Academic literature on the topic 'Pharmacy (Firm)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pharmacy (Firm)"
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Artati, Susi. "Pengaruh DER, Perputaran Modal Kerja dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap NPM pada Industri Farmasi Yang Listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2012-2016." J-MAS (Jurnal Manajemen dan Sains) 4, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jmas.v4i2.125.
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Research Aims To Learn How does the Debt to Equity Ratio, Working Capital Turnover and Firm Size Against Net Profit Margin in the Pharmacy Industry in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012-2016 simultaneously and partially and how much influence the Debt to Equity Ratio, Working Capital Turnover and Firm Size Against Net Profit Margin in the Pharmacy Industry in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012-2016. The method used is quantitative descriptive method with independent variables, Debt to Equity Ratio, Working Capital Turnover and the Firm Size , while the dependent variable is Net Profit Margin. The analytical tool used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis, the classical assumption test, hypothesis test and coefficient of determination. The conclusion of this study indicate that the Debt to Equity Ratio, Working Capital Turnover and Firm size simultaneously significant affect on Net Profit Margin. In partial Working Capital Turnover significant affect on Net Profit Margin
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Ateshkadi, Arasb, and Mark A. Munger. "Comparison of Publication Rates for Basic Sciences versus Practice from Pharmacy‐Based Grant Programs." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 16, no. 6 (November 12, 1996): 1128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1996.tb03041.x.
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The future of a profession in an era of scarce resources depends on maintaining a focus on science. The times demand that pharmacy practice examine its commitment to science. To address this concern, pharmacy practice‐based research awards from the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Research Institute Award Program, American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists Research and Education Foundation Grant Program, and American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy New Investigator Program were compared with basic sciences awards from the American Association Colleges of Pharmacy New Investigator Program from their inception to 1991 to determine the percentage of awarded grants successfully published (publication rate). Pharmacy practice published awarded grants' at 46% (70/154) versus 62% (26/42) for basic sciences (p = 0.09). A significant decline of 37% in pharmacy practice publication rate was observed over the study period. Economically, an average of $11,393 was spent to publish one manuscript in pharmacy practice versus $8077 in basic sciences. The results suggest that pharmacy practice should redefine a paradigm of commitment to scholarship to provide firm evidence for supporting science and sustaining professional growth.
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Febrianti, Ira, and Mufidah Mufidah. "Pengaruh Likuiditas, Struktur Modal, dan Profitabilitas terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Industri Sub Sektor Farmasi yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015 – 2019." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 21, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i2.1574.
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This research aims to analize the effect of liquidity, equity structure and profitability on firm value in pharmacy manufacturing companies listed on The Jakarta Stock Exchange. Research Methodology use the data panel regression analysis method with the model used is fixed effect. The result of the F test show that liquidity, equity structure and profitability together effect the firm value. Meanwhile, in the t test, only profitability has an influence on firm value.
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Zheng, Yi, Li Liu, Victor Shi, Bin Liu, and Wenxing Huang. "Price Cap Models in Pharmaceutical Online-to-Offline Supply Chains." Complexity 2020 (November 6, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7471948.
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Pharmaceutical supply chains are often highly complex with conflicting objectives of social welfare and profit maximization. Furthermore, there are various stakeholders including pharmaceutical manufacturer, distributors, retailers, patients, and the government. In this paper, we consider a two-stage supply chain consisting of one pharmaceutical manufacturer and a pharmacy with online and offline channels. We focus on four price cap models: no price cap regulation, pharmaceutical manufacturer’s price cap regulation, pharmacy price cap regulation, and linkage price cap regulation. We apply game theory, investigate how the price cap regulations affect the firms’ pricing, and evaluate the economic performance and social welfare of the dual-channel pharmaceutical supply chain. Our findings show that first, like the single-channel pharmaceutical supply chain, the profit of the regulated firm always decreases and the profit of the unregulated firm always increases when they are under one-sided price cap regulations. Second, the impacts of the linkage price cap regulation on the supply chain are more complicated depending on the linkage coefficient and market share. Overall, our findings can provide theoretical and practical insights to help the government devise price cap regulations for complex modern pharmaceutical supply chains.
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Nugroho, Dwiyanjana Santyo. "The Effect of Financial Condition on Firm Value: A Comparative Study." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Bisnis 16, no. 2 (May 10, 2021): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jiab.2021.v16.i02.p02.
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This study analyzes a company’s financial condition on firm value. We also evaluated the difference in firm value between corporate sectors affected and unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The regression analysis model used is the random effect model as well as the difference-in-difference technique. The study uses data from the company’s interim financial reports for the first and second quarters of 2018, 2019, and 2020. We found that firm size and leverage influence firm values. This applies to companies in the affected sectors, such as hotel, restaurant, and tourism sub-sectors, and unaffected sectors, such as health, pharmacy, and telecommunication sub-sectors. We also found that firm values in affected and unaffected sectors, before and during COVID-19, do not significantly differ.
Keywords: COVID-19, financial condition, firm value
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Thompson, Sara. "GPAs, PCATs, and Coupons: Wilting Quality in Pharmacy School Admissions and the Impact on Pharmacy Faculty." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 11, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v11i3.3349.
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Introduction: The number of available seats in US pharmacy schools has reached unprecedented numbers as applications are on the decline. A combination of forces signals that admissions to pharmacy school are becoming less selective. Commentary: The conflict of balancing a need to fill the incoming class while maintaining selectivity is a growing problem in pharmacy education. Faculty may notice changes in the student quality and ultimately, program and graduate quality. Pressure from administration hinders faculty governance with negative consequences that impact faculty morale and the profession as a whole. Maintaining a firm position in the face of reduced applications is challenging but necessary if we are to protect the students we seek to support as faculty and stewards of the pharmacy profession. Implications: Faculty governance is at risk as pressure exists to admit less-prepared students into programs. Faculty must advocate for responsible leadership by initiating dialogue on admissions and selectivity. Furthermore, faculty mentorship programs need a new level of discussion that includes analysis and understanding of this paradigm in pharmacy academia. Article Type: Commentary
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Salehi, Mahdi, Hossein Tarighi, and Malihe Rezanezhad. "Empirical study on the effective factors of social responsibility disclosure of Iranian companies." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 26, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabes-06-2018-0028.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to investigate the relationship between some characteristics of corporations including firm size, financial leverage, profitability, firm age and the type of industry with social responsibility disclosure of firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE); and second, to study the association between the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) and some of the audit variables such as audit fees, audit tenure and audit firm’ size. Design/methodology/approach The study population consists of 125 firms listed on the TSE during the years 2010–2015. Following Salehi et al. (2017), content analysis is used to measure the level of social responsibility disclosure, and hypotheses are performed using multiple regression analysis and R software. Findings The results represented that there is a positive significant relationship between a firm size and a firm age with the level of CSRD. However, there is a negative significant association between financial leverage and profitability with the level of CSRD. Given that CSRD is different among various industries and the type of industry can be an influential factor in CSRD, an industry type’ variable in the fourth hypothesis is of a type of index variable and has eight levels, of which the first level is ranked as the base level. Our findings showed that the level of CSRD at industries of machinery and appliances, production of metal products, food and beverage products, and textiles is lower than the baseline level (pharmacy). Nevertheless, companies in the fifth industry (mineral products) have a higher level of CSRD in comparison with the pharmacy industry. Moreover, the authors find that there is a significant positive connection between audit fees and CSRD. This implies that Iranian managers in an inflationary economy probably manage earnings when they provide more CSRDs, which leads to increase in the audit risk and audit fees. Practical implications Needless to say, the findings of this paper will have practical implications for investors, auditors and other users of financial statements. First of all, this study will aware them of the fact that when a country faces economic sanctions and most of its companies are in financial strain investors should not consider the firms engaging in corporate social responsibility activities to behave morally and provide transparent financial reports. Second, the results will convince auditors to be conservative toward the firms that are financially distressed, for audit risk of them will be high. Thus, policymakers should be cautious concerning directors’ opportunistic actions and increase monitoring to enforce social obedience. Originality/value The turning point of this research is related to the time period of research related to firms that have faced severe financial problems due to economic sanctions. In fact, the study revealed another aspect of CSRD that could have negative consequences when managers are in financial strain and take opportunistic actions.
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Rahma, Destria Melia, and Hexana Sri Lastanti. "PENGARUH PERATAAN LABA DAN STRUKTUR MODAL TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN RISIKO PASAR SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI." Jurnal Akuntansi Trisakti 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jat.v10i1.16233.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of income smoothing and capital structure on firm value with market risk as a moderating variable. The population in this research are manufacturing companies subsector pharmacy listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014 – 2021. This research uses multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 26 program. The sample selection uses a purposive sampling method which produces 72 sample that are worth observing and researching. Based on the analysis results show that, income smoothing has a negative impact on firm value, capital structure has not a negative impact on firm value and market risk has not strengthes income smoothing on firm value and market risk. The result of this research have several practical and theoritical implications, companies must minimize the practice of income smoothing so that published financial reports reflect the actual condition of the company in order to increase the firm value along with investor confidence to invest.
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Montoya, Miguel A., and Mauricio Cervantes. "The Role of Regulation in the Development and Internationalization of Social Firms." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 7047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127047.
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We seek to understand the drivers of the internationalization of emerging-market social firms. To accomplish this, we conducted a case study analysis of the Mexican multinational Farmacias Similares. The firm created a chain of pharmacies that sold generic medicines to poor consumers and included a low-cost doctor next to the pharmacy to address the lack of widespread medical insurance. It then became a multinational by expanding in Latin America. The analysis of the case reveals three insights. First, innovations addressing development challenges can be separated into two types, social and frugal, depending on whether they solve public-good or low-income problems. Second, changes in industry regulation facilitate the development of social firms and sustainable development within the country. Third, differences in regulations across countries constrain the internationalization of social innovations more than frugal innovations of emerging-market social firms.
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Pratiwi, Hening, Susi Ari Kristina, Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, and Yayi Suryo Prabandari. "Pharmacy students' empathy and its determinants: a systematic review." F1000Research 12 (January 6, 2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.127017.1.
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Background: Empathy in the context of healthcare is an immersion experience to comprehend patients' viewpoints, feelings, and emotions, without passing judgment, to ensure they receive the necessary treatment to feel comfortable. Empathy for others must be possessed by healthcare professionals and healthcare students as healthcare professionals’ candidates, including the pharmacy student. This study aimed to identify and assess the determinants related to pharmacy students' empathy. Methods: Three electronic databases were used for the first searches. We used peer-reviewed original papers, full text, must assess determinants that are associated with pharmacy students' empathy, and only be focused on pharmacy students (first to the fourth year) as healthcare professionals candidates. We utilized Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists to observe the quality of published publications and reduce bias. Results: This review examined 14 papers that reported on determinants connected to pharmacy students' empathy. Nine studies evaluated the association between sex and the level of empathy, seven studies reported educational intervention, four studies discussed the year of study, two studies explained the type of school, four studies evaluated experience, and others determinants that discussed in the included studies were career preference, intercultural sensitivity, stigma, altruism, grit, self-awareness, marital status, and family income Conclusions: Educational intervention, experience, gender or sex, type of school, year of study, intercultural sensitivity, career preference, altruism, grit, self-awareness, marital status, and family income, can all have a positive impact on increased empathy among pharmacy students. We acknowledge that the included studies are heterogeneous, indicating that additional studies are necessary before reaching any firm conclusions. More research is needed to properly understand how empathy can be improved with the most effective pharmacy educational strategies. Higher levels of evidence are also required in studies to address the potential bias caused using self-report questionnaires, as well as other potential biases and inaccuracies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pharmacy (Firm)"
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Heunis, C. "A comparative study of the pharmacy business models with specific reference to Nuclicks and Pick 'n Pay." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53233.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this report is to create a better understanding of the new pharmacy initiatives in the South African market, with specific reference to the Nuclicks and Pick 'n Pay groups. In order to understand the respective business concepts better the following abstracts from each chapter of the study is given. Chapter one is basically the introduction to the study and describes the events that lead to the above mentioned corporate retailers to enter the pharmacy market place. An introduction to Hamel's business model theory is also discussed and identified as a possible means of evaluating the corporate retailers' business concepts. In Chapter two the strategic analysis of the South African retail pharmacy industry is performed. This analysis is performed to create an understanding of the different forces at work in the industry. Some of the key findings in this chapter are that changes to the pharmacy act and the way dispensing licences are going to be awarded creates uncertainty. The profit outlook of retail pharmacy, though on the decline, still compares favourably to other retailers. In chapter three the core concepts of Hamel's business model are presented in more detail and applied to the retail pharmacy environment. In his view, a strategy needs to change the industry rules. This chapter ends with the concept of wealth potential based on Hamel's teachings. The wealth potential concept is about creating cash flow and profits. A business model that is able to create customer benefits well below the cost of the competitors is regarded as efficient. By utilising the Hamel way the Nuclicks (chapter four) and Pick 'n Pay (chapter five) business concepts is unpacked. Both Nuclicks and Pick 'n Pay pharmacy business models are presented within the corporate framework of the groups. Nuclicks bought an established pharmacy franchise while Pick 'n Pay launched Healthpharm. Nuclicks creates a possible choke point by buying UPD. The Nuclicks pharmacy strategy is a more comprehensive health strategy, while Pick 'n Pay follows a more cautious approach. As franchising will playa major role in both pharmacy concepts, the theory of franchising is presented in chapter six. Telephonic interviews with Link franchisees are conducted and the possible reasons for the ambiguity that crept into the Link business model are discussed. As the Healthpharm franchise is a new concept, it is evaluated based on information gathered from press releases and the Healthpharm web-site. In chapter seven universal conclusions and recommendations, based upon the literature study and this investigation, are presented. One of the key findings are, success in the face of changes requires more than the current way of doing business. It requires an innovative thinking process. New business models have to be formulated that allows retail pharmacists to establish a focused and well-differentiated value proposition. This value proposition needs to be meaningful for consumers and must strengthen a pharmacy outlet's competitive position.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie verslag is om 'n beter begrip vir die nuwe apteek inisiatiewe in die Suid-Afrikaanse mark te ontwikkel, met spesifieke verwysing na die Nuclicks en Pick 'n Pay groepe. Om die onderskeie besiqheidskonsepte beter te verstaan, word die volgende opsomming van elke hoofstuk van die studie uiteengesit. Hoofstuk een is 'n inleiding tot die studie en beskryf die gebeure wat aanleiding gegee het tot die bogenoemde korporatiewe kleinhandelaars se toetrede tot die apteek mark. 'n Inleiding van Hamel se besigheidsmodel teorie is ook bespreek en is geïdentifiseer as evaluering van die korporatiewe kleinhandelaars se besigheidskonsepte. Hoofstuk twee bied 'n strategiese analise van die Suid-Afrikaanse kleinhandelaars apteek industrie. Hierdie analise is geskep om beter begrip te ontwikkel vir die verskillende kragte wat inwerk in die industrie. Van die bevindinge in die hoofstuk is die veranderinge in die apteek wetgewing en die wyse waarop resepteer lisensies toegeken gaan word, en hoeveel onsekerhede dit tot gevolg het. Die wins vooruitsigte van kleinhandelaars apteke, alhoewel aan die afneem, vergelyk steeds gunstig met ander kleinhandelaars. In Hoofstuk drie is die kern konsepte van Hamel se besigheidsmodel in meer detail uiteengesit en toegepas op die kleinhandelaar apteek omgewing. Uit sy oogpunt, is 'n strategie nodig om veranderinge te weeg te bring in die industrie reëls. Hierdie hoofstuk eindig met die konsep van waarde potensiaal wat gebaseer is op Hamel se teorie. Hierdie waarde potensiaal konsep is gebaseer op die skep van kontantvloei en 'n Besigheidsmodel wat in staat is om die kliënt te begunstig heelwat laer as die koste van die teenstander, word beskou as effektief. Hamel se teorie is gebruik om Nuclicks (hoofstuk vier) en Pick 'n Pay (hoofstuk vyf) se besigheidskonsepte te analiseer. Beide Nuclicks en Pick 'n Pay se besigheidsmodelle word aangebied binne die korporatiewe raakwerke van die groepe. Nuclicks het 'n gevestigde apteek konsessie gekoop terwyl Pick 'n Pay vir Healthpharm begin het. Nuclicks het 'n moontlike 'wurgpunt" geskep deur die aankoop van UPD. Die Nuclicks apteek strategie is 'n meer omvattende gesondheidstrategie, terwyl Pick 'n Pay 'n meer versigtige benadering volg. Aangesien besigheid konsessie 'n belangrike rol speel in beide apteek konsepte, word die teorie van konsessie in hoofstuk ses behandel. Telefoniese onderhoude is gevoer met Link konsessiehouers en die moontlike redes vir die twyfelagtigheid van die Link besigheidsmodel word bespreek. Aangesien die Healthpharm konsessie 'n nuwe konsep is, word dit geëvalueer op grond van inligting wat versamel is uit die media en die Healthpharm webtuiste. In Hoofstuk sewe word universele afleidings en aanbevelings, gebaseer op die literatuurstudie en die ondersoek, uiteengesit. Een van die hoof bevindings was dat sukses benodig meer as die huidige manier van besigheid doen. Nuwe besigheidsmodelle moet geformuleer word, wat dit vir kleinhandelaar apteke moontlik sal maak om 'n gefokusde en goed gedifferensieerde waarde voorstel tot stand te bring. Hierdie voorstel moet betekenisvol wees vir die verbruiker en moet die apteek kompeterende posisie versterk.
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Vokatá, Klára. "Analýza podpory prodeje farmaceutické firmy Novartis s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4980.
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This diploma thesis deals with the promotion activities to pharmaceutical distributors which are important part of the chain from producer to consumer, to pharmacies and patient as well. The main goal is to analyse if the activities are used and addressed effectively. There is special part devoted to merchandising in pharmacies because it is important in promotion in the point of purchase.
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Velecká, Aneta. "Analýza produktového portfolia farmaceutické firmy MEDA Pharma, s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264258.
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The aim of this study is to analyse the portfolio of the pharmaceutical company Meda Pharma s.r.o. and then, according to the results, suggest a marketing stratégy to be effective up to 2020. The work has two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part explains the basic concepts related to the market, marketing, marketing mix, marketing strategy and its instruments. This part is also dedicated to concepts relating to the pharmaceutical industry. The practical part is focused on analysis of portfolio of the company. I will use the marketing mix, the Boston matrix, evaluate the largest competitors in each product and focus also on the profitability of products of the company. In conclusion, I will propose a marketing strategy to be put in place by 2020.
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Tatarová, Jana. "Adaptace marketingové strategie firmy GEHE Pharma pro český trh." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76536.
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This thesis is focused on adaptation of GEHE Pharma marketing strategy on the Czech wholesaler's market with pharmaceutical products. In the first part the theoretical background needed for the application part of the thesis is summarized. I mention here the possibilities of internationalization, visions and targets of the firms working on the foreign markets and basic analyses needed for acting there. Then I summarize the possibilities of adaptation of the marketing mix mention the specifics of the B2B and the pharmaceutical market. In the following application part GEHE Pharma Company is presented and also her acting on the pharmaceutical market. Then the concrete analyses are made (PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, and Czech pharmaceutical market analysis) and the adaptation of marketing mix of the company was summarized. In the last part of the thesis some suggestions for ameliorations of particular parts of marketing mix are made.
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Kostár, Matej. "Posouzení informačního systému firmy a návrh změn." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399987.
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Master's thesis deals with the assessment of the BENU pharmacy information system and proposes the necessary changes to increase the efficiency and effectiveness that will help the companyin their internal processes. The introductory part is focused on the theoretical basis of the work, where the basic concepts are explained. The second part is devoted to the company and the analysis of the information system, its features, characteristics and requirements. The last part, which is based on the analysis of the current state, containts suggestions for improvement, benefits and economic evaluation.
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Hartgers, Richard. "Value creation in a reregulatedmarket : Divestments, firms, and dynamic processes." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-123588.
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This thesis makes use of the unique reregulation of pharmaceutical monopoly in Sweden to critically examine intraindustry firm heterogeneity. It contributes to existing divestiture research as it studies the dynamism in between reconfigurations of value constellations and its effects on value creation of divested pharmacies. Because the findings showed that the predominant theory of intraindustry firm heterogeneity could not explain firm performance, the value constellation concept was applied as it captured the phenomena. A patterned finding informed how reconfigurations of value constellations in a reregulated market characterized by strict rules, regulations, and high competition did not generate additional value for firms on short term. My study unveils that value creation is hampered in situations where rules and regulations significantly affect firms’ ability to reconfigure their value constellations. The key practical implication is an alternative perspective on fundamental aspects of the reregulation and how policy-makers may impede firm performance and the intended creation of new value for not only firms but for society as a whole.Grade: A
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Hartgers, Richard. "Value creation in a reregulated market : Divestments, firms and dynamic processes." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-132742.
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This thesis makes use of the unique reregulation of pharmaceutical monopoly in Sweden to critically examine intraindustry firm heterogeneity. It contributes to existing divestiture research as it studies the dynamism in between reconfigurations of value constellations and its effects on value creation of divested pharmacies. Because the findings showed that the predominant theory of intraindustry firm heterogeneity could not explain firm performance, the value constellation concept was applied as it captured the phenomena. A patterned finding informed how reconfigurations of value constellations in a reregulated market characterized by strict rules, regulations, and high competition did not generate additional value for firms on short term. My study unveils that value creation is hampered in situations where rules and regulations significantly affect firms’ ability to reconfigure their value constellations. The key practical implication is an alternative perspective on fundamental aspects of the reregulation and how policy-makers may impede firm performance and the intended creation of new value for not only firms but for society as a whole.Betyg: A
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Minozzi, Marco <1991>. "Financial Policies in R&D Intensive Firms. The case of Pharma Industry." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9987.
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The thesis is basically divided in three chapter: the first one introduces a literature review on capital strucutre and financial policies, and also the impact of R&D on those aspects.In the second chapter, the focus is on the pharma sector. The uncertainties related to the development of drugs and their market launch are analysed,in particular corporate strategies within the industry . Last chapter is devoted to an empirical analysis on parametric and non-parametric models for the assessment of FDA approvals on stock’s performances, given the financial policies adopted .
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Li, Yingjian. "Investigation of the effects of curing and casting methods on the physicochemical properties of polymeric coating systems." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2239.
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This study is to evaluate the effect of curing and casting methods on the physicochemical properties of polymeric coating systems. Aqueous-dispersion-based and organic-solvent-based Kollicoat® SR30D (poly(vinyl acetate)) and Kollicoat® MAE100P (poly(methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate)) free films or film-coated pellets were used to evaluate the physicochemical properties resulting from different solvents and different curing treatments.
Diffusion coefficients of water in organic-solvent-based films were lower than those in aqueous-dispersion-based films. Increases in curing temperature and curing time decreased the diffusion coefficient. Regardless of preparation method, the tensile strengths of films increased with an increase in curing temperature and curing time. Changes in elongation percentage of the films were dependent on the polymer and curing. The tensile strengths of aqueous-dispersion-based SR30D films are lower compared to those of organic-solvent-based SR30D films. However, the “core-shell” structure is preserved in the aqueous-dispersion-based MAE100P film and formed a rigid frame, which greatly increased the mechanical properties of the films. Therefore, the tensile strength of aqueous-dispersion-based MAE100P films is greater than in the case of organic-solvent-based films. In swelling studies, water uptake and weight loss for all of the films increased with an increase in incubation time. The water uptake and weight loss of SR30D films cast from water were higher than those of organic-solvent-based films. However, contradictory results were observed for MAE100P films due to the core-shell structure in the aqueous-dispersion-based MAE100P films. An increase in curing time and temperature increased the Tg of SR30D films. Curing treatments led to a second glass transition temperature for MAE100P films, which may result from microphase separation.
Curing decreased acetaminophen release from pellets coated with an aqueous-dispersion-based SR30D film. Curing effects are also dependent on the coating formulation and coating parameters. The drug release rate from organic-solvent-based film-coated pellets was slower in comparison to pellets coated with aqueous-dispersion-based films. Acetaminophen release in 0.1 N HCl from aqueous-dispersion-based MAE100P coated pellets was reduced after the curing treatment. Curing has no effect on drug release for acetaminophen-containing pellets coated with organic-solvent-based SR30D or MAE100P films.
The ionization of surface carboxylic-acid groups on MAE100P polymer particles alters the properties of polymer films by increasing ionic aggregates and solubilizing the polymer chains. Increased ionic aggregates improve the mechanical properties of films. However, solubilizing polymer chains will change the film formation mechanism from a dispersion-based film to a solution-based film. Therefore, tensile strength was decreased with an increase in ionization degree. The drug release rates were continuously increased when the degree of ionization of surface acid groups increased.
Overall, curing and casting methods have significant effects on the physicochemical properties of SR30D and MAE100P films and on the drug release behavior from film-coated, drug-loaded pellets. The core-shell structure in aqueous-dispersion-based MAE100P films also greatly changed the properties of this film or coat.
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Bhatt, Bhavik Janankkumar. "Regenerated cellulose for controlled oral drug delivery." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4577.
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The performance of regenerated cellulose (RC) films and capsules was investigated for their applications in oral controlled drug delivery. Regenerated cellulose films were prepared by non-solvent-mediated, phase inversion of native and depolymerized cotton linter solutions (methylolcellulose; cellulose dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide/ paraformaldehyde solvent system) in water as well as by phase inversion of native cotton linter solutions in organic non-solvents followed by thermal annealing. These films were monolithic in dry state and formed porous structures when hydrated. Irrespective of the degree of polymerization of the starting cellulose source or the use of organic non-solvents, the cellulose chain length was not significantly altered and cellulose was in an amorphous state. Flux analysis in diffusion cells, using ethanol-water mixtures as the solvent medium, indicated that the films take up solvent to form porous routes for transport of solute. The amount of solvent uptake required to form these routes was greater for films prepared from depolymerized cotton linter. Ionic and hydrophobic solutes traverse the films using the porous pathways following hydration of the film.
Blended RC films were prepared by combining native and depolymerized cotton linter solutions in varying ratios and phase-inverting in water, followed by thermal annealing. Porosity, pore size and water uptake of the hydrated films decreased, while the length of the transport pathway (tortuosity) increased, as the fraction of depolymerized cellulose increased in the blended films.
Differences in methylene blue dye adsorption on phase-inverted vs. phase-inverted and thermally annealed RC films indicated that the type of non-solvent utilized for phase-inversion does not affect the internal RC film structure during the phase-inversion process. However, as the boiling point of the non-solvent increased, the amount of irreversible polymer consolidation and formation non-swelling domains (hornification) increased during the thermal annealing process. This, in turn, led to reduced porosity and solute flux through these RC films.
Two-piece cellulose capsules were fabricated by phase-inversion of methylolcellulose solutions in water using a dip-coating approach. Zero-order release rates for a number of drugs increased as their water solubility increased. The release of water soluble drugs occurred by osmotically-driven convection and diffusion through the pores in the capsule wall, while the release of moderate to poorly soluble drugs predominantly occurred by diffusion. Moreover, as the drug solubility increased, the apparent permeability of the drugs through the capsule wall decreased, which indicated that the inward osmotic flux of water reduced the diffusivity of the drug through the pores. The hydraulic permeability of the cellulose capsules was determined to be higher than for conventional ethylcellulose and cellulose acetate coated osmotic drug delivery systems, indicating that the cellulose-based capsules may be better suited for osmotic drug delivery.
Books on the topic "Pharmacy (Firm)"
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Josh, Flum, CVS/pharmacy (Firm), Harvard Business School, and Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, eds. CVS, Jon Roberts and Josh Flum [videorecording]. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2007.
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Rai, Rajnish. Firm strategies of the Indian pharmaceutical industry post TRIPS and Patent (Amendment) Act, 2005. Bangalore: Centre for Public Policy, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, 2008.
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(Firm), General Idea, and Centre d'Art Santa Mònica (Barcelona, Spain), eds. General Idea, pharmacopia: 15 setembre-10 novembre 1992, Centre d'Art Santa Mònica, Barcelona. [Barcelona]: Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Cultura, 1992.
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Preuss, Harry G. The natural fat loss pharmacy: Drug-free remedies to help you safely lose weight, shed fat, firm up, and feel great. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale, 2007.
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Preuss, Harry G. The natural fat-loss pharmacy: Drug-free remedies to help you safely lose weight, shed fat, firm up, and feel great. New York: Broadway Books, 2007.
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O'Donnell, Brian G. Harnessing technological change within Pharmacia & Upjohn: Letterkenny to create market advantage. [S.l: The Author], 1999.
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Per, Andersson. The emergence and change of Pharmacia Biotech, 1959-1995: The power of the slow flow and the drama of great events. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm School of Economics, the Economic Research Institute, 1996.
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Per, Andersson. Concurrence, transition, and evolution: Perspectives of industrial marketing change processes. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm School of Economics, Economic Research Institute, 1996.
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Kaisha, Maruzen Kabushiki, ed. Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan shozō Meijiki kankō tosho maikuro-ban shūsei: Denki : Kojin denki (Seiyōjin), ACM. Tōkyō: Maruzen kabushiki Kaisha, 1991.
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Kaisha, Maruzen Kabushiki, ed. Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan shozō Meijiki kankō tosho maikuro-ban shūsei: Denki : Seishi, Keifu, Kashi, ACG. Tōkyō: Maruzen kabushiki Kaisha, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pharmacy (Firm)"
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Radoev, Boryan, Klaus Werner Stöckelhuber, Roumen Tsekov, and Philippe Letocart. "Wetting Film Dynamics and Stability." In Colloid Stability and Application in Pharmacy, 151–72. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631117.ch6.
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Barbieri, Sophia Veronica, and Laura Pellegrini. "How Much Does Matter ESG Ratings in Big Pharma Firms Performances?" In Climate Change Adaptation, Governance and New Issues of Value, 185–225. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90115-8_9.
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Iazzolino, Gianpaolo, and Rita Bozzo. "Partnership Models for R &D in the Pharmaceutical Industry." In Quantitative Models in Life Science Business, 29–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11814-2_3.
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AbstractOver the last decades the complexity of R &D processes in the pharmaceutical industry have resulted in a decline in the efficiency of those processes. Despite financial resources used in R &D have increased over time the number of drugs developed has remained almost constant. The phenomenon is known as “Eroom’s Law”. In order to start growing R &D efficiency again, the business models of companies were reviewed by mainly implementing open innovation models that can simplify and shorten the drug development process. Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly outsourcing activities from the external environment. The R &D tasks that firms choose to outsource include a wide spectrum of activities from basic research to late-stage development: genetic engineering, target validation, assay development, hit exploration and lead optimization (hit candidates-as-a-service), safety and efficacy tests in animal models, and clinical trials involving humans. Terms such as crowdsourcing, innovation centers, R &D collaboration, and open source are becoming more and more common in the sector. Almost all the Big Pharma are striving to create collaborative networks that might allow them to be more efficient. Pharmaceutical companies are called upon to make a “make or buy” decision to determine whether it is more convenient to outsource these activities rather than exploiting internal resources for generating innovation. In a global context in which the stochastic view has become more suitable for interpreting phenomena the aim of this kind of decision is mainly related to decrease uncertainty. The aim of the chapter is to explore this topic by also providing data and examples.
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Shivangi Dhar Dubey, Ms. "ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN NURSING." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 18, 19–26. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bipn18p2ch2.
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The nursing profession requires a high level of professionalism and is founded on a strong ethical foundation. Ethical considerations in nursing include patient autonomy, confidentiality, informed consent, end-of-life care, and resource allocation, among others. When balancing the autonomy and preferences of patients with the need to promote their best interests and ensure optimal healthcare outcomes, nurses frequently face ethical dilemmas. In addition, traversing the complexities of cultural diversity, socioeconomic disparities, and personal beliefs exacerbates the difficulty of making ethical decisions in nursing practise. Maintaining competence, adhering to professional standards, and upholding the principles of accountability and integrity are professional concerns in nursing. Challenges including maintaining professional boundaries, managing conflicts of interest, preventing exhaustion, and ensuring the delivery of safe and effective care require nurses to navigate complex professional environments. To address these ethical and professional issues, a comprehensive strategy is required, including ethical education, ongoing professional development, and the establishment of robust ethical frameworks within healthcare organisations. Nursing ethics committees, professional nursing associations, and regulatory bodies play essential roles in guiding ethical decision-making, offering support, and enforcing standards of practise. Collaboration between healthcare professionals and interdisciplinary teams can also aid in the resolution of complex ethical dilemmas, fostering shared decision-making and holistic care. Nurses must have a firm grasp of ethical principles and frameworks and the ability to employ ethical reasoning in their daily practise.
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Panigrahy, Srikant, Prahlad Mishra Professor, and B. P. Patra. "Internationalization of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry." In Green Initiatives for Business Sustainability and Value Creation, 70–102. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2662-9.ch004.
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Focusing on internationalization process of firms of developing countries, the present study attempts to identify the important determinants/ variables which affect the Indian pharma firms' export performance. A causal model was built using contingency theory perspective by including important external variables, internal variables, export strategy and export performance affecting Indian pharma firms and was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. The finding of this study support the conceptual model build using contingency framework and contributes both to export performance researchers for building further the theory and Indian pharma industry to focus on important determinants for export success.
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Halbur, Kimberly Vess, and Duane Anthony Halbur. "Appendix B. Film and Print Resources." In Essentials of Cultural Competence in Pharmacy Practice. 2215 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20037-2985: The American Pharmacists Association, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21019/9781582121130.ch21.
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Li, Jie Jack. "Discovery of Lipitor." In Triumph of the Heart. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195323573.003.0010.
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Parke-Davis was not the first drug company to put a statin on the market (Merck was), but it was the one to do it the best, with Lipitor (atorva statin). When Parke-Davis Pharmaceuticals in Ann Arbor, Michigan, began to look for its own statin in 1982, it was late in the game. Parke-Davis’s Lipitor was discovered in the mid- to late 1980s and brought to market in 1997. Already ahead of it were four statins: Merck’s Mevacor was released in September 1987 and Zocor in December 1991, Bristol-Myers Squibb’s Pravachol in October 1991, and Sandoz’s Lescol in March 1994. Despite the competition, by 2006 Lipitor had become the best-selling drug in history, with one-year sales totaling $12.9 billion, more than the net worth of the 10th biggest drug company in the world. Although the drug firm Parke-Davis had in recent times been relegated to history books, half a century ago, Parke, Davis and Company once enjoyed the status of the largest pharmaceutical manufacturer in the world. In 1866, 38-year-old Hervey C. Parke, a businessman, and Samuel P. Duffield, a chemist and physician, founded Duffield, Parke & Company— Manufacturing Chemists in Detroit, Michigan. Duffield originally studied under the father of organic chemistry, Justus von Liebig, at the University of Giessen in Germany. He continued to pursue his academic interests even after the founding of the company and published several articles in the American Journal of Pharmacy. In 1867, 22-year-old George S. Davis joined the company as the firm’s first salesman. Four years later, Parke and Davis bought out Duffield’s shares of the company. In November 1871, Parke, Davis & Company was born, with Parke as the president and Davis as the general manager. The company’s inventory was typical of the time: aconite, belladonna, ergot, spirit of ammonia, arsenic, and ether. Davis, a Napoleonic, small-statured man, was clearly responsible for building the company’s sales and its enterprise in many directions. He pioneered product promotion by publishing books and magazines, a practice later followed by many other companies. When vaccines were first invented in Europe, Parke-Davis was one of the first pharmaceutical companies to move into this new field.
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Li, Jie Jack. "Beginning of an Era: The First Blockbuster Drug, Tagamet." In Blockbuster Drugs. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199737680.003.0005.
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Tagamet emerged as the first blockbuster drug when its sales exceeded $1 billion in 1986, three years after its introduction to the market. An anti–peptic ulcer drug, Tagamet was discovered by James W. Black and his colleagues at Smith Kline & French’s (SK&F) British subsidiary in Welwyn Garden City. Before Tagamet, SK&F was a little-known U.S. drug firm in Philadelphia. After Tagamet, SK&F became one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. The history of Tagamet is one of the most extraordinary in the annals of medicine. It is a saga of a drug that almost escaped detection because the research efforts that began in 1964 did not seem to produce results within the first 11 years! Smith Kline started as a humble drug store in Philadelphia in 1830. During the American Civil War, Smith Kline was founded as a small apothecary by two physicians, John K. Smith and John Gilbert on North Second Street. Not only was Philadelphia the birthplace of the United States of America, it was also the cradle of American pharmacy. Wyeth, McNeil, Rorer, and Warner-Lambert all trace their origins to small drug stores established there during the Civil War. In the 1880s, Mahlon N. Kline led the company into research and manufacturing of its own products. In 1891, it absorbed French, Richards & Co. founded by Harry B. French, creating Smith Kline & French. After its establishment, the company slowly expanded its inventory. By the 1920s, it had some 15,000 products ranging from aspirin to liniment. Their Eskay’s Albumenized Food was highly popular as a digestible food for infants and the disabled. Later, the company did very well with Eskay’s Tablets for Seasickness. Its specialty, Eskay’s Neurophosphates, a nerve tonic, soothed millions of people at home and abroad. In 1929, Smith Kline & French Laboratories was created to devote itself solely to research and development (R&D). During the Great Depression year of 1936, the company stepped up its efforts in R&D (in a recent contrast, many pharmaceutical companies stepped down their R&D investments during the last recession of 2008).
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Alvarez, Nancy A. "Chapter 3: Containing the Fire of Burnout." In Bypass Pharmacy Burnout: Changing Your Trajectory to Enhance Your Experience. 2215 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20037-2985: The American Pharmacists Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21019/9781582123523.ch3.
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Gopalan, Balaji, Rupesh Kumar Sinha, and V. Vinoth Kumar. "Analyzing Inter-Firm Manufacturing for a Circular Economy and Green Supply Chain Management." In Harnessing Green and Circular Skills for Digital Transformation, 127–48. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2865-1.ch008.
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There has been a paradigm shift in how businesses manufacture products. Inter-firm manufacturing is a relatively new paradigm. This paper examines inter-firm manufacturing and presents an analytical framework in the light of a circular economy and green supply chain management. In developed countries, industry leadership is associated with manufacturing. Industry leaders are taking measures to encourage and prioritize manufacturing and establish new economies and business ecosystems across various industry sectors. This may be in the area of Information and communication technologies, pharma industries, 3D printing, food industries, housing, energy and utilities, businesses and financial services, and media. Today, various industries are shifting towards eco-friendly and sustainable businesses that align with circular economies and green supply chain management. For that purpose, a different analysis, one that associates performance metrics with an exergy analysis of industries in alignment with a circular economy and green supply chain management is necessary.
Conference papers on the topic "Pharmacy (Firm)"
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He, Yichao, Yan Li, Zhuang Ding, Han Yuan, and Ning Mei. "Study on the Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Micro-Scale Droplets and Fluid on Dynamic Liquid Film Condition by Lattice Boltzmann Method." In ASME 2019 6th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2019-4214.
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Abstract The lab on a chip is of great value in the analytical chemistry, biology and pharmacy. So that it is very important to study the formation and control of droplet in chips. The fluid flowing under the condition of dynamic liquid film is researched innovatively in this paper. Its inspiration is derived from bionics (fish skin, etc.), which has a broad application prospect in reducing the resistance in water and weakening the heat transfer. Dynamic liquid film refers to the dynamic thin liquid layer with the hydrophilic property on the surface of wall under the pressure of outside fluid flow. The insolubility between liquid film and fluid creates a relatively stable flowing environment. In this paper, the formation and influencing factors of the droplet in the microfluidic chip are studied by the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), and the flow and heat transfer characteristics of fluid in microchannel is studied with microfluidic chip as the carrier under the condition of insoluble dynamic liquid film existing on the wall surface. LBM has certain advantages in boundary processing, parallel operation and tracing phase interface automatically. Using SC model of LBM (for two component flow), the process of formation and movement of the droplet in microfluidic chip are simulated numerically after verified by Laplace‘s law. The result shows that the hydrophobic characteristics between the discrete phase and the wall surface and increased flow rate of the continuous phase will decrease the droplets’ volume and increase the producing frequency. In addition, the fluid flow in the microchannel is simulated under the condition of insoluble dynamic liquid film on the wall surface. The simulation result shows that when the fluid flow rate increases, the friction loss decreases and the heat transfer capacity decreases with the existence of the liquid film. The lower the dissolution trend between fluid and liquid film is, the greater the variation trend of fluid parameters will be. By comparing the results of experiment and simulation, the consistent results are obtained.