or part specific to drug-drug interactions, how many hours were devoted to drug-drug interactions in Therapeutics, Pharmacology, Medicinal Chemistry, and other non-elective courses, and asked for an estimated total number of hours devoted to drug-drug interactions during pharmacy school. Results: A total of 182 students completed and returned the questionnaire, 68 from School A and 114 from School B. There was no significant difference regarding the knowledge of DDIs between students at School A versus School B. The average (SD) number of drug interaction questions answered correctly was 54% (±17%) correct and 56% (±15%) correct respectively. There was no significant difference in subject characteristics including mean age, gender, and type of pharmacy-related work experience between the schools. The results of the survey indicated that the majority of students at both schools work in a community setting for a pharmacy- related job (58 students (88%) and 94 students (75%) for Schools A and B, respectively). A regression analysis showed that student confidence in their ability to correctly identify interactions was the only significant predictor of DDI knowledge (p=0.0138). However, there was only a weak correlation found between correctly answered questions and confidence in the ability to answer the question correctly (r = 0.22). The majority of subjects at both schools indicated that more time should be devoted to DDIs and that DDI information is very important. Conclusion: The study found that third year pharmacy students correctly identified approximately 55% of the drug-drug interactions. There was no significant difference in drug-drug interaction knowledge between the two schools surveyed. In addition, there was only a weak correlation between drug interaction knowledge and the student’s in their ability to correctly identify interactions. After controlling for age, gender, and work experience, we found that confidence was the only significant predictor of DDI knowledge. The majority of the students at both schools believe that drug-drug interaction knowledge is very important and that there should be more exposure to drug-drug interaction information throughout their curriculum. Future studies that survey drug-drug interaction knowledge at more schools may be warranted in order to incorporate changes in curriculums that will further develop the knowledge of drug-drug interactions in future pharmacists.
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Renberg, Tobias. "Patient Perspectives on Community Pharmacy Services." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108392.
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Community pharmacy practice is changing, putting a greater emphasis on patient involvement and empowerment than on physical drug products. Developing practice philosophies, such as pharmaceutical care, are operationalised through an ever-evolving service proliferation. There is, however, a paucity of studies addressing the patients’ subjective perceptions of pharmacy services. The few studies that measure the impact of pharmacy services on humanistic outcomes show little or no effect. This might be due to the services, or the assessment instruments used. The aim of this thesis was to enhance the understanding of how patients perceive community pharmacy services, their preferences for community pharmacy services, and how these services could be evaluated from the patient perspective. This was done by: 1.exploring patients’ perceptions of an existing pharmaceutical care service using in-depth interviews; 2. exploring patient preferences for the ideal pharmacy visit using Q methodology, and characterising those patient groups that have different preferences and; 3. testing the validity of the Swedish version of the Pharmaceutical Therapy-Related Quality of Life (PTRQoL)-instrument, using think aloud methodology. Patients had vague, and sometimes erroneous, understandings about a pharmaceutical care service that they were currently receiving. They reported that the service had increased their feeling of safety, enhanced their knowledge, provided drug treatment control, and empowered them. Seven different viewpoints of the ideal pharmacy service were identified, which could be broadly divided into two groups, those emphasising the physical drug products as central to the encounter and those seeking a relationship with the pharmacist. Some differences between the group characteristics were identified, but not specific enough to guide individualised care practice. Several problems with the validity of the PTRQoL-instrument were detected. Overall, the thesis has highlighted various aspects of patient perspectives on community pharmacy services that could be used for the development andassessment of such services.
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Hariri, Shapour. "Multimedia health promotion in community pharmacy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301212.
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Davies, J. E. "Community pharmacy businesses and community pharmacists." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1384825/.
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The change in community pharmacists’ practice from compounding and effectively unregulated medicines supply through to the highly regulated and largely automated high-volume dispensing process of today has been challenging. The economic and social standing of community pharmacy was transformed creating a need for further adaptation. This thesis explores ‘how business and professional practice models for community pharmacy in England in ten to twenty years are likely to be structured?’. It has six sections, plus an overarching discussion. A work sampling study of ten community pharmacies found that pharmacists continue to spend two-thirds of their time on dispensing related activities, compared to one tenth on counselling. The accompanying analysis links this to an increase in prescription volumes and payments that have incentivised pharmacy contractors to focus on medicines supply. A significant decrease in the average prescription duration for eight chronic disease medications over the past decade is revealed, and its desirability questioned. Using the Kingdon model of the policy process as an evaluative framework, 16 interviews with ‘policy leaders’ provided insight into how seven factors (identified from a structured thematic review of the implementation of Medicines Use Reviews) have influenced the implementation of the New Medicines Service. In addition, role theory-based thematic analysis involving 17 stakeholders in pharmacy policy highlighted the tensions between community pharmacists’ roles as shopkeepers, clinicians and businessmen, and the effects that new technologies will have on them. The analysis identifies a need for pharmacy to embrace a new strategic direction that enhances pharmacy’s contributions to health outcomes. In conclusion, community pharmacy in England should offer timelier and economically efficient ways of solving contemporary health problems. The evidence presented here suggests that without stronger internal leadership and robust external stakeholder support medicines supply will split from the provision of clinical pharmacy in the community setting, leaving community pharmacies as ‘commodity cost’, low return medicines suppliers.
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Candlish, Carol Anne. "A contribution to pharmacy practice education." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2009. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/3692/.
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This integrative doctoral report describes how I have used my underpinning experience as a practising pharmacist to make a substantial contribution to pharmacy education. Using separate models for undergraduate and postgraduate students I have planned and delivered high quality innovative programmes which prepare undergraduate pharmacy students for practice and postgraduate professional students for advanced practice. Using an action research methodology I have planned and led a team in the development of a suite of M.Sc. programmes (modular master’s degrees) which matches stakeholder requirements (i.e. students and employers). These programmes offer flexible learning opportunities requiring limited contact. With support systems in place, this model allows the busy healthcare professional to work in a full time capacity whilst studying for a postgraduate qualification. Using this model I have developed short courses and led a team to successfully operate them both in the UK and in Hong Kong. Taking an early lead in the development of supplementary and then independent prescribing courses, has allowed our graduates to develop to meet their potential and allow these practitioners to specialise in their chosen clinical fields. My work with the Centre for Excellence in Healthcare Professional Education (CETL4HealthNE) is perhaps one of the most important and major suggested changes to pharmacy undergraduate education for many years. This is the introduction of Inter-Professional Education (IPE) and practice-based learning. I am a firm advocate for IPE and practice-placements being at the heart of, and becoming a substantial component of, undergraduate pharmacy education. This allows clinical patient-focused teaching to be maximised. I believe that this is of critical importance to ensure that new graduates have both underpinning theoretical knowledge and practical application ability. This is all with the same goal: for the safe and effective care of patients. From my own experiences gained from my collaborative research work and CETL4HealthNE, I propose a model where pharmacists work together with other healthcare professionals, both in practice and in IPE, for the benefit of patient care.
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Krause, Beth Breitzig. "Strategic planning in Colleges of Pharmacy /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487848078450467.
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Harrison, Donald Lee 1956. "Strategic planning by institutional pharmacy administrators." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277297.
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The extent and quality of strategic planning by institutional pharmacy directors was assessed. Also examined was how the extent and quality of strategic planning, institutional characteristics, pharmacy characteristics, and pharmacy director characteristics might be associated with the pharmacy's overall level of performance in selected areas. The majority of institutional pharmacy directors reported utilizing strategic planning for their departments. The global quality of strategic planning reported by pharmacy directors was average. However, directors conducting strategic planning reported a high level of strategic planning. The directors' rated time available, knowledge, and importance of strategic planning were found to be significantly associated with pharmacy directors' rated quality of strategic planning. Additionally, pharmacy directors' rated quality of strategic planning was found to be significantly associated with pharmacy performance for clinical, distributive, and administrative services.
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Rogers, Philip John. "Patient medication records by community pharmacy." Thesis, University of Bath, 1993. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357290.
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Bradford, Dominique, and Priscilla Watmore. "The Relationship Between Self-reported Professionalism and Student Involvement in Pharmacy Organizations at One College of Pharmacy." The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623917.
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Class of 2009 AbstractOBJECTIVES: To determine if there is a correlation between student involvement in pharmacy organizations and self-reported professional development. METHODS: A cross sectional, prospective, print-based questionnaire was submitted to students in their last didactic year of the Doctor of Pharmacy program at one university. The questionnaire was administered during a well attended, regularly scheduled class and students self-assessed their professionalism on the Behavioral Professionalism Assessment and provided data on their degree of involvement in pharmacy professional organizations. RESULTS: The questionnaire was completed by 78 of 84 students (a 93% response rate). Nearly 94% of participants reported that involvement in pharmacy organizations played some role in their professional development and approximately 30% of these students based this opinion on participation, leadership, and networking opportunities offered by professional organizations. A significant positive correlation between self-reported professionalism and involvement (i.e., the number of: brown bags/health fairs and organizational meetings attended, p<0.05 for each) was identified. CONCLUSIONS: A relationship was identified between professionalism and involvement at one college of pharmacy. Further research should be conducted at other colleges of pharmacy to determine if these data can be generalized to the larger pharmacy student population.
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Hagemeier, Nicholas E., and Matthew M. Murawski. "Junior Pharmacy Faculty Members’ Perceptions of Their Exposure to Postgraduate Training and Academic Careers During Pharmacy School." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1467.
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Objective. To determine the perceptions of junior pharmacy faculty members with US doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) degrees regarding their exposure to residency, fellowship, and graduate school training options in pharmacy school. Perceptions of exposure to career options and research were also sought.
Methods. A mixed-mode survey instrument was developed and sent to assistant professors at US colleges and schools of pharmacy.
Results. Usable responses were received from 735 pharmacy faculty members. Faculty members perceived decreased exposure to and awareness of fellowship and graduate education training as compared to residency training. Awareness of and exposure to academic careers and research-related fields was low from a faculty recruitment perspective.
Conclusions. Ensuring adequate exposure of pharmacy students to career paths and postgraduate training opportunities could increase the number of PharmD graduates who choose academic careers or other pharmacy careers resulting from postgraduate training.
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Wong, Peter Kim-Hung. "QUANTIFYING THE PERCEIVED VALUE OF PHARMACY SERVICES AS MEASURED BY THE CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD: FOCUS ON COMMUNITY PHARMACY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin980272432.
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Hannosh, Jason. "A survey to Evaluate the Need of a Pharmacy Resident Teaching Certificate Program for Pharmacy Residents in Arizona." The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623993.
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Class of 2009 AbstractOBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a perceived need to offer a teaching certificate program to pharmacy residents in the state of Arizona. METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive study utilized a web-based, electronic survey to gather data from Arizona pharmacy residents and residency program directors. Residents who were part of the Class of 2008 or 2009 were included in the study. The survey asked the respondents to rate the value of a pharmacy certificate program on a 6-point Likert scale. Data on the current activities for residents in the programs, resident confidence levels on performing specific tasks, topics of modules for a certificate program, the quantity and length of the modules, and interest in participating in a program were also collected. RESULTS: There was a 50% response rate for both pharmacy residents (n=17) and residency directors (n=12). The respondents indicated that there was a perceived value to a teaching certificate program (p<0.0001) and 28 stated that they would participate in the certificate program if one was offered (p<0.0001). Seven of the nine proposed module topics for the program were positively received by the respondents, with “How to be a Preceptor” ranked highest (p<0.0001). Overall, a teaching certificate program of 4 to 6 modules (p=0.006) between 46 to 60 minutes in length (p<0.0001) was most appealing to the respondents. CONCLUSIONS: Arizona pharmacy residents and residency program directors who participated in this survey showed a positive interest in a teaching certificate program.
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Fino, Leen Bassam Mahmoud. "Ethical Decision-Making in Pharmacy Practice in Jordan." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25121.
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Pharmacists have often faced “situations in which there is a choice between at least two courses of action, neither of which is obviously morally preferable”. With the increased patient-centeredness in pharmacy practice nowadays, they are now expected to provide solutions for such ‘dilemmas’, relying on ethical judgment, principles of professional ethics, standards of practice and moral reasoning capabilities. Pharmacists necessarily need to be competent in ethical decision-making, which will enable them to act in a morally preferable and justifiable manner. Literature has shown that moral reasoning skills are teachable competencies in healthcare. This domain remains relatively unexplored in developing countries, and there is a paucity of research conducted in the area of pharmacy ethics particularly in Jordan.
The overarching aim of this thesis was to investigate ethical decision-making in pharmacy practice in developing countries such as Jordan. This thesis also investigates the manner in which ethical dilemmas are handled by Jordanian pharmacists, the resources used to address such dilemmas, and their attitudes towards them. The secondary objective was the development of an educational component about ethical decision-making in pharmacy practice for the undergraduate curriculum for pharmacy students in Jordan.
The scoping review (Chapter 2 of this thesis) highlighted a gap in pharmacy ethics literacy in developing countries and variances in pharmacists’ ethical attitudes in handling ethical dilemmas. It also illuminated the lack of familiarity with ethical principles and codes of ethics., and pharmacists being prone to financial pressure were found to have a significant impact on pharmacy practice in most developing countries.
Chapter 3 explored ethical decision-making in pharmacy practice in Jordan. elucidating that it was influenced by pharmacists’ personal moral values, legal requirements and managed by exercising common sense and experience. Giving emphasis to the need for professional ethics training, and incorporating pharmacy ethics courses in pharmacy undergraduate curricula, as well as to professional development courses. Chapter 4 then explored the impact of Vertically Integrating Teaching in Ethical Decision-Making (VIT-EDM), as a pedagogical approach influencing moral reasoning capabilities of pharmacy students whilst progressing in pharmacy studies, using a validated instrument as a surrogate measure of moral reasoning capabilities. This underlined the positive impact of this relatively novel mixed-method pedagogy in teaching pharmacy ethics, which highlighted students’ enhanced confidence levels in deciding morally preferable choices when facing ethical dilemmas.
The seminal part of this thesis was the development, implementation, and evaluation of the utility of a tailored ethics education component in the pharmacy curriculum for students enrolled at a well-ranked Jordanian University (Chapter 5). This chapter highlighted the importance of implementing an ethics course in pharmacy undergraduate curricula. It also emphasized the positive impact this course made on the students’ learning experiences and provided a strong environment for discussion and group learning.
In conclusion, the investigations carried out in this thesis emphasized the importance and significance of ethical pharmacy practice. Hopefully, this body of work is the beginning of further research and intervention-testing intended for teaching pharmacy ethics in developing countries. This paves the way for developing countries to adopt principles/rights-guided professional practice in pharmacy, to protect and provide patient-centered care in reality.
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Burton, Susan. "Self-perceived professional identity of pharmacy educators." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008352.
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The philosophy of pharmaceutical care, which defines a patient-centred approach to practice, has been embraced and upheld by national and international pharmaceutical organisations for two decades. However, pharmacists have been slow to change their practice and implement a pharmaceutical care approach. It has been suggested that amongst other factors, short-comings in pharmaceutical education have contributed to this reluctance of the profession to transform practice. Efforts to address these short-comings in pharmaceutical education have focused on the curriculum and pedagogic practices, and not on the pharmacy educators themselves. Palmer (1998) asserts that “good teaching cannot be reduced to technique; good teaching comes from the identity and integrity of the teacher”. In essence, "we teach who we are" and good teachers have one common trait: “a strong sense of personal identity that infuses their work”. This study identified, described and analysed the self-perceived professional identities of pharmacy educators within the South African context. This included ascertaining factors and contexts which contributed to participants’ self-perception of their professional identity. In an effort to understand the influence the educators have on practice and on changing practice and vice-versa, the attitudes, beliefs and behaviours of participants regarding the philosophy and practice of pharmaceutical care, and pharmaceutical education were also explored. Situated within a constructivist-interpretive, qualitative paradigm and making use of methodological triangulation, this study was conducted in three phases, each employing a different qualitative method to collect data. The first phase made use of narrative analysis to gain an in-depth understanding of pharmacy educators’ perceived professional identities and to explore how their experiences, across various contexts, have formed their professional identities. In-depth individual narrative interviews were used to provide a forum in which the participants could reflect upon and tell their professional life-story. This phase of the study also made use of the exploration of metaphors to further investigate the participants’ professional identity and, more particularly, their images of themselves as “teacher” and role model for students. A maximum variation, purposeful sampling approach was used to recruit eight pharmacy academics - one from each school or faculty of pharmacy in South Africa, as participants in this phase of the study. The second and third phases explored more widely, the insights gained from the first phase and the formation of professional identity, attitudes, beliefs and practices of pharmacy educators in South Africa. Two focus groups were employed during the second phase and the study sample was broadened to include a further ten pharmacy educators. In the third phase, a purpose-designed, qualitative questionnaire was used to extend the study sample to all pharmacy educators in South Africa. A convenience sampling approach was used in both the second and third phases of the study. Thematic analysis and interpretation of the narrative interview and focus group transcripts and the questionnaire responses were conducted using qualitative data analysis software – Atlas.ti®. A multiplicity of self-perceived professional identities was described. However, all of these were multi-faceted and could be situated on a continuum between pharmacist identity on one end and academic identity on the other. In addition, six key determinants were recognised as underpinning the participants’ self-perception of their professional identity. These included three structural determinants: expected role; knowledge base; and practice, and three determinants relating to the emotional dimensions and agency of professional identity: professional status; passions; and satisfiers. The professional identity of the participants had been formed through membership of multiple pharmacy-related communities of practice and continued to be sustained through a nexus of multi-membership. There was extensive support by the participants for the concept of pharmaceutical care; however, it did not impact extensively on their role as pharmacy educators. Furthermore, many expressed concern around the use of the term ‘pharmaceutical care’: its definition; its lack of penetration into, and implementation within the practice environment; and even its relevance to the South African healthcare context. Many of the participants perceived the professional development of future pharmacists to be integral to their role as educators, and was often their source of greatest professional satisfaction. However, concern was also expressed at the dissonance that students were perceived to experience, sometimes, because of the incongruities that they are taught and what they experience in practice. This study has afforded pharmacy educators in South Africa an opportunity to understand better “who” they are as professionals, and to reflect on their role as educators and as role models for future pharmacist. Moreover, the findings contribute to a collective understanding of the professional identity of pharmacy educators and socialisation of pharmacy students into the profession. The insights and recommendations emerging from the study have the potential to make academic pharmacy a more attractive career choice which may have positive implications for the future attraction and retention of pharmacists to academic posts within universities.
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Tomlin, Mark. "Medication errors : capture and prevention by pharmacy." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2011. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/medication-errors(e0042fad-f3a5-46bf-9281-d97c1fe3f531).html.
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Introduction This thesis looks at the pharmacist’s contribution to the capture of medication errors and preventing harm reaching patients. It has several components: an analysis of annual surveys of interventions made by pharmacists at a large teaching hospital, a re-coding of these surveys to see how many interventions were the result of prescribing errors, and an experiment in A&E where the pharmacist drafted the first prescription chart. Methods One-week surveys of pharmacist interventions were regularly made at Southampton General Hospital between 1999 and 2009. These were analysed for trends, then recoded to identify the proportion that were caused by prescribing errors. In addition, a controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effects on prescribing error rate, of a pharmacist obtaining an accurate medication history in A&E, then transcribing the data onto the first inpatient prescription. Key findings In the period 1999-2001, the average number of interventions in each week long survey was 575 and during 2005-9 it was 973. This was a statistically significant increase. More interventions were recorded as serious in the latter period. The rate of interventions also increased from between one per every five and seven patients (31 to 45 prescribed items) to one per every one to two patients (8 to 20 items). The severity of interventions also increased, with between one and five deaths avoided each week. Almost three quarters of pharmacists’ interventions (73.9%) were triggered by prescribing errors, giving an error rate of 644 prescribing errors per week, or 6.2 per 100 prescribed items. These data are in contrast to the Trust submitting 918 error reports per year to the NPSA, the majority of which were administration errors reported by nurses. Nearly a half (45.3%) of all prescribing errors occurred during the admission phase of the hospital episode. Two thirds (67.1%) of prescribing errors detected were errors of omission - things that had not been done. Prescribing errors of commission occurred mainly during the inpatient phase and errors of omission during the admission phase. A quarter of prescribing errors were planning errors. These were failures to follow guidelines, failures to review patients’ prescriptions, manage interactions, and adjust dosage in liver or renal failure or in response to TDM results. One fifth (21.7%) of the patients had events or symptoms that contributed to the admission that could be explained by the medicines they were consuming. Over half of these were potentially avoidable by better monitoring or product selection. A pharmacist working in A&E to obtain complete and accurate drug histories, then transcribing the data onto the first prescription, produced a trend to reduction in the generation of errors throughout the whole hospital episode. Conclusions Analysing pharmacist’s interventions is a useful method of investigation prescribing errors and ways to stop them happening. First prescriptions written by pharmacists should provide an effective means of reducing errors which may be promulgated throughout the hospital stay.
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Buttarazzi, Michael James. "A systems approach to automated pharmacy dispensing." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12162009-020010/.
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Fitzpatrick, Peter George. "Integrated skills reinforcement in pharmacy personnel management /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1992. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/11229391.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1992.Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Carmine Paul Gibaldi. Dissertation Committee: L. Lee Knefelkamp. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-168).
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Halsall, Devina. "Defining and assessing quality in community pharmacy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516344.
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Background and Aims: One method for understanding the quality of care provided by community pharmacies is to assess it using objective measures such as indicators. These, however, should be based on a common frame of reference for describing quality. As no such definition exists specifically for community pharmacy, this research aimed to gain an understanding of community pharmacy quality and its assessment. Methodology: In order to conceptualise community pharmacy quality, ten focus groups were conducted across the northwest of England with 47 purposively sampled participants who had experiences with community pharmacy healthcare services. Constant comparative analysis was used to analyse the verbatim transcripts. To develop the quality indicators, a scoping review was conducted to identify descriptive statements which mirrored the quality attributes and quality dimensions analysed from the focus groups. Then, once customised into clearly defined statements with a measurable element, 458 potential quality indicators were arranged into four questionnaires to be rated on their face-validity. Finally, consensus was gathered on each indicator's face-validity by using a two-round modified Delphi technique. Panellists were recruited from across England and were community pharmacists or PCT employees who were involved with community pharmacies (second round: n₁=20, n₂=19, n₃=19, n₄=19). Findings: It emerged that community pharmacy quality can be conceptualised as dynamic and complex with interdependent dimensions of 'opportunity', 'effectiveness' and 'positive perceptions of the experience'. Each dimension contains structures, processes and associated outcomes. These were illustrated by a dynamic model of quality dimensions and by its related static framework of structures processes and outcomes. In the Delphi questionnaires, a total of 51 potential indicators were added by panellists, and after the second rounds, 452 indicators achieved consensus for having face-validity as community pharmacy quality indicators. These assessed one or more of the three quality dimensions and related to: the pharmacy environment, equipment and facilities; patient access to medicines, advice and services; effectiveness; and management and leadership in the pharmacy. Ten indicators achieved consensus for lacking face-validity, and 47 indicators did not achieve consensus. Discussion: This research provides a foundation for future work in community pharmacy quality, and could enable those who design, develop and provide pharmacy services to better target their efforts in delivering high quality care. The quality indicators may help with assessing pharmacies and with making changes based on objective data. Before the 452 quality indicators are implemented, future study should include testing them in pharmacies to determine their reliability, feasibility and acceptability. Other recommendations for research, policy and practice are outlined in the text.
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Luo, R. "Evaluation of an enhanced clinical pharmacy services." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517405.
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Reginoald-Prasad, Consilda. "Pharmacy Retail in Sri Lankacompared to Norway." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91318.
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Jones, Wendy. "Community pharmacy for lactating mothers requiring medication." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326986.
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Bond, Christine M. "Prescribing in community pharmacy : barriers and opportunities." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294204.
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This thesis describes the history of community pharmacy, and the current climate which has identified an extended role, particularly for 'over-the-counter' advice in response to symptoms and the reclassification of medicines. An electric methodology has been used to define current community pharmacy practice in Scotland, and to assess the attitudes of community pharmacists and GPs to an extended community pharmacy role. Attitudes of community pharmacists to medicines reclassification have been assessed nationally, and implications quantified. Clinical pharmacy guidelines for the treatment of dyspepsia have been developed and evaluated. A range of opinion formers have been interviewed to identify the different agenda which have contributed to medicines reclassification. Most of the more innovative tasks proposed are not yet commonly practised in Scotland. However most community pharmacists favour the extended role and the reclassification of medicines. Reclassification has little financial advantage for the community pharmacist, but would benefit the patient and the NHS. GPs were generally supportive of the extended role of the community pharmacist and the reclassification of medicines with a few caveats. These could be overcome by clinical pharmacy guidelines, which we demonstrated to have utility, patient acceptability and an educational value. Representatives of the medical and pharmaceutical professions, the government, the industry and the patient, revealed three agendas which have all influenced medicines reclassification. The government wish to shift the costs from the NHS to the patient. The industry wish to find additional markets and the pharmaceutical profession need a new paradigm to replace their largely redundant technical dispensing role. It is concluded that it is an opportune time for the community pharmacists to extend their professional role.
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Ibrahim, Osama Mohamed. "Evaluating cholesterol screening in a community pharmacy." Scholarly Commons, 1988. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2162.
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The purpose of this research project was to evaluate the role of the community pharmacist in screening, identifying, and referring ambulatory patients with high total blood cholesterol (TBC) in a community pharmacy. Fifty seven patients, out of 241 initially screened individuals, met the study inclusion criteria and were accepted into this study. Of these 57 patients, 51 patients completed the six month study period. The normal population group consisted of 164 participants with TBC < 200 mgjdL at the initial cholesterol testing (visit 1). The drop out group represented six patients who failed to continue attending the two follow up tests (visit 2 and 3). For screening purposes, a non-fasting whole blood sample was used to measure TBC using the Boehringer Mannheim Reflotron analyzer.
The project was evaluated based on mean TBC levels obtained during the initial screening and the two follow up tests, pre-test and post-test scores, behavior and lifestyle changes, and the number of patients who received a physician's order for lipid analysis as a result of initial screening results. In addition, influence of age and educational background on lowering TBC in visits 2 and 3, patient acceptance of blood screening in a community pharmacy and willingness to pay for this service in the future were also determined.
To assess the level of significance among the means of the tested parameters, both parametric (one-way analysis of variance, Scheffe's post hoc test and two sample t-test) and non-parametric statistics (Mann-Whitney and chi-square test) were used at a probability level of less than 0.05. There was a significant difference in mean TBC levels between visit 1 and 2, and between visit 1 and 3 (P< 0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was found between visit 2 and 3 (P= 0.48). In addition, there was no significant difference in the incidence of high blood cholesterol in terms of gender or age difference at the initial screening. Further, mean TBC levels between males and females remained statistically insignificant during the two follow up tests. However, younger patients were able to lower their mean TBC level in visit 2 and 3 compared with older patients (P=< 0.031). The one-way analysis of variance results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in TBC changes during the three visits by subjects categorized by educational background levels. Patient's attitude toward the idea of blood test measurement in community pharmacies was positive. Ninety eight percent of the study group stated that they strongly liked such an idea, 92.16% expressed a willingness to pay an average of $4.55 (range $3 or less to $10), and all agreed that it was a convenient service for them.
It was concluded that cholesterol screening in this community pharmacy was effective and acceptable, and may prove to be financially feasible when effectively planned and marketed. This service provides the community pharmacist with an opportunity to offer a unique patient-oriented public service.
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Moohan, R. "Connected health : applications in community pharmacy practice." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680058.
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As the population ages, the use of information technology and telecommunications in healthcare delivery (often known as Connected Health, telehealth or e-health) has been proposed as a means of providing . patient-centred care to those with chronic conditions. Little research has been conducted into the involvement of community pharmacists in Connected Health delivery. This thesis aimed to investigate the potential role of community pharmacists in the delivery of Connected Health services. A systematic content analysis of print media was performed to explore reporting of Connected Health in UK and US newspapers. A qualitative interview study was conducted with community pharmacists and key stakeholders in Canada and Northern Ireland to gather their views on community pharmacist involvement in Connected Health. Informed by the latter qualitative study, an online questionnaire was distributed to community pharmacists in Northern Ireland to explore their views regarding their potential role in Connected Health. Finally, a feasibility study was carried out, in which community pharmacists sent patients mobile telephone medication reminders and remotely monitored their blood pressure . . Connected Health was positively reported by the print media in the US and the UK. Community pharmacist and key stakeholder interviewees were supportive of community pharmacist involvement in Connected Health, believing it would extend and promote ' their role. However, they had concerns regarding appropriate remuneration. Similar views were obtained from community pharmacist questionnaire respondents. The feasibility study showed that a community pharmacy-based Connected Health programme could be successfully implemented on a small scale. Participants involved were positive about community pharmacist involvement in Connected Health. Community pharmacist involvement in Connected Health has the potential to improve patient outcomes and ease pressure on the health service. However, barriers such as funding and general practitioner acceptance would need to be overcome and a sound evidence base established before routine pharmacist involvement becomes a reality.
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Babenko, Natalia, Maryna Pylypenko, and Olena Babenko. "Pharmacy market of Ukraine during the pandemic." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/18230.
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Calhoun, McKenzie L. "Ambulatory Care Pharmacy in the United States." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6879.
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