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Patel, Deep, Tim Mickleborough, Ali Elbeddini, and Mhd Wasem Alsabbagh. "Association between Pharmacists’ Country of Qualifying Education and Practising in a Hospital Setting: A Cross-Sectional Ontario Study." Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 76, no. 4 (October 2, 2023): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.3440.
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Background: It is hypothesized that international pharmacy graduates (IPGs) are underrepresented in more clinically challenging work. Objective: To examine the association between country of qualifying education for pharmacists in Ontario and the likelihood of practising in a hospital setting. Methods: This study was based on publicly available data from the Ontario College of Pharmacists website, specifically records for all Ontario pharmacists with authorization to provide patient care and for whom country of qualifying education and an accredited pharmacy as a place of practice were reported. Pharmacists who met the inclusion criteria were categorized as Canadian graduates or IPGs. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for reporting hospital pharmacy as a place of practice were estimated by fitting a logistic regression, with adjustment for gender and years since graduation. Results: A total of 14 689 pharmacists were included in the study: 7403 (50.4%) Canadian graduates and 7286 (49.6%) IPGs. These pharmacists worked in a total of 5028 accredited pharmacies (243 hospital pharmacies [4.8%] and 4785 community pharmacies [95.2%]). Among Canadian graduates, 2458 (33.2%) reported at least 1 hospital pharmacy practice site, whereas the proportion was much smaller among IPGs (427, 5.9%). Canadian graduates represented 85.2% (2458/2885) of all pharmacists who reported hospital practice. The estimated crude OR for practice in a hospital pharmacy was 7.98 (95% CI 7.16–8.91), and the adjusted OR was 7.12 (95% CI 6.39–7.98). Conclusions: IPGs may face barriers impeding their ability to practise in a hospital setting. Providing opportunities such as structured clinical training and experiential placements may facilitate integration of IPGs in institutional settings. RÉSUMÉ Contexte : On émet l’hypothèse que les diplômés internationaux en pharmacie (DIP) sont sous-représentés dans des tâches plus cliniquement exigeantes. Objectif : Étudier l’association entre le pays de formation qualifiante des pharmaciens en Ontario et la probabilité de pratiquer dans un environnement hospitalier. Méthodes : Cette étude se fondait sur des données accessibles au public sur le site Web de l’Ordre des pharmaciens de l’Ontario, plus précisément les dossiers de tous les pharmaciens de l’Ontario autorisés à prodiguer des soins aux patients et pour lesquels le pays de formation qualifiante ainsi qu’une pharmacie accréditée en tant que lieu de pratique étaient signalés. Les pharmaciens répondant aux critères d’inclusion ont été catégorisés en tant que diplômés canadiens ou DIP. Le rapport de cotes (RC) et l’intervalle de confiance (IC) à 95 % pour le signalement de la pharmacie pratiquée en milieu hospitalier ont été estimés en utilisant une régression logistique, tenant compte du sexe et du nombre d’années depuis l’obtention du diplôme. Résultats : Un total de 14 689 pharmaciens ont été inclus dans l’étude : 7403 (50,4 %) diplômés canadiens et 7286 (49,6 %) DIP. Ces pharmaciens travaillaient dans 5028 pharmacies accréditées au total (243 pharmacies en milieu hospitalier [4,8 %] et 4785 pharmacies communautaires [95,2 %]). Parmi les diplômés canadiens, 2458 (33,2 %) ont signalé au moins un site de pratique en pharmacie hospitalière, tandis que la proportion était beaucoup plus faible parmi les DIP (427, 5,9 %). Les diplômés canadiens représentaient 85,2 % (2458/2885) de tous les pharmaciens ayant signalé une pratique de la pharmacie en milieu hospitalier. Le rapport de cotes (RC) brut estimé pour la pratique en pharmacie en milieu hospitalier était de 7,98 (IC à 95 % 7,16-8,91), et le RC ajusté était de 7,12 (IC à 95 % 6,39-7,98). Conclusions : Les DIP peuvent être confrontés à des obstacles qui entravent leur capacité à exercer dans un environnement hospitalier. Offrir des occasions, comme des formations cliniques structurées et des stages expérientiels, pourrait faciliter leur intégration dans des milieux institutionnels.
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Fritsch, Michelle A., and Kenneth C. Lamp. "Low Pharmacist Counseling Rates in the Kansas City, Missouri, Metropolitan Area." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 31, no. 9 (September 1997): 984–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809703100905.
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Objective To quantify the percentage of patients counseled by community-based pharmacists. Methods Phase I consisted of a 15-minute observational period of pharmacist counseling in 50 randomly selected pharmacies in the Kansas City, MO, area. In phase II, a survey was mailed to the same pharmacies to obtain policies, self-reported rates of counseling, baseline workload, and personnel information, as well as perceived communication barriers. Results Forty-six of 50 pharmacies were observed in phase I after excluding 10 ineligible pharmacies and adding 6 replacement pharmacies. Pharmacists provided counseling in only 14 of the 46 pharmacies (30%). Nineteen percent (20/106) of all patients received pharmacist-initiated counseling. Pharmacists in independent pharmacies were observed counseling a significantly higher percentage of patients than were pharmacists in chain pharmacies (44% vs. 11%; p = 0.014). Technicians were observed counseling 5 patients in chain pharmacies. Detailed verbal counseling, defined as four or more of a group of major counseling components, was provided to only 8 of the 20 patients who were counseled by a pharmacist (40%; 8% of all patients). In phase II, 31 of 51 surveys (61%) were returned. During the requested survey time period, pharmacies estimated that approximately five prescriptions were filled every 15 minutes, 51.5% of which were new. Pharmacists in chain pharmacies reported dispensing greater numbers of prescriptions than did pharmacists in independent pharmacies. These data and the reported counseling rates indicated that 50% of all patient prescriptions should be counseled. This is a higher rate than actually observed. All pharmacies reported that pharmacists completed the counseling; however, 10% of the respondents reported that technicians also counseled patients. Contrary to the findings in phase I, slightly more than 50% of the pharmacists reported using detailed verbal counseling. Conclusions The overall observed rate of counseling in community pharmacies is low. In the Kansas City area, independent pharmacists counsel a greater than average percentage of their patients. Even if the national counseling rate is double what was observed, millions of patients are leaving pharmacies without the benefit of pharmacotherapeutic guidance. If pharmacists are slow to meet these challenges, other service providers will relieve pharmacists of that responsibility.
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Roja, Zenija, Henrijs Kalkis, and Agnese Melluma. "Work environment risk indicators for pharmacists in the preparation of extemporaneous medicines." SHS Web of Conferences 131 (2022): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213102006.
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The pharmaceutical sector is one of the leading sectors of the Latvian economy, but the extemporary prepared medicines still occupy a small market share. The study involved 44 pharmacists and pharmacist assistants preparing extemporal medicines, while the control group included pharmacists and pharmacist assistants who only attend customers in pharmacies. The aim of this study was to identify work environment risk indicators for pharmacists preparing extemporal medicines in open-type pharmacies. In the research, we used methods of observation and survey to identify the views of pharmacists and pharmacist assistants preparing medicines in open-type pharmacies. The study concluded that pharmacists and pharmacist assistants who prepare medicinal products in open type pharmacies are exposed to a wide range of work environment risks, especially to the chemical risks. During our investigation, we identified the main work environment risk indicators: occupational accidents, workload, lack of information, exposure to chemicals, length of service, work environment quality, and use of personal protective equipment.
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Fakih, Souhiela, Jennifer L. Marriott, and Safeera Y. Hussainy. "A national mailed survey exploring weight management services across Australian community pharmacies." Australian Journal of Primary Health 21, no. 2 (2015): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13118.
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This study investigated pharmacists’ and pharmacy assistants’ current weight management recommendations to consumers across Australian community pharmacies using a mailed questionnaire. Two questionnaires were developed, one for pharmacists and one for pharmacy assistants, each divided into five sections. One pharmacist and pharmacy assistant questionnaire were mailed in November 2011 to a systematic sample of 3000 pharmacies across Australia for one pharmacist and pharmacy assistant each to complete. A total of 537 pharmacist and 403 pharmacy assistant responses, from 880 different pharmacies, were received. Overall 94.5% (n = 832/880) of associated pharmacies stocked weight loss products and 48.2% (n = 424/880) offered a weight management program. Both pharmacists and pharmacy assistants felt that the development of pharmacy-specific educational resources and additional training would help improve their ability to provide weight management services. Australian pharmacists and pharmacy assistants currently appear to be providing weight management services to consumers; however, not all their recommendations are evidence based. The need for additional training for pharmacy staff in areas identified as lacking and the development of pharmacy weight management educational resources needs to be addressed.
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Khojah, Hani MJ. "Do pharmacists counsel customers about the effects of sedating antihistamines on driving skills? A survey of community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 5 (March 19, 2019): 2018–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519838953.
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Objective To investigate the level of counselling regarding the effects of sedating antihistamines on driving skills provided by private community pharmacies in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This study randomly selected private community pharmacies. Mystery shoppers following a similar scenario individually visited these pharmacies. These clients asked for a commonly used brand of sedating antihistamine and noted the counselling offered by the pharmacist. If spontaneous counselling was not offered, necessary information regarding the medication’s use was requested. Finally, the content of counselling was documented. Results Of the 100 pharmacies selected, 12 were excluded for various reasons and 88 pharmacies were included in the study. Only 23 pharmacies offered spontaneous counselling. Although 73.9% of pharmacists (65 of 88), spontaneously or upon request, mentioned sedation as a side-effect, only one pharmacist warned the client against driving after taking the medication, and three other pharmacists warned against dealing with hazardous machinery. Other side-effects were almost ignored. Conclusion A life-threatening insufficiency in the quality of counselling at Saudi Arabian private community pharmacies exists. Traffic accidents, secondary to the side-effects of sedating antihistamines, may be avoided if proper counselling is offered. Saudi Arabian authorities should take appropriate actions to ensure optimal practice in community pharmacies.
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Winslade, Nancy, and Robyn Tamblyn. "Determinants of community pharmacists’ quality of care: a population-based cohort study using pharmacy administrative claims data." BMJ Open 7, no. 9 (September 2017): e015877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015877.
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ObjectiveTo determine if a prototype pharmacists’ services evaluation programme that uses linked community pharmacy claims and health administrative data to measure pharmacists’ performance can be used to identify characteristics of pharmacies providing higher quality of care.DesignPopulation-based cohort study using community pharmacy claims from 1 November 2009 to 30 June 2010.SettingAll community pharmacies in Quebec, Canada.Participants1742 pharmacies dispensing 8 655 348 antihypertensive prescriptions to 760 700 patients.Primary outcome measurePatient adherence to antihypertensive medications.PredictorsPharmacy level: dispensing workload, volume of pharmacist-provided professional services (eg, refusals to dispense, pharmacotherapy recommendations), pharmacy location, banner/chain, pharmacist overlap and within-pharmacy continuity of care. Patient level: sex, age, income, patient prescription cost, new/chronic therapy, single/multiple antihypertensive medications, single/multiple prescribers and single/multiple dispensing pharmacies. Dispensing level: prescription duration, time of day dispensed and antihypertensive class. Multivariate alternating logistic regression estimated predictors of the primary outcome, accounting for patient and pharmacy clustering.Results9.2% of dispensings of antihypertensive medications were provided to non-adherent patients. Male sex, decreasing age, new treatment, multiple prescribers and multiple dispensing pharmacies were risk factors for increased non-adherence. Pharmacies that provided more professional services were less likely to dispense to non-adherent hypertensive patients (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.62) as were those with better scores on the Within-Pharmacy Continuity of Care Index. Neither increased pharmacists’ services for improving antihypertensive adherence per se nor increased pharmacist overlap impacted the odds of non-adherence. However, pharmacist overlap was strongly correlated with dispensing workload. There was significant unexplained variability among pharmacies belonging to different banners and chains.ConclusionsPharmacy administrative claims data can be used to calculate pharmacy-level characteristics associated with improved quality of care. This study supports the importance of pharmacist’s professional services and continuity of pharmacist’s care.
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Melo, Angelita C., Guilherme M. Trindade, Alessandra R. Freitas, Karina A. Resende, and Tarcísio J. Palhano. "Community pharmacies and pharmacists in Brazil: A missed opportunity." Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 2 (June 22, 2021): 2467. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2021.2.2467.
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The Brazilian National Health System (BR-NHS) is one of the largest public health systems in the world. In 2019 Brazil had 114,352 community pharmacies (76.8% private owned), that represent the first point of access to healthcare in Brazil due to their wide distribution. Unfortunately, from the government's point of view, the main expected activity of private and public community pharmacies is related to dispensing medicines and other health products. Public community pharmacies can be part of a healthcare center or be in a separate location, sometimes without the presence of a pharmacist. Pharmacists working in these separated locations do not have access to patients’ medical records, and they have difficulty in accessing other members of the patient care team. Pharmacists working in public pharmacies located in healthcare centers may have access to patients’ medical records, but pharmacy activities are frequently under other professional’s supervision (e.g., nurses). Private pharmacies are usually open 24/7 with the presence of a pharmacist for 8 hours on business days. Private community pharmacies have a very limited integration in the BR-NHS and pharmacists are the third largest healthcare workforce in Brazil with more than 221,000 registered in the Brazilian Federal Pharmacist Association [CFF - Conselho Federal de Farmácia]. A University degree in pharmacy is the only requirement to entry into the profession, without any proficiency exam for maintenance or career progression. The Brazilian pharmacist's annual income is ranked as the 2nd better-paid profession with an annual average income of € 5502.37 (in 2020). Description of clinical activities for pharmacies by the CFF increased in the recent years, however there is still a long way to effectively implement them into practice.
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Widowati, I. Gusti Ayu Rai, and Mohammad Zamroni. "Indonesia Facing Challenges of Pharmaceutical Care Implementation in Community Pharmacies: A Legal Perspective." Jurnal Hukum Prasada 10, no. 2 (October 2, 2023): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jhp.10.2.2023.69-79.
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Pharmaceutical Care (PC) is a kind of interactive comprehensive service offered by the pharmacist to the patient, in which the pharmacist's physical presence is expected when providing pharmaceutical services to the patients at the pharmacy. However, pharmacists still prioritized internal management over interacting directly with patients. The objective of this research is to glance at the legal challenges of PC implementation in Indonesian community pharmacies. The normative juridical research method has been used, with a conceptual and legal approach. PC implementation in community pharmacies experiences major-level, mid-level, and minor-level challenges. PC standards in pharmacies are legally stated in Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 73 of 2016, but there are still conflicts between pharmaceutical management and PC implementation. In the incident of a medication error, the pharmacist as the person responsible for PC in the pharmacy, is legally responsible. Pharmacists who do not meet PC standards in community pharmacies encounter administrative, civil, and criminal consequences.
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Huston, Sally A., David R. Ha, Lindsey A. Hohmann, Tessa J. Hastings, Kimberly B. Garza, and Salisa C. Westrick. "Qualitative Investigation of Community Pharmacy Immunization Enhancement Program Implementation." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 35, no. 5 (June 14, 2019): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122519852584.
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Background: Despite widely available nonseasonal immunization services in community pharmacies, actual pharmacist-administered vaccines are not yet optimal. A flexible choice multicomponent intervention, the “We Immunize” program, was implemented in Alabama and California community pharmacies, with the goal to enhance pneumococcal and zoster immunization delivery. Limited research has been done to qualitatively understand factors influencing immunization service expansion. Objective: Explore pharmacist perceptions of the We Immunize program in terms of its acceptability, impact, and real-world feasibility, and pharmacist-perceived facilitators and barriers influencing success in immunization delivery enhancement. Methods: This practice-focused qualitative research used semistructured telephone interviews with 14 pharmacists at the completion of the 6-month intervention. Results: Major program implementation facilitators were technician inclusion, workflow changes, training and feedback, goal setting, and enhanced personal selling and marketing activities. Multiple pharmacies increased the number of delivered pneumococcal and zoster immunizations, and increased revenue. Many pharmacists felt professional image, knowledge, skills, roles, and personal satisfaction were enhanced, as were technician knowledge, skills, and roles. Program flexibility, along with multiple perceived benefits, increases the potential for success. Conclusions: The We Immunize program appears to have been viewed positively by participating pharmacists and was seen as having a beneficial impact on immunization delivery in the community pharmacies in which it was implemented.
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Bak, Joanna. "Property Insurance and Liability Insurance of Pharmacists and Pharmacies in the Olsztyn Market." Olsztyn Economic Journal 8, no. 3 (December 9, 2013): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3237.
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This article brings up a very important and current issue concerning the insurance of pharmacists and pharmacies. The aim of the research undertaken was to present the range and factors determining the choice of insurance products for pharmacies and pharmacists operating in Olsztyn. The study is focused on products ensuring protection for the properties owned and used in pharmacies, as well as third-person liability insurance related to the business activity and to the professional practice of a pharmacist. It identifies the most popular insurances in the examined population and specifies the factors determining their choice.
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Karia, Ajay, Richard Norman, Suzanne Robinson, Elin Lehnbom, Tracey-Lea Laba, Iva Durakovic, Christine Balane, Rohina Joshi, and Ruth Webster. "Pharmacist’s time spent: Space for Pharmacy-based Interventions and Consultation TimE (SPICE)—an observational time and motion study." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e055597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055597.
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ObjectiveTo describe the pharmacists’ workflow, including tasks and time spent, to better understand their work capacity.DesignCross-sectional, observational, time and motion study.SettingCommunity pharmacies in Western Australia and New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsCurrently registered and practising pharmacists were approached using snowball sampling and selected using purposive techniques to obtain balance representation of metropolitan and rural pharmacies, as well as high and low script volumes where possible.ResultsTwenty-four pharmacists across 15 pharmacies participated during the 135 sessions totalling over 274 hours of observation. Dispensing (30%), indirect patient services (17%), counselling (15%) and professional management activities (15%) were the top four duties pharmacists performed, while only 2% of time was spent on professional services such as pain clinics and influenza vaccinations. Tasks were frequently interrupted and often performed simultaneously. Breaks and consumer-contact times were limited. More time was spent on professional service activities in non-metropolitan pharmacies, in pharmacies with greater daily prescription volumes and those with one or more support pharmacists.ConclusionsThis is the first study to quantify the pharmacists’ tasks in Australian community pharmacies. Much time is being spent on dispensing, supply and management activities with little time for providing additional professional services. An extra supporting pharmacist is likely necessary to increase professional services. These findings could support future research around barriers and enablers of conducive workflows and of extended professional services.
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Olden, F., and K. Dalton. "Determining the cause and frequency of prescription reworks in community pharmacies." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_1 (April 1, 2022): i8—i9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac021.012.
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Abstract Introduction When prescriptions are being processed in pharmacies and an activity occurs that requires the return to a previous procedural step to correct the process, this is known as ‘rework’ (1). This may include labelling errors or the incorrect dispensing of medications, and ultimately adds to pharmacists’ workload. Given that increasing community pharmacists’ workload negatively affects their job satisfaction, well-being, and patient care, it is vital that rework is minimised in everyday practice. To date, little is known regarding the prevalence of this rework phenomenon in community pharmacies or how this might be prevented. Aim To evaluate the cause and frequency of prescription rework in community pharmacies. Methods A data collection form was created for community pharmacists to self-record the instances and causes of prescription rework occurring in their workplace across a two-week period. After piloting the form with two pharmacists in different pharmacies, community pharmacists in Ireland were invited to participate in the study using convenience sampling and snowballing. Only participating pharmacists were aware of when data collection was occurring in their pharmacy to minimise the Hawthorne effect with other staff (2). Descriptive statistics were used to describe rework frequency according to the different causes, as well as the pharmacist and pharmacy characteristics. Results Eight participating pharmacists were recruited (four male and four female; median 4 years’ post-qualification experience) from five independent pharmacies and three chain pharmacies. In total, 325 reworks were recorded across 65 days between June 2021 and August 2021. Rework was recorded on 92.9% of the study days, with an average of 5 reworks/day – whereby the average per pharmacist ranged from 1.82 to 15 reworks/day. The data collection form’s pre-specified rework categories captured 91.7% of reworks, with the remainder assigned as ‘other’. The three most frequent rework categories were those due to labelling errors (22.8%), prepared prescriptions which required opening and repackaging (15.1%), and medication owed to patients (13.9%). The people involved in reworks included: pharmacists alone (33.5%), technicians alone (20.3%), pharmacists and technicians (14.8%), pharmacists and patients (10.2%), and pharmacists and prescribers (4%). Conclusion This study shows that rework happens regularly in community pharmacies and has provided an insight into the causes of rework in this setting. While individual pharmacist and pharmacy characteristics may have influenced rework frequency, it was not possible to conclusively establish these associations with the small sample size, due to the difficulty of recruiting pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings are valuable as they highlight areas where pharmacy staff can reduce rework and will help inform strategies to minimise this in future – thus reducing workload and facilitating more time for staff to focus on providing care to patients in community pharmacies. References (1) Nickman NA, Drews FA, Tyler LS, Kelly MP, Ragsdale RJ, Rim M. Use of multiple methods to measure impact of a centralized call center on academic health system community pharmacies. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2019 Feb 21;76(6):353–9. (2) Sedgwick P, Greenwood N. Understanding the Hawthorne effect. BMJ. 2015 Sep 4;351:h4672.
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Ifezouane, Jihane, Soufiane El Marrakchi, Fadoua Berdi, and Mohamed Adnane El Wartiti. "Merchandising in Moroccan pharmacies." Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 8, no. 1 (June 4, 2021): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmsoa.2021.8108.
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Objectifs. Le but de cette enquête était d’évaluer le degré d’implémentation des principes et approches de merchandising au niveau des pharmacies d’officine au Maroc, et d’en déduire l’intérêt d’une étude à large échelle qui pourrait aboutir à l’élaboration d’un modèle conceptuel efficace et adapté aux spécificités du contexte Marocain. Matériels et Méthode. Nous avons établi un questionnaire anonyme s’adressant aux titulaires d’officines. Ce questionnaire semi directif renfermant 14 questions, repartis en 6 principales parties : La 1ère renseigne sur le profil de l’officine en question, La 2ème et la 3ème partie évalue le degré de connaissance et d’utilisation des techniques de marchandising par les pharmaciens d’officine. La 4ème et la 5ème partie portent sur la gestion du merchandising au sein de la pharmacie et l’utilité commerciale de cette technique. Enfin, la dernière partie porte sur la formation en merchandising. Résultats et discussion. 62 pharmaciens d’officine ont répondu au questionnaire. La majorité des pharmaciens titulaires ont déclaré l’utilisation des techniques du merchandising pour les raisons suivantes : Augmenter les ventes, et clarifier l’offre. 59,6 % des pharmaciens pensent que le merchandising a une place importante surtout pour les produits parapharmaceutiques. Le merchandising à l’officine a un impact positif sur la pharmacie. Ainsi 79,2% des pharmaciens affirment que l’amélioration du merchandising dans leur espace de vente leur a permis d’apprécier une augmentation de la rentabilité de l’officine (vente, fidélisation, panier d’achat). Cette étude auprès des pharmaciens titulaires a permis de montrer l’intérêt que les pharmaciens commencent à donner au Merchandising et à ses techniques. La grande majorité des interrogés ont affirmé que le merchandising est devenu une méthode indispensable dans la stratégie de différenciation et un outil incontestable de développement de la pharmacie. Mots clés : Techniques Merchandising, Pharmacie d’officine, ventes.
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Merks, Piotr, Urszula Religioni, Krzysztof Bilmin, Jedrzej Lewicki, Marta Jakubowska, Anna Waksmundzka-Walczuk, Aleksandra Czerw, et al. "Readiness and Willingness to Provide Immunization Services after Pilot Vaccination Training: A Survey among Community Pharmacists Trained and Not Trained in Immunization during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020599.
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Background: Immunization rates among the adult population in Poland are below desired targets, urging the need to expand this service in the community. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the ultimate goals for limiting the spread of the infection are vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Pharmaceutical companies are in a race for the fastest possible way to deliver vaccines. Community pharmacists in Poland are recognised as an accessible yet underutilised group of medical professionals. Therefore, involving pharmacists in vaccinations may have beneficial results for the healthcare system. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the readiness and willingness of community pharmacists following the Pharmacist Without Borders project who had either been trained or not in providing immunization services, and to identify the factors that may support the implementation of such services in Poland. Methods: This study was conducted among pharmacists between February and August 2020 in Poland. A survey was developed to determine their readiness to provide vaccination services in their pharmacies, to recognise any barriers to vaccinations, as well as the factors necessary to implement vaccination services in Polish pharmacies. Results: A total of 1777 pharmacists participated in the study, comprising 127 (7.1%) pharmacists trained in vaccinations during the Pharmacists Without Borders project and 1650 (92.9%) pharmacists not participating in the workshops. Pharmacists participating in the workshops more often indicated that providing vaccinations in community pharmacies would improve the overall vaccination rate (p = 0.0001), and that pharmacists could play an important role in advertising and promoting vaccinations (p = 0.0001). For the pharmacists not participating in the workshops, they indicated to a much greater extent possible barriers affecting the readiness to provide vaccinations in pharmacies. They most often pointed out that vaccination services would result in a significant workload increase (p = 0.0001), that pharmacies were not adapted to immunization, and that there were not enough training courses for pharmacists (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The pharmacists working in community pharmacies indicated many advantages of vaccinations in pharmacies. This study identified barriers to the introduction of vaccinations and factors necessary to implement these services in pharmacies. The pharmacists trained during the immunization programme of the Pharmacists Without Borders project showed a greater readiness to provide immunization services.
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Zarichna, T. P., T. S. Brytanova, T. S. Raikova, and T. A. Chornii. "Research of ethics and deontological aspects in pharmacies." Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2021.2.232969.
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The aim of the study was to study the ethical and deontological aspects related to the professional activities of pharmacists. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal of the study, an analysis of scientific sources on ethical and deontological issues related to the professional activities of pharmacists (pharmacists) was carried. During the research, the methods of information search, systematization, comparison, and generalization, as well as sociological research methods were used. The object of the study was the results of questionnaires and interviews of visitors and employees of pharmacy chains of KP “Prymula”; pharmacy chains that are part of the company “Apteka-Mahnoliia”: Pharmacy ANC, Kopiika and pharmacies of the social project “Blahodiia”; pharmacy chains that are part of the company Med-service. Descriptive statistics methods were used to present the obtained data. To determine the significance of individual factors (Wij), obtained because of the questionnaire are listed to the corresponding specific weight of the component. Results. The systematization of the following factors: which determine the quality of service; related to the purchase of drugs (medicines); which determine the priority of qualities of pharmacies; determining the relationship between a pharmacist and a doctor. It was found that the most negative impact on pharmacy visitors, from the point of view of consumers, was the inattention of the pharmacist, his mistakes, irritability, rudeness, incompetence, as well as the high price of drugs, queues, and slow service. From the point of view of pharmacists, pharmacy visitors were most negatively affected by rudeness, incompetence of pharmacy employees, irritability, the price of drugs, the range of drugs, the presence of queues, and slow service. The results of the assessment of the parameters that determine the relationship between the pharmacist and the doctor showed that, in general, pharmacists maintain the authority of the doctor in the eyes of visitors and, along with the latter, carry out educational work among the population. However, a fifth of respondents assume the functions of a doctor, which is completely unacceptable. Using the technology of sociological survey, the analysis was carried out and, based on ranking, the leading rational and emotional factors that form loyalty for certain segments of the professional activity of pharmacies using ethical and deontological principles were identified. Conclusions. The systematization of the following factors: which determine the quality of service; related to the purchase of drugs that cause dissatisfaction; which determine the dissatisfaction of visitors to pharmacies; which determine the priority of qualities of pharmacies; determining the relationship between pharmacist and doctor. Using the technology of sociological survey, the analysis was carried out and, based on ranking, the leading rational and emotional factors that form loyalty for certain segments of the professional activity of pharmacies using ethical and deontological principles were identified. It is established that the views on consumer dissatisfaction with visiting pharmacies differ insignificantly from the views of pharmacists. Pharmacist visitors are most negatively affected by the inattention and rudeness of the pharmacist, the high price of drugs, the presence of queues and slow service. It is established that, in general, pharmacists maintain the authority of the doctor in the eyes of visitors and, along with the latter, conduct educational work among the population.
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Raisch, Dennis W. "Patient Counseling in Community Pharmacy and its Relationship with Prescription Payment Methods and Practice Settings." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 27, no. 10 (October 1993): 1173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809302701002.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether patient counseling activities in community pharmacies are related to payment method and practice setting. DESIGN: Randomly selected pharmacists voluntarily performed self-data collection (39 percent participation rate) of counseling activities for 40 hours. Observational data were also collected by trained observers. SETTING: Community pharmacies. RESULTS: Forty-seven pharmacists in national chain pharmacies and 26 in independent pharmacies collected data on 3766 counseling events. Patient counseling rates, defined as percentage of patients counseled per prescription per pharmacist, were significantly higher (p<0.05) for self-pay (median 12.9 percent) and Medicaid (median 13.0 percent) than for capitation patients (median 7.9 percent). Rates were somewhat higher (p=0.06) for chain (median 17.7 percent) than for independent pharmacists (10.7 percent). Although there was no difference in terms of pharmacist-initiated counseling, chain pharmacists had higher rates of patient-initiated counseling per prescription (median 4.3 percent) than independent pharmacists (median 2.7 percent) (p<0.01). Counseling information was related to payment method and practice setting. A significantly higher percentage (p<0.01) of counseling events for capitation patients pertained to chronic therapies (33.6 percent) compared with counseling events involving patients using other payment methods (21.8–24.8 percent). A strong correlation between observational data and self-reported data was found (Pearson r=0.696, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The finding that pharmacists counsel capitation patients less frequently may be attributable to financial incentives or to pharmacists' perception that these patients do not need to be counseled. Independent pharmacists' higher number of capitation patients and increased workloads may have affected their counseling activities. These findings have implications for pharmacy service reimbursement programs, practice conditions, and continuing education programs.
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Schommer, Jon C., Anthony W. Olson, SuHak Lee, Caroline A. Gaither, and Stephen W. Schondelmeyer. "A 15-Year Ecological Comparison for the Hiring Dynamics of Minnesota Pharmacies between 2006 and 2020." Pharmacy 9, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9020100.
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Labor market forces in pharmacy are affected by frictional unemployment (job turnover), structural employment forces that require new skill sets for employees, and hiring practices that integrate technology or less costly labor such as pharmacy technicians. The objectives of this study were to describe hiring trends for both the pharmacist and technician workforces in licensed pharmacies on a biennial basis from 2006 through 2020 using data collected in Minnesota. Ecological comparisons were made between the survey years using descriptive statistics. For open-ended questions added to the 2020 survey, content analysis was applied. Demand for technicians increased which might be due to the expansion of their roles into activities that had been reserved for the pharmacist. Pharmacies reportedly would like to hire pharmacists to meet the demand for new services that pharmacists can provide. However, respondents articulated that this is not feasible under current economic pressures. This represents a lost opportunity for transformation in pharmacy that would establish pharmacists’ roles in the rapidly transforming health care value chain. We conclude that hiring dynamics in pharmacies are being driven more by economic and organizational shifts than meeting the demand for services that pharmacists can provide.
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Mondal, Shadhan Kumar, Sabiha Chowdhury, Amlan Ganguly, and ABM Faroque. "Evaluation of Current Status of Newly Established Model Pharmacies in Bangladesh." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 1 (June 20, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v19i2.50852.
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Pharmaceutical sector of Bangladesh has developed profoundly after promulgation of the Drugs (Control) Ordinance, 1982. However, the health sector has not been equally developed because of lack of wellequipped drug management system and much needed patient counseling. The presence of adulterated, counterfeit and substandard drugs and the sale of drugs at high prices than the maximum retail price have also been the major problems here. The recent introduction of model pharmacies is supposed to be a hope for the people to get safe medicines at a reasonable cost. The aim of the present study was to find out the current scenario of model pharmacies in Bangladesh and to propose modern and alternative systems that could be applied in model pharmacies for better healthcare management and patient compliance. Thus, the current status of model pharmacies of Bangladesh has been evaluated using a survey-based analysis which utilized a pre-set questionnaire. The survey was conducted on 90 model pharmacies in seven districts of Bangladesh (Level 1 categorized by the Directorate General of Drug Administration, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh). The results revealed that the infrastructure of the model pharmacies should be improved further. Only 33% of the model pharmacies have sitting facilities and 51% of them have washroom facilities for the waiting patients. It was found that despite all the model pharmacies (100%) should have at least 1 A-grade pharmacist in each of them, i.e. a pharmacy graduate registered with the Pharmacy Council of Bangladesh under the Pharmacy Ordinance 1976, but pharmacists were found to be present in only 26% of pharmacies during the visit. Amongst the pharmacists, 98% showed satisfaction with the decision of compulsory engagement of A-grade pharmacists in all the model pharmacies. Defying the obligatory provisions, only 38% model of pharmacies keep the required records of sold drugs. It was pleasing to observe that no physician’s sample of medicines was sold in any model pharmacies. The medicines storage facilities in controlled temperature was found in all the model pharmacies. But the A-grade pharmacists were not available in the pharmacies during holidays. It is opined that modern and ICT based techniques can be applied to modify the model pharmacies for better patient care and patient management.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 1-10, 2021 (June)
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Maduabuchi, Ihekoronye Romanus, Osemene Kanayo Patrick, and Erhun Oyekigho Wilson. "Relationship Marketing Practices in Community Pharmacies in Nigeria." Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 18, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjps2020.18.2.3.
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The study identified the types of relationship marketing (RM) practices, determined the components of RM that fostered customer loyalty (CL) and evaluated the influence of the RM components on CL in community pharmacies. It was a cross-sectional survey of community pharmacies, pharmacists, non-pharmacist staff and customers. Random sampling was employed to select 40 community pharmacies, while purposive sampling was used to select four staff from each of the community pharmacies (160). Accidental sampling was used to select 510 customers of the pharmacies. Data were obtained with the questionnaire and analysed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. Social RM practices yielded optimal results. The RM components that were determined were trust (TR), commitment (CMT), competence (CP), communication (CM), conflict handling (CH) and accessibility, which accounted for 55.4% of the total variance that occurred in CL. All the components of RM had positive but significant influence on CL with varying magnitudes. The study revealed that the types of RM practices in community pharmacies were the giving of loyalty gifts to customers, personalised telephone CMs, calling customers by name and special greeting codes. Also, special discounts and credits were offered to certain customers in order to build relationships. All the RM components positively influenced CL. Easy A to the pharmacies and pharmacists proved to be most influential in building loyalty followed by CM. The study concluded that RM practices in community pharmacies hold a lot of promise for community pharmacies to sustain their existing customers.
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Lee, Yuman, and Nicole Bradley. "Antimicrobial Stewardship Practices in a Subset of Community Pharmacies across the United States." Pharmacy 11, no. 1 (February 2, 2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy11010026.
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Background: Antimicrobial stewardship in the community is essential as most antibiotic prescribing occurs in the outpatient setting. Pharmacists are recognized as co-leaders for implementing efforts to improve antimicrobial use. Objectives: the purpose of this study is to evaluate current antimicrobial stewardship practices in community pharmacies across the United States and identify perceptions and challenges faced by community pharmacists. Methods: a survey based on the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Core Elements of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship was created and distributed. Results: Sixty-one community pharmacists participated in the survey. The majority of pharmacists practiced in chain pharmacies. Based on the responses, a minority of pharmacies met the requirements of the CDC core elements: commitment (27.9%), action (24.6%), tracking and reporting (14.8%), and education and expertise (23% for providing pharmacist resources and 9.8% for providing patient resources). Regarding perception, 67.9% felt antimicrobial stewardship is important in the community and would participate in antimicrobial stewardship activities if the opportunity was provided (88.5%). Challenges faced by community pharmacists include the lack of time, staff, training, and technology support; pushback from prescribers and patients; and the lack of leadership, financial incentives, funding, and legal requirements. Conclusions: many challenges exist in community pharmacies inhibiting the full potential of pharmacists in implementing antimicrobial stewardship.
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Gusminarti, Gusminarti, Khairani Khairani, and Fajri Kurniawan. "Pemenuhan Kewajiban Perpajakan Apoteker Pemilik Usaha Apotik Pasca Diundangkanya UU Cipta Kerja." Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik 4, no. 3 (April 24, 2024): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v4i3.1964.
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In 2021 the government issued Minister of Health Regulation Number 14 of 2021 concerning Standards for Business Activities and Products in the Implementation of Risk-Based Business Licensing in the Health Sector (hereinafter abbreviated as Minister of Health Regulation No. 14 of 2021). In this regulation there are several changes, one of which is that the pharmacy must be owned by a pharmacist. If the pharmacy is not owned by a pharmacist, the capital owner may collaborate with the pharmacist by agreement before a notary. With this provision, there have been several changes for a pharmacist, one of which is regarding the fulfillment of tax obligations. Tax obligations for pharmacists who work only as pharmaceutical technical personnel, their tax obligations that must be fulfilled are only based on the KUP Law and Article 21 of the Income Tax Law Number 36 in 2008, which was most recently refined by Law Number 7 of 2021 concerning Harmonization of Tax Regulations. namely tax deductions by third parties, in this case by pharmacies. Meanwhile, with the Pharmacist's status as a Pharmacy owner, the fulfillment of his tax obligations will increase in accordance with Tax regulations, namely Business Entities. The problem is what if, during the course of the pharmacy business, the pharmacist who owns the pharmacy which was established based on the agreement resigns, what happens to fulfilling his tax obligations. In this regard, there are three problems that the researcher raises, first, what is the description of pharmacy ownership by pharmacists in West Sumatra, second, how to fulfill tax obligations for pharmacists as pharmaceutical workers and pharmacy owners in West Sumatra. third, problems encountered in fulfilling tax obligations by pharmacists who own pharmacies. In West Sumatra, the research uses research methods with an empirical juridical approach, descriptive research type, the data required is primary and secondary data as well as data collection techniques, interviews and document studies, data processing is carried out using qualitative analysis methods. The results of research on pharmacy ownership in West Sumatra are currently in various forms of business, namely Limited Liability Companies and Individual Businesses such as CVs and Firms so that ownership of Pharmacies is still owned by investors and currently there are 5 Pharmacies which are processing the extension of their Pharmacy Business Licenses and some have transferred their ownership to Children of financiers because they have completed their pharmacy studies, and there are also those who are currently processing business permits in the form of individual PT. Meanwhile, the tax obligations carried out by pharmacists as pharmacy business owners have not yet been implemented because currently pharmacies that use pharmacists as pharmacy owners with non-legal entity business forms are still in the process of processing their permits and legal entities. Problems encountered in fulfilling the tax obligations of pharmacists as business owners Pharmacies are still not visible, because the current status of Pharmacists still has the status of a Pharmaceutical Personnel, so their tax obligations are only limited to Income Tax Article 21.
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Dwi Monika Ningrum. "Dwi Monika Ningrum THE ROLE OF A PHARMACIST IN APPLYING THE STANDARD OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE IN PHARMACY AT WEST LOMBOK." Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmiah Kesehatan Politeknik Medica Farma Husada Mataram 7, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33651/jpkik.v7i1.220.
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Pharmaceutical care is a direct and responsible service to patients related to pharmaceutical preparations with the aim of achieving definite results to improve the quality of life. The standards of Pharmaceutical care in pharmacies are designed to serve as guidelines for pharmacist practice in carrying out the profession, to protect the public from unprofessional services and to protect the profession in carrying out pharmaceutical practices. This study aims to describe the implementation of pharmaceutical service standards in pharmacies in West Lombok Regency. This research is a non-experimental qualitative descriptive research with cross sectional data collection with a total of 40 pharmacies in Lombok Barat. The collection data was carried out using questionnaire sheets to respondents who were willing. The results obtained in this study include the management standards of pharmaceutical supplies by pharmacists together with pharmacist assistant with a percentage of 35.4%, clinical pharmacy service standards carried out by pharmacists with a percentage of 38%, and quality evaluation implementation. service in the pharmacy is carried out by pharmacists by 80%. The conclusion obtained in this study is that the role of pharmacists is very influential on the success of services, especially in clinical pharmacy services, namely in drug information services, monitoring drug therapy, and monitoring drug side effects which really require the role of a pharmacist.
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Wojewoda, Eva, and Katherine J. Chou. "Factors Associated With Dispensing Dosage Delivery Devices." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 22, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-22.4.251.
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OBJECTIVES A potential cause of medication errors in children is imprecise measurements, particularly using household spoons. There are no regulations requiring dispensing dose delivery devices (DDDs) with liquid prescription medications. Local, regional, and national pharmacy practice patterns are largely unknown. This study sought to determine how frequently devices are provided with prescription pediatric liquid medications with instructions for their use at pharmacies in Bronx, New York, and to examine which pharmacy and pharmacist characteristics are associated with reported practices. METHODS All pharmacies in Bronx, New York, were identified using an online telephone directory. A telephone survey was administered to the senior-level pharmacist that elicited availability of DDDs, whether pharmacy policy regarding dispensing devices existed, the pharmacist's personal practice of dispensing devices, and years in practice. RESULTS In total, 268 pharmacies were contacted; 214 had free DDDs (79.9%) most of the time, 97.8% had them available to buy, and 160 (59.7%) had no policy regarding dispensing devices. Overall, 199 pharmacists (74.3%) routinely dispensed devices, and 195 (73.3%) demonstrated the use of devices. However, 94 pharmacists (35.3%) recommended using a household spoon to measure correct doses at least some of the time. Pharmacists were less likely to give devices as their years in practice increased. CONCLUSIONS In our study, many Bronx pharmacies had no policy regarding dispensing DDDs for prescription liquid medications, and dispensing practices varied among pharmacists based on years in practice. If similar trends are found in other areas, standardizing pharmacy policy and pharmacists' practices may decrease morbidity in children due to medication measurement errors.
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Hadning, Ingenida, Bangunawati Rahajeng, Pinasti Utami, Siti Martini Khairiati, Noviya Wardhani, Nuariska Laila Ramadhani, and Nanang Munif Yasin. "Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Peraturan Penetapan Standar Jasa Profesi Apoteker di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta." JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.61125.
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The small salary received by pharmacists is one of the reasons for the low attendance of pharmacists in pharmacies. The regional management of the Yogyakarta Special Region of Indonesian Pharmacist Association (PD IAI DIY) has issued a Decree (SK) on Professional Service Standards for Pharmacists in DIY in 2017 so that it can be used as a reference for pharmacists in Yogyakarta who practice in pharmacies. This study aims to determine the implementation of the decree on pharmacists in DIY. Research variables are basic services, additional income and other facilities. The research instrument is a questionnaire. The sampling method used is accidental sampling. To calculate the number of samples used the Slovin formula. With a confidence level of 90%, the minimum sample size is 222 respondents. However, in this study, 268 pharmacists who practice in pharmacies finally obtained respondents. Respondents came from five districts/cities in DIY. Data were collected from August 2019 to February 2020. The research instrument used an e-questionnaire on a google form which was distributed through social media for members of IAI DIY and also distributed directly to several pharmacies in DIY. The data obtained were analyzed through descriptive statistical tests. The results showed that only 11 respondents met all the criteria in the SK. In the category of pharmacists who hold SIA, only seven respondents met all the criteria in the SK, namely three respondents from Sleman, two respondents from Yogyakarta City, and two respondents from Bantul. In the non-SIA pharmacist category, only four respondents met all the criteria in the SK, namely one respondent from Sleman, two respondents from Yogyakarta City, and one respondent from Gunung Kidul. It can be concluded that the SK PD IAI DIY regarding professional service standards has not been fully implemented by DIY pharmacists.
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Zaliska, O. M., O. M. Semenov, N. M. Maksymovych, M. V. Slabyy, B. M. Zalisky, and I. H. Mudrak. "Study of the pharmacist role in ensuring of quarantine measures during the COVID-19 pandemic." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 6 (December 9, 2020): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.6.20.02.
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The pharmacist as a member of the medical team is responsible for the life and health of the population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in accordance with the recommendations of WHO and FIP, 2020. According to the WHO, 82% of patients with COVID-19 are treated by a family doctors and receive pharmaceutical care at the nearest pharmacies, but this can lead to unwanted contact between infected and healthy people, as well as contact with a pharmacist when dispensing drugs, which can lead to COVID-19 infection. Compliance with quarantine measures in accordance with the Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers and Orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine in pharmacies is an important component of overall safety during a pandemic, and the role of pharmacists in preventing the COVID-19 pandemic is important.
The aim of this study was to conduct an expert evaluation of the effectiveness of quarantine measures due to the orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine in pharmacies. The sample of 586 experts included pharmacists, heads of pharmacies in 6 regions of Ukraine: Lviv, Vinnytsia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Zakarpattia, Khmelnytsky, Chernivtsi. According to a specially developed questionnaire «Assessment of the effectiveness of quarantine measures in the pharmacy at COVID-19» pharmacists were interviewed during March-October 2020. Methods of face-to-face questionnaires, interviews with the help of information and communication technologies, methods of generalization and systematization are used.
According to the results of the analysis of 586 questionnaires, the respondents were ranked according to the parameters: specialty, work experience, qualification category. It was found that in 97.5% of pharmacies quarantine measures were implemented in March, in 2.5% pharmacies were in April 2020. The results of the pharmacists' survey show that the most effective quarantine measures are: wearing a protective mask (99.0%), washing hands and using disinfectants (97.0%), maintaining a social distance between visitors and pharmacy staff, as well as visitors to each other 1.5 m (94.5%), washingof pharmacy surfaces and floors with disinfectant solutions (91.0%), ventilation of pharmacy rooms (89.5%).
Systematization of these questionnaires showed that 100% of pharmacists consider it necessary and prospective the approval by Ministry of Health of Ukraine a separate «Protocol of the pharmacist for the release of medicines and medical devices for the treatment of uncomplicated forms of coronavirus infection COVID-19» to optimize pharmaceutical care. Pharmacist as member of the medical team during the COVID-19 pandemic should conduct educational work among the population to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Lewis, Ibrahim, Tasneem Y. Tahat, Sara Ajlouny, Tareq L. Mukattash, Yara Al Tall, Anan S. Jarab, and Ibrahim Alabbadi. "Community Pharmacists’ Perspectives on Offering Discounted Prices for Prescription Drugs in Jordan." Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 17, no. 2 (June 25, 2024): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v17i2.1819.
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Background: In Jordan, medicines are priced by the Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA), which mandates pharmacists to sell pharmaceutical products without any discounts or rebates. However, discounting drug prices in community pharmacies is commonplace. The present study aims to understand the motives and perceptions of pharmacists regarding drug price discounts in community pharmacies in Jordan. Methods: Qualitative interview sessions were conducted with a convenient sample of 20 community pharmacists. A total of 25 participants were interviewed, anonymized, and audio recorded. To ensure maximum comfort, respondents were given the option to choose the interview location or participate through audio-visual communication tools. The sessions followed a pre-designed interview guide focusing on discounts offered on prescription drugs in community pharmacies, pharmacists' experiences, and their attitudes toward these practices. Interview recordings were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results: Three main themes emerged: patient-related factors, pharmacist-related factors, and rules and regulations-related factors, each with several subthemes. This study identified several barriers that hinder pharmacists’ adherence to medicine pricing policies in community pharmacies in Jordan, including psychosocial and economic factors, customer attraction and profit increase strategies, sales tactics, market share expansion, avoidance of medicine accumulation and expiration, and issues related to regulations and law enforcement. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that adherence to medicine pricing policies in community pharmacies in Jordan varies depending on different factors. Pharmacists may exhibit weak adherence under specific circumstances while demonstrating stronger adherence under others. This study provides insights that could inform the revision of regulations and laws governing pharmacy practices and adherence to pricing policies.
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Prokic, Andjelka, Mirjana Davidovic, and Nenad Gunjic. "Assessment of Service Quality at Community Pharmacies in the City of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia / Procena Kvaliteta Usluge U Apotekama U Gradu Beogradu, Republika Srbija." Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjecr-2014-0027.
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ABSTRACT One of the principles of rational drug use is informing patients about their prescribed drug and its effects. A pharmacist has to contribute to safe and appropriate drug use and give patients adequate drug information. Service quality in pharmacies is examined by measuring drug use indicators provided by the World Health Organisation. Indicators relevant for pharmacies include patient care indicators and health facility indicators. The goal of this paper is to measure indicators of drug use in both private and state-owned pharmacies. Drug use indicators were measured prospectively in private and state-owned-owned pharmacies in Belgrade, Serbia. The study is designed as a cross-sectional study. The research was conducted withon 100 patients at each of 14 pharmacies, 7 of which were state-owned and 7 of which were private. Pharmacies were selected randomly. Drug use indicators were not significantly different between private and state-owned pharmacies, except for their essential drugs lists. To improve pharmaceutical health care and achieve rational pharmacotherapy, all pharmacists should dedicate more time to patients.
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Singh, Gurkamal, Rachel Nesaraj, Nicolas Bchara, Benjamin Kop, Alan Leeb, Lisa Nissen, Ian Peters, Danae Perry, Sandra Salter, and Kenneth Lee. "Immunisation provider experiences with an automated short message service-based active surveillance system for monitoring adverse events following immunisation: A qualitative descriptive study." DIGITAL HEALTH 7 (January 2021): 205520762110381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076211038165.
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Objective Currently, active surveillance systems to monitor adverse events following immunisation are limited to hospitals, and medical and immunisation clinics. Globally, community pharmacies represent a significant destination for immunisation services. However, until recently, pharmacies lacked active surveillance systems. We therefore wished to explore pharmacists’ experiences with SmartVax: an active surveillance system that has recently been integrated for use in Australian community pharmacies. Specifically, we wished to explore pharmacists’ perceived (1) benefits of using SmartVax, (2) areas for improvement in the system, and (3) issues with future/ongoing access to the system. Methods The present study forms the qualitative arm of a convergent mixed-methods pilot study. In the present study, we performed semi-structured interviews with pharmacist immunisers after a 21- to 22-week trial period with SmartVax. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts was performed independently by two researchers in QSR NVivo 12, using the framework method. Results Fifteen participants completed the semi-structured interviews. A broad range of perceived benefits were cited by participants, including the usability of SmartVax, the ease of patient follow-up facilitated by the system, and enhancement to the patient–pharmacist relationship. Participants voiced a desire for the system to have more granularity and a faster response time in the report generated for pharmacies. When asked about issues with future/ongoing access to SmartVax, cost concerns of the system were the prevailing theme. Conclusions The present study suggests that, among pharmacist immuniser end-users of SmartVax, the system is perceived to be easy-to-use, facilitates patient follow-up, and enhances the patient–pharmacist relationship.
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Guzev, K. S. "Real Work Conditions of Pharmaceutic Servantsat the Beginning of the XX Century (Review)." Drug development & registration 8, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2019-8-4-32-37.
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Introduction. At the beginning of the twentieth century in the pharmaceutical community of Russia there were many problems. On the pages of the special press, such problems as the organization of pharmacy institutions (pharmacies, warehouses, shops, manufactures), directions and prospects for the development of the domestic pharmaceutical industry, its information support, relations within the pharmaceutical community, and the history of the development of world and domestic pharmaceutical science were discussed. However, more and more the subject of discussion was issues related to the fact of the extremely difficult situation of pharmacists-employees.Text. The paper presents an analysis of the report of B. N. Saltykova «On the need to reduce working hours in pharmacies.» In it, the author presented a detailed and impartial analysis of the activities of pharmacies in the early twentieth century, summarized and formulated claims of pharmacists to government departments, pharmacy owners and the entire pharmaceutical community, substantiating, in particular, the need to reduce the working hours of pharmacy employees.Conclusion. A detailed study of the contents of the report B. N. Saltykova leads to a clear understanding of the acuteness of issues related to unsatisfactory working and living conditions of pharmacists serving in Russian pharmacies at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. To solve this problem and establish normal work and life for pharmacists, a systematic approach is needed, as they would say now. In addition to the 8-hour shift and standardization of duties, changes were required at all levels of pharmaceutical education, changes in the legislative sphere, the search for consensus between the pharmacists-owners and pharmacists-employees, the appropriate labor protection of the pharmacist and the improvement of their life, and, most importantly, changes in society’s attitude to the pharmacist, that is, raising the prestige of this profession.
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Gilmartin-Thomas, Julia F.-M., Mine Orlu, Dalal Alsaeed, and Ben Donovan. "Using public engagement and consultation to inform the development of ageing- and dementia-friendly pharmacies – Innovative practice." Dementia 19, no. 4 (August 30, 2017): 1237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301217725896.
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This study explored public perceptions about the importance of, and how to create, ageing- and dementia-friendly pharmacists and pharmacies. In September 2016, four focus groups (45 minutes each) were conducted with 16 participants who represented organisations, groups or forums working with and/or for older people and people with dementia in Greater London. Discussions were recorded via handwritten notes and thematically analysed. Participants confirmed the importance of pharmacists and pharmacies being ageing- and dementia-friendly and described variability in whether this is currently the case. Suggested strategies for improvement included targeting communication, pharmacist leadership and shop layout.
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Potaros, Tulaya, and Suwimon Yeephu. "Recognition of tramadol abuse, dispensing practices, and opinions about its control policy among community pharmacists in Bangkok, Thailand." Asian Biomedicine 12, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abm-2019-0006.
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AbstractBackgroundTramadol is classified as a pharmacist-only (restricted) medicine by the Food and Drug Administration of Thailand (Thai FDA). Because of concern about its abuse, in September 2013 the Thai FDA announced a policy to control the distribution of tramadol in community pharmacies.ObjectivesTo identify tramadol dispensing practices by community pharmacists in Bangkok, their recognition of tramadol abuse and the Thai FDA control policy announcement; and opinions about the tramadol control policy.MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in community pharmacies located in Bangkok. Pharmacists on duty were interviewed from September 2015 to April 2016.ResultsData from 305 pharmacists working in 305 pharmacies revealed that tramadol, both single (tramadol alone) and combination (tramadol plus acetaminophen) formulations, was available in 185 pharmacies (60.7%). Most pharmacists dispensed tramadol to supply regular medicine along with previous prescriptions (74%). Among 305 pharmacists, 304 (99.7%) recognized tramadol abuse in combination with cold–cough remedies and carbonated beverages can create euphoria. Most (97.7%) knew about the announcement of the tramadol control policy, and most (82.6%) thought that the policy was practical. Approximately 43% of pharmacists agreed that the policy was effective in reducing the tramadol abuse problem, whereas 36.7% disagreed. Moreover, 60.3% disagreed with rescheduling tramadol as a prescription-only medicine. In their opinion, tramadol should still be available in pharmacies, to be dispensed by community pharmacists to patients with medical necessity.ConclusionsFurther studies nationwide in Thailand are likely to be useful to represent and compare information in different parts of the country.
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Larasanty, Luh Putu Febryana, Kadek Nadia Marta Dewi, and Made Ary Sarasmita. "PHARMACIST PROFESSION STUDENT PERCEPTION ABOUT PHARMACIST ROLE IN PHARMACY, COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER AND HOSPITAL." Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Application 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jpsa.2020.v02.i02.p06.
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Background: Pharmacists play a role as a part of health services both at pharmacies, hospitals and community health centers. Pharmaceutical care was regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. In the internship, students of the Pharmacists program Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University can see clearly how the implementation of the role of Pharmacists in the Pharmacy, Hospital and Community Health Center. Objective: This study aims to assess the perceptions (responses) of Pharmacist students on the role of Pharmacists in various pharmacy services. Methods: This study used a one-group posttest only design methods. The population of the study used all of the Pharmacist students who were internship at the Pharmacy, Community Health Center and Hospital. The research instrument used a closed-ended questionnaire about the perceptions of Pharmacist students on the role of Pharmacists in internship locations. Results: The results showed that the role of pharmacists in pharmacies and community health centers was greater in the field of clinical pharmacy services. While in hospitals, pharmacists have a greater role in the field of drug management. Conclusion: Students have a positive perception of the role of pharmacists. There were no significant differences in perceptions of Pharmacist students on the role of Pharmacists in the field of drug management and clinical pharmacy services (p> 0.05).
Keywords: pharmacist, pharmaceutical care, perception, role, students
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Meliza, Meliza, May Rose Dela Cruz, Reni Soon, Carolyn Ma, and John J. Chen. "Understanding Factors Affecting Health Providers’ Perceptions of Pharmacist Roles in HPV Vaccine Administration." Hawai‘i Journal of Health & Social Welfare 83, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.62547/rdrv2180.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that sexually active females and males may be exposed to in their lifetime. The HPV vaccine is highly recommended especially among children to protect them before their anticipated exposure to HPV, however, vaccination uptake in Hawai‘i remains low. As of 2017, legislation allows pharmacists to vaccinate for adolescent vaccines with the potential to increase access and opportunities for patients to complete the HPV vaccine series. Physicians in Hawai‘i were surveyed to examine physicians’ awareness of this law, their perceptions of the role of pharmacists, and willingness to send adolescent patients to pharmacies; 137 responses were received and analyzed. Overall, 72% (n=99) of respondents were willing while 28% (n=38) were unwilling to send patients to pharmacies for vaccines. Physicians view pharmacists’ role as helpful but have concerns regarding correct administration and tracking doses given. Results show potential for more physician-pharmacist collaborations through further education and trainings for pharmacists and health providers to increase physician referrals for adolescent vaccine services in pharmacies.
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Yari, Cut Ervinar, Delina Delina Hasan, and Syarifah Miftahul El Jannah. "Analysis of Factors Influencing The Quality of Pharmaceutical Services At Pharmacy Outlets in Kotamadya Tangerang." SANITAS: Jurnal Teknologi dan Seni Kesehatan 14, no. 1 (July 28, 2023): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36525/https://doi.org/10.36525/sanitas.2022.6.
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Pharmaceutical services at pharmacies in several regions of Indonesia are still low, that is un-equal to the growth of the establishment in pharmacies which continues to increase. The four sub-sectors which coverage in pharmaceutical services include non-prescription drug service standards, KIE services, and prescription service and drug management standards in pharmacies. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Tangerang area to determine the factors that influence the quality of pharmaceutical services, with a total of 68 pharmacists serving in 68 pharmacies. The characteristics of pharmacists are conducting by using questionnaire and observation. The results obtained for APA characteristics were 72.1% with age 26-35 years, 80.9% female, 94.1% having undergraduate and professional degree, and 98.53% had worked as APA ≤ 10 years. The quality of pharmaceutical services is 48.5% in the good category and the pharmacist (APA) presence factor is the most dominant variable that influencing the quality of pharmaceutical services (OR-58.3 with p-value=0.002), while the ones which not affecting are APA motivation and pharmacy ownership status (p> 0.05).
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Yari, Cut Ervinar, Delina Delina Hasan, and Syarifah Miftahul El Jannah. "Analysis of Factors Influencing The Quality of Pharmaceutical Services At Pharmacy Outlets in Kotamadya Tangerang." SANITAS: Jurnal Teknologi dan Seni Kesehatan 14, no. 1 (July 28, 2023): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36525/sanitas.2023.6.
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Pharmaceutical services at pharmacies in several regions of Indonesia are still low, that is un-equal to the growth of the establishment in pharmacies which continues to increase. The four sub-sectors which coverage in pharmaceutical services include non-prescription drug service standards, KIE services, and prescription service and drug management standards in pharmacies. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Tangerang area to determine the factors that influence the quality of pharmaceutical services, with a total of 68 pharmacists serving in 68 pharmacies. The characteristics of pharmacists are conducting by using questionnaire and observation. The results obtained for APA characteristics were 72.1% with age 26-35 years, 80.9% female, 94.1% having undergraduate and professional degree, and 98.53% had worked as APA ≤ 10 years. The quality of pharmaceutical services is 48.5% in the good category and the pharmacist (APA) presence factor is the most dominant variable that influencing the quality of pharmaceutical services (OR-58.3 with p-value=0.002), while the ones which not affecting are APA motivation and pharmacy ownership status (p> 0.05).
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Mária, Péter H. "The effects of the Treaty of Trianon on the pharmaceutical network." Bulletin of Medical Sciences 93, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0004.
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Abstract The consequences of the border adjustments resulting from the Treaty of Trianon affected the entire Hungarian pharmaceutical network. Transylvania, Maramureș and East Banat became part of Romania and Hungary lost 102.813 km2 of its former territory. A Hungarian population of 1,662,000 (based on the 1910 census), 31.78% of the total population, came under Romanian rule. 477 Hungarian pharmacies were lost in 327 locations. Later, in the areas given to Romania, several pharmacies ceased to function due to the emigration of their owners and their staff. Romanian authorities issued 174 new pharmacy rights in the gained territories, bringing 65.5% of the pharmacies into Romanian hands. The Pocket Calendar of Pharmacists, published in Budapest in 1918 still lists the Transylvanian pharmacists, mentioning the name of their pharmacy and the place where they worked. Pharmacist almanacs (pocket calendars) published in later years no longer provided this information.
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Bisharat, Haneen, Bader Yousef Obeidat, Ala'aldin Alrowwad, Ali Tarhini, and Ibrahim Mukattash. "The Effect of Human Resource Management Practices on Organizational Commitment in Chain Pharmacies in Jordan." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n1p50.
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This study investigated the impact of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on organizational commitment among pharmacists working in chain pharmacies in Jordan. The study was conducted across pharmacists of different levels in two chain pharmacies in Jordan. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to pharmacist working in two chain pharmacies in Jordan. Results found that training and development and reward system were positively and significantly impacted affective commitment; as well as both recruitment and selection and reward system were positively and significantly affected continuance commitment. However, no significant impact found between normative commitment and any of the suggested human recourse management practices. The results showed that the majority of the variables confirmed previous studies and the remaining minority did not support these studies due to factors such as culture, values, and the nature of health care practice. The results have a great implication for the pharmacy business sector in Jordan.
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Kowalczuk, Anna, Alexandre Wong, Kevin Chung, Urszula Religioni, Dariusz Świetlik, Katarzyna Plagens-Rotman, Jameason D. Cameron, et al. "Patient Perceptions on Receiving Vaccination Services through Community Pharmacies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052538.
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(1) Introduction: Pharmacists are medical professionals who play an active role in the protection of public health. Since 2021, pharmacists with an appropriate certification have been authorised to administer vaccines against COVID-19. (2) Objective: The objective of this study was to ascertain the perceptions of patients about receiving vaccinations through community pharmacies. (3) Material and methods: This study was conducted in 2021. The research tool was an anonymous questionnaire published on the websites of patient organisations. Ultimately, 1062 patients participated in this study. (4) Results: This study shows that most of the respondents find community pharmacies more accessible than outpatient clinics (85.3%). Sixty-one percent of the respondents stated that getting vaccinated at pharmacies would be less time consuming than at outpatient clinics. Nearly every third respondent (29.5%) declared that they would get vaccinated if they received such a recommendation from a pharmacist. Fifty-six percent of the respondents were of the opinion that the administration of vaccines by pharmacists would relieve the burden on medical staff and the healthcare system. (5) Conclusions: Polish patients participating in the study have a positive attitude towards the implementation of vaccination services in community pharmacies as an effective way of combating infectious diseases.
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Febrinasari, Nisa, Abdur Rosyid, and Fadhila Huswatunnida. "Comparison of Patient's Satisfaction with Pharmaceutical Care Services in Ownership-Based Pharmacies in Semarang, Indonesia." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 5, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v5i3.2158.
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Implementation of pharmacists services provided in all pharmacies must meet the standard of pharmaceutical services guidelines, including the provision of drug information. The study aims to compare the patient's perception of drug counseling services by pharmacy staff based on the type of pharmacy ownership (franchise/non-franchise) in Semarang. This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were taken of 286 respondents with a quota sampling technique. Data were collected using an online google form questionnaire tested for validity and reliability. The statistical analysis results used the Mann-Whitney test with a p-value of <0.05. There is no significant difference between the patient's perception of the drug information counseling services by pharmacy staff at the franchise or non-franchise pharmacies in Semarang with a p-value of 0.264. This study also found that the standard information given by pharmacy staff is healthy eating and education about antibiotics used in the common cold. In addition, only 55% of respondents were sure that the pharmacy staff who gave them drug information in pharmacies was a pharmacist. Consequently, we humbly recommend that pharmacists consistently wear their pharmacist identification.
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Phueanpinit, Pacharaporn, Juraporn Pongwecharak, Janet Krska, and Narumol Jarernsiripornkul. "Evaluation of community pharmacists’ roles in screening and communication of risks about non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Thailand." Primary Health Care Research & Development 19, no. 6 (March 19, 2018): 598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463423618000142.
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AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore community pharmacists’ roles on screening for risk factors, providing safety information-related non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to patients.BackgroundNSAIDs are widely dispensed without a prescription from pharmacies in Thailand, while they are frequently reported as causing adverse events.MethodsSelf-administered questionnaires were distributed to all accredited pharmacies in Thailand, inviting the main pharmacist in each pharmacy to participate in this study.FindingsOut of 406 questionnaires distributed, 159 were returned (39.2%). Almost all pharmacists claimed to engage in NSAID dispensing practice, but not all of them provided relevant good practice, such as, screening for risk factors (56.3–95.5%), communication on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (36.9–63.2%) and ADR management (58.9–79.7%), history of gastrointestinal (GI) problems was frequently mentioned for screening, but many pharmacists did not screen for history of NSAID use (24.7–35.5%), older age (45.2–48.9%), concomitant drug (63.7%), and problems of cardiovascular (24.1%), renal (34.9–43.3%), and liver systems (60.3–61.0%). Male pharmacists were significantly less likely to inform users of non-selective NSAIDs about ADRs [odds ratio (OR) 0.44], while provision of information about selective NSAID ADRs was higher among pharmacy owners (OR 2.28), pharmacies with more pharmacists (OR 3.18), and lower in pharmacies with assistants (OR 0.41). Screening for risk factors, and risk communication about NSAIDs were not generally conducted in Thai accredited community pharmacists, nor were NSAID complications fully communicated. Promoting of community pharmacists’ roles in NSAID dispensing should give priority to improving, especially in high-risk patients for taking NSAIDs.
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Santolaya, M., M. Aldea, J. Grau, M. Estrada, M. Barau, A. Buron, M. Francesc, et al. "Evaluating the appropriateness of a community pharmacy model for a colorectal cancer screening program in Catalonia (Spain)." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 23, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155215616278.
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Background The traditional model of community pharmacy has changed, with patients, caregivers and consumers having access to many cognitive services other than the traditional dispensing and supply of medicines. In December 2009, a population-based colorectal cancer screening program started in Barcelona, introducing the community pharmacist and the professional expertise of the pharmacist into the organisational model. Aim To evaluate the program implementation process in the pharmacies, identify barriers and facilitators, and know the opinion of the professionals involved in the colorectal cancer screening program in Catalonia (Spain). Methods Cross-sectional study of the pharmacies that participated in the first round of the program during the first and second trimester of 2010 in Barcelona. A validated questionnaire was used to analyse several functional aspects in the implementation process. Qualitative aspects about the opinion of the pharmacist were studied. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed. Results All the pharmacies involved in the program (n = 74) participated in the study. The majority of the sample population was composed of women (70.3%), mean age 44.9 years, and most of them (74%) had attended a specific training session. Pharmacists considered their participation in the program to be an added value to their professional role and a way to increase consumer’s confidence on this kind of services. The average time to provide the service was estimated to be less than 10 minutes per consumer. Only three (4.1%) pharmacists considered that the program involved a lot of extra work in the daily activities of the pharmacy. The level of satisfaction of the pharmacists was very high. Conclusions Community pharmacies can be a successful alternative and great resource to implement a population cancer screening program. This functional model can improve the accessibility and participation rates on target population. The level of motivation of the community pharmacist, the specific training program and the perception to give a better care for their patients can be an enabler.
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Zimmermann, Agnieszka, Jakub Płaczek, Natalia Wrzosek, and Artur Owczarek. "Assessment of Pharmacists Prescribing Practices in Poland—A Descriptive Study." Healthcare 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111505.
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Pharmacists play a beneficial role in supplying medicines to patients. Pharmacist prescribing practices were introduced into law in Poland in 2002, permitting pharmacists to prescribe medications in emergency situations and in 2020 the new law allowed to prescribe in all situation where it is needed because of the health risks reasons. Our aim was to analyze pharmacist prescribing practices in Poland and confirm the useful of pharmacists’ activity in this area. Additionally, pharmacists were also authorized to issue reimbursed prescriptions for themselves or their family members. Since January 2020, only e-prescriptions are allowed in Poland. A retrospective analysis of the inspection written reports from 842 community pharmacies in the representative region of Poland with a population of two million, carried out in the time period from 2002 to 2016 was performed (2189 prescriptions) to assess the emergency pharmacist prescribing practices in Poland. The second part of the research was based on digital data on pharmacists prescriptions (18,529) provided by the e-Health Centre (a governmental organization under the Ministry of Health responsible for the development of health care information systems in Poland), enabling to conduct the analysis of pharmacist’s prescribing from 1 of April 2020 to 31 of October 2020. The analysis gave the insight of the evolution of the pharmacy prescribing patterns. In general, pharmaceutical prescriptions were issued in cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, in town- or city center pharmacies, and in pharmacies in residential areas. The most common reason for a pharmaceutical prescription was that the patient was running out of a medicine and was unable to contact their physician. Cardiovascular, respiratory, dermatological, and digestive medications were most frequently prescribed. An analysis of pharmacists’ prescribing data from 1 April 2020 to 31 October 2020 confirmed the rapid increase of pharmaceutical prescriptions following implementation of the new legislative act during the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Faggioni, Mara, Rachel Wong, and Tiana Tilli. "23. Did You Pneu?: Impact of an Adult Pneumococcal Immunization Campaign Across Independent Community Pharmacies." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.068.
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Abstract Background Canada’s pneumococcal immunization goal for adults 65 years and older aims to achieve 80% coverage, yet uptake is only 58% in this population. Barriers include lack of awareness and lack of recommendations by healthcare providers. A pneumococcal immunization campaign was designed to address barriers and increase vaccine uptake from independent community pharmacies. Methods A “Did You Pneu?” pneumococcal immunization campaign was developed by a pharmacist at the head office of an independent community pharmacy banner. The campaign consisted of pharmacist educational materials, in-pharmacy marketing materials, and pharmacy operational supports (Figure 1). In November 2018, a month-long in-pharmacy campaign was carried out across the banner. Feedback collected from pharmacists via telephone interviews was used to inform updates to campaign materials for the November 2019 campaign. A convenience sample of ten independent community pharmacies located across Ontario was selected for a retrospective observational analysis of pneumococcal vaccine purchases from January 2017 to December 2019. Figure 1. “Did You Pneu?” campaign toolkit showing pharmacist educational materials, in-pharmacy marketing materials, and pharmacy operational supports developed and distributed across a banner of independent community pharmacies as part of an adult pneumococcal immunization campaign. Results Analysis of ten independent community pharmacies revealed an increase in the total number of pneumococcal vaccines purchased in November in years a campaign took place compared to baseline. The total number of pneumococcal vaccines purchased in November increased 23% during the first campaign and another 213% during the second campaign (13 vs. 16 vs. 50 vaccines purchased in November 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively). Increased vaccine uptake was also observed in months subsequent to the in-pharmacy campaign. Analysis of ten independent community pharmacies revealed a 47% increase in the mean number of pneumococcal vaccines purchased per month by the banner (8.8 mean number of pneumococcal vaccines purchased per month twelve months pre-implementation vs. 12.9 twelve months post-implementation). Conclusion A comprehensive pneumococcal adult immunization campaign implemented across a banner of independent community pharmacies led to immediate and sustained increases in vaccine uptake. As pharmacists have a role in promoting adult pneumococcal immunizations, advocacy efforts should be undertaken to include pharmacists in publicly funded immunization programs. Disclosures Tiana Tilli, PharmD, RPh, ACPR, Pfizer Canada Inc. (Grant/Research Support, Speaker’s Bureau)
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Ceulemans, Michael, Marieke Brughmans, Laura-Lien Poortmans, Ellen Spreuwers, Julie Willekens, Nele Roose, Isabelle De Wulf, and Veerle Foulon. "Development and Pilot Testing of a Dispensing Protocol on Emergency Contraceptive Pills for Community Pharmacists in Belgium." Pharmacy 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10030058.
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Community pharmacists in Belgium frequently dispense emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs). However, variable and insufficient counseling practices exist across pharmacies, highlighting the need for standardization and quality improvement strategies. The aim of this project was to develop and test an ECP dispensing protocol for pharmacists. An ‘experience-based’ co-design approach involving academic and practicing pharmacists was applied, followed by a 4-month test period and interviews to assess users’ experiences. In total, eight geographically dispersed pharmacies participated. Pharmacists (n = 15) reached a consensus on most items to be included in the protocol, which was subsequently tested in seven pharmacies, with overall 97 registered ECP conversations. Pharmacists considered the protocol complete but felt that not all items should be mentioned/questioned during all conversations. They suggested only subtle modifications to be made prior to delivering a final protocol ready for nationwide distribution. Despite attributing positive effects to having a protocol, no single pharmacist ‘actively’ used it at-the-counter but used it instead as a ‘checklist’ after the encounter. Pharmacists found that the paper-based format of the protocol hindered protocol-based dispensing. Future research is needed to provide evidence on the actual benefits of protocol application, as well as to identify factors influencing the implementation of ECP dispensing using a software-integrated protocol.
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Bataduwaarachchi, Vipula R., Chamari L. Weerarathna, A. Paherathy, Dinuka S. Warapitiya, Mythili Sivapathasundaram, Thilini N. Wickramarathna, I. U. Haputhanthrige, Maheshi D. Wijayabandara, and T. Rameshkumar. "A survey on the knowledge, perceptions and practices regarding unwanted medicine disposal among pharmacists in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 7 (June 26, 2020): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20202930.
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Background: Unwanted medicines are defined as expired, unused, damaged or contaminated pharmaceutical products. Improper disposal of unwanted medicines leads to many health and environmental hazards. The World Health Organisation recommends that unwanted medicines should always be disposed properly. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, practices and perceptions on the disposal of unwanted medicines among pharmacists in Sri Lanka.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among pharmacists in 40 private retail pharmacies in the Northern, Eastern and the Western provinces within a period of three months. The pharmacies were selected via stratified randomised sampling in each district. The most experienced pharmacist in each pharmacy was recruited for data collection. A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used. The ethics approval was obtained (Ref: EC-12-190). The data was represented using simple descriptive statistics.Results: The data was collected from 40 pharmacies. Among the pharmacists, 65% were males. The majority answered that burning and landfill as the most appropriate methods of disposal for most of the types of medicinal waste. A significant number of pharmacists were not aware about the method of disposal for anti-infective agents and anti-neoplastic agents. The majority perceived the seriousness of environmental damage caused by disposal via trash or sink. A majority was not agreeing to have pharmacies as collecting centers for unwanted medicines. A discrepancy between the pharmacists’ perceptions and the practices was observed.Conclusions: The level of knowledge, practices and perceptions among pharmacists on unwanted medicines disposal was substandard and needs attention.
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Ajie, Anita Ayu Dwi, Retnosari Andrajati, and Maksum Radji. "FACTORS AFFECTING THE SALE OF NON-PRESCRIBED ANTIBIOTICS IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.54.
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the sale of non-prescribed antibiotics in Jakarta, Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted across 190 randomly selected pharmacies in five administrative districts of Jakarta,Indonesia. Data regarding pharmacies were obtained from the Facility of Pharmaceutical Services Ministry of Health Data, in 2014, which includes allpharmacies in Jakarta. Further data were obtained using structured questionnaires.Results: Among the 190 respondents, 15 pharmacies (9.7%) never provided antibiotics without prescription, whereas 44 (23.6%), 60 (31.6%), and71 pharmacies (36.3%) provided antibiotic services without prescription rarely, sometimes, and always, respectively. Factors considerably associatedwith the increased sale of antibiotics without a prescription included the attitude and age of pharmacists, the type of pharmacy (independent or chainstore), and the presence of pharmacist assistants. Attitude was the most common variable related to providing antibiotics without a prescription.Conclusion: Antibiotics are frequently dispensed by community pharmacies in Jakarta without an appropriate prescription. These findings supportthe need for strict enforcement of pharmacy laws through improved inspections, and they highlight the need for evidence-based guidelines andeducational interventions to improve practices regarding antibiotic provision.
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Law, Elaine, and Sharon L. Youmans. "Combating Counterfeit Medications." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 24, no. 1 (October 15, 2010): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010380745.
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The production and distribution of counterfeit medications has become a significant global public health issue and though not as rampant in the United States as in other parts of the world, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has seen a 10-fold increase in the number of cases investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine California pharmacist knowledge of counterfeit medications, impact of technology and barriers to pharmacist involvement, and potential roles pharmacists can undertake. Our results showed that 59.3% of respondents believe counterfeit drugs pose a problem to the profession, but most had little to no experience with counterfeit medications. For potential sources, 44.5% believe patient use of Internet pharmacies, 39.4% indicated professional counterfeiters, and 16.1% indicated importation. Pharmacist agreed lack of knowledge (46.8%) and resources (82.5%) were barriers to detecting the presence of counterfeits. Half of respondents were award of the CA board of pharmacy’s (BOP) future use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, but 43% did not believe RFID would be effective. Most pharmacists indicated lack of knowledge regarding new technologies but seemed willing to learn.
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Kallio, Sonja, Tiina Eskola, Marika Pohjanoksa-Mäntylä, and Marja Airaksinen. "Medication Risk Management in Routine Dispensing in Community Pharmacies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 8186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218186.
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Community pharmacists have a duty to contribute to medication risk management in outpatient care. This study aimed to investigate the actions taken by pharmacists in routine dispensing to manage medication risks. The study was conducted as a national cross-sectional online survey targeted at all community pharmacies in Finland (n = 576) in October 2015. One pharmacist from each pharmacy was recommended to be the spokesperson for the outlet to describe their practices. Responses were received from 169 pharmacies (response rate of 29%). Pharmacists were oriented to solving poor adherence and technical problems in prescriptions, whereas responsibility for therapeutic risks was transferred to the patient to resolve them with the physician. Pharmacists have access to a wide range of electronic medication risk management tools, but they are rarely utilized in daily dispensing. Attention was paid to drug–drug interactions and the frequency of dispensing with regard to high-risk medicines. Pharmacies rarely had local agreements with other healthcare providers to solve medication-related risks. In routine dispensing, more attention needs to be given to the identification and solving of therapeutic risks in medications, especially those of older adults. Better participation of community pharmacists in medication risk management requires stronger integration and an explicit mandate to solve the therapeutic risks.
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Lorensia, Amalia, Doddy De Queljoe, and Yessica Valensia. "KARAKTERISTIK INFORMASI TERKAIT CARA PENGGUNAAN METERED-DOSE INHALER DENGAN SPACER YANG MENGANDUNG KOMBINASI BETA-2 AGONIS DAN KORTIKOSTEROID OLEH APOTEKER DI APOTEK WILAYAH SURABAYA TIMUR." Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung 4, no. 1 (May 27, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51352/jim.v4i1.156.
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ABSTRACT
Treatment of respiratory disorders using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with spacer becomes one of the important points. Pharmacists at pharmacies are the final key in therapy to ascertain how the use of inhalation tools is correct. This study aims to determine the completeness of each step of information on how to use MDI with spacer given by pharmacists at pharmacies in East Surabaya. The research design used is cross-sectional study with the subject of research is pharmacist in pharmacy. The research variable is the explanation of how to use MDI inhaler with spacer. An assessment method of 8 steps on how to use MDI with spacer and each number gets a value. Research subjects were 22 pharmacists. Most pharmacists describe each step orally by using the tool directly, ie at step: 1a (77.27%), 1b (77.27%), 2 (81.81%), 3 (31.81%) , 4a (59.09%), 4b (13.63%), 5a (100%), 5b (63.63%), 6a (90.90%), 6b (40.90%), 8a (9 , 09%), and 8b (9.09%). Most of the pharmacists explain verbally with a demonstration tool but only one pharmacist can explain all the steps completely. Therefore, pharmacists need to improve IEC services related to the use of MDI with a spacer for respiratory treatment.
Keywords : information on how to use inhaler, Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI), spacer, pharmacist, pharmacy
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Singh, Tanya, Renae L. Smith-Ray, and Michael Taitel. "The Impact of Pharmacist Vaccination Privilege during a Nation-Wide Measles Outbreak." Pharmacy 8, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8010007.
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The 2019 measles outbreak was the worst since the USA eliminated measles in 2000. This paper presents the vaccination trends for a large chain-pharmacy, Walgreens, and examines the estimated vaccination capacity and impact of pharmacist privilege policies across states. Specifically, we estimated the number of people who could have been vaccinated in eight states with reduced or no measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination privilege during the study period January–June, 2019. During the study period, Walgreens pharmacists administered MMR vaccines to 62,526 patients, a 231.9% increase. If pharmacists had been permitted to vaccinate against measles in the eight states investigated, Walgreens pharmacies would have administered between 12,404 and 36,551 additional vaccinations during that time. We also estimated all chain pharmacies’ capacity to vaccinate in one state that was severely impacted by the measles outbreak, New York, using a range from normal pharmacy operating conditions to maximum capacity. Assuming sufficient demand, it was estimated that chain pharmacies in New York State would have the capacity to vaccinate between 47,688 and 174,856 patients daily, achieving MMR vaccination (first dose) of the measles-susceptible population within 8–28 days. Overall, this study demonstrates the public health value of pharmacist vaccination privilege during a nation-wide outbreak of measles.