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Artati, Susi. "Pengaruh DER, Perputaran Modal Kerja dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap NPM pada Industri Farmasi Yang Listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2012-2016." J-MAS (Jurnal Manajemen dan Sains) 4, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jmas.v4i2.125.
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Research Aims To Learn How does the Debt to Equity Ratio, Working Capital Turnover and Firm Size Against Net Profit Margin in the Pharmacy Industry in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012-2016 simultaneously and partially and how much influence the Debt to Equity Ratio, Working Capital Turnover and Firm Size Against Net Profit Margin in the Pharmacy Industry in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012-2016. The method used is quantitative descriptive method with independent variables, Debt to Equity Ratio, Working Capital Turnover and the Firm Size , while the dependent variable is Net Profit Margin. The analytical tool used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis, the classical assumption test, hypothesis test and coefficient of determination. The conclusion of this study indicate that the Debt to Equity Ratio, Working Capital Turnover and Firm size simultaneously significant affect on Net Profit Margin. In partial Working Capital Turnover significant affect on Net Profit Margin
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Ateshkadi, Arasb, and Mark A. Munger. "Comparison of Publication Rates for Basic Sciences versus Practice from Pharmacy‐Based Grant Programs." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 16, no. 6 (November 12, 1996): 1128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1996.tb03041.x.
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The future of a profession in an era of scarce resources depends on maintaining a focus on science. The times demand that pharmacy practice examine its commitment to science. To address this concern, pharmacy practice‐based research awards from the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Research Institute Award Program, American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists Research and Education Foundation Grant Program, and American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy New Investigator Program were compared with basic sciences awards from the American Association Colleges of Pharmacy New Investigator Program from their inception to 1991 to determine the percentage of awarded grants successfully published (publication rate). Pharmacy practice published awarded grants' at 46% (70/154) versus 62% (26/42) for basic sciences (p = 0.09). A significant decline of 37% in pharmacy practice publication rate was observed over the study period. Economically, an average of $11,393 was spent to publish one manuscript in pharmacy practice versus $8077 in basic sciences. The results suggest that pharmacy practice should redefine a paradigm of commitment to scholarship to provide firm evidence for supporting science and sustaining professional growth.
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Febrianti, Ira, and Mufidah Mufidah. "Pengaruh Likuiditas, Struktur Modal, dan Profitabilitas terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Industri Sub Sektor Farmasi yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015 – 2019." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 21, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i2.1574.
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This research aims to analize the effect of liquidity, equity structure and profitability on firm value in pharmacy manufacturing companies listed on The Jakarta Stock Exchange. Research Methodology use the data panel regression analysis method with the model used is fixed effect. The result of the F test show that liquidity, equity structure and profitability together effect the firm value. Meanwhile, in the t test, only profitability has an influence on firm value.
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Zheng, Yi, Li Liu, Victor Shi, Bin Liu, and Wenxing Huang. "Price Cap Models in Pharmaceutical Online-to-Offline Supply Chains." Complexity 2020 (November 6, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7471948.
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Pharmaceutical supply chains are often highly complex with conflicting objectives of social welfare and profit maximization. Furthermore, there are various stakeholders including pharmaceutical manufacturer, distributors, retailers, patients, and the government. In this paper, we consider a two-stage supply chain consisting of one pharmaceutical manufacturer and a pharmacy with online and offline channels. We focus on four price cap models: no price cap regulation, pharmaceutical manufacturer’s price cap regulation, pharmacy price cap regulation, and linkage price cap regulation. We apply game theory, investigate how the price cap regulations affect the firms’ pricing, and evaluate the economic performance and social welfare of the dual-channel pharmaceutical supply chain. Our findings show that first, like the single-channel pharmaceutical supply chain, the profit of the regulated firm always decreases and the profit of the unregulated firm always increases when they are under one-sided price cap regulations. Second, the impacts of the linkage price cap regulation on the supply chain are more complicated depending on the linkage coefficient and market share. Overall, our findings can provide theoretical and practical insights to help the government devise price cap regulations for complex modern pharmaceutical supply chains.
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Nugroho, Dwiyanjana Santyo. "The Effect of Financial Condition on Firm Value: A Comparative Study." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Bisnis 16, no. 2 (May 10, 2021): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jiab.2021.v16.i02.p02.
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This study analyzes a company’s financial condition on firm value. We also evaluated the difference in firm value between corporate sectors affected and unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The regression analysis model used is the random effect model as well as the difference-in-difference technique. The study uses data from the company’s interim financial reports for the first and second quarters of 2018, 2019, and 2020. We found that firm size and leverage influence firm values. This applies to companies in the affected sectors, such as hotel, restaurant, and tourism sub-sectors, and unaffected sectors, such as health, pharmacy, and telecommunication sub-sectors. We also found that firm values in affected and unaffected sectors, before and during COVID-19, do not significantly differ.
Keywords: COVID-19, financial condition, firm value
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Thompson, Sara. "GPAs, PCATs, and Coupons: Wilting Quality in Pharmacy School Admissions and the Impact on Pharmacy Faculty." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 11, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v11i3.3349.
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Introduction: The number of available seats in US pharmacy schools has reached unprecedented numbers as applications are on the decline. A combination of forces signals that admissions to pharmacy school are becoming less selective. Commentary: The conflict of balancing a need to fill the incoming class while maintaining selectivity is a growing problem in pharmacy education. Faculty may notice changes in the student quality and ultimately, program and graduate quality. Pressure from administration hinders faculty governance with negative consequences that impact faculty morale and the profession as a whole. Maintaining a firm position in the face of reduced applications is challenging but necessary if we are to protect the students we seek to support as faculty and stewards of the pharmacy profession. Implications: Faculty governance is at risk as pressure exists to admit less-prepared students into programs. Faculty must advocate for responsible leadership by initiating dialogue on admissions and selectivity. Furthermore, faculty mentorship programs need a new level of discussion that includes analysis and understanding of this paradigm in pharmacy academia. Article Type: Commentary
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Salehi, Mahdi, Hossein Tarighi, and Malihe Rezanezhad. "Empirical study on the effective factors of social responsibility disclosure of Iranian companies." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 26, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabes-06-2018-0028.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to investigate the relationship between some characteristics of corporations including firm size, financial leverage, profitability, firm age and the type of industry with social responsibility disclosure of firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE); and second, to study the association between the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) and some of the audit variables such as audit fees, audit tenure and audit firm’ size. Design/methodology/approach The study population consists of 125 firms listed on the TSE during the years 2010–2015. Following Salehi et al. (2017), content analysis is used to measure the level of social responsibility disclosure, and hypotheses are performed using multiple regression analysis and R software. Findings The results represented that there is a positive significant relationship between a firm size and a firm age with the level of CSRD. However, there is a negative significant association between financial leverage and profitability with the level of CSRD. Given that CSRD is different among various industries and the type of industry can be an influential factor in CSRD, an industry type’ variable in the fourth hypothesis is of a type of index variable and has eight levels, of which the first level is ranked as the base level. Our findings showed that the level of CSRD at industries of machinery and appliances, production of metal products, food and beverage products, and textiles is lower than the baseline level (pharmacy). Nevertheless, companies in the fifth industry (mineral products) have a higher level of CSRD in comparison with the pharmacy industry. Moreover, the authors find that there is a significant positive connection between audit fees and CSRD. This implies that Iranian managers in an inflationary economy probably manage earnings when they provide more CSRDs, which leads to increase in the audit risk and audit fees. Practical implications Needless to say, the findings of this paper will have practical implications for investors, auditors and other users of financial statements. First of all, this study will aware them of the fact that when a country faces economic sanctions and most of its companies are in financial strain investors should not consider the firms engaging in corporate social responsibility activities to behave morally and provide transparent financial reports. Second, the results will convince auditors to be conservative toward the firms that are financially distressed, for audit risk of them will be high. Thus, policymakers should be cautious concerning directors’ opportunistic actions and increase monitoring to enforce social obedience. Originality/value The turning point of this research is related to the time period of research related to firms that have faced severe financial problems due to economic sanctions. In fact, the study revealed another aspect of CSRD that could have negative consequences when managers are in financial strain and take opportunistic actions.
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Rahma, Destria Melia, and Hexana Sri Lastanti. "PENGARUH PERATAAN LABA DAN STRUKTUR MODAL TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN RISIKO PASAR SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI." Jurnal Akuntansi Trisakti 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jat.v10i1.16233.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of income smoothing and capital structure on firm value with market risk as a moderating variable. The population in this research are manufacturing companies subsector pharmacy listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014 – 2021. This research uses multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 26 program. The sample selection uses a purposive sampling method which produces 72 sample that are worth observing and researching. Based on the analysis results show that, income smoothing has a negative impact on firm value, capital structure has not a negative impact on firm value and market risk has not strengthes income smoothing on firm value and market risk. The result of this research have several practical and theoritical implications, companies must minimize the practice of income smoothing so that published financial reports reflect the actual condition of the company in order to increase the firm value along with investor confidence to invest.
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Montoya, Miguel A., and Mauricio Cervantes. "The Role of Regulation in the Development and Internationalization of Social Firms." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 7047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127047.
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We seek to understand the drivers of the internationalization of emerging-market social firms. To accomplish this, we conducted a case study analysis of the Mexican multinational Farmacias Similares. The firm created a chain of pharmacies that sold generic medicines to poor consumers and included a low-cost doctor next to the pharmacy to address the lack of widespread medical insurance. It then became a multinational by expanding in Latin America. The analysis of the case reveals three insights. First, innovations addressing development challenges can be separated into two types, social and frugal, depending on whether they solve public-good or low-income problems. Second, changes in industry regulation facilitate the development of social firms and sustainable development within the country. Third, differences in regulations across countries constrain the internationalization of social innovations more than frugal innovations of emerging-market social firms.
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Pratiwi, Hening, Susi Ari Kristina, Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, and Yayi Suryo Prabandari. "Pharmacy students' empathy and its determinants: a systematic review." F1000Research 12 (January 6, 2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.127017.1.
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Background: Empathy in the context of healthcare is an immersion experience to comprehend patients' viewpoints, feelings, and emotions, without passing judgment, to ensure they receive the necessary treatment to feel comfortable. Empathy for others must be possessed by healthcare professionals and healthcare students as healthcare professionals’ candidates, including the pharmacy student. This study aimed to identify and assess the determinants related to pharmacy students' empathy. Methods: Three electronic databases were used for the first searches. We used peer-reviewed original papers, full text, must assess determinants that are associated with pharmacy students' empathy, and only be focused on pharmacy students (first to the fourth year) as healthcare professionals candidates. We utilized Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists to observe the quality of published publications and reduce bias. Results: This review examined 14 papers that reported on determinants connected to pharmacy students' empathy. Nine studies evaluated the association between sex and the level of empathy, seven studies reported educational intervention, four studies discussed the year of study, two studies explained the type of school, four studies evaluated experience, and others determinants that discussed in the included studies were career preference, intercultural sensitivity, stigma, altruism, grit, self-awareness, marital status, and family income Conclusions: Educational intervention, experience, gender or sex, type of school, year of study, intercultural sensitivity, career preference, altruism, grit, self-awareness, marital status, and family income, can all have a positive impact on increased empathy among pharmacy students. We acknowledge that the included studies are heterogeneous, indicating that additional studies are necessary before reaching any firm conclusions. More research is needed to properly understand how empathy can be improved with the most effective pharmacy educational strategies. Higher levels of evidence are also required in studies to address the potential bias caused using self-report questionnaires, as well as other potential biases and inaccuracies.
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Patton, Kurt A. "Provision of Pharmacy Services to Psychiatric Patients: A Perspective." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 3, no. 4 (August 1990): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009000300403.
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This article describes New York State's experience in advancing its mental health pharmacy programs. Implementation in a systematic fashion of accountable drug distribution services and basic clinical services is described. The approach used builds upon a firm foundation using a unit-dose system, a prerequisite before progressing with clinical initiatives. This base of activity is then improved by implementing computerization, clinical prescribing guidelines for drug use evaluation, and direct patient involvement with medication education. The planning necessary in order to prepare a unit-dose system is described. Issues considered include staffing estimates, recruitment of a work force, and training of new and existing staff. The problems encountered in implementing change within a large state bureaucracy, as well as the rewards and frustrations of working in this challenging environment, are discussed.
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Anjalidaisy, S., and C. Vijayabanu. "A STUDY ON THE MAGNITUDE OF HUMAN RESOURCE IN SUN AND RANBAXY MERGER." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i1.14890.
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ABSTRACTSun Pharmaceutical is a trailblazer in Indian pharmaceutical sector, and one of the foremost competitors in the generic drug market sets its eye onRanbaxy. Sun pharmacy which was established in 1983 listed from 1994 has its upper hand in product development. Ranbaxy was incorporated in1973, and Daiichi Sankyo, a Japanese firm, got a controlling share from 2008. This amalgamation between Sun Pharmacy and Ranbaxy would getprofitable transaction for the former. The process of the coalition was a cloak and dagger affair until April 6, 2014. Before mergers and acquisitions,a company has to create an urgency call among the employees which will result in better understanding of the whole scenario. The aspects are abouthow financial motives and non-financial motives play a major role in mergers. This case deals with the human resource issues and complexities facedby the two players in the same business.Keywords: Merger, Acquisition, Change management, Human resource, Employee engagement, Corporate strategy.
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Luo, Amy, J. Warren Salmon, and Bruce Lambert. "U.S. Pharmaceutical Firm Prospects within the People's Republic of China." Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 2, no. 3 (May 1996): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.1996.2.3.240.
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SERI AMELISA KUSUMAWATI. "INFLUENCE FREE CASH FLOW, FIRM SIZE AND LEVERAGE ON PROFIT MANAGEMENT IN PHARMACY COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE IN THE 2018-2021 PERIOD." MANKEU (JURNAL MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN) 1, no. 3 (October 15, 2023): 346–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.61167/mnk.v1i3.81.
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This research aims to determine the effect Free Cash Flow, Firm Size and Leverage on Profit Management in Pharmaceutical Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 Period. The population in this research are pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period. The sampling method used in this research is method purposive sampling In a 4 year period in 11 pharmaceutical companies, 44 company data samples were obtained. The analysis used in this research is quantitative analysis with the help of the SPSS analysis tool (Statistical Package Social Science). The results of the analysis in this study show that partially Free Cash Flow has an effect on Profit Management with a sig value of 0.041<0.05, partially Firm Size has no effect on Profit Management with a sig value of 0.730>0.05, partially Leverage has no effect on Profit Management with a sig value of 0.102>0.05, and simultaneously obtained F count 2.062 <F table 2.839 with a significant level of 0.121>0.05 indicating that Free Cash Flow, Firm Size and Leverage has no effect on earnings management. Coefficient of Determination (R2) in this study Free Cash Flow, Firm Size and Leverage has an influence on earnings management of 13.4%, while the rest is given by other variables not examined in this research. It can be concluded that this shows the size of free cash flow, firm size and leverage will not have an impact on companies that carry out earnings management.
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Rita Mulyani and Retno Fuji Oktaviani. "ANALYSIS OF FUNDING AND INVESTATION DECISIONS TO THE VALUE OF COMPANY WITH PROFITABILITY AS MODERATION IN PHARMACY SUB-SECTOR COMPANIES BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, Akuntansi dan Perbankan (JESKaPe) 6, no. 2 (October 17, 2022): 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52490/jeskape.v6i2.515.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of decisions, funding and investment decisions on the company and analyze the profitability of being able to moderate the effect of funding and investment decisions on the value of the pharmaceutical company sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period, namely before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods The analysis used is multiple regression with R studio tools for statistical data processing. The results showed that the funding decision proxied by DER had no effect on firm value. Investment decisions proxied by PER have an influence on firm value. The profitability variable in this study is able to moderate the effect of investment decisions and decisions on firm value.
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Andia, Tatiana, César Mantilla, Álvaro Morales, Santiago Ortiz, and Paul Rodriguez-Lesmes. "Extracting low-cost signals of perceived quality control in community pharmacies: a simulated client study of contraceptive dispensing in Bogotá." Lecturas de Economía, no. 96 (February 14, 2022): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n96a344243.
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We determine whether community pharmacies in Bogotá produce differential quality signals, and if they are related to an objective quality measure: the compliance with prescription rules. In this quantitative descriptive study, we use the simulated client methodology (N=298) to assess whether Bogota’s community pharmacies comply with prescription rules related to contraceptive medications. We find that one per cent of the staff at the pharmacy asked for a prescription when the pills were requested. Five per cent of the staff asked additional questions that signal knowledge or interest in the correct delivery of pills. We do not find differences by socio-economic level or type of pharmacy ownership (i.e., large firm versus independent) regarding the request of prescriptions or further questions about the pills. Concerning the aesthetic signals of quality, independent pharmacies were less likely to display a diploma of their chemist, and the likelihood that their staff wore white coats was also lower. We conclude that Bogota’s community pharmacies differentiation is based on simple signals associated with a professional image, but not with actual procedures that guarantee the safety of consumers.
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Bilous, M. V., O. P. Shmatenko, O. A. Ryzhov, T. S. Raikova, and D. V. Drozdov. "Logistic outsourcing in pharmacy. the theory and practice." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 3-4 (August 14, 2018): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.3-4.17.02.
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Today, the introduction and application of a logistics approach to resource management allows pharmaceutical companies to increase their social, environmental and economic efficiency.
The article is aimed to research the essence of the concept, types and party of logistic outsourcing in practical pharmacy. To reach the aimreview of foreign and domestic scientific sources and the existing legal framework of Ukraine on this issue have been analyzed. Investigation methods were bibliographic and analytical ones.
The results of these studies indicate the today outsourcing is one of the main logistics strategies of domestic pharmaceutical companies, which is actively used in the sphere of IT-technologies and warehouse services. At the same time for ensuring high-quality providing outsourcing services, a legal and regulatory framework is needed that standardizes the interaction between firm customer and the outsourcer, also the development of standards for the provision of services of a certain type of outsourcing. Wide introduction of logistics outsourcing, as a modern form of optimization of logistics business processes, requires the formation of professional competence among future pharmacists in pharmaceutical logistics, its tools and strategies, i.e. training of competitive professionals capable of working in various directions of practical pharmacy.
Introduction of the topic «Logistic outsourcing in practical pharmacy» in the educational process of students of pharmaceutical faculties (university), pharmacists-interns and pharmacists at the postgraduate level of training is necessary. It will improve the theoretical and practical training of future specialist pharmaceutists and will allow them to apply the knowledge which would be gained in the future in logistics outsourcing in the activities of pharmaceutical companies.
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Fraser, Gilles L., and Joe P. Mckenna. "Monitoring Low Molecular Weight Heparins with antiXa Activity: House of Cards or Firm Foundation?" Hospital Pharmacy 38, no. 3 (March 2003): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870303800302.
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This feature examines the impact of pharmacologic interventions on the treatment of the critically ill patient — an area of health care that has become increasingly complex. It will review recent advances (including evolving and controversial data) in drug therapy for adult ICU patients and assess these new modalities in terms of clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes.
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Gerson, Stanton L., Kate Shaw, Louis B. Harrison, Randall F. Holcombe, Laura Hutchins, Carrie B. Lee, Patrick J. Loehrer, et al. "Status of Cancer Care at Network Sites of the Nation’s Academic Cancer Centers." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 19, no. 6 (June 2021): 726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2020.7656.
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Background: Cancer care coordination across major academic medical centers and their networks is evolving rapidly, but the spectrum of organizational efforts has not been described. We conducted a mixed-methods survey of leading cancer centers and their networks to document care coordination and identify opportunities to improve geographically dispersed care. Methods: A mixed-methods survey was sent to 91 cancer centers in the United States and Canada. We analyzed the number and locations of network sites; access to electronic medical records (EMRs); clinical research support and participation at networks; use of patient navigators, care paths, and quality measures; and physician workforce. Responses were collected via Qualtrics software between September 2017 and December 2018. Results: Of the 69 responding cancer centers, 74% were NCI-designated. Eighty-seven percent of respondents were part of a matrix health system, and 13% were freestanding. Fifty-six reported having network sites. Forty-three respondents use navigators for disease-specific populations, and 24 use them for all patients. Thirty-five respondents use ≥1 types of care path. Fifty-seven percent of networks had complete, integrated access to their main center’s EMRs. Thirty-nine respondents said the main center provides funding for clinical research at networks, with 22 reporting the main center provides all funding. Thirty-five said the main center provided pharmacy support at the networks, with 15 indicating the main center provides 100% pharmacy support. Certification program participation varied extensively across networks. Conclusions: The data show academic cancer centers have extensive involvement in network cancer care, often extending into rural communities. Coordinating care through improved clinical trial access and greater use of patient navigation, care paths, coordinated EMRs, and quality measures is likely to improve patient outcomes. Although it is premature to draw firm conclusions, the survey results are appropriate for mapping next steps and data queries.
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Scott, Peter, and James T. Walker. "Retailing under resale price maintenance: Economies of scale and scope, and firm strategic response, in the inter-war British retail pharmacy sector." Business History 60, no. 6 (June 21, 2017): 807–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2017.1340455.
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Surdu, Amelia, Livia Bobu, Daniel Cioloca, Claudiu Topoliceanu, Cristiana Filip, Ancuta Goriuc, Mihaela Monica Scutariu, and Alice Murariu. "Study Regarding the Relationship between Nutritional Status and Oral Health in the Elderly Patients." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 8 (September 15, 2019): 3032–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.8.7481.
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The aim of study was to investigate the relationship between oral health and nutritional status in a population of elderly patients with systemic chronic or acute pathology. Materials and method: Prospective cross-sectional clinical investigation of 115 aged patients (] 60 yo; mean age 66.2) from the Clinical Foundation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi. In the first stage of the study, the patients (able to understand and communicate) were submitted to a mini-test for the assessment of the mental status (MMSE) . In the second stage of the study, a questionnaire was used to record demographic and socioeconomic data of the subjects as well as information regarding systemic status and nutritional facts. In the third stage of the study, the nutritional status was evaluated by using Mini-Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA). Finally, the oral status was evaluated by using clinical and radiographical exams as well as geriatric oral health assessment index (GOHAI). Results: Of the 60 old adults, 6% were severely malnourished, and 37.4% presented malnourished risk. 49.6% of the old people had difficulties eating firm foods, 25% of them being unable to prepare meals. Regarding oral status, only 5.2% had at least 20 natural teeth, 55.6% required dental care for decayed or broken teeth, 69.6% were affected by xerostomia, 21% of the completely or partial edentulous people were untreated by removable dentures, 25% of the edentulous patients complained by ill-fitted removable dentures. Conclusion: Lack of education, treatment with over 3 drugs daily, physical inability to buy foods or to prepare meals, as well as the difficulties eating firm foods are strongly associated with poor nutritional status. Also, the need for dental care was associated to nutritional deficiency.
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Hamidah, Nurul, Heri Prabowo, and Ira Setiawati. "ANALISIS RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI) DAN RESIDUAL INCOME (RI) GUNA MENILAI KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Syariah 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.55883/jiemas.v2i1.10.
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This research is motivated by the company's goals that are to generate profits, maximize firm value, and minimize costs. To find out whether or not the company's goals are achieved, it is necessary to know the financial performance of the company. This study uses an investment center assessment based on Return On Investment and Residual income. The type of research used is the descriptive quantitative approach and the sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The object of the research is PT Industri Jamu and Pharmacy Sido Muncul, Tbk which is listed on the IDX for the 2016-2020 period. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data is in the form of financial statements that is balance sheets and profit/loss statements taken from the annual financial statements. In this study, the data collection technique which the researcher used has two methods, that is documentation and literature study. The results show that the company's ability to process ROI is stable because the percentage continues to increase every year. The company's ability to return on investment can be said to be quite good. According to the calculation of Residual Income (RI), the result is negative, which means the company has not been able to generate economic added value for shareholders and its financial performance has not been effective and efficient because RI > 0
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SS, Vishal Anand, Rakshith UR, and Srikanth MS. "A Review on Palmoplantar keratodermas." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology(IJPSN) 15, no. 6 (December 12, 2022): 6258–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.6.8.
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A palmoplantar keratoderma is a group of hereditary, keratinization disorders characterised by hyperkeratotic thickening of the palms and soles. PPK presents in three forms namely diffuse, focal & punctate. The aetiological factors of Palmoplantar keratoderma are drug-related, chemical-related, systemic disease-related, infection-related, & idiopathic. Palmoplantar keratodermas are diagnosed based on their clinical manifestations and forms. Tiny raindrop-shaped lesions, which are relatively uncommon in nature are one of the clinical symptoms of Type-I PPK. The papules are round and hyperkeratotic and the lesions are yellow to flesh-coloured, well-circumscribed, and firm to the touch. Type-II usually presents with small spines to protrude from the palms and soles whereas Type-III is characterised by tiny flat or umbilicated keratotic shining papules to form along the palms, soles, and digits borders. The prevalence of PPK is less among Indian populations hence managing these conditions might be more challenging due to limited treatment options. However, managing these conditions is based on the classifications and their presentation.
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RINGOLD, SARAH, SHANNON GRANT, CHARMAINE GIRDISH, CAROL A. WALLACE, and SEAN D. SULLIVAN. "Methotrexate and Injectable Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitor Adherence and Persistence in Children with Rheumatic Diseases." Journal of Rheumatology 40, no. 1 (November 1, 2012): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.120753.
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Objective.To measure adherence and persistence with methotrexate (MTX) and injectable tumor necrosis factor-α (iTNF-α) inhibitors (etanercept, adalimumab) among children prescribed these medications by a rheumatologist.Methods.Data were obtained from a US pharmacy benefits management firm. Children were included if they were < 18 years of age, had ≥ 1 prescription claim between January 2009 and December 2010 for MTX or an iTNF-α inhibitor that was prescribed by an adult or pediatric rheumatologist. The medication possession ratio (MPR) was calculated for each medication, with MPR ≥ 80% indicating good adherence. MPR were compared by route of administration, age, and by new users versus continuing users. Persistence was measured for new users of each medication from initiation until discontinuation, or for a maximum of 1 year.Results.A total of 1964 children were included. The majority of children had MPR < 80%. Children taking subcutaneous MTX had the lowest mean MPR [46.9%; median 44.9%; interquartile range (IQR) 23%–69.6%] and the lowest persistence, with 26% of children continuing the medication at 1 year. Mean MPR was highest for iTNF-α (65.7%; median 70.1%; IQR 46%–89.3%), as was persistence, with 52% of children continuing the medication at 1 year. Children age < 13 years tended to have higher MPR, but this was statistically significant only for oral MTX (61.1% vs 54.9% in children age ≥ 13 yrs; p = 0.02).Conclusion.Adherence and persistence in this cohort varied by medication and route of administration. Both outcomes are important considerations for physicians prescribing these medications in routine clinical care and for the assessment of treatment effectiveness in the research setting.
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Dolar, Mladen. "Deconstructing voice." Musicological Annual 41, no. 2 (December 1, 2005): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/mz.41.2.7-18.
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The paper takes its starting point in Derrida's famous essay 'Plato's Pharmacy', one of the birthplaces of deconstruction. After briefly delineating Derrida's argument about phonocentrism and the pharmakon as both the poison and the cure, it tries to argue for a different view about the relationship of voice and writing. If one takes a closer look at Plato's conception of music, one can see that Plato sees the danger not only in the supplementarity of writing, but also in the voice itself. The voice, if it strays away from the firm footing in the word, in logos, has the perilous property of presenting the pure frivolous enjoyment, it threatens to mollify the spirit by its sensuality and effemination and thus to undermine the very bases of social and moral structures. Thus it appears that the analysis of pharmakon can apply equally, or even more appropriately, to the voice as to writing. A long tradition followed in Plato's footsteps and the paper briefly examines St. Augustine, the problems that the voice presented for church music and finally the French revolution, which tried to legislate in musical matters unwittingly following Plato's recipes. So throughout the metaphysical tradition the voice was not merely seen as the safeguard of phonocentrism and the 'metaphysics of presence', but presented also the perilous underside of dislocating the presence, not merely supporting the logos, but also dismantling it. The history of music massively testifies to the inherent ambiguity of the voice itself. So the problem is not just deconstructing the voice as the pledge of phonocentrism, but also of the voice being itself deconstructive of the presence. Hence the ambiguity of the title.
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Gohlke, Angela L., Katherine M. Murphy, Megan E. Cannell, David B. Ray, and Melinda J. Burnworth. "Igniting the Fire Within." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 3 (April 3, 2013): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013482333.
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Due to the expanding role of pharmacy in health care, it is imperative that pharmacy professionals work together to advocate for the profession. An English-language only literature search was conducted of the PubMed and Medline databases using the key words advocacy, grassroots, political action committee, lobbying, politics, political action, legislation, letter writing, pharmacy, pharmacist, Capitol Hill. Up-to-date information regarding pharmacy-specific advocacy was limited and difficult to locate. Information from the literature search was supplemented with interviews of professionals actively engaged in advocacy, personal experience, and Web sites of national pharmacy organizations. This primer ignites the fire for political advocacy within pharmacy professionals by reinforcing the significant impact that advocacy has on the profession and by providing information on how to become involved. The primer provides a comprehensive “pocket guide” of resources combined into an easy-to-use reference for pharmacy professionals and outlines a structured approach on how to become a pharmacy advocate, ranging from a minimal level of involvement to master political activist, and to promote interest among pharmacy professionals to become more engaged with advocacy. Even a small act of advocacy or volunteerism can transform a spark into a raging fire.
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Ruiz-Alba, José L., Anabela Soares, Miguel A. Rodríguez-Molina, and Dolores M. Frías-Jamilena. "Servitization strategies from customers’ perspective: the moderating role of co-creation." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, no. 3 (April 1, 2019): 628–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-02-2017-0028.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the moderating role of co-creation in the implementation of servitization strategies in the pharmaceutical industry in a business-to-business (B-to-B) context. More specifically, this investigation explores the impact of different levels of services (base, intermediate and advanced) on servitization and on performance by using co-creation as a moderating factor. Design/methodology/approach A research framework was developed and empirically tested in the pharmaceutical sector. Data collection was conducted through the online distribution of questionnaires. The final sample included 219 pharmacy stores, and the data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings Main findings suggest that when the level of co-creation of the design of services is high, there are significant effects of servitization on firm performance. The moderating effect of co-creation is illustrated in regard to intermediate and advanced services, but results referring to the impact of intermediate services on servitization appear non-significant with a low degree of co-creation. No significant effects could be found for the impact of base services on performance and servitization for both high and low degrees of co-creation. Findings show an impact of advanced services on performance through the mediating effect of servitization when the degree of co-creation is high. Originality/value Most research concerning servitization has been done from the perspective of manufacturers and service providers. This study adds value to the literature because it was designed from a customer’s perspective. Moreover, it contributes towards the conceptualization of the servitization research strategy and business models in a B2B context. This is accomplished through the investigation of the moderating effect of co-creation on the impact of the different levels of services on servitization and on performance.
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MacLaren, Robert, Joanna C. Dionne, Anders Granholm, Waleed Alhazzani, Paul M. Szumita, Keith Olsen, Jeffrey F. Barletta, et al. "Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Guideline for the Prevention of Stress-Related Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Critically Ill Adults." Critical Care Medicine 52, no. 8 (July 15, 2024): e421-e430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000006330.
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RATIONALE: Critically ill adults can develop stress-related mucosal damage from gastrointestinal hypoperfusion and reperfusion injury, predisposing them to clinically important stress-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). OBJECTIVES: The objective of this guideline was to develop evidence-based recommendations for the prevention of UGIB in adults in the ICU. DESIGN: A multiprofessional panel of 18 international experts from dietetics, critical care medicine, nursing, and pharmacy, and two methodologists developed evidence-based recommendations in alignment with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Conflict-of-interest policies were strictly followed during all phases of guideline development including task force selection and voting. METHODS: The panel members identified and formulated 13 Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome questions. We conducted a systematic review for each question to identify the best available evidence, statistically analyzed the evidence, and then assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. We used the evidence-to-decision framework to formulate the recommendations. Good practice statements were included to provide additional guidance. RESULTS: The panel generated nine conditional recommendations and made four good practice statements. Factors that likely increase the risk for clinically important stress-related UGIB in critically ill adults include coagulopathy, shock, and chronic liver disease. There is no firm evidence for mechanical ventilation alone being a risk factor. Enteral nutrition probably reduces UGIB risk. All critically ill adults with factors that likely increase the risk for stress-related UGIB should receive either proton pump inhibitors or histamine-2 receptor antagonists, at low dosage regimens, to prevent UGIB. Prophylaxis should be discontinued when critical illness is no longer evident or the risk factor(s) is no longer present despite ongoing critical illness. Discontinuation of stress ulcer prophylaxis before transfer out of the ICU is necessary to prevent inappropriate prescribing. CONCLUSIONS: The guideline panel achieved consensus regarding the recommendations for the prevention of stress-related UGIB. These recommendations are intended for consideration along with the patient’s existing clinical status.
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Cada, Dennis J., Terri L. Levien, and Danial E. Baker. "Golimumab." Hospital Pharmacy 44, no. 10 (October 2009): 894–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj4410-894.
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Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing inservices. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The October 2009 monograph topics are fentanyl buccal soluble film, laromustine, paliperidone injection, saxagliptin, and trepostinil inhalation. The DUE is on fentanyl soluble film.
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McCarron, K., G. Kaur, and I. Kasmani. "Are we ‘prescribing’ MCAs correctly? A mixed method study investigating the appropriateness of MCAs initiated from hospitals within a large NHS trust." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_1 (April 1, 2022): i46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac019.064.
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Abstract Introduction Medication non-adherence is a significant public health issue and a drain on NHS resources, therefore an important issue for patients, policy makers and healthcare professionals. Non-adherence results in poorer health outcomes and increased hospital admissions (1). Multi-compartment compliance aids (MCAs) are being utilised as a ‘cure all’ for all causes of non-adherence when an evidence base for overall benefit is sparse. Evidence highlights that MCA introduction may only be beneficial in a few select cohorts (2). Aim The study aim was to assess the appropriateness and patients’ opinions of newly initiated MCAs for patients over 65 in hospital. Methods A retrospective longitudinal cohort study investigated patients (≥65 years) newly initiated on MCAs in hospital. Ward-based pharmacists identified new MCA initiations between October 2020 and March 2021 across four hospital sites in a large NHS trust. Factor analysis of the data was used to identify the rationale and appropriateness of MCA initiation using UK-based assessment toolkits (NHS Tayside and ‘All in Order’ criteria by the University of East Anglia). Semi-structured interviews were conducted in a sample of patients prospectively via questionnaire. Interviews focussed on patients’ confidence managing their medications, ability to recall their medication regime and their opinions of MCA initiation into their care. Results Thirty new MCA initiations were identified during the data collection period with 87% (n=26) identified as inappropriate initiations according to UK-based assessment tools. Only one initiation was found to have a formal MCA assessment undertaken. Approximately two-thirds of MCAs were initiated for the introduction of home-carers via social care (67%; n=20). The next most common reasons for initiation were family requests (13%; n=4) and perceived cognitive impairment by healthcare professionals (13%; n=4), with a further 2 MCAs initiated for mobility issues (n=1) and lack of confidence (n=1). Over a third of MCA initiations (37 %; n=11) were prescribed <4 medications. Healthcare professional initiation requests commonly came from occupational therapists (37%; n=11); however, only 18% (n=2) of these were found to be appropriate. Overall, patient opinions on MCAs varied. Those with less confidence in their medicines were more in favour of their initiation; however, those more involved and understanding of their medication regime were less accepting of MCA introduction. Conclusion A significant number of MCAs are being started for inappropriate reasons according to validated UK toolkits e.g. initiations for social care input, lack of polypharmacy and family request. Only one initiation was linked to a documented formal assessment implying further guidance and training is required for the multidisciplinary team to ensure appropriate, evidence-based provision of MCAs. Involving the patient/carer as part of a patient- centred care assessment is essential to ensure there is understanding of how to use an MCA and to reduce unwarranted ‘over-prescribing’ of MCAs to inappropriate patient groups. Individual patient -centred assessments may combat perceived medication non-adherence as having a ‘catch all’ solution. The small sample size of this study limits the ability to draw firm conclusions, especially regarding patient opinions on MCAs. References (1) Watson SJ, Aldus CF, Bond C, Bhattacharya D. Systematic review of the health and societal effects of medication organisation devices. BMC health services research. 2016 Dec;16(1):1-3. (2) Mahtani KR, Heneghan CJ, Glasziou PP, Perera R. Reminder packaging for improving adherence to self-administered long-term medications. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011(9).
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Alomi, Yousef Ahmed, Badriya Mufflih Alrasheedi, Mohannad Ali Abu Sabah, Naif Saleh Alamri, Abdulah Khalid Al Otaibi, Mohammed Hakami, Rola AL Kenani, Samah Mukhlef Alzaid, Areej Abdullah Al Jasser, and Farida Hamad Alsaiari. "Pharmacy Safety and Occupational Health: Fire Safety Perspectives." International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences 12, no. 3 (March 4, 2024): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijpcs.2023.12.22.
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Shapovalov, Valentyn, Viktoriia Shapovalova, Alina Osyntseva, and Valerii Shapovalov. "The Relevance of Acquiring of Legal Knowledge Concerning Labor Protection, Fire Safety, Sanitary and Epidemiological Regime for Health Care Professionals." SSP Modern Law and Practice 4, no. 1 (January 26, 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53933/sspmlp.v4i1.127.
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The acquisition of legal knowledge pertaining to labor protection, fire safety, and sanitary and epidemiological regime is crucial for healthcare professionals, underscoring a multifaceted relevance in their field. Primarily, such knowledge ensures the safety and well-being of both healthcare workers and patients. Understanding labor protection laws helps healthcare professionals recognize their rights and responsibilities, leading to safer work environments. This knowledge is pivotal in preventing occupational hazards, which are prevalent in healthcare settings, including exposure to infectious diseases, chemical substances, and physical strain. Furthermore, legal knowledge in these areas enhances the professional competency of healthcare workers, promoting a comprehensive approach to patient care and facility management. It empowers healthcare professionals to advocate for better working conditions and patient safety, reflecting their commitment to ethical and legal standards in healthcare. The key aspects of the work program under the normative educational component "Occupational safety and occupational safety in the industry" in the training of specialists of the second (master's) level of higher education in the specialty 226 "Pharmacy, industrial pharmacy", specialization 226.01 "Pharmacy" of the field of knowledge 22 "Health care" were analyzed I". The training of future occupational health and safety specialists is aimed at the formation of professional skills and knowledge necessary for effective work in the modern pharmaceutical environment of occupational safety and health. The study determined the priority directions of the educational process: legislative regulation in the field of labor protection, fire safety, and the sanitary-epidemiological regime in pharmacy. The relevance of acquiring legal knowledge of labor protection, fire safety, sanitary and epidemiological regime by future healthcare sector specialists were substantiated. The presented conclusions and recommendations can serve as a basis for further improvement of the educational process and training of masters who will successfully implement their knowledge in practice, ensuring a high level of safety and efficiency in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Liao, Xue Bing, Shuang Xian Xie, Hai Yan Zhao, and Rui Zhang. "Design of Controlled Fire Bottle Filling Equipment of New Self-Propelled Artillery." Advanced Materials Research 940 (June 2014): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.940.401.
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According to the pharmacy filling technical requirements of controlled fire extinguishers of self-propelled artillery, a "time-controlled continuous filling" filling method was proposed, problem of the extinguishing agent mixed with the air filled with ice clogging pipes media is solved, and two extinguishing agent pressurized filling and optimal timing nitrided cast/cutting process control are implemented. After the trial, controllable fire extinguishers filled with equipment with comprehensive, secure, reliable, good stability, can greatly reduce the cost of equipment maintenance.
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Smith, Brent, and Thanigavelan Jambulingam. "Entrepreneurial orientation." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 12, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 158–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-07-2017-0038.
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PurposeScholarship in the entrepreneurship and marketing literatures has helped advance thinking about how health care organizations create value for companies and consumers. However, there is an ongoing need for empirical research; hence, the purpose of this paper is to examine how entrepreneurial orientation and customer orientation influence healthcare (retail pharmacy) industry performance.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of the US retail pharmacies, the study applies partial least squares structural equation modeling to identify the direct and indirect effects of the entrepreneurial orientation constructs on company performance. The study also includes importance–performance analyses to prioritize for managers which orientations, dimensions and respective manifest items merit the most critical attention as contributors to pharmacy performance.FindingsWe find that the entrepreneurial orientation has a significant impact on customer orientation and company effectiveness. We also find that three dimensions – innovation, risk-taking, and proactiveness – exhibit stronger importance and performance than autonomy and competitive aggressiveness.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the present study employs data from firms of various sizes, it is limited to firms in the pharmacy industry. Although this study included established EO measures, one of the risk taking items was dropped from the final analysis. In certain research contexts, this result may or may not be consequential. Finally, this study employed nonfinancial measures for measuring performance. Using such measures is not uncommon and can offer insightful linkages to long-term organizational strategies in ways not afforded by conventional financial measures (Ittner and Larcker 2000); however, future research should, if possible, aim to capture financial and nonfinancial data.Practical implicationsIn the dynamic healthcare environment, entrepreneurial pharmacies that have the ability to innovate, take risks and be proactive can provide superior customer orientation and hence better performance.Social implicationsHealth care industry in general and pharmacies in particular have to be entrepreneurial to meet customer needs and hence the wellbeing of the society With the aging population and growth of complex diseases, pharmacies can provide better access to care delivery if they have entrepreneurial orientation.Originality/valueIn this study, partial least square modeling technique along with importance performance analysis was adopted for first time in this literature to identify key factors that contribute to EO. The findings will aid pharmacy managers to focus their initiatives on the three key dimensions to succeed in their retail pharmacy business.
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Freimuth, Alissa M., Alicia S. Cheng, Rurie W. Lee, Nicole L. Noel, Trexie M. Rudd, and Jane E. Krause. "Purdue College of Pharmacy's Response to the Hand Sanitizer Shortage during the Pandemic." Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement 8, no. 1 (2021): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317424.
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With the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), came struggles and hardships that were not foreseen. One of these struggles was to maintain an adequate supply of medical equipment, medications, and other necessities to help protect individuals and communities. Proper hand hygiene is an important part of the response to COVID-19. Sanitizing and taking steps to prevent contraction of COVID-19 was a high priority and with the high demand, the availability of hand sanitizer was scare. In March 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a policy allowing pharmacists to temporarily compound alcohol-based hand sanitizer during the public health emergency. This provided the Purdue University Pharmacy the opportunity to provide this essential service to the Purdue and local community. In collaboration with the Purdue University Pharmacy, four pharmacists, two pharmacy technicians, and five pharmacy students compounded a total of 831.36 liters of hand sanitizer (approximately 220 gallons) during March and April 2020. They packaged the product into smaller bottles (i.e., two ounces) and labeled them according to FDA guidelines. This resulted in over 13,000 bottles of hand sanitizer that was safe for human use. Many of the bottles were donated to campus and community agencies including food pantries and transitional housing and shelters to assist those most in need. While the remaining bottles were sold (at cost) to campus and community members, police departments, fire departments, sanitation departments, funeral homes, libraries, and childcare centers, to name just a few. Pharmacy students reflected on the experience and commented that the initiative impacted them both personally and professionally and provided a way to work together and give back to the community during this challenging time. This community outreach initiative helped to protect community members and allowed the pharmacy students to continue to learn during this uncertain time.
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Dusen, Virgil Van. "“Safe” Considerations: Burglary- and Fire-Resistant Devices for the Pharmacy." Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1996) 42, no. 4 (July 2002): 552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/108658002763029517.
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Ginting, Remilia Aprilia. "The Effect Of Capital Structure, Earning Management, Profitability, Free Cash Flow And Environment Cost On Firm Value With Dividend Policy As Moderating Variables In Pharmaceutical Sub Sector Companies Listed On The 2007-2019 Indonesia Stock Exchange Peri." Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 981–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jssh.v5i2.16477.
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Firm value is one of the branchmark of the success in firm management in its operation so that its customers will trust it. The objective of the research was to analyze the influence of capital structure, earnings management, profitability, free cash flow and environment cost on firm value in pharmacyl companies that carry out Initial Public Offering (IPO) policies for the period 2007-2019. It also tested the variable of dividend policy as moderating variable in this research model.The Population are companies that carry out an Initial Public Offering (IPO) policy for the period 2007-2019. The population of this study was 104, the sample selection method of this study used the purpoive sampling method with a total of 8 companies that met the criteria. The type of data used is secondary data and the data analysis technique used is cross sectional data analysis technique with the help of Eviews 10 software. The results of this study indicate that capital structure and earnings management have a significant positive effect on firm value, while profitability and environment cost have a significant positive effect on firm value. Negative and significant, and free cash flow has a negative and insignificant effect on firm value.
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Awad, Ala Shakeeb, Ahmet Ertugan, and Ayshe Hyusein. "Mode of Collaboration between the Pharmaceutical Firms and Pharmacists: An Empirical Investigation of Social Media Marketing Activities." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 13624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013624.
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This study aims to explain the antecedents of B2B customer satisfaction in the pharmaceutical industry of Jordan. The study mainly investigates the direct role of social media marketing on B2B pharmacy staff satisfaction through the lenses of the Kano model, value creation, and transaction efficiency. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from 573 pharmacy staff. Structural equation modelling and regression analysis were used to assess the constructed model’s validity. Results of the study show that the social media marketing construct had both direct and indirect impacts on B2B customer satisfaction. Specifically, the Kano model, value creation, and transaction efficiency’s mediating effect on the constructed model were found to be effective when building integrated marketing strategies for B2B customers in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Gusminarti, Gusminarti, Khairani Khairani, and Fajri Kurniawan. "Pemenuhan Kewajiban Perpajakan Apoteker Pemilik Usaha Apotik Pasca Diundangkanya UU Cipta Kerja." Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik 4, no. 3 (April 24, 2024): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v4i3.1964.
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In 2021 the government issued Minister of Health Regulation Number 14 of 2021 concerning Standards for Business Activities and Products in the Implementation of Risk-Based Business Licensing in the Health Sector (hereinafter abbreviated as Minister of Health Regulation No. 14 of 2021). In this regulation there are several changes, one of which is that the pharmacy must be owned by a pharmacist. If the pharmacy is not owned by a pharmacist, the capital owner may collaborate with the pharmacist by agreement before a notary. With this provision, there have been several changes for a pharmacist, one of which is regarding the fulfillment of tax obligations. Tax obligations for pharmacists who work only as pharmaceutical technical personnel, their tax obligations that must be fulfilled are only based on the KUP Law and Article 21 of the Income Tax Law Number 36 in 2008, which was most recently refined by Law Number 7 of 2021 concerning Harmonization of Tax Regulations. namely tax deductions by third parties, in this case by pharmacies. Meanwhile, with the Pharmacist's status as a Pharmacy owner, the fulfillment of his tax obligations will increase in accordance with Tax regulations, namely Business Entities. The problem is what if, during the course of the pharmacy business, the pharmacist who owns the pharmacy which was established based on the agreement resigns, what happens to fulfilling his tax obligations. In this regard, there are three problems that the researcher raises, first, what is the description of pharmacy ownership by pharmacists in West Sumatra, second, how to fulfill tax obligations for pharmacists as pharmaceutical workers and pharmacy owners in West Sumatra. third, problems encountered in fulfilling tax obligations by pharmacists who own pharmacies. In West Sumatra, the research uses research methods with an empirical juridical approach, descriptive research type, the data required is primary and secondary data as well as data collection techniques, interviews and document studies, data processing is carried out using qualitative analysis methods. The results of research on pharmacy ownership in West Sumatra are currently in various forms of business, namely Limited Liability Companies and Individual Businesses such as CVs and Firms so that ownership of Pharmacies is still owned by investors and currently there are 5 Pharmacies which are processing the extension of their Pharmacy Business Licenses and some have transferred their ownership to Children of financiers because they have completed their pharmacy studies, and there are also those who are currently processing business permits in the form of individual PT. Meanwhile, the tax obligations carried out by pharmacists as pharmacy business owners have not yet been implemented because currently pharmacies that use pharmacists as pharmacy owners with non-legal entity business forms are still in the process of processing their permits and legal entities. Problems encountered in fulfilling the tax obligations of pharmacists as business owners Pharmacies are still not visible, because the current status of Pharmacists still has the status of a Pharmaceutical Personnel, so their tax obligations are only limited to Income Tax Article 21.
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Cramer, Tobias. "Building the “World's Pharmacy”: The Rise of the German Pharmaceutical Industry, 1871–1914." Business History Review 89, no. 1 (2015): 43–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680515000057.
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The German pharmaceutical industry dominated global drug creation from the late nineteenth century to World War I. Most of the industry's products were based on extensive scientific research. However, the research intensity of products varied across companies and intensified over time. A main contribution of this article is thus to identify different groups of firms within the industry and provide an analysis of their product portfolios before 1914. This essay embeds scientific developments in a coevolutionary framework of science, firms, and institutions and shows that the industry's research capabilities were complemented by other important factors for corporate success.
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Kafchehi, Parviz, Kaveh Hasani, and Arman Gholami. "The Relationship between Innovation Orientation and Strategic Typology in Business Firms." International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations 6, no. 2 (April 2016): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkbo.2016040101.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between innovation orientation and strategic typology in firms such a way that a classification on the organization's orientation toward innovation and strategy could be obtained. The statistical population includes high executive managers of firms who have been acting in 4 industries of banking (B), food (F), insurance (I), and pharmacy (P), and have been the five pioneering firms in these industries. To test the hypothesis, the mean test analysis, the Goodness- of- Fit- Test, Chi- square test, and cross- tables were used and tested by SPSS18 software. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the firm's orientation toward innovation and competitive strategy; the more firm's orientation toward innovation, the firms uses more Prospector strategy, and their strategies have a more aggressive state. This paper provides a richer understanding of innovation orientation and strategic typology formation for similar firms.
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Siddiqui, Sana, Sandra Olk, Rashad Collier, and Nadeem Fazal. "Cinemimmunology-the use of cinema to learn immunology." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2019): 61.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.61.12.
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Abstract Film can be a powerful educational tool known as cinemeducation. We at College of Pharmacy applied this universal learning method to the first year pharmacy class of basic immunology. Two workshops were introduced to the course and the student’s assessment pre- and post-workshop were analyzed. We used two Hollywood blockbuster movies, i.e., The Incredibles 1 and 2 to enhance first year pharmacy students to grasp concepts of basic immunology. The students watched movies. The main plot was that the immune system is like a family with dad, mom, girls, boys and babies. Giving due credit to Brad Bird, the writer and director of The Incredibles. In his words (changed within brackets)-quoted as follows: The characters of “The dad is always expected in the family to be strong, so we made him (T cell) strong. The moms are always pulled in a million different directions, so we made her stretch like taffy (B cell). Teenagers, particularly teenage girls, are insecure and defensive, so we made her turn invisible and turn on shields (Antibody). And ten-year-old boys are hyperactive energy balls. Babies are unrealized potential. So, we made babies as cytokines.” Our results showed a significantly enhanced conceptual learning and long-term retention of immunological concepts. Even students with severe learning difficulties and disabilities who struggle with any kind of academic curriculum can often relate to film. It was also an example of associated learning using common movies with high yield of performance within a short period of time. We recommend the use of such strategies in immunology education. Commonly accepted education method is known as cinemeducation for imparting medical education and when we used it to teach immunology, we called it cinemimmunology.
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KOROTKAYA, Elena, Igor KOROTKIY, Evgeniy NEVEROV, Gulnar SAHABUTDINOVA, and Elena MONASTYRSKAYA. "BIOPOLYMER PACKAGING APPLICATION FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE FOOD PRESERVATION." Periódico Tchê Química 19, no. 41 (July 31, 2022): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v18.n38.2022.02_korotkaya_pgs_18_25.pdf.
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Background: The use of biopolymer packaging materials for freezing and low-temperature storage keeps food items qualitative and safe. It also reduces environmental pollution caused by biopolymer petrolic materials that have a long biodegradation period. Aim: It is necessary to find out the possibility of using biopolymer film “CornBag” in the low-temperature preservation of food items. Methods: Freezing and low-temperature storage of polymer films were carried out in chest freezers Liebherr LGT 2325 Mediline and VESTFROST Solutions VT 078. The tensile testing machine Labthink XLW (M) measured physical and mechanical properties. Results and Discussion: The article covers the results of researching low-temperature effects on physical and mechanical properties (tensile strength and tensile strength at break) of biopolymer film “CornBag” derived by polymerizing starch from corn and sweet potato, low-temperature action having been performed in the range of -60 º? to -20 ºC for 90 days. It has been found that during the storage period, the action of low temperatures does not reduce the strength properties of the biopolymer film significantly. Changes in the strength properties of the biopolymer film and the biaxially oriented polypropylene film under long-term effects of low temperatures have been differentially analyzed. Changes in tensile strength at the break having been analyzed, stretch diagrams of the biopolymer and biaxially oriented films were obtained. It has been concluded that the strength properties of biopolymer film “CornBag” decline to no more than 12.5 % after 90-day storage under -60 ºC. Conclusions: The biopolymer film is equal to the biaxially oriented polypropylene film and can be recommended for freezing and low-temperature storage of food items.
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PILAQUINGA, F., V. ESCOBAR, G. CUEVA, and L. MENESES. "PREPARATION OF A DEGRADABLE HYDROCOLOID FILM WITH SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHETIZED WITH AQUEOUS GARLIC EXTRACT (Allium sativum)." Periódico Tchê Química 15, no. 29 (January 20, 2018): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v15.n29.2018.266_periodico29_pgs_266_275.pdf.
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The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles aims to synergistically bind bactericidal properties of the element with the chemical composition of plant extracts and potentially use them in biodegradable plastic substitute materials. In this work, a degradable gelatin film was prepared with silver nanoparticles synthesized with aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum); the nanoparticles were previously characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, electron scanning microscopy and electron transmission microscopy. To make the film, pure gelatin, gelatin - carboxymethylcellulose - glycerol, and gelatin - arabic gum mixtures were tested, obtaining the desired texture only with gelatin, at different concentrations. The film with the greatest flexibility was 10% gelatin, with puncture resistance of 47 N and density of 0.943 g/mL. This film was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, finding modifications of the spectrum dependent on the presence of silver nanoparticles-garlic extract. The electron scanning microscopy revealed a uniform distribution of silver in the film (74.4nm) with an abundance of 56.20% and a concentration of 1.58 mg/g determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Finally, the prepared gelatin film is resistant, amber colored, with possible bactericidal properties due to the presence of silver nanoparticles and easily degradable at 50°C in water.
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Salmon, J. Warren. "The Vital Role of Pharmacy Benefit Management Firms in Health Services Research." Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 4, no. 1 (January 1998): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.1998.4.1.23.
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Prieto Muñoz, Bernardo. "Calculating the risk of fire in community pharmacies. Gustav-Purt method." Salud Uninorte 39, no. 01 (June 21, 2023): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/sun.39.01.378.001.
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Introduction: Fire is a chemical reaction of combustion, based on the strongly exother-mic “oxidation-reduction” phenomena that produce a big detachment of light and heat.Its effects are, generally, harmful, producing personal injuries due to smoke, toxic gasses, and extremely hot temperatures; and damaged materials and buildings.Fire is produced when the three following factors simultaneously coexist in time and spa-ce: Fuel; a comburent agent, usually the oxygen in the air; and heat, which contributes the necessary energy to actuate the reaction. Besides, it is necessary, for the production of the flame, the existence of a chain reaction.Method: The Gustav-Purt Method, which aim is to calculate the potential risk in a determi-nate building and of the means to fight fires should be implemented. Results: After the calculation of the distinct factors, the conclusion that the risk of fire in a pharmacy is high is reached.Discussion: Therefore, strict inspection by sanitary authorities to avert the danger of the fire is necessary.
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Momekova, Denitsa, Viliana Gugleva, and Petar Petrov. "Development and evaluation of curcumin-loaded vesicular carriers: impact of formulation variables." Pharmacia 71 (July 16, 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e127997.
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Vesicular carriers are a well-established approach to improving the technological and biopharmaceutical characteristics of the loaded cargo. The current manuscript is focused on the development and evaluation in a comparative aspect of two types of vesicles—ethosomes and transfersomes loaded with the phytoconstituent curcumin. The formulation variables affecting their physiochemical and cytotoxic properties are outlined as well. A series of ethosomes and transfersomes based on Lipoid S75 and ethanol, or edge activator, were prepared using the thin film hydration method and subjected to comprehensive evaluation by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), entrapment efficiency evaluation, in vitro release, and cytotoxicity studies. Ethosomes based on Lipoid S75 (4% w/w) and ethanol (30% v/v) showed suitable physicochemical characteristics (hydrodynamic diameter of 578.6 nm, monomodal size distribution, high curcumin entrapment efficiency (78.2%)), and superior antiproliferative activity compared to free drug and transfersomal nanocarriers.
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CHIRINOS, Hugo David, and Sueli CARVALHO DE JESUS. "INFLUENCE OF THE VOLATILE FATTY ACID CONTENT TO RADIATION VULCANIZED NATURAL RUBBER LATEX (RVNRL)." Periódico Tchê Química 09, no. 17 (January 20, 2012): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v9.n17.2011.28_periodico17_pgs_28_37.pdf.
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Natural rubber latex is a dispersion of natural rubber particles in water. These particles are coated with a protein layer which will stabilize the dispersion in water by forming an electric charge in the layer. Any different condition affecting this layer disturbs the stability of dispersion. Microorganism attack disturbs the protein layer and consequently the stability of the dispersion. By adding 1.2% by weight of NH3, the stability of the dispersion can be improved. The fresh latex was irradiated by Co-60 with irradiation dose of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 100 kGy. The results showed a relationship between the volatile fatty acid content (VFA, product from microorganism attack on carbohydrate) and the green strength or the physical properties of vulcanized film. Low VFA number showing a higher physical strength of the film either un-vulcanized or vulcanized. It appeared that the structure was responsible in yielding a good physical property of the film.
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Chatelain, R., and A. Wallstrom. "Side effects in girls with Turner syndrome treated with growth hormone." Problems of Endocrinology 40, no. 4 (December 15, 1994): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl12153.
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Among 8457 children undergoing treatment with genotropin included in the database of international growth monitoring of the Kabi Pharmacia firm (KIGS) until June 1992, 818 patients were with Turner syndrome (TS). Side effects, classified as serious and not serious, were registered in 62. Based on the data regarding side effects, it can be assumed that the clinical tolerance of growth hormone (GH) in TS is comparable to that observed in the treatment of GR in patients with GH deficiency.
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Fitriani, Endang Wahyu, Christina Avanti, Yeva Rosana, and Silvia Surini. "Nanostructured lipid carriers: A prospective dermal drug delivery system for natural active ingredients." Pharmacia 71 (March 12, 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e115849.
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Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are versatile tools used for several purposes, including drug release modification, adhesion to the skin, film-forming ability followed by hydration of the superficial layers of the skin, as well as high penetration with permeation into and across deeper skin layers. During the formulation of active ingredients sourced from nature into dosage forms, NLCs play a crucial role in overcoming challenges associated with the process. These challenges include poor solubility and skin permeability, sensitivity to light, heat, and oxygen, leading to degraded quality, reduced potency, and probable risks of skin irritation or allergic reactions. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of NLCs as effective delivery system through the skin for natural active ingredients. The extensive discussion covers the advantages and disadvantages of a dermal delivery system for these ingredients, focusing on various types, lipids, and surfactants used in the formulation, preparation, and characterization process. Additionally, the recent developments in NLCs technology are explored. The result showed that NLCs would advance into a more efficient, precise, and safe system to transport natural active ingredients dermally.