Journal articles: 'Pharmacists New Zealand'

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Haua, Robert, Jeff Harrison, and Trudi Aspden. "Pharmacist integration into general practice in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 11, no. 2 (2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc18103.

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ABSTRACT IntroductionPharmacist integration into general practice is gaining momentum internationally, with benefits noted in reducing medication errors, improving chronic disease management and alleviating general practitioner workforce shortages. Little is known about how general practice pharmacists are working in New Zealand. AimThis study characterised the current landscape of pharmacist integration into general practice in New Zealand. MethodsAn online questionnaire was developed, piloted and distributed to all pharmacists in New Zealand. ResultsThirty-six responses were analysed. Respondents were more likely to be female, have been pharmacists for at least 10 years and all but one held formal postgraduate clinical pharmacy qualifications. Seven pharmacists were working as pharmacist prescribers. Primary health organisations (PHOs) were the most common employer, with funding primarily derived from either PHOs or District Health Boards. Pharmacist integration into general practice appears to have progressed further in particular regions of New Zealand, with most respondents located in the North Island. Tasks performed by respondents included medication reviews, managing long-term conditions and medicines reconciliation. Increased job satisfaction compared with previous roles was reported by most respondents. Funding and a general lack of awareness about pharmacists’ professional scope were seen as barriers to further expansion of the role. DiscussionThis study describes the characteristics of pharmacists currently working in general practices in New Zealand and provides insights into key requirements for the role. Understanding the way practice pharmacists are currently employed and funded can inform general practices considering employing pharmacists.

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Tong, Alfred, Barrie Peake, and Rhiannon Braund. "Disposal practices for unused medications in New Zealand community pharmacies." Journal of Primary Health Care 3, no. 3 (2011): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc11197.

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INTRODUCTION: One of the recommended methods for households to dispose of unused medications in many countries is to return them to community pharmacies. However, such a practice will only reduce the environmental levels of pharmaceuticals if the medications are also disposed of and destroyed properly by the pharmacies. AIM: This study reports the results of a questionnaire sent to New Zealand community pharmacists regarding disposal practices for unused or expired medications in their workplaces. METHODS: A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was sent to 500 randomly selected community pharmacies from all areas of New Zealand. The participants were asked how they disposed of a variety of medications. In addition, participants were also asked about whether they knew how unused medications were destroyed if their pharmacy used a third-party contractor or distributor to dispose of them. RESULTS: Of the 265 respondents, 80.4% and 61.1% respectively reported that solid and semi-solid medications were removed by contractors. However liquid and Class B controlled drugs were predominantly disposed of down the pharmacy sink. Over 60% of the participating pharmacists indicated that they believed the contractors incinerated the collected pharmaceutical waste, and over 90% of the participating pharmacists indicated their wish for a state-run disposal and destruction system. DISCUSSION: Liquid medications and Class B controlled drugs, which were commonly reported to be disposed of down the sewerage system, may increase the potential for environmental pollution by pharmaceuticals in New Zealand. There is a need for increased environmental awareness amongst community pharmacists in New Zealand. KEYWORDS: Medication disposal; pharmaceutical waste; environment; excess medication; community pharmacist

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Norris, Pauline T. "New Zealand Pharmacists and Pharmacist-Only Medicines." Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 34, no. 4 (December 2004): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jppr2004344282.

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Dameh, Majd, Pauline Norris, and James Green. "New Zealand pharmacists experiences, practices and views regarding antibiotic use without prescription." Journal of Primary Health Care 4, no. 2 (2012): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc12131.

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INTRODUCTION: Very few studies have investigated pharmacists views, experiences and practices regarding the use of antibiotics without prescription. This study aimed to explore through self-report and hypothetical scenarios what factors determine New Zealand pharmacists behaviour and attitudes towards non-prescription use of antibiotics. METHODS: A purposeful sample of 35 registered community pharmacists of differing ethnic backgrounds was selected from a mixture of pharmacies that predominantly either serve New Zealand European customers or customers of other ethnicities. Semi-structured interviews including general background questions and six hypothetical scenarios were used for the investigation. Pharmacists ethnicity, education, years of experience, and customers ethnicity may influence their views, experiences and practices regarding the use of antibiotics without prescription. Customer demand or expectation, business orientation and competitiveness within community pharmacies, standards and practice of fellow pharmacists, ethics and professionalism, legislation, enforcement of the legislation, and apprehension of the consequences of such practice were hypothesised to have an effect on antibiotic use or supply without prescription by pharmacists. FINDINGS: The supply of antibiotics without prescription is not common practice in New Zealand. However, personal use of antibiotics without prescription by pharmacists may have been underestimated. Pharmacists were aware of legalities surrounding selling and using antibiotics and practised accordingly, yet many used antibiotics without prescription to treat themselves and/or spouses or partners. Many pharmacists also reported that under certain legislative, and regulatory and situational conditions they would sell antibiotics without a prescription. CONCLUSION: Views and practices regarding antibiotic use without prescription by community pharmacists require further exploration. KEYWORDS: Non-prescription antibiotics; hypothetical scenarios; legislation enforcement; New Zealand

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Wong, Lun Shen, Sanya Ram, and Shane Scahill. "Community Pharmacists’ Beliefs about Suboptimal Practice during the Times of COVID-19." Pharmacy 10, no. 6 (October 26, 2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10060140.

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Introduction: Community pharmacies are high-performance workplaces; if the environment is not conducive to safe practice, mistakes can occur. There has been increasing demand for pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic as they have become integral to the response. Suboptimal practices in the work environment and with pharmacists and their teams can impact the safe delivery of services. New Zealand pharmacists’ perceptions of the current work environment and beliefs around whether suboptimal practice have increased within the last five years and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on their practices are unknown. Aim/Objectives: To assess what New Zealand pharmacists associate with suboptimal practice in their workplace and investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on pharmacists and their workplaces. Methods: We employed an anonymous online questionnaire derived from a human factors framework utilised in the aviation industry to explore the potential environment, team and organisational factors as the determinants of suboptimal work practices. The software, hardware, environment and liveware (S.H.E.L.L) model was adapted to create questions classifying the risk factors to potentially identify aspects of work systems that are vulnerable and may provide risks to optimal practice. Additional perceptions around the effect of COVID-19 on their workplace and roles as pharmacists were explored. Participants were community pharmacists working in New Zealand contacted via a mailing list of the responsible authority for the profession. Findings: We received responses from 260 participants. Most participants indicated that suboptimal practice had increased in the last 5 years (79.8%). The majority of participants indicated that COVID-19 had impacted their workplaces (96%) and their roles as pharmacists (92.1%). Participants perceived that suboptimal practice was associated with a lack of leadership and appropriate management; poor access to resourcing, such as adequate staff and narrow time constraints for work tasks; a lack of procedures; competition; and stress. A lack of experience, professionalism and poor communication between staff, patients and external agencies were also issues. COVID-19 has affected pharmacists personally and their work environments. Further study in this area is required. Conclusions: We have identified that pharmacists across all sectors of New Zealand agreed that suboptimal practices had increased in the last 5 years. A human factors S.H.E.L.L framework can be used to classify themes to understand the increases in suboptimal practice and the role of COVID-19 on pharmacist practice. Many of these themes build on the growing body of the international literature around the effect of the pandemic on pharmacist practice. Areas for which there are less historical data to compare longitudinally include pharmacist wellbeing and the impact of COVID-19.

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Hatah, Ernieda, Rhiannon Braund, Stephen Duffull, and June Tordoff. "General practitioners views of pharmacists current and potential contributions to medication review and prescribing in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 5, no. 3 (2013): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc13223.

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INTRODUCTION: Internationally, non-medical practitioners are increasingly involved in tasks traditionally undertaken by general practitioners (GPs), such as medication review and prescribing. This study aims to evaluate GPs perceptions of pharmacists contributions to those services. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were carried out in two localities with GPs whose patients had and had not undergone a pharmacist-led adherence support Medication Use Review (MUR). GPs were asked their opinions of pharmacists provision of MUR, clinical medication review and prescribing. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo 8 and grouped by strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) category. FINDINGS: Eighteen GPs were interviewed. GPs mentioned their own skills, training and knowledge of clinical conditions. These were considered GPs major strengths. GPs perceived weaknesses were their time constraints and heavy workloads. GPs thought pharmacists strengths were their knowledge of pharmacology and having more time for in-depth medication review than GPs. Nevertheless, GPs felt pharmacist-led medication reviews might confuse patients, and increase GP workloads. GPs were concerned that pharmacist prescribing might include pharmacists making a diagnosis. This is not the proposed model for New Zealand. In general, GPs were more accepting of pharmacists providing medication reviews than of pharmacist prescribing, unless appropriate controls, close collaboration and co-location of services took place. CONCLUSION: GPs perceived their own skills were well suited to reviewing medication and prescribing, but thought pharmacists might also have strengths and skills in these areas. In future, GPs thought that working together with pharmacists in these services might be possible in a collaborative setting. KEYWORDS: Community pharmacy services; general practitioners; New Zealand; primary health care; professional role

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Donovan, Jacqueline, Ross T. Tsuyuki, Yazid N. Al Hamarneh, and Beata Bajorek. "Barriers to a full scope of pharmacy practice in primary care: A systematic review of pharmacists’ access to laboratory testing." Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 152, no. 5 (August 6, 2019): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1715163519865759.

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Objectives: To describe primary care pharmacists’ current scope of practice in relation to laboratory testing. Method: A 2-tiered search of key databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE) and grey literature with the following MeSH headings: prescribing, pharmacist/pharmacy, laboratory test, collaborative practice, protocols/guidelines. We focused on Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia for this review. Results: There is limited literature exploring primary care pharmacists’ scope of practice in relation to laboratory testing. The majority of literature is from the United States and Canada, with some from the United Kingdom and New Zealand and none from Australia. Overall, there is a difference in regulations between and within these countries, with the key difference being whether pharmacists access and/or order laboratory testing dependently or independently. Canadian pharmacists can access and/or order laboratory tests independently or dependently, depending on the province they practise in. US pharmacists can access and/or order laboratory tests dependently within collaborative practice agreements. In the United Kingdom, laboratory testing can be performed by independent prescribing pharmacists or dependently by supplementary prescribing pharmacists. New Zealand prescribing pharmacists can order laboratory testing independently. Most publications do not report on the types of laboratory tests used by pharmacists, but those that do predominantly resulted in positive patient outcomes. Discussion/Conclusion: Primary care pharmacists’ scope of practice in laboratory testing is presently limited to certain jurisdictions and is often performed in a dependent fashion. As such, a full scope of pharmacy services is almost entirely unavailable to patients in the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia. Just as in the case for pharmacists prescribing, evidence indicates better patient outcomes when pharmacists can access/order laboratory tests, but more research needs to be done alongside the implementation of local guidelines and practice standards for pharmacists who practise in that realm. Patients around the world deserve to receive a full scope of pharmacists’ practice, and lack of access to laboratory testing is one of the major obstacles to this. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2019;152:xx-xx.

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Aspden, Trudi, Cassandra Butler, Barbara Moore, and Janie Sheridan. "New Zealand health disparities pharmacists knowledge gaps and training needs." Journal of Primary Health Care 3, no. 3 (2011): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc11192.

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INTRODUCTION: Reducing health disparities is a priority for the New Zealand (NZ) Government and the health care sector and, although not mandatory until 2012, Competence Standard 1 for NZ pharmacists has been revised to reflect this. AIM: The main aim was to understand the information needs of pharmacists in the context of reducing health inequalities in NZ through undertaking a baseline study of pharmacists knowledge of health status disparities, identifying relevant resources most commonly read by pharmacists, soliciting ideas on how the profession can contribute to reducing health disparities and gauging pharmacists willingness to undergo further training. METHOD: An anonymous, semi-structured questionnaire was posted out to 500 randomly selected practising pharmacists registered in NZ. RESULTS: A 27% response rate was achieved. In general, responding pharmacists had good health disparity knowledge about asthma and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, but were less knowledgeable about differences in life expectancies and some mortality rates. Responding pharmacists made a variety of achievable suggestions where pharmacists can contribute to decreasing health disparities. Eighty percent of respondents indicated they were interested in learning more about cultural competence and health disparities in their community. DISCUSSION: Our results indicate a need for pharmacists to up-skill in the area of health disparities and cultural competence and for more effective promotion of the resources available to pharmacists to improve their knowledge in this area. The pharmacists in this study appear willing to undertake such study; however, due to the low response rate generalisations to all pharmacists practising in New Zealand cannot be made. KEYWORDS: Pharmacists; New Zealand; health disparities; cultural competency

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Campbell, Chloë, Rhiannon Braund, and Caroline Morris. "Beyond the four walls: an exploratory survey of location, employment and roles of pharmacists in primary health care." Journal of Primary Health Care 9, no. 4 (2017): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc17022.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Recognition of the need to reduce harm and optimise patient outcomes from the use of medicines is contributing to an evolution of pharmacy practice in primary health care internationally. This evolution is changing community pharmacy and leading to new models of care that enable pharmacist contribution beyond traditional realms. There is little information about the extent of these changes in New Zealand. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate emerging roles of pharmacists in primary health care. METHODS A 10-question electronic survey was used to collect quantitative data about location, employment and roles of pharmacists practising in primary health care. RESULTS There were 467 survey responses. Although most pharmacists are employed by (78%, n = 357/458) and located in (84%, n = 393/467) community pharmacies, small numbers are dispersed widely across the primary health care sector. Of the 7% (n = 31/467) working in general practices, most are employed by Primary Health Organisations or District Health Boards. Limited cognitive pharmacy service provision is evident in the sector overall, but is much greater for pharmacists spending time located within general practices. DISCUSSION The large proportion of pharmacists practising in community pharmacies emphasises the importance of the Community Pharmacy Services Agreement in facilitating increased cognitive pharmacy service provision to optimise patient outcomes. The small numbers of pharmacists located elsewhere in the primary health care sector suggest there is scope to improve collaboration and integration in these areas. Flexible funding models that promote innovation and support sustainable practice change are key.

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D'Souza, Natalia, and Shane Scahill. "The need to integrate in primary healthcare: nurse identity constructions of pharmacists as entrepreneurs." Journal of Health Organization and Management 34, no. 8 (October 6, 2020): 849–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-01-2020-0009.

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PurposeThis study explores nurses' views as to whether they see community pharmacists as “entrepreneurial” and what this might mean for working together in primary care. Pharmacists are expected to fully integrate with their colleagues – particularly nurses – under the New Zealand health policy. Yet, there is scarce literature that examines multidisciplinary teamwork and integration through an entrepreneurial identity lens. This is particularly important since around the world, including New Zealand, community pharmacies are small businesses.Design/methodology/approachThis was an exploratory qualitative study. A total of 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses from primary care, nursing professional bodies and academics from nursing schools. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Coding was undertaken through general inductive thematic analysis.FindingsIn total three key themes emerged through analysis: the entrepreneurial profile of the community pharmacist, the lack of entrepreneurship across the profession, and the role identity and value that community pharmacists hold, as viewed by nurses. There appeared to be pockets of entrepreneurship in community pharmacy; nurses did not express a blanket label of entrepreneurship across the whole sector. Nurses also discussed several forms of entrepreneurship including commercial-oriented, clinical and social entrepreneurship. The social entrepreneurship identity of community pharmacists sat most comfortably with nurse participants. Overall, nurses appeared to value community pharmacists but felt that they did not fully understand the roles that this profession took on.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper contributes to the academic literature by identifying three domains of entrepreneurship relevant to community pharmacy as well as multi-level barriers that will need to be jointly tackled by professional bodies and policy-makers. Improving nurses' and other healthcare professionals' knowledge of community pharmacists' role and expertise is also likely to facilitate better inter-professional integration.Originality/valueThere is scarce literature that attempts to understand how entrepreneurial identity plays out in health organisation and management. This study adds to the knowledge base of factors influencing integration in healthcare.

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Gray, Lesley, Rachel Chamberlain, and Caroline Morris. "“Basically you wait for an ‘in’’’: community pharmacist views on their role in weight management in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 8, no. 4 (2016): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc16026.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Obesity is now widely regarded as the main contributor to poor health globally, overtaking tobacco as the leading potentially modifiable risk to health. Community pharmacists are delivering an increasing number of extended services and are potentially well placed to contribute to obesity management strategies. No studies to date have investigated the views of community pharmacists in New Zealand about their role in weight management. AIM To explore the views of community pharmacists in one region of New Zealand about their role in weight management, including the perceived barriers and facilitators to their involvement. METHODS Qualitative, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 11 community pharmacists from the Greater Wellington region. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using an inductive approach. RESULTS Four key themes were identified from data analysis. These were: (i) perceptions of obesity; (ii) perceptions of weight management treatment options; (iii) the unique position of the community pharmacist; and (iv) barriers to involvement. The main barriers described included: (i) a lack of time and remuneration; (ii) the absence of an appropriate space within the pharmacy to discuss weight-related matters; (iii) and a lack of awareness of who to contact for specialist support. DISCUSSION Community pharmacists in Greater Wellington believe that they have a distinct role in their local community and can contribute to a multidisciplinary approach to reduce levels of obesity. Further work is required to determine the most appropriate role for community pharmacy in weight management and the training needs for pharmacy staff to optimally fulfil this role.

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Lukey, Rebecca, Ben Gray, and Caroline Morris. "‘We’re just seen as people that give out the methadone…’: exploring the role of community pharmacists in the opioid substitution treatment team." Journal of Primary Health Care 12, no. 4 (2020): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc20108.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONPeople receiving opioid substitution treatment are a vulnerable population who experience significant health inequities and stigma, but have regular interactions with community pharmacists. Many pharmacists now work collaboratively with other health providers to ensure effective and safe use of medicines, as well as being involved in the prevention and management of chronic health conditions. AIMTo explore the role of New Zealand community pharmacists in the provision of opioid substitution treatment and how they perceive their role as part of the wider opioid substitution treatment team. METHODSSemi-structured video interviews with a purposive sample of 13 diverse pharmacists explored their current practices in providing opioid substitution treatment, and their perceived role in the treatment team. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were coded and analysed using an inductive thematic approach. RESULTSThis study found that pharmacists are providing accessible support to a population with known barriers to accessing health care. However, participants also identified challenges with communication and a perceived lack of understanding of the pharmacist role as barriers to collaboration with the wider opioid substitution treatment team. DISCUSSIONCollaboration within health-care teams has been shown to improve health outcomes, and pharmacists are well placed to provide health-care services as well as offer valuable insight into clients’ mental and physical wellbeing. Improved communication channels that facilitate information sharing, as well as the opioid substitution treatment team’s recognition of a pharmacist’s role, may facilitate collaboration and, in turn, improve the quality of health care provided to this vulnerable population.

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Hatah, Ernieda, Rhiannon Braund, Stephen Duffull, and June Tordoff. "General practitioners’ perceptions of pharmacists’ new services in New Zealand." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 34, no. 2 (February 23, 2012): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-012-9617-3.

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Gauld, Natalie, Crystal Braganza, and Bruce Arroll. "Adapting the Auckland Sleep Screening Tool for pharmacy: pharmacists’ experience and feedback." Journal of Primary Health Care 11, no. 2 (2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc19003.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONInsomnia has negative health effects and may indicate underlying serious conditions, but is underdiagnosed and often not discussed with a doctor. AIMThis study aimed to explore the utility and workability in New Zealand community pharmacies of a 23-question sleep-screening tool adapted from the Short Auckland Sleep Questionnaire. METHODSA multidisciplinary advisory group (sleep specialist, general practitioner and pharmacists) discussed the tool, pharmacists’ capability in managing insomnia and training needs for pharmacists, and recommended management strategies, including referral points. Twelve community pharmacists piloted the tool with people with insomnia who presented in pharmacies, recording the time it took to administer the tool. The pharmacists were then surveyed about their experiences with the tool and possible improvements. RESULTSTen pharmacists took an average of 12.4 min (range 4–35 min) for each use of the screening tool with 62 people with insomnia. Most pharmacists found the screening tool easy to administer, organised and easy to follow and nine of 10 said it provided better information than their usual consultation. Seven of 10 pharmacists would use it again. Time limitations and low recruitment were potential barriers to usage especially for pharmacy owners. DISCUSSIONThe screening tool could provide a useful addition to pharmacists’ toolkits, aiding information gathering and better than usual practice. The tool was acceptable to most pharmacists, but its use takes time and remuneration needs consideration.

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Campbell, Chloë, Caroline Morris, and Lynn McBain. "Electronic transmission of prescriptions in primary care: transformation, timing and teamwork." Journal of Primary Health Care 13, no. 4 (2021): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc21050.

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ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown in New Zealand in March 2020, there was a rapid shift to virtual consultations in primary care. This change was supported by system adjustments to enable electronic transmission of prescriptions without a handwritten signature if they met certain security criteria. International research suggests potential for unintended consequences with such changes, so it is important to understand the effect on professional practice in New Zealand general practice and community pharmacy.AIMThe purpose of this study was to undertake a preliminary exploration of the experiences of New Zealand general practitioners and community pharmacists when prescriptions are transmitted electronically directly from prescriber to pharmacy.METHODSSemi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of four pharmacists and four general practitioners gathered qualitative data about their experiences of the shift to electronic transmission of prescriptions. Participants’ perceptions of effect on professional workflow, interprofessional interactions between general practitioners and pharmacists, and interactions with patients were explored. Interviews were audio-recorded, and the data analysed thematically using an inductive approach.RESULTSFour themes were identified: workflow transformation; mixed impact on interactions with patients; juggling timing and expectations; and new avenues for interprofessional communication (with some cul-de-sacs).DISCUSSIONBoth general practitioners and pharmacists experienced transformational changes to workflow. This was positive for general practitioners due to saved time and increased work flexibility. Pharmacists noted potential benefits but also some challenges. To fully reap teamwork benefits, more work is needed on managing the timing issues and patient expectations, and to refine the new modes of communication between health-care practitioners.

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Young, Amber, June Tordoff, Sharon Leitch, and Alesha Smith. "Patient-focused medicines information: General practitioners’ and pharmacists’ views on websites and leaflets." Health Education Journal 78, no. 3 (November 14, 2018): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896918811373.

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Objectives: To determine how often general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacists recommend patients obtain information about their medicines via websites and to explore factors that might improve the delivery of written information about medicines to patients. Design: Cross-sectional surveys. Setting: GPs and community pharmacists in New Zealand primary care. Method: Questionnaires were developed and sent to a sample of pharmacists and GPs. Data were collected using SurveyMonkey® and analysed to examine views about websites and leaflets informing patients about medicines. Results: In total, 143 GPs and 126 pharmacists responded. GPs and pharmacists did not routinely direct patients to medicine information websites. Most commonly, GPs did not provide medicine information leaflets due to time constraints and concerns about possibly confusing information. Both professions thought leaflets might cause patients to worry about side-effects. Pharmacists mainly withheld leaflets because the medicine has been taken previously or because leaflet indications differed to prescribed use. A summary leaflet, if available, would be the preferred option for improving leaflet provision. Conclusion: Providing digital medicine information is uncommon in New Zealand. Summarised, relevant information tailored to patient requirements might facilitate the provision of medicines information at the point of care.

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Bryant, Linda, Gregor Coster, and Ross McCormick. "General practitioner perceptions of clinical medication reviews undertaken by community pharmacists." Journal of Primary Health Care 2, no. 3 (2010): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc10225.

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INTRODUCTION: Delivery of current health care services focuses on interdisciplinary teams and greater involvement of health care providers such as nurses and pharmacists. This requires a change in role perception and acceptance, usually with some resistance to changes. There are few studies investigating the perceptions of general practitioners (GPs) towards community pharmacists increasing their participation in roles such as clinical medication reviews. There is an expectation that these roles may be perceived as crossing a clinical boundary between the work of the GP and that of a pharmacist. METHODS: Thirty-eight GPs who participated in the General PractitionerPharmacists Collaboration (GPPC) study in New Zealand were interviewed at the study conclusion. The GPPC study investigated outcomes of a community pharmacist undertaking a clinical medication review in collaboration with a GP, and potential barriers. The GPs were exposed to one of 20 study pharmacists. The semi-structured interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim then analysed using a general inductive thematic approach. FINDINGS: The GP balanced two themes, patient outcomes and resource utilisation, which determined the over-arching theme, value. This concept was a continuum, depending on the balance. Factors influencing the theme of patient outcomes included the clinical versus theoretical nature of the pharmacist recommendations. Factors influencing resource utilisation for general practice were primarily time and funding. CONCLUSION: GPs attributed different values to community pharmacists undertaking clinical medication reviews, but this value usually balanced the quality and usefulness of the pharmacists recommendations with the efficiency of the system in terms of workload and funding. KEYWORDS: Family physicians; community pharmacy services; drug utilization review; primary healthcare; health plan implementation; qualitative research; interprofessional relations

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Suddaby, Rebecca J., Caroline J. Morris, and Ben Gray. "Role of New Zealand community pharmacists in opioid substitution treatment." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 15, no. 5 (May 2019): e20-e21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.03.128.

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Algargoosh, Mahdi, Stephen Ritchie, Eamon Duffy, Bert Van der Werf, Mark Thomas, and Nataly Martini. "The Impact of a Pharmacist-Led Intravenous to Oral Switch of Metronidazole: A Before-and-After Study." Antibiotics 11, no. 10 (September 25, 2022): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11101303.

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(1) Background. Intravenous (IV) to oral switch (IVOS) of antibiotics can reduce the length of hospitalisation, risk of IV catheter complications, and hospital costs. Pharmacists can play an instrumental role in implementing an IVOS initiative. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led IVOS of metronidazole. (2) Method. This was an observational study conducted in a New Zealand hospital. During a 3-month intervention period, pharmacists identified patients receiving IV metronidazole; then initiated an IVOS for patients who met the criteria. The comparator groups were patients who were not switched by pharmacists in the post-intervention (post-IVOS) group, or patients treated with either IV or oral metronidazole prior to the intervention (pre-IVOS). Primary outcome measures were switch rate and duration of IV metronidazole treatment. Secondary outcome measures were readmission and/or repeat surgery within 90 days of discharge and the length of hospital stay. (3) Results. In total, 203 patients were included: 100 in the pre-IVOS and 103 in the post-IVOS groups. Pharmacists switched 63/93 (67.7%) of eligible patients to oral metronidazole in the post-IVOS period. Only 9/89 (10.1%) of IVOS eligible patients were switched in the pre-IVOS group. In the post-IVOS group, the mean duration of IV metronidazole treatment in patients switched by pharmacists was shorter than in those who were not switched by pharmacists (2.5 ± 2.8 days vs. 4.8 ± 5.9 days, p = 0.012). No significant difference was found in readmission or repeat surgery within 90 days of discharge for patients switched by pharmacists versus patients who were not switched by pharmacists. (4) Conclusion. Our data have demonstrated successful implementation of the hospital-approved pharmacist-led IVOS service.

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Gauld, Natalie, Samuel Martin, Owen Sinclair, Helen Petousis-Harris, Felicity Dumble, and Cameron C. Grant. "A Qualitative Study of Views and Experiences of Women and Health Care Professionals about Free Maternal Vaccinations Administered at Community Pharmacies." Vaccines 8, no. 2 (March 29, 2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020152.

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Background: A policy to extend funding of maternal pregnancy influenza and pertussis vaccinations to community pharmacies could address low pregnancy vaccine uptake. The policy has been implemented in one region in New Zealand. This study explored the views and experiences of women eligible for the vaccines and health care professionals regarding funded maternal vaccinations in pharmacy. Methods: Women in late pregnancy or with an infant, and midwives, pharmacists, and general practice staff were selected purposively and interviewed regarding maternal vaccinations and the new policy, including their awareness and views of the funded vaccinations in pharmacies, and how this policy worked in practice. Enablers and barriers to vaccination by pharmacists were explored. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using a framework approach. Results: Fifty-three interviews were conducted. Most women and health care professionals viewed funded maternal vaccinations in pharmacies positively with respect to increasing awareness and providing delivery options. Many women received messages from pharmacies. Most pharmacies used posters, leaflets and/or verbal explanation to pregnant women to raise awareness of the vaccinations. Not all pharmacies provided these vaccinations, and frontline staff could help to raise awareness. Conclusion: Funded maternal vaccinations in pharmacies are generally well accepted and provide an opportunity to increase uptake and prevent disease.

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Lam, Sharon Jessie, Larry D. Lynd, and Carlo A. Marra. "Pharmacists’ Satisfaction with Work and Working Conditions in New Zealand—An Updated Survey and a Comparison to Canada." Pharmacy 11, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy11010021.

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Background: As roles have evolved over time, changes in workplace environments have created higher patient expectations creating stressful conditions for pharmacists. Aim: To evaluate pharmacists’ perceptions of their working conditions, work dissatisfaction, and psychological distress; determine their predictors in New Zealand (NZ); and compare results with Canadian studies and historic NZ data. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to registered pharmacists in NZ. The survey included demographics, work satisfaction, psychological distress, and perceptions of their working conditions (six statements with agreement rated on a 5-point Likert scale). Comparisons were made with surveys from Canada and NZ. Chi-square, t-tests, and non-parametric statistics were used to make comparisons. Results: The response rate was 24.7% (694/2815) with 73.1% practicing in a community pharmacy (45.8% independent, 27.3% chains). Pharmacists disagreed on having adequate time for breaks and tasks, while the majority contemplated leaving the profession and/or not repeating their careers again if given the choice. Working longer hours and processing more prescriptions per day were predictive factors for poorer job satisfaction. More NZ pharmacists perceived their work environment to be conducive to safe and effective primary care (57% vs. 47%, p < 0.001) and reported that they had enough staff (45% vs. 32%, p = 0.002) as compared to Canadian pharmacists. Pharmacists’ job satisfaction and psychological distress have not improved compared to the assessment 20 years prior. Conclusions: NZ pharmacists perceive working conditions to be sub-optimal yet had higher satisfaction than their Canadian counterparts. Work dissatisfaction and psychological distress are high and have not improved over the last two decades.

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Dabrowski, Philip Merrow, and Kathryn Lawrie. "Twelve-week project to improve medication reconciliation at hospitals in Wellington, New Zealand." BMJ Open Quality 10, no. 2 (June 2021): e000787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000787.

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Inaccurate prescribing of medications on admission to hospital exposes patients to significant risk, both during the admission and at discharge. Initial data at Capital and Coast District Health Board (CCDHB, Wellington, New Zealand) showed that 0% of medication reconciliations initiated by pharmacy were completed correctly. A widespread lack of awareness of existing processes and communication differences between doctors and pharmacists were identified as root causes of the problem. A 12-week quality improvement project collected baseline data and then three interventions were carried out aiming to improve the rate of completed medication reconciliation. The interventions were education of house surgeons (junior hospital doctors), standardisation of pharmacist practice and a redesigned paper notification system. After three plan, do, study, act cycles our results showed an improvement in the rate of completed medication reconciliations from 0% to 37% and an improvement in pharmacist uptake of text messaging from 30% to 88%. The rate of partially completed reconciliations (where discrepancies were reconciled but documentation was not completed) fell from 82% to 37%. We were not able to show an increase in proportion of discrepancies rectified (in fact a decrease occurred) due to our data collection methodology. The interventions made have improved the quality of medication reconciliations at CCDHB and are likely sustainable in the longer term.

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Emmerton, L., J. Shaw, and N. Kheir. "Asthma management by New Zealand pharmacists: a pharmaceutical care demonstration project." Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 28, no. 5 (October 2003): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0269-4727.2003.00507.x.

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Braund, Rhiannon, Heidi M. Furlan, Katherine George, Maria M. A. Havell, Jenna L. Murphy, and Melissa K. West. "Interventions performed by New Zealand community pharmacists while dispensing prescription medications." Pharmacy World & Science 32, no. 1 (October 29, 2009): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-009-9343-7.

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Dineen-Griffin, Sarah, Victoria Garcia-Cardenas, Kris Rogers, Kylie Williams, and Shalom Isaac Benrimoj. "Evaluation of a Collaborative Protocolized Approach by Community Pharmacists and General Medical Practitioners for an Australian Minor Ailments Scheme: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Research Protocols 8, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): e13973. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13973.

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Background Internationally, governments have been investing in supporting pharmacists to take on an expanded role to support self-care for health system efficiency. There is consistent evidence that minor ailment schemes (MASs) promote efficiencies within the health care system. The cost savings and health outcomes demonstrated in the United Kingdom and Canada open up new opportunities for pharmacists to effect sustainable changes through MAS delivery in Australia. Objective This trial aims to evaluate the clinical, economic, and humanistic impact of an Australian Minor Ailments Service (AMAS) compared with usual pharmacy care in a cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) in Western Sydney, Australia. Methods The cRCT design has an intervention group and a control group, comparing individuals receiving a structured intervention (AMAS) with those receiving usual care for specific health ailments. Participants will be community pharmacies, general practices, and patients located in Western Sydney Primary Health Network (WSPHN) region. A total of 30 community pharmacies will be randomly assigned to either intervention or control group. Each will recruit 24 patients, aged 18 years or older, presenting to the pharmacy in person with a symptom-based or product-based request for one of the following ailments: reflux, cough, common cold, headache (tension or migraine), primary dysmenorrhea, or low back pain. Intervention pharmacists will deliver protocolized care to patients using clinical treatment pathways with agreed referral points and collaborative systems boosting clinician-pharmacist communication. Patients recruited in control pharmacies will receive usual care. The coprimary outcomes are rates of appropriate recommendation of nonprescription medicines and rates of appropriate medical referral. Secondary outcomes include self-reported symptom resolution, health services resource utilization, and EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale. Differences in primary outcomes between groups will be analyzed at the individual patient level accounting for correlation within clusters with generalized estimating equations. The economic impact of the model will be evaluated by cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analysis compared with usual care. Results The study began in July 2018. Thirty community pharmacies were recruited. Pharmacists from the 15 intervention pharmacies were trained. A total of 27 general practices consented. Pharmacy patient recruitment began in August 2018 and was completed on March 31, 2019. Conclusions This study may demonstrate the efficacy of a protocolized intervention to manage minor ailments in the community and will assess the clinical, economic, and humanistic impact of this intervention in Australian pharmacy practice. Pharmacists supporting patient self-care and appropriate self-medication may contribute to greater efficiency of health care resources and integration of self-care in the health system. The proposed model and developed educational content may form the basis of a national MAS service in Australia, using a robust framework for management and referral for common ailments. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12618000286246; http://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12618000286246.aspx International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/13973

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Boyina, Sivamanoj Yadav, Tim Stokes, Angela Renall, and Rhiannon Braund. "Clinical pharmacist facilitators in primary care: a descriptive study of their roles and services provided in general practices of southern New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 12, no. 1 (2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc19073.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONInternationally, the inclusion of pharmacists into general practice as clinical pharmacy facilitators has improved patient outcomes. However, clinical pharmacists are relatively new to southern New Zealand general practices and their range of services has not been studied. AIMSTo describe the implementation of clinical pharmacist services in general practices in the Southern region; to examine the tasks conducted by clinical pharmacy facilitators; and to determine the characteristics of patients who access this service. METHODSThe establishment and development of the clinical pharmacy facilitator role was determined by documentation held within the local Primary Health Organisation. The activities performed by clinical pharmacy facilitators were collected from patient medical records for the period 31 March 2015 to 31 March 2018. To describe the characteristics of patients receiving these services, a retrospective case note review of patients seen by the facilitators was conducted. RESULTSThe clinical pharmacy facilitator role was initiated with three pharmacists in three geographical locations across the region. Within 18 months, the number of facilitators was increased to eight. As a result of collaboration with the general practice team, 42% of referrals came from general practitioners directly. Overall, 2621 medicine-related problems were identified in 2195 patients. Dosage adjustment was the most common recommendation made by pharmacy facilitators. They consulted mostly older patients and patients taking five or more medicines. DISCUSSIONWith effective collaboration, clinical pharmacy facilitators can play a key role in optimisation of medicines therapy.

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Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din, Piyush Grover, Joanna Stewart, Michele Hogg, Leanne Short, Hee Gyung Seo, and Anne Rew. "Evaluating pharmacists’ views, knowledge, and perception regarding generic medicines in New Zealand." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 7, no. 3 (September 2011): 294–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2010.06.004.

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Harrison, Jeff, Shane Scahill, and Janie Sheridan. "New Zealand pharmacists’ alignment with their professional body’s vision for the future." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 8, no. 1 (January 2012): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2010.12.001.

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Sheridan, Janie, Therese Kairuz, and Rachael Butler. "Reporting Purchasers of Pseudoephedrine Products to Police: New Zealand Community Pharmacists' Experiences." Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 37, no. 1 (March 2007): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2055-2335.2007.tb00651.x.

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Tordoff, June, Shih Yen Chang, and Pauline T. Norris. "Community pharmacists’ perceptions of services that benefit older people in New Zealand." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 34, no. 2 (February 11, 2012): 342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-012-9612-8.

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Aspden, Trudi J., Pushkar R. Silwal, Munyaradzi Marowa, and Rhys Ponton. "Why do pharmacists leave the profession? A mixed-method exploratory study." Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2021.2.2332.

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Background: Recent New Zealand policy documents aim for pharmacists to be retained, and promote the provision of extended clinical pharmacy services. However, younger pharmacists have expressed dissatisfaction with the profession on informal social for a. Objectives: To explore the characteristics, and perspectives of pharmacy as a career, of recent Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm, four-year degree) graduates who have left, or are seriously considering leaving the New Zealand pharmacy profession in the near future and where they have gone, or plan to go. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a mixed-method explanatory sequential design. An anonymous online survey among those who completed their pharmacy undergraduate degree (BPharm or equivalent) in 2003 or later and who had left or who were seriously considering leaving the New Zealand pharmacy profession in the next five years, was open from 1st December 2018 to 1st February 2019. Recruitment occurred via University alumni databases, pharmacy professional organisations, pharmaceutical print media, social media and word-of-mouth. Ten semi-structured interviews were then conducted with a purposive sample of survey respondents. Descriptive statistics were generated from the quantitative data and qualitative data were analysed using manifest content analysis. Results: We received 327 analysable surveys of which 40.4% (n=132) were from those who had already left the New Zealand pharmacy sector at the time of the data collection and the rest (59.6% n=195) were those working within the sector, but seriously considering leaving the profession. Reasons most commonly reported for studying pharmacy were having an interest in health and wanting to work with people. The most common reasons for leaving, or wanting to leave, were dissatisfaction with the professional environment, including inadequate remuneration, and a perceived lack of career pathways or promotion opportunities. A wide range of career destinations were declared, with medicine being most frequently reported. Conclusions: Most of the reasons for leaving/considering leaving the profession reported relate to the values and features of the pharmacy profession such as the professional environment, remuneration and career pathways. These findings are consistent with other studies and may represent a barrier to achieving the aims of recent health policy documents.

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Simpson, Bryan, David Reith, Natalie Medlicott, Alesha Smith, and Murray Tilyard. "NEW ZEALAND FORMULARY FOR CHILDREN–A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL PAEDIATRIC FORMULARY DEVELOPMENT." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 1 (December 14, 2015): e1.18-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-310148.25.

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BackgroundThe New Zealand Formulary for Children (NZFc) was developed to build on the New Zealand Universal List of Medicines through the addition of clinical information about medicines use in paediatrics. The structure and content of the NZFc is based on the British National Formulary for Children (BNFc) but is adapted for New Zealand practice.AimsTo adapt the BNFc to provide New Zealand healthcare professionals with information about the selection, prescribing, dispensing, and administration of medicines; to link the clinical information with subsidy and registration status of medicines; to incorporate additional resources according to local requirements.MethodsThe initial release (November, 2013) of the NZFc was adapted from the latest version of the BNFc focusing on relevance to NZ practice. The BNFc prescribing notes were reviewed by medical specialists and clinical pharmacists before review and approval by an editorial advisory board. The BNFc drug monographs were compared to New Zealand approved Medicine Datasheets (NZAMD) and tailored to reflect New Zealand approved indications and doses. The NZFc is an on-line publication provided as open access within New Zealand. When off-label uses were identified, validation was undertaken using appropriate alternate resources.ResultsThe NZFc was successfully developed and user statistics indicate that it is being utilised by the New Zealand health sector with 172796 visitors (February 2015). Also, monthly page views have steadily increased from 35944 (November 2013) to 216064 (February 2105).ConclusionThe project demonstrated that it is possible to adapt the BNFc for application in other countries.

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Vicary, Dianne, Sara Salman, Nicolas Jones, and Trudi Aspden. "Hawke’s Bay pharmacists’ activities during a campylobacter contamination of public water supply in Havelock North during 2016." Journal of Primary Health Care 12, no. 2 (2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc19110.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONIn August 2016 contamination of the local water supply resulted in a significant gastroenteritis outbreak in Hawke’s Bay. The significance of the initial test result was recognised early, partly as a result of information provided by a Havelock North pharmacist to health authorities about an unusual number of requests for anti-diarrhoeal medication. AIMTo describe the breadth of activities undertaken by pharmacists working in Hawke’s Bay in August 2016, following Campylobacter jejuni contamination of the public water supply in Havelock North, New Zealand. METHODSAll pharmacists and hospital pharmacy management staff working in Hawke’s Bay in 2017 were eligible to complete the qualitative online questionnaire. Additionally, information was requested from stakeholders with known relevant experiences. Free-text responses were thematically analysed using a general inductive approach. RESULTSThirteen pharmacists and two ancillary staff from community pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, general practice, management, emergency response and dispensary management responded to the survey. Analysis of responses revealed three overarching themes and six sub-themes. The first was public wellbeing, with sub-themes of community information, local emergency response and pharmacy operational management. The second was pharmaceutical distribution, with a sub-theme of stock management. The third theme was clinical medicine management, with sub-themes of acute symptom management and medicine management. DISCUSSIONThe pharmacy profession appears to have played an important role in public wellbeing, pharmaceutical distribution and medicine therapy management during the outbreak. It is likely that through their actions, responding pharmacists reduced demand on other primary care services and prevented hospitalisations. Further research directions include exploring the effectiveness of community pharmacists in public health surveillance and the use of endorsed public health information to ensure consistent delivery of health messages.

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Young, Amber, June Tordoff, Sharon Leitch, and Alesha Smith. "Doctors and pharmacists provision and opinions of medicines information leaflets in New Zealand." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 40, no. 3 (April 19, 2018): 676–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-018-0635-7.

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Barnes, Joanne, and Rachael Butler. "Community pharmacists’ professional practices for complementary medicines: a qualitative study in New Zealand." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 42, no. 4 (July 20, 2020): 1109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01093-2.

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Sporer, Matthias E., Joanna E. Mathy, John Kenealy, and Jon A. Mathy. "Sunscreen compliance with regional clinical practice guidelines and product labeling standards in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 8, no. 1 (2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc15019.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION For general practitioners, practice nurses and community pharmacists in New Zealand, a core duty is to educate patients about sun protection. We aimed to evaluate compliance of locally available sunscreens with regional clinical practice guidelines and sunscreen labelling standards, to assist clinicians in advising consumers on sunscreen selection. METHODS We audited all sunscreens available at two Auckland stores for three New Zealand sunscreen retailers. We then assessed compliance with accepted regional clinical practice guidelines for sun protection from the New Zealand Guidelines Group. We further assessed compliance with regional Australia/New Zealand consumer standards for sunscreen labelling. RESULTS All sunscreens satisfied clinical guidelines for broad-spectrum protection, and 99% of sunscreens met or exceeded clinical guidelines for minimal Sun Protection Factor. Compliance with regional standardized labelling guidelines is voluntary in New Zealand and 27% of audited sunscreens were not fully compliant with SPF labelling standards. DISCUSSION Sunscreens were generally compliant with clinical guidelines for minimal sun protection. However there was substantial noncompliance with regional recommendations for standardized sunscreen labelling. Primary health care clinicians should be aware that this labelling noncompliance may mislead patients into thinking some sunscreens offer more sun protection than they do. Mandatory compliance with the latest regional labelling standards would simplify sunscreen selection by New Zealand consumers. KEYWORDS Sunscreen; Sun Protection Factor; SPF; Skin Neoplasms; Melanoma; Skin Cancer Prevention

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Young, Amber, June Tordoff, Sharon Leitch, and Alesha Smith. "Do health professionals tell patients what they want to know about their medicines?" Health Education Journal 77, no. 7 (April 9, 2018): 762–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896918763679.

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Background: Discussing medicines with patients is the responsibility of prescribers and pharmacists. However, it is not well known whether patients are given the information they want or whether information provision continues when medicines are taken long-term. Objective: To determine how often general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacists provide verbal information to patients about their medicines, and compare the information given with what patients want to know. Design: Cross-sectional surveys. Setting: New Zealand primary healthcare. Method: Two questionnaires were developed and sent to a sample of pharmacists and GPs, and chi-squared analysis was carried out. Open responses were analysed qualitatively to detect further ideas. Results: A total of 119 pharmacists and 150 GPs responded. For new medicines, significantly more GPs than pharmacists reported giving verbal information all of the time. Significantly more GPs than pharmacists reported discussing most counselling points all or most of the time. Pharmacists were more likely than GPs to discuss counselling points only when requested to by patients. For repeat medicines, significantly more GPs than pharmacists were likely to consider counselling points very important. Conclusion: Patients may not be receiving the information they want to know about their medicines, and there may be an overall lack of verbal communication about medicines with patients. Some information will only be discussed if the patient actively requests it; the likelihood of this increases with repeat medicines. The use of counselling aids and tools, such as a medicine information leaflet, could help healthcare providers provide patients with the information they need.

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Lech, Laura V. J., Gitte R. Husted, Anna Birna Almarsdottír, Trine R. H. Andersen, Charlotte Rossing, and Lotte S. Nørgaard. "Hospital and Community Pharmacists’ Views of and Perspectives on the Establishment of an Intraprofessional Collaboration in the Transition of Care for Newly Discharged Patients." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 11, no. 3 (August 5, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v11i3.2440.

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Background Hospital and community pharmacists are increasingly involved in patients’ medication interventions related to the transition of care from the hospital to a patient’s home. These interventions may enable pharmacists to collaborate across healthcare sector boundaries. However, little is known about pharmacists’ views on intraprofessional collaboration across healthcare sectors and what affects the establishment of such collaboration. Objectives The aim of this study was to understand the views and perspectives of hospital pharmacists (HPs) and community pharmacists (CPs) on establishing an intraprofessional collaboration in relation to newly discharging patients. Methods Joint focus group interviews with HPs and CPs in the Zealand region of Denmark were conducted. The HPs were employed at the only hospital pharmacy in the region (Region Zealand Hospital Pharmacy). Five HPs and six CPs participated in two focus groups. The focus groups were analyzed using theoretical thematic analysis. Results Three themes and seven subthemes were identified. The first theme, “Context”, was divided into two subthemes: “Prioritization of new tasks in the intraprofessional collaboration” and “The lack of insight into the patient’s hospital stay”. The second theme, “The hospital physicians and GPs as the focal points for the HPs’ and CPs’ work”, was divided into three subthemes: “The limitation of the CPs and HPs based on current roles and organizations”, “Lack of regular access to the physician gives the patients more responsibility” and “Lack of support from the GPs for the work conducted by HPs and CPs”. The last theme, “Individuals”, had two subthemes: “The motivation for working intraprofessionally” and “CPs’ hesitancy towards the new tasks in the intraprofessional collaboration”. Conclusion Both HPs and CPs are highly influenced by their work context in regard to establishing a new intraprofessional collaboration. Limited resources for intraprofessional collaboration should be taken into account. Likewise, the collaboration should fit into daily routines, which may eliminate hesitancy towards new forms of collaboration and tasks shared between HPs and CPs. The physician was identified as an important key professional, since the work tasks of both HPs and CPs depend on the physician, which in turn limits the capability and success of solely intraprofessional collaboration. Original Research

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Bryant, Linda, Joanne Maney, and Nataly Martini. "Changing perspectives of the role of community pharmacists: 1998 – 2012." Journal of Primary Health Care 9, no. 1 (2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc16032.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION In New Zealand, extended medicines management roles proposed for pharmacists include the optimisation and monitoring of medicines in patients with long-term conditions through greater collaboration with general practitioners (GPs). Although some collaborative roles have been successfully implemented in hospitals, barriers for both pharmacists and GPs hinder interprofessional working relationships in the community. AIM To compare data from a 2012 study with two previous studies (1998, 2002) examining perceptions of community pharmacists and GPs of the expanding medicines management roles of community pharmacists. METHODS In 2012, a survey, modelled on the 1998 and 2002 studies, was sent to 600 community pharmacists and 600 GPs. Analyses considered the five-point Likert scale to be a continuous variable. A change of ≥ 10% between any two surveys indicated a relevant change for comparison. RESULTS Increasing agreement, which differed considerably between professions, was apparent for most expanding medicine management roles over the 14 study years. In all three studies, pharmacists were open to expanding their roles to include monitoring, screening, advisory and prescribing roles. GPs were most accepting of the traditional dispensing role with a positive shift towards pharmacists’ involvement in medicines management over time. DISCUSSION Over 14 years, GPs became more accepting of community pharmacists’ involvement in extended medicines management roles, although still had low acceptance of the more clinical roles. Pharmacists considered increased involvement in medicines management as their role, but appeared to lack confidence in their ability to do this role.

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Martini, Nataly, Kamlika Basdew, Ala Kammona, Amy Shen, Caragh Taylor, Timothy R. McIntosh, and Joanne Barnes. "Pharmacists' views on and experiences with bowel cancer screening kits in Auckland, New Zealand." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 22, no. 4 (October 10, 2013): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12074.

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Hatah, E., R. Braund, S. Duffull, and J. Tordoff. "General Practitioners’ Views on Pharmacists Potential Contributions to Medication-Related Services in New Zealand." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 8, no. 6 (November 2012): e37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.08.085.

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Morris, Caroline, Megan Pledger, Janet McDonald, Phoebe Dunn, Ausaga Fa’asalele Tanuvasa, Kirsten Smiler, and Jackie Cumming. "Pharmacy in the community – how are New Zealand pharmacists extending their patient-facing roles?" Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 15, no. 5 (May 2019): e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.03.083.

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Braund, Rhiannon, Carolyn V. Coulter, Amy Jane Bodington, Lauren Margaret Giles, Anna-Marie Greig, Larissa Jane Heaslip, and Brooke Jane Marshall. "Drug related problems identified by community pharmacists on hospital discharge prescriptions in New Zealand." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 36, no. 3 (April 4, 2014): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-014-9935-8.

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Matti, Nadine, Minh-Nha R. Nguyen, Cassandra Mosel, and Luke E. Grzeskowiak. "Utilization of neonatal medication error prevention strategies: a clinical practice survey of Australian and New Zealand neonatal units." Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 9, no. 11 (September 12, 2018): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042098618796952.

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Background: Medication errors are common in neonatal care and can lead to significant harm. We sought to explore utilization of various medication error prevention strategies across Australian and New Zealand neonatal units (NNUs) through a clinical practice survey. Methods: An electronic survey was distributed in October 2016 to relevant staff at each of the 29 level III NNUs identified as members of the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network (ANZNN). The survey contained questions relating to a range of medication error prevention strategies identified from a previous systematic review on the topic. The evaluated interventions targeted different aspects of the medication-use process including prescribing, evaluation/checking of orders by clinical pharmacists, transmission, preparation and dispensing of orders, storage of medications, and medication administration. Results: From the 20 respondents, the evidence-based strategies most commonly utilized were use of smart pumps ( n = 18; 90%), and ward-based clinical pharmacists ( n = 17; 85%). Interventions least commonly utilized included barcode scanning with medication administration ( n = 0; 0%), electronic prescribing and clinical decision support ( n = 1; 5%), and dedicated medication administration nurse ( n = 2; 10%). The total number of evidence-based medication error prevention strategies utilized in each NNU ranged from 2 to 10 (median = 7), 10 of 16 strategies were utilized by less than 50% of NNUs. Conclusion: While evidence supports utilization of a number of medication error prevention strategies, these appear inconsistently utilized across current practice settings.

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Kairuz, Therése, Christy Noble, and John Shaw. "Preceptors, Interns, and Newly Registered Pharmacists' Perceptions of New Zealand Pharmacy Graduates' Preparedness to Practice." American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 74, no. 6 (September 2010): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/aj7406108.

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Cox, A. R., A. Islam, and P. Neal. "Homoeopathy and the profession of pharmacy: A survey of United Kingdom and New Zealand pharmacists." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 14, no. 8 (August 2018): e34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.05.053.

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Sheridan, Janie, Rachael Butler, Theo Brandt, Jeff Harrison, Maree Jensen, and John Shaw. "Patients' and pharmacists' perceptions of a pilot Medicines Use Review service in Auckland, New Zealand." Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research 3, no. 1 (December 2, 2011): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-8893.2011.00075.x.

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Kinsey, Hannah, Shane Scahill, Lynne Bye, and Jeff Harrison. "Funding for change: New Zealand pharmacists’ views on, and experiences of, the community pharmacy services agreement." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 24, no. 6 (April 28, 2016): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12266.

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Aspden, T. J., C. K. Butler, B. Moore, and J. Sheridan. "New Zealand Pharmacists’ Strategies for Communicating with Patients for Whom English is Not Their Primary Language." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 8, no. 6 (November 2012): e39-e40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.08.091.

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Holt, Shaun. "Which natural products do New Zealand GPs and pharmacists take themselves and/or recommend to patients?" Advances in Integrative Medicine 1, no. 2 (May 2014): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2014.02.001.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pharmacists New Zealand'

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