Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pharmaceutical water treatment plant

Academic literature on the topic 'Pharmaceutical water treatment plant'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pharmaceutical water treatment plant"

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Mohd Amin, M. F., S. G. J. Heijman, and L. C. Rietveld. "Clay–starch combination for micropollutants removal from wastewater treatment plant effluent." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 7 (January 4, 2016): 1719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.001.

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In this study, a new, more effective and cost-effective treatment alternative is investigated for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTP-eff). The potential of combining clay with biodegradable polymeric flocculants is further highlighted. Flocculation is viewed as the best method to get the optimum outcome from clay. In addition, flocculation with cationic starch increases the biodegradability and cost of the treatment. Clay is naturally abundantly available and relatively inexpensive compared to conventional adsorbents. Experimental studies were carried out with existing naturally occurring pharmaceutical concentrations found and measured in WWTP-eff with atrazine spiking for comparison between the demineralised water and WWTP-eff matrix. Around 70% of the total measured pharmaceutical compounds were removable by the clay–starch combination. The effect of clay with and without starch addition was also highlighted.
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Tahrani, Leyla, Joris Van Loco, Hedi Ben Mansour, and Tim Reyns. "Occurrence of antibiotics in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater, wastewater treatment plant and sea waters in Tunisia." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 2 (October 21, 2015): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.224.

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Antibiotics are among the most commonly used group of pharmaceuticals in human medicine. They can therefore reach surface and groundwater bodies through different routes, such as wastewater treatment plant effluents, surface runoff, or infiltration of water used for agricultural purposes. It is well known that antibiotics pose a significant risk to environmental and human health, even at low concentrations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of aminoglycosides and phenicol antibiotics in municipal wastewaters, sea water and pharmaceutical effluents in Tunisia. All analysed water samples contained detectable levels of aminoglycoside and phenicol antibiotics. The highest concentrations in wastewater influents were observed for neomycin and kanamycin B (16.4ng mL−1 and 7.5 ng mL−1, respectively). Chloramphenicol was found in wastewater influents up to 3 ng mL−1. It was observed that the waste water treatment plants were not efficient in completely removing these antibiotics. Chloramphenicol and florfenicol were found in sea water samples near aquaculture sites at levels up to, respectively, 15.6 ng mL−1 and 18.4 ng mL−1. Also aminoglycoside antibiotics were found near aquaculture sites with the highest concentration of 3.4 ng mL−1 for streptomycin. In pharmaceutical effluents, only gentamycin was found at concentrations up to 19 ng mL−1 over a sampling period of four months.
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Flyborg, Lena, Berndt Björlenius, and Kenneth M. Persson. "Can treated municipal wastewater be reused after ozonation and nanofiltration? Results from a pilot study of pharmaceutical removal in Henriksdal WWTP, Sweden." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 5 (March 1, 2010): 1113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.029.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of nanofiltration (NF) and ozonation for indirect potable reuse in terms of pharmaceutical residuals. To simultaneously obtain a reasonable retentate volume for further treatment, the tests were performed at a high volume reduction factor (VRF) of 60. The feed to the pilot plant was the effluent from a BNR plant with a final process step of chemical precipitation and rapid sand filtration. Two tests were performed 1) nanofiltration of treated wastewater followed by ozonation and 2) ozonated treated wastewater as feed to NF. Of the 95 pharmaceuticals analysed, three were not removed to the quantification limit, oxazepam in the first test and glibenclamide and ketoprofen in the second. The water quality after the two processes was similar, with an overall removal of pharmaceutical residuals of 99%. There are two advantages of ozonated water as feed to NF—a higher specific flux of 35% and a potential removal of ozonation by-products. The retention of some pharmaceuticals by NF was lower than anticipated, the major removal occurring in the ozonation. A tighter NF or RO is required in order to achieve higher pharmaceutical retention for further treatment of the retentate.
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Zhu, Lei, Song Liu, Xun Wang, and Hong Jiao Song. "Study on Pharmaceutical Wastewater by SBBR." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 1380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1380.

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A pharmaceutical factory in Wuhan produces many pharmaceutical wastewaters every day. The wastewater raw water quality indexes are: the concentration of COD,BOD5, NH3-N,TP is 300,000mg/L, 200,000mg/L, 450mg/L,900 mg/L ; By the SBBR treatment, the effluent water quality indexes are:750mg/L,350mg/L,1.20mg/L,5mg/L,and the effluent water can accord with Wastewater quality standards for discharge to municipal sewers (CJ 343-2010) and be discharged after treatment in the sewage treatment plant by municipal sewers.
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Andreozzi, R., L. Campanella, B. Fraysse, J. Garric, A. Gonnella, R. Lo Giudice, R. Marotta, G. Pinto, and A. Pollio. "Effects of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on the toxicity of a mixture of pharmaceuticals." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0304.

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The possibility of applying main AOP techniques, namely ozonation, H2O2/UV photolysis and TiO2 photocatalysis to provide a significant reduction of toxicity of pharmaceutical mixtures has been evaluated. For the preparation of the mixture six pharmaceuticals were chosen among those found at highest concentrations in Sewage Treatment Plant effluents, namely carbamazepine, clofibric acid, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, ofloxacin and propranolol. The blue-green alga Synechococcus leopoliensis and the rotifer Brachyonus calyciflorus were utilised to assess the toxicity of the mixtures after AOP treatments. All the toxicity tests were performed using chronic standardized bioassays. The best results were obtained with ozonation. With this type of treatment a complete removal of mixture toxicity on S. leopolensis was obtained even after the shortest time of application (1 min). The ozonation treatment leads also to removal of all the pharmaceutical mixture toxicity on B. calyciflorus, by applying the oxidizing agent for at least for 2 minutes.
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Chauveheid, Eric, and Sabine Scholdis. "Removal of pharmaceuticals by a surface water treatment plant." Water Supply 19, no. 6 (March 29, 2019): 1793–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.054.

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Abstract Several pharmaceuticals were followed through a drinking water production process on the river Meuse. Tramadol and levetiracetam were the most common compounds while cytostatics were not detected. All compounds found at that intake point had an annual consumption greater than 90 mg/inhabitant. The tracer substance 1,2,3-benzotriazole allowed estimation of the maximal concentration of pharmaceuticals and the evolution profile for tramadol and sotalol. After pre-ozonation of raw water, most pharmaceuticals were completely removed, except levetiracetam and irbesartan, confirming the efficiency of this advanced oxidation process. Irbesartan and levetiracetam were completely removed by granular activated carbon filtration. Levetiracetam was the most reluctant compound. A conventional multi-barrier treatment combining ozone and activated carbon, already used for several decades before implementation in wastewater treatment, can completely remove most pharmaceuticals. Therefore, drinking water without any significant health-related amount of these pharmaceuticals can be produced from surface water.
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Inanc, B., B. Calli, K. Alp, F. Ciner, B. Mertoglu, and I. Ozturk. "Toxicity assessment on combined biological treatment of pharmaceutical industry effluents." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 12 (June 1, 2002): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0419.

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This paper describes the wastewater characterization and aerobic/anaerobic treatability (oxygen uptake rate and biogas production measurement) of chemical-synthesis based pharmaceutical industry effluents in a nearby baker's yeast industry treatment plant. Preliminary experiments by the industry had indicated strong anaerobic toxicity. On the other hand, aerobic treatability was also uncertain due to complexity and unknown composition of the wastewater. The work in this study has indicated that the effluents of the pharmaceutical industry can be treated without toxicity in the aerobic stage of the treatment plant. Methanogenic activity tests with anaerobic sludge from the anaerobic treatment stage of the wastewater treatment plant and acetate as substrate have confirmed the strong toxicity, while showing that 30 min aeration or coagulation with an alum dose of 300 mg/l is sufficient for reducing the toxicity almost completely. Powdered activated carbon, lime and ferric chloride (100-1,000 mg/l) had no effect on reduction of the toxicity. Consequently, the pharmaceutical industry was recommended to treat its effluents in the anaerobic stage of the nearby baker's yeast industry wastewater treatment plan at which there will be no VOC emission and toxicity problem, provided that pretreatment is done.
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Langenhoff, Alette, Nadia Inderfurth, Teun Veuskens, Gosse Schraa, Marco Blokland, Katarzyna Kujawa-Roeleveld, and Huub Rijnaarts. "Microbial Removal of the Pharmaceutical Compounds Ibuprofen and Diclofenac from Wastewater." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/325806.

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Studies on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals show that the widely used pharmaceuticals ibuprofen and diclofenac are present in relevant concentrations in the environment. A pilot plant treating hospital wastewater with relevant concentrations of these pharmaceuticals was evaluated for its performance to reduce the concentration of the pharmaceuticals. Ibuprofen was completely removed, whereas diclofenac yielded a residual concentration, showing the necessity of posttreatment to remove diclofenac, for example, activated carbon. Successively, detailed laboratory experiments with activated sludge from the same wastewater treatment plant showed bioremediation potential in the treatment plant. The biological degradation pathway was studied and showed a mineralisation of ibuprofen and degradation of diclofenac. The present microbes were further studied in laboratory experiments, and DGGE analyses showed the enrichment and isolation of highly purified cultures that degraded either ibuprofen or diclofenac. This research illuminates the importance of the involved bacteria for the effectiveness of the removal of pharmaceuticals in a wastewater treatment plant. A complete removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater will stimulate water reuse, addressing the worldwide increasing demand for clean and safe fresh water.
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Matsuo, H., H. Sakamoto, K. Arizono, and R. Shinohara. "Behavior of Pharmaceuticals in Waste Water Treatment Plant in Japan." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 87, no. 1 (May 12, 2011): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0299-7.

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Konstas, Kosma, Konstantinou, and Albanis. "Photocatalytic Treatment of Pharmaceuticals in Real Hospital Wastewaters for Effluent Quality Amelioration." Water 11, no. 10 (October 17, 2019): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102165.

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The presence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the wastewater effluents has confirmed that conventional wastewater treatment technologies are not sufficiently effective in the pharmaceuticals’ removal. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the photocatalytic degradation of PhACs using TiO2-P25, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, CN) and a heterojunction of perovskite strodium titanate and graphitic carbon nitride SrTiO3/g-C3N4 (20% g-C3N4, 20CNSTO) photocatalytic materials, in hospital wastewater effluents, by simulated solar irradiation. The experiments were performed by using real wastewater samples collected from the university hospital wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent of Ioannina city (Northwestern Greece) and inherent pharmaceutical concentration levels. The analysis of the samples was accomplished by solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. In the cases of TiO2 and CN, more than 70% of the initial concentration (e.g., venlafaxine) was degraded after 90 min, while 20CNSTO presented lower photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, some compounds were sporadically detected (e.g., fluoxetine) or their concentrations remained stable during the photocatalytic treatment time period (e.g., trimethoprim). In total 11 transformation products (TPs) were formed along the degradation processes and were identified by using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pharmaceutical water treatment plant"

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Dlugolecka, Maja. "Pharmaceutical compounds : a new challenge for wastewater treatment plants /." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Mark- och vattenteknik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4348.

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Söderbom, Olsson Tobias. "AN EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL REMOVAL TECHNOLOGIES AND BUSINESS MODEL STRATEGIES : FROM A WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT AND SUPPLIER PERSPECTIVE." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78869.

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Pharmaceutical residues are passing our wastewater treatment plants and flowing out in to the nature. The medical substances are built to affect different processes in our bodies, but also affect other species and increase the risk of developing multi resistant bacterial strains, not curable with antibiotics. This has made wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) interested in investing in pharmaceutical removal. This study describes what criteria that are important to consider when choosing technology for pharmaceutical removal, and presents a model for the WWTPs to use when choosing pharmaceutical removal technology. Secondly, the study presents a reasoning regarding business model concepts. These concepts are presented to aid suppliers of pharmaceutical removal technology, when designing their business models. The method of choice is a qualitative research study based on interviews and document analysis.
Aktiva läkemdelssubstanser passerar idag våra reningsverk oförändrade och rinner ut i naturen. Dessa substanser är tillverkade för att påverka olika biologiska processer i våra kroppar, men de påverkar också andra arter och ökar risken för att utveckla antibiotikaresistenta bakterier som vi inte kan bota oss från. Dessa risker har gjort reningsverk intresserade av att investera i läkemedelsrening. Denna studie beskriver vilka kriterier som är viktiga att överväga vid val av teknik för läkemedelsrening och presenterar sedan en modell som reningsverk kan använda när de väljer teknik för läkemedelsrening. Ett resonemang förs också kring olika affärsmodellskoncept som kan nyttjas av leverantörer av teknik för läkemedelsrening, när de utvecklar sina affärsmodeller. Den valda metoden för studien är baserat på ett kvalitativt förhållningssätt med intervjuer och dokumentanalyser.
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Ademoyegun, Olufemi Temitope. "Evaluation of some pharmaceutical and personal care products and pesticide residues in selected wastewater treatment plants and receiving watersheds in Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2922.

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Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) have been the focus of global environmental research for over three decades. EOCs have caused widespread concern due to their extensive use. As EOCs were designed to correct, enhance or protect a specific physiological, their target effects in humans and/or farm stocks are relatively well known and documented. However, there is limited knowledge about their unintended effects in the environment. To address the occurrence, distribution and fate of EOCs in the environment, efficient and reliable analytical methods are needed. The relatively low concentration, high polarity, and thermal lability of some EOCs, together with their interaction with complex environmental matrices, make their analysis challenging. Sample preparation followed by GC or HPLC separation and mass spectrometry (MS) detection has become the standard approach for evaluating EOCs in environmental samples. Physicochemical properties of EOCs range from highly water-soluble (hydrophylic) to highly water-insoluble (hydrophobic). Two groups of these EOCs were considered for study in this work. Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) were comprehensively studied in five wastewater treatment plants and their receiving watersheds in Amathole districts in Eastern C ape, South Africa. PPCPs have been widely reported in wastewater influents, effluents, receiving rivers and biosolids, but reports of their occurrence in all these matrixes have been limited by the difficulty of analysis. Therefore, a comprehensive validation of methods was carried out on the influents, effluents, sludge and soil from the irrigated golf course where the effluent of one of the study sites was being used for over three decades now for irrigation. In all, thirteen PPCPs from five therapeutic groups were selected for study in this work because of their administering rate and availability of analytical instrument. Good limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were achieved for the method used. The LOD for the aqueous Three different technologies were employed for the treatment of wastewater in the five selected wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and study was carried out to evaluate their ability to eliminate the selected compounds from the influents to the effluents using statistical analysis (ANOVA) at p<0.05 on the percentage removal rate across the three plants. The results had shown eight of the compounds having no significant difference among the treatment operations, whereas the remaining five compounds varied significantly among the treatment technologies under investigation. Principal component analysis was performed on the concentration of PPCPs, their removal rate and also on the physicochemical and treatment operation parameters. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) had correlation coefficient, r = 0.90 with the concentration of PPCPs and removal rates. Furthermore, occurrences, seasonal variation, mean concentration distribution pattern of the compounds, and temporal evaluation of the mean concentration of the pharmaceutical compounds in the five WWTPs during one year of sampling were considered. The results revealed that five products which were diclofenac, ibuprofen, paracetamol, triclosan and diethyl toluamide (DDET) were predominant among the PPCPs in all the WWTPs. The removal efficiency was highest in caffeine with 96 percent, and the lowest was obtained with carbamazepine (4 percent). Risk quotient of the concentration of PPCPs in the effluents and receiving waters was determined to assess their chronic toxicity at three trophic levels: fish, algae and matrixes studied ranged from 0.01 μg/L to 0.25 μg/L, and the LOQ from 0.02 μg/L to 0.78 μg/L. In the solid matrixes, LOD varied from 0.01 ng/g to 0.65 ng/g, and the LOQ between 0.08 ng/g and 5.17 ng/g. Better recovery efficiency was obtained with this mixture of solvents, acetone: dichloromethane (1:1), for the recovery of the five therapeutic groups in the solid matrixes using ultrasonication- assisted techniques. The results show percentage recovery values ranging from 68.8 percent to 107.5 percent diaphian. According to the environmental risk assessment results, ibuprofen and triclosan were found to be the most critical compounds due to their high risk quotient values. These findings will, therefore, help in the future evaluation of the efficiency of different treatment technologies in the removal of various PPCPs from the wastewater and their sustainable management in the aquatic resources in Eastern Cape, South Africa. For the lipophilic organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), the limits of detection (LODs) of the tested congeners varied from 0.04 ng/g (α-BHC) to 0.49 ng/g (endosulfan sulfate) and the limits of quantification ranging from 0.22 ng/g (aldrin) to 2.17 ng/g (δ-BHC).
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Soulier, Coralie. "Présence et devenir des alkylphénols, de leurs dérivés et des composés pharmaceutiques dans les effluents : intérêt des échantillonneurs passifs." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14638/document.

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Le milieu aquatique est le réceptacle ultime de la pollution environnementale. De nombreux micropolluants y sont présents et montrent des effets toxiques envers les systèmes aquatiques. La Directive Cadre Eau (DCE) a comme objectif la restauration du bon état écologique et chimique des milieux aquatiques d’ici 2015. Pour cela, elle impose des Normes de Qualités Environnementales (NQE) faibles et une surveillance accrue des masses d’eau. Au-delà des micropolluants réglementés, certains dits « émergents » ont été détectés à de faibles concentrations (ng.L-1) dans les systèmes aquatiques. Sous ce terme, sont regroupés les composés pharmaceutiques, certains pesticides, les hormones, etc. L’ensemble de ces micropolluants sont introduits dans l’environnement par plusieurs sources : dépôts atmosphériques, lessivage des sols, lixiviation et rejets industriels et/ou domestiques. Ces travaux de thèse ont porté plus précisément sur les alkylphénols, présents sur la liste des contaminants prioritaires dangereux de la DCE, leurs dérivés éthoxylés, le bisphénol A et les composés pharmaceutiques. Dans un premier temps, une attention particulière a été portée à l’analyse de ces composés. Les méthodes analytiques de chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse simple (LC-MS) et en tandem (LC-MS/MS) pour les alkylphénols ont été optimisées en améliorant les contrôles qualités et en portant une attention particulière à l’extraction des composés sensibles aux contaminations extérieures (manipulateur, ambiance, etc.). Pour pallier aux problèmes liés à la contamination des échantillons par ces composés lors de l’extraction, la microextraction sur phase solide (SPME) et une méthode d’analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse simple (GC-MS) ont été dévelopées. Dans un second temps, le devenir et le comportement des alkylphénols, de leurs dérivés éthoxylés et des composés pharmaceutiques dans les stations d’épuration (STEP), sources d’introduction dans les systèmes aquatiques avérées, ont été étudiés. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence que les concentrations diminuent au cours des traitements dans les STEP pour tous les composés étudiés sauf pour l’acide alkylphénoxy acétique (NP1EC) qui est formé au cours des traitements secondaires ; la carbamazépine et dans une moindre mesure le diclofénac restent stables. Seuls les traitements tertiaires permettent une élimination significative de ces composés. La présence à plus de 50% des alkylphénols et de leurs dérivés éthoxylés dans la phase particulaire entraînent une adsorption non négligeable de ces composés dans les boues. Dans le but d’améliorer le suivi environnemental, les POCISTM standard (« Polar Organic chemical Integrative SamplersTM ») de configuration « pharmaceutiques » ont été développés lors d’expérimentations menées en laboratoire pour l’échantillonnage des alkylphénols, de leurs dérivés éthoxylés, du bisphénol A et des composés pharmaceutiques. Les alkylphénols et leurs dérivés éthoxylés sont accumulés avec un temps de latence dans les POCISTM standard montrant l’influence de la membrane sur le transfert de masse de ces composés. Les POCISTM standards ont été optimisés en changeant la nature des membranes pour l’échantillonnage des alkylphénols et de leurs dérivés éthoxylés. Ces nouveaux outils sont nommés POCISTM-like. Les POCISTM-Nylon 0,1 µm et 30 µm sont les POCISTM-like montrant un fort pouvoir concentrateur des alkylphénols, de leurs dérivés éthoxylés et du Bisphénol A tout en éliminant le temps de latence observé dans leur accumulation dans les POCISTM standards. Ces POCISTM-like ont par la suite été validés en mésocosmes puis dans le milieu naturel afin de mettre en évidence leur caractère intégratif, permettant ainsi de s’affranchir de l’effet matriciel et de détecter certains composés à des concentrations inférieures aux limites de quantification
The aquatic environment is the ultimate receptacle of environmental pollution. Many micro-pollutants are present and show toxic effects to aquatic systems (bioaccumulation in tissues, inhibition of growth, endocrine dysfunction, etc.). The Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to restore the good ecological and chemical quality of aquatic environments by 2015. For this, it imposes low Environmental quality standards (EQS) and increased monitoring of water bodies. Beyond regulated micro-pollutants, some "emerging" have been detected at low concentrations (ng L-1) in aquatic systems. Under this term are grouped pharmaceutical compounds, some pesticides, hormones, etc. All of these micro-pollutants are introduced into the environment through several sources: atmospheric deposition, soil leaching and industrial or domestic discharges.This work is specifically focused on alkylphenols, present on the list of priority hazardous compounds in the WFD, their ethoxylated derivatives, bisphenol A and pharmaceutical compounds. As a first step, particular attention was paid to the analysis of these compounds. Analytical methods of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC / MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for alkylphenols were optimized by improving quality controls and paying attention to the extraction of sensitive compounds toward contamination (manipulator, atmosphere, etc.). To overcome the problems associated with sample contamination by these compounds during the extraction, solid phase microextraction (SPME) and a method of analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed. In a second step, the fate and behavior of alkylphenols, their ethoxylated derivatives and pharmaceutical compounds in sewage treatment plants (WWTPs), sources of introduction into aquatic systems proved, were studied. This study has allowed showing the decrease of concentrations during treatment in WWTPs for all compounds studied except for alkylphenoxy acetic acid (NP1EC) which is formed during secondary treatment, carbamazepine, and to a lesser extent diclofenac remain stable. Only tertiary treatments allow significant removal of these compounds. The presence of more than 50% of alkylphenols and ethoxylated derivatives in the particulate phase lead to significant adsorption of these compounds into sludges. In order to improve environmental monitoring, during experiments conducted in the laboratory POCISTM standard (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers), "pharmaceuticals" configuration, have been developed for sampling alkylphenols, their ethoxylated derivates, bisphenol A and pharmaceutical compounds. Alkylphenols and their ethoxylated derivatives are accumulated with a lag phase in standard POCISTM showing the influence of the membrane on the mass transfer of these compounds. The standard POCISTM were optimized by changing the nature of the membranes for sampling alkylphenols and their ethoxylated derivatives. These new tools are named POCISTM-like. The POCISTM-Nylon 0.1 µm and 30 µm are POCISTM-like showing a strong power concentrator for alkylphénols, their ethoxylated derivatives and BPA while eliminating the lag phase observed in standard POCISTM. These POCISTM-like were subsequently validated in mesocosms and in the environment in order to highlight their integrative nature, allowing to overcome the matrix effect and to detect some compounds at concentrations below the limits of quantification
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Pouzol, Tanguy. "Monitoring and modelling of pharmaceuticals in wastewater : Daily and hourly loads in both hospital and urban wastewater." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI009/document.

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Les flux journaliers et horaires de 15 molécules pharmaceutiques à l'entrée d'une station d'épuration ont été mesurés sur 3 ans et modélisés à la fois pour un bassin urbain de 16 000 habitants et un hôpital de 450 lits. Certaines molécules ne sont jamais ou rarement quantifiées. Les flux journaliers vont de 0,6 à 564 g/jour en fonction de la molécule et de la campagne de mesure 24h. Aucune dynamique saisonnière ou hebdomadaire n’a été identifiées. La dynamique des flux horaires des médicaments se distingue des autres polluants et du débit des eaux usées. Les flux horaires mesurés sont sévèrement impactés par le comportement aléatoire des patients lorsque la masse journalière consommée est faible. Ainsi, la dynamique moyenne est difficile à identifier. L'hypothèse principale pour modéliser les flux de médicaments dans les eaux usées est qu'ils résultent des étapes suivantes: ventes ou distributions de médicaments, consommation humaine, métabolisme et excrétion. Les ventes de médicaments pour le bassin urbain et les distributions de l'hôpital ont été collectées à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles (respectivement 1, 6 et 223 pharmacies et journalières, hebdomadaires et mensuelles). Les plus grandes échelles sont plus fiables pour estimer les niveaux de consommations mais la variabilité des plus petites est plus proche de la variabilité observée dans les mesures. Les quantités de médicaments vendus ou distribués vont de 0,4 à 1 600 patients théoriques par jour en moyenne. En associant les flux journaliers mesurés aux ventes ou aux distributions, aucune corrélation linéaire n'a été trouvée. Un modèle stochastique au pas de temps de la minute est proposé et appliqué aux deux sites. Il produit des résultats fiables et précis pour les flux quotidiens et horaires. Cependant, les résultats sont difficiles à interpréter lorsque seuls quelques patients consomment un médicament. De plus, le modèle ne reproduit pas la spécificité inhérente de l'hôpital. En outre, le modèle est également capable de prédire avec précision le débit des eaux usées domestiques d'un bassin versant urbain, tant pour les volumes quotidiens que pour leurs dynamiques
Daily and hourly loads of 15 pharmaceutical molecules at the inlet of a wastewater treatment plant have been measured over 3 years and modelled for both an urban catchment of 16 000 inhabitants and a hospital of 450 beds. Some molecules are never or rarely quantified. Daily loads range from 0.6 to 564 g/day depending of the molecule and the 24 h measurement campaign. Seasonal or weekly patterns are not identified. Pharmaceuticals hourly loads dynamics are distinctive from one another and from wastewater flow. The measured hourly loads are severely impacted by the random behaviour of the patients when the daily mass consumed is low. Thus, the average dynamics is difficult to identify. The main hypothesis to model pharmaceuticals loads in wastewater is that they result from the following steps: pharmaceuticals sales or distributions, human consumption, metabolism and excretion. Pharmaceuticals sales for the urban catchment and distribution for the hospital have been collected at different space and timescales (respectively 1, 6 and 223 pharmacies and daily, weekly and monthly). Larger scales are more reliable for magnitude but the variability of the smaller ones is closer to the variability observed in the measurements. The quantities of pharmaceuticals sold or distributed range from 0.4 to 1 600 theoretical patients per day. Associating measured daily loads with sales or distributions, no linear correlation is found. A minute time step stochastic model is proposed and applied to both sites. It produces reliable and accurate results for both daily and hourly loads. However, results are difficult to interpret when only a few patients are consuming a pharmaceutical. Also, the model does not reproduce the inherent specificity of the hospital. In addition, the model is also able to predict the domestic wastewater flow of an urban catchment with great accuracy for both daily volumes and dynamics
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Boucher, Alan Raymond. "Management strategies for a water treatment plant." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292247.

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Osorio, Torrens Victoria. "Fate, modeling, and risk of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants and Iberian rivers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/345227.

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In view of the concerns about the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, two main lines of research regarding these substances were followed within this thesis: Their fate was assessed along waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) and Iberian River basins. Their potential ecotoxicological risks to non-target aquatic organisms were evaluated. On this basis, the more specific objectives and the subsequent findings achieved within this thesis are reported as follows: I. The fate and behavior of pharmaceuticals under nitrifying activated sludge treatment in WWTPs and after their release into receiving surface waters (SW) via wastewater (WW) effluent discharge were studied. To that aim, a sensitive analytical protocol based on off-line SPE-LC—MS/MS was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of diclofenac their metabolites and their transformation products (TPs) in WW. The method was further optimized and validated for additional analysis of sulfamethoxazole and its TPs in WW and SW. The method was applied to the analysis of WW and SW reporting the occurrence of the metabolites and TPs of diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole in the ng L-1 range. Additionally, the microbial mediated biotransformation of diclofenac and other related pharmaceutical structures into nitro and nitroso derivates in the nitrifying activated sludge was investigated. The use of HR-MS/MS allowed the identification of tentative chemical structures of nitrosation/nitration TPs confirmed for all compounds to generate via biotic mechanisms. II. Afterwards, the presence of a list of up to 96 selected pharmaceuticals in SW and sediments from four Iberian River basins characterized by high anthropogenic pressure was assessed. To that, the spatial and temporal distribution of pharmaceuticals were evaluated. pharmaceuticals were widespread and pseudo-persistent micropollutants in the Iberian aquatic environment. Concentration of pharmaceuticals in SW varied from the low to high ng L-1 range; while in sediments they were at the low ng g-1 level. Analgesics/antiinflammatories were the most relevant therapeutic group in SW; while for sediments these were antibiotics. Factors affecting their occurrence (i.e. hydrological conditions and human and animal uses) were also assessed by the application of modeling approaches and statistical tools. Overall, response of pharmaceuticals to river flow was negative, principally due to expected dilution effects. A “plug-flow” model approach was successfully applied to describe the fate of 14 selected pharmaceuticals in terms of attenuation downstream the water course of their main emission source considered as the WWTPs. Significantly positive relationships were found among levels of pharmaceuticals and population density and livestock units in both SW and sediment matrices, thus responding to the anthropic pressures in the catchments. III. Finally, this thesis contributed to the knowledge about the ecotoxicological risk of pharmaceuticals to aquatic ecosystems. To that, individual and combined acute toxicity of pharmaceuticals and other relevant micropollutants to D. magna and V. fischeri were assessed. Individual pharmaceuticals and TPs did not showed acute toxicity to the target aquatic organisms. However PhACs and TPs displayed synergistic effects in mixtures with other toxicants of the same environmental compartments. Additionally, an ecotoxicological risk assessment of 55 pharmaceuticals to D. magna, V. fischeri and fish along four Iberian River basins was conducted. The extensive data presented on the predicted ecotoxicological risk and the computation of pharmaceuticals relative contribution to the whole toxicity of the sample, provided valuable information for further prioritization exercices in the risk assessment of Spanish river basins. Then, the impact of changing pharmaceuticals levels and water flow conditions on the structure and function of river biofilms was studied. PhACs affected the structure and functioning of fluvial biofilms. The biotic response to the two main stressors studied PhACs and hydrology, varied among the different biofilm compartments (photoautotrophs and bacteria).
En vista de las preocupaciones acerca de la presencia de productos farmacéuticos en el medio ambiente acuático, dentro de esta tesis se estudiaron y evaluaron: Su destino a lo largo de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales y de las cuencas de los ríos Ibéricos. Los riesgos ecotoxicológicos que pueden representar para los organismos acuáticos no diana. Sobre esta base, las investigaciones más específicas en esta tesis fueron: I. Se estudió el destino y el comportamiento de los fármacos durante el tratamiento de lodos activados nitrificantes en las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales y después de su liberación en las aguas superficiales receptoras a través de los efluentes de aguas residuales. Con ese objetivo, se desarrolló y se validó un protocolo de análisis sensible para la determinación simultánea de diclofenaco sus metabolitos y sus productos de transformación en aguas residuales. Posteriormente, el método fue optimizado y validado para el análisis adicional de sulfametoxazol y sus productos de transformación en las aguas residuales y aguas superficiales. Además, se investigó la biotransformación, mediada por la comunidad microbiana del lodo activado nitrificante, de diclofenaco y otras estructuras farmacéuticas relacionadas a nitro y nitroso derivados. II. Se evaluó la presencia de fármacos en las aguas superficiales y sedimentos de cuatro cuencas hidrográficas Ibéricas caracterizadas por una elevada presión antropogénica. Para ese fin, se evaluó la distribución espacial y temporal de los fármacos. También se evaluaron los factores que influyen en su aparición (es decir, las condiciones hidrológicas y uso humano/animal) mediante la aplicación de métodos de modelización y herramientas estadísticas. III. Finalmente, se contribuyó al conocimiento del riesgo ecotoxicológico de los fármacos en los ecosistemas acuáticos. Para esto, se evaluó la toxicidad aguda individual y combinada de fármacos y otros microcontaminantes a Daphnia magna y Vibrio fischeri. Además, se realizó una evaluación del riesgo ecotoxicológico de los fármacos a D. magna, V. fischeri y peces en las cuencas hidrográficas ibéricas. A continuación, se estudió el impacto de los cambios en los niveles de los fármacos y las condiciones de caudal sobre la estructura y función de los biofilms fluviales.
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Fornander, Erik. "Ozone Treatment Targeting Pharmaceutical Residues : Validation and Process Control in a Wastewater Treatment Plant." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teknisk biologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-154012.

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Major studies conducted in Europe and North America has concluded that the current processes in wastewater treatment plants insufficiently degrade micropollutants e.g. pharmaceutical residues. Several sorption and oxidation methods has therefore been investigated with the purpose of removing or degrading micropollutants in wastewater. The main purpose of this project was, firstly, to validate the results from a pilot study conducted by Tekniska verken i Linköping AB (2014) which investigated the use of ozone to degrade pharmaceutical residues. Secondly, to investigate and design a suitable process control strategy for the ozonation process. Four different tests were conducted during the project, a dose-response test, step-response tests, a trace test, and a performance test. A poorer average reduction of pharmaceutical residues was observed in this project compared to the pilot study. An average reduction of approximately 80% was observed at the highest tested dose, 0.67 mg O3/mg DOC, N corr. Whilst an average reduction of 90% was observed at approximately 0.46 mg O3/mg DOC, N corr, in the pilot study. However, the quality of the wastewater was worse during this project compared to the pilot study. ΔUVA254 and offgas concentration of ozone were found to be suitable control parameters for process control. A control strategy based on a combination of these parameters was designed, where ΔUVA254 was used as the main control parameter and the off-gas concentration of ozone was used as a limiting controller to ensure a sufficient mass transfer in the system. In conclusion, a suitable flow proportional base ozone dose valid for current water conditions has been identified, 10 mg/L. Differences in wastewater quality which heavily influence the ozonation process have been identified. Lastly, a control strategy for process control of the ozonation have been identified, designed and is ready for implementation.
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Cumbie, William E. "Effects of storage on water treatment plant sludges." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45542.

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The effects of in-basin storage of sludge on the iron, manganese, and TOC removal of water treatment plant (WTP) clarifiers and on the dewatering characteristics of sludge were examined. The use of chlorine dioxide as a preoxidant to retard observed detrimental effects was also investigated.

Sludge samples that were stored over a period of 120 days were found to release up to ten times the original supernatant concentration of iron and manganese from the sludge into the overlying supernatant liquor when sludge redox potential values decreased below +100 mV. Organic carbon also increased in the supernatant but to a lesser extent. Sludge dewatering characteristics as measured by specific resistance and capillary suction time were found to improve when sludge redox potential readings remained over 100 mV but varied greatly when readings were below this level.

Field monitoring and sampling of the clarifiers at Lee Hall WTP and Harwood's Mill WTP from April to July showed that the removal efficiencies of the clarifiers was not related to in-basin sludge storage. This conflicted with a later portion of the study and was thought to be due to the lack of standardized sampling techniques.

The final phase of the investigation dealt with the use of chlorine dioxide to retard the negative effects of in-basin storage of sludge. Sludge accumulation in clarifiers resulted in decreased iron and manganese removal efficiencies when chlorine dioxide was not used. Addition of chlorine dioxide improved the iron and manganese removal efficiencies of the clarifiers. Sludge dewatering characteristics were found to improve with the use of chlorine dioxide as a preoxidant.


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Litteken, Garrett Michael. "IMPACT OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT ALUM SLUDGE RESIDUALS ON WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES: A CASE STUDY." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2246.

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Water treatment plant (WTP) residual discharge is considered a pollutant and requires treatment to prevent negative impacts when released to the environment. As regulatory requirement becomes increasingly strict, WTPs are required to find suitable methods for the treatment of sludge residuals. Wastewater treatment plants(WWTP) provide existing treatment methods to remove contaminants from WTP residuals. A case study on the Carbondale Water Treatment Plant (CWTP) and receiving Carbondale Southeast Waste Water Treatment Plant (SEWWTP) provided an opportunity to quantify potential negative impacts for the discharge of residual alum sludge to a biologic sludge digestion plant. The first part of the study focused on quantifying changes to the SEWWTP loading conditions from the addition of metal salt coagulant water treatment residuals discharged by the CWTP. Historic sludge quantities and treatment methodologies for both the CWTP and SEWWTP were used to predict loading conditions and residual concentrations at the SEWWTP. Ammonia, BOD, pH, and TSS concentrations from the CWTP were not identified to significantly impact the existing concentrations at the SEWWTP. Metals concentrations from the CWTP were also found to fall within WWTP regulatory quantities. The second part of the study evaluated potential impacts to beneficial bacteria populations in the SEWWTP oxidation ditch from the receipt of CWTP alum residuals. Studies of residual alum sludge impacts to beneficial bacterial populations are rare, and often do not translate from one treatment plants processes to the next. The SEWWTP employs a multi-ring oxidation ditch with an anoxic outer ring and aerobic middle and inner rings. Biologic Activity Reaction Tests (BART) were used to isolate beneficial bacteria species typically present in oxidation ditches including heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria. Heterotrophic aerobic bacteria and denitrifying bacteria are the predominant beneficial bacteria species in the outer ring, while nitrifying bacteria and heterotrophic aerobic bacteria dominate the aerobic inner rings. Heterotrophic aerobic bacteria and denitrifying bacteria populations identified in the outer ring of the oxidation ditch did not demonstrate any population impacts from the receipt of residual alum sludge. In addition, nitrifying bacteria populations and heterotrophic aerobic bacteria population demonstrated no impacts from the introduction of CWTP residual alum waste to the aerobic inner ring of the oxidation ditch. Overall, the study demonstrated the treatment of residual alum sludge from a WTP is possible through the existing biological processes at a WWTP.
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Books on the topic "Pharmaceutical water treatment plant"

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Johnson, Art. Results of a screening analysis for pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plant effluents, wells, and creeks in the Sequim-Dungeness area. Olympia, Washington: Washington State Department of Ecology, 2004.

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Hargrave, W. J. Windsor Water Treatment Plant. [Toronto]: Ontario Environment, 1990.

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Kargel, R. Grimsby Water Treatment Plant. [Toronto]: Ontario Environment, 1991.

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Hargrave, W. J. Cornwall Water Treatment Plant. [Toronto]: Ontario Environment, 1990.

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Hargrave, W. J. Peterborough Water Treatment Plant. [Toronto]: Ontario Environment, 1990.

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Schenau, Sibo van Ingen. Timmins Water Treatment Plant. [Toronto]: Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 1990.

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Hargrave, W. J. Belleville Water Treatment Plant. [Toronto]: Ontario Environment, 1990.

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Hargrave, W. J. Belleville Water Treatment Plant. [Toronto]: Ontario Environment, 1990.

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Hargrave, W. J. Cornwall Water Treatment Plant. [Toronto]: Ontario Environment, 1990.

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Hargrave, W. J. Kingston Water Treatment Plant. [Toronto]: Ontario Environment, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pharmaceutical water treatment plant"

1

Chapman, Richard G. "Water Treatment." In Power Plant Engineering, 464–520. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0427-2_15.

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Spellman, Frank R. "Water Treatment Operations." In Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, 439–96. 4th edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003038351-19.

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Yong, Ee Ling. "Wet Air Oxidation Processes: A Pretreatment to Enhance the Biodegrability of Pharmaceutical Wastewater." In Sustainable Water Treatment, 113–22. Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, [2017].: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315116792-7.

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Hameedi, Mohammad Jawed. "The ballast water treatment plant." In Environmental Studies in Port Valdez, Alaska: A Basis for Management, 17–38. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ln024p0016.

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Chen, R., and K. Crowell. "Waste water treatment in the pharmaceutical industry." In Handbook of Downstream Processing, 688–704. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1563-3_26.

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Sallach, Robert C., John W. Olver, Paul R. Jenkins, and Douglas B. Hudgins. "Treatment and Reuse of Pharmaceutical Process Water." In Hazardous and Industrial Waste Proceedings, 291–92. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003075905-38.

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Burris, Bruce, and James Smith. "Management of Water Treatment Plant Residuals." In Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment, 543–82. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784407417.ch30.

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Spellman, Frank R. "Plant Security." In Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, 27–58. 4th edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003038351-4.

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Nguyen, Dinh Huan, Phuoc Cuong Le, and M. A. Latifi. "Wastewater Treatment Plant Optimization: Case Study of Benchmark Plant." In Sustainable Development of Water and Environment, 117–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45263-6_11.

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Spellman, Frank R. "Water Microbiology." In Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, 301–26. 4th edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003038351-13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pharmaceutical water treatment plant"

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Sheng, Chenguang, A. G. Agwu Nnanna, Yanghe Liu, and John D. Vargo. "Removal of Pharmaceutical Contaminants in Water." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53240.

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Pharmaceutical contaminants in drinking water could potentially lead to increasing risks of heart attacks, organ damage, mental health and even cancer. Because their presence, frequency of occurrence, or source may not be known, the chemicals being discovered in water that previously had not been detected or are being detected at levels that may be significantly different than expected. Removal of emerging contaminants is considered recently to be one of the most important processes within advanced Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs) system. EPA is working to improve its understanding of a number of emerging contaminants, particularly pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). The objectives of this research are: 1) to identify the presence of selected emerging contaminants (Acetaminophen, Bezafibrate, Caffeine, Carbamazepine, Cotinine, Diclofenac, Gemfibrozil, Ibuprofen, Metoprolol, Naproxen, Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfamethazine, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfathiazole, Triclosan and Trimethoprim). These contaminants were selected based on analyte selection criteria such as occurrence and availability of analytical standards, chronological ecotoxicity and environment relevance concentration, volume of use, and priority ranking, as well as literature survey on environmental occurrence studies in local WWTPs; 2) to estimate the corresponding WWTPs’ removal efficiency; and the third objective is to evaluate the feasibility of applying ultra-filtration (UF) membrane combined with pretreatments — powder activated carbon (PAC), coagulation, and sand filtration to remove the above emerging contaminants. This paper appraises the efficacy of ultra-filtration membrane coupled pretreatments to mitigate the presence of pharmaceutical contaminants in water. This work is a sequel to an earlier work, Liu et al., published in 2014 ASME-IMECE conference proceedings. In this study, water samples were analyzed using direct aqueous injection High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) detection. Through the project research period, both historical concentrations from WWTPs and experimental removal efficiency data were obtained. Results showed that conventional WWTP failed to remove Carbamazepine, Diclofenac and Trimethoprim, and in some cases, the concentration of these contaminants at the effluent were higher than influent concentration. Secondly, the ultrafiltration membrane system by itself was insufficient to remove the selected contaminants. However, the use of PAC as a pretreatment to the UF system was effective in removing most of the contaminants, and the removal efficiency was a function of PAC dosage. Results indicated that there is an optimum dosage where the removal efficiency must be balanced with the cost of PAC. Unlike PAC, coagulation coupled with filtration process, was not able to increase the contaminants removal efficiency significantly. Additionally, the historical data indicated there was no dramatic fluctuation of the target contaminants level during the 12-month monitoring period.
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Goodson, Kenya L., Robert Pitt, Sam Subramaniam, and Shirley Clark. "Evaluation of the Treatability of Pharmaceuticals, PAHs, and Pesticides during Wet Weather Flows in a Wastewater Treatment Plant." In World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.362.

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Liu, Yanghe, Chenguang Sheng, and George Agbai Nnanna. "Detection of Selected Pharmaceutical Contaminants and Removal Efficiency of Emerging Contaminants by Application of Membrane Filtration Technology." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36906.

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Removal of emerging contaminants is considered to be one of the most important processes within advanced Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs) system. Pharmaceutical contaminants in drinking water could potentially lead to human’s increasing risks of heart attacks, organ damage, mental health and even cancer. This paper investigates the emerging contaminant removal efficiencies of technologies employed by local WWTPs. After determining the presence of selected emerging contaminants (17β-estradiol, Acetaminophen, Carbamazepine, Diclofenac, Erythromycin, Estrone, Bezafibrate, Fluoxetine, Gemfibrozil, Ibuprofen, Lincomycin, Metoprolol, Naproxen, Ofloxacin, Sulfamethoxazole and Triclosan) in the waterbodies within the watershed of Lake Michigan in Northwest Indiana (NWI). Three of the contaminants above are chosen for lab experiments by considering their effects on human’s health and environment. A membrane filtration experiment is conducted in Purdue Water Institute (PWI) as preliminary studies on the removal of selected emerging contaminants. Meanwhile, application of Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) and simulation of coagulation/flocculation are designed as combined experiment with membrane filtration for evaluation of feasibility of using these techniques.
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Rahman, Sarker, and Tarek Zayed. "Performance of Water Treatment Plant Elements." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)197.

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Ferguson, Rachael, Brian Milne, Oliver Bradshaw, Simon Hare, and Cathy Fuchs. "Shetland Gas Plant - Effluent Water Treatment." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/186140-ms.

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Tchórzewska-Cieślak, B., D. Papciak, P. Koszelnik, J. Kaleta, A. Puszkarewicz, and M. Kida. "Safety analysis of water supply to water treatment plant." In The Fifth National Congress of Environmental Engineering. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315281971-2.

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Sen, Dheeraj, Hemant Soni, Kamlesh Rawat, Rakshita Dhar, Shahrukh Khan, and Faruk Kazi. "Fuzzy Logic Controller Operated Water Treatment Plant." In 2019 International Conference on Power Electronics, Control and Automation (ICPECA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpeca47973.2019.8975386.

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Armus, Rakhmad, Fatmawati, Sappewali, C. Selry Tanri, Muhlis, Sitti Aminah, Ismail Marzuki, and Abdul Hayat Kasim. "Effectiveness of waste water treatment plant hotel." In THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BASIC SCIENCES 2021 (ICBS 2021). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0111976.

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Lagu, Sonali S., and Sanjay B. Deshmukh. "Raspberry Pi for automation of water treatment plant." In 2014 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacci.2014.6968633.

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Lagu, Sonali S., and Sanjay B. Deshmukh. "Raspberry Pi for Automation of Water Treatment Plant." In 2015 International Conference on Computing Communication Control and automation(ICCUBEA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccubea.2015.109.

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Reports on the topic "Pharmaceutical water treatment plant"

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Chefetz, Benny, and Jon Chorover. Sorption and Mobility of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Soils Irrigated with Treated Wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7592117.bard.

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Research into the fate of pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) in the environment has focused on aspects of removal efficiency during sewage treatment, degradation in surface water and accumulation in soils and sediments. However, very little information is available on the binding interactions of pharmaceuticals with dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from wastewater treatment. Such interactions can significantly affect the transport potential of PCs in soils by altering compound affinity for soil particle surfaces. Our primary hypothesis is that the transport potential of PCs in soils is strongly impacted by the type and strength of interaction with DOM and the stability of resulting DOM-PC complexes. The overarching goal of the proposed work is to develop a better understanding of the risk associated with introduction of PCs into the environment with treated wastewater. This goal has been achieved by elucidating the mechanisms of the interaction of selected pharmaceuticals (that have shown to be widespread wastewater contaminants) with DOM constituents; by determining the stability and fate of DOM-PC complexes introduced to soils and soil constituents; and by evaluating the potential uptake of these compounds by plants. Based on the results obtained in this study (column and batch sorption-desorption experiments), we suggest that PCs can be classified as slow-mobile compounds in SOM-rich soil layers. When these compounds pass this layer and/or are introduced into SOM-poor soils, their mobility increases significantly. Our data suggest that in semiarid soils (consisting of low SOM), PCs can potentially be transported to the groundwater in fields irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Moreover, the higher mobility of the acid PCs (i.e., naproxen and diclofenac) in freshwater column systems suggests that their residues in soils irrigated with reclaimed wastewater can leach from the root zone and be transported to the groundwater after rain events. Our data obtained from the binding experiments of PCs with DOM demonstrate that the hydrophobic DOM fractions were more efficient at sorbing PCs than the more polar hydrophilic fractions at a pH near the pKa of the analytes. At the pH of natural semiarid water and soil systems, including that of reclaimed wastewater and biosolids, the role of the hydrophobic fractions as sorption domains is less important than the contribution of the hydrophilic fractions. We also hypothesize that the DOM fractions interact with each other at the molecular level and do not act as independent sorption domains. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project demonstrate that the sorption abilities of the DOM fractions can also significantly affect the mobility of pharmaceutical compounds in soils influenced by intensive irrigation with treated wastewater or amended with biosolids.
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2

Chefetz, Benny, and Jon Chorover. Sorption and Mobility of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Soils Irrigated with Treated Wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7709883.bard.

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Abstract:
Research into the fate of pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) in the environment has focused on aspects of removal efficiency during sewage treatment, degradation in surface water and accumulation in soils and sediments. However, very little information is available on the binding interactions of pharmaceuticals with dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from wastewater treatment. Such interactions can significantly affect the transport potential of PCs in soils by altering compound affinity for soil particle surfaces. Our primary hypothesis is that the transport potential of PCs in soils is strongly impacted by the type and strength of interaction with DOM and the stability of resulting DOM-PC complexes. The overarching goal of the proposed work is to develop a better understanding of the risk associated with introduction of PCs into the environment with treated wastewater. This goal has been achieved by elucidating the mechanisms of the interaction of selected pharmaceuticals (that have shown to be widespread wastewater contaminants) with DOM constituents; by determining the stability and fate of DOM-PC complexes introduced to soils and soil constituents; and by evaluating the potential uptake of these compounds by plants. Based on the results obtained in this study (column and batch sorption-desorption experiments), we suggest that PCs can be classified as slow-mobile compounds in SOM-rich soil layers. When these compounds pass this layer and/or are introduced into SOM-poor soils, their mobility increases significantly. Our data suggest that in semiarid soils (consisting of low SOM), PCs can potentially be transported to the groundwater in fields irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Moreover, the higher mobility of the acid PCs (i.e., naproxen and diclofenac) in freshwater column systems suggests that their residues in soils irrigated with reclaimed wastewater can leach from the root zone and be transported to the groundwater after rain events. Our data obtained from the binding experiments of PCs with DOM demonstrate that the hydrophobic DOM fractions were more efficient at sorbing PCs than the more polar hydrophilic fractions at a pH near the pKa of the analytes. At the pH of natural semiarid water and soil systems, including that of reclaimed wastewater and biosolids, the role of the hydrophobic fractions as sorption domains is less important than the contribution of the hydrophilic fractions. We also hypothesize that the DOM fractions interact with each other at the molecular level and do not act as independent sorption domains. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project demonstrate that the sorption abilities of the DOM fractions can also significantly affect the mobility of pharmaceutical compounds in soils influenced by intensive irrigation with treated wastewater or amended with biosolids.
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3

Everett, Randy L., Tom Mayer, Malynda A. Cappelle, William E. ,. Jr Holub, Howard L. ,. Jr Anderson, Susan Jeanne Altman, Frank McDonald, and Allan Richard Sattler. Nanofiltration treatment options for thermoelectric power plant water treatment demands. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1051721.

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4

Borch, Thomas, Yitzhak Hadar, and Tamara Polubesova. Environmental fate of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: Biodegradation, complexation, and photodegradation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597927.bard.

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Many pharmaceutical compounds are active at very low doses, and a portion of them regularly enters municipal sewage systems and wastewater-treatment plants following use, where they often do not fully degrade. Two such compounds, CBZ and LTG, have been detected in wastewater effluents, surface waters, drinking water, and irrigation water, where they pose a risk to the environment and the food supply. These compounds are expected to interact with organic matter in the environment, but little is known about the effect of such interactions on their environmental fate and transport. The original objectives of our research, as defined in the approved proposal, were to: Determine the rates, mechanisms and products of photodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites in waters exposed to near UV light, and the influence of DOM type and binding processes on photodegradation. Determine the potential and pathways for biodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites using a white rot fungus (Pleurotusostreatus) and ADP, and reveal the effect of DOM complexation on these processes. Reveal the major mechanisms of binding of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to DOM and soil in the presence of DOM, and evaluate the effect of this binding on their photodegradation and/or biodegradation. We determined that LTG undergoes relatively slow photodegradation when exposed to UV light, and that pH affects each of LTG’s ability to absorb UV light, the efficiency of the resulting reaction, and the identities of LTG’sphotoproducts (t½ = 230 to 500 h during summer at latitude 40 °N). We observed that LTG’sphotodegradation is enhanced in the presence of DOM, and hypothesized that LTG undergoes direct reactions with DOM components through nucleophilic substitution reactions. In combination, these data suggest that LTG’s fate and transport in surface waters are controlled by environmental conditions that vary with time and location, potentially affecting the environment and irrigation waters. We determined that P. ostreatusgrows faster in a rich liquid medium (glucose peptone) than on a natural lignocellulosic substrate (cotton stalks) under SSF conditions, but that the overall CBZ removal rate was similar in both media. Different and more varied transformation products formed in the solid state culture, and we hypothesized that CBZ degradation would proceed further when P. ostreatusand the ᵉⁿᶻʸᵐᵃᵗⁱᶜ ᵖʳᵒᶠⁱˡᵉ ʷᵉʳᵉ ᵗᵘⁿᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ˡⁱᵍⁿⁱⁿ ᵈᵉᵍʳᵃᵈᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ. ᵂᵉ ᵒᵇˢᵉʳᵛᵉᵈ ¹⁴C⁻Cᴼ2 ʳᵉˡᵉᵃˢᵉ ʷʰᵉⁿ ¹⁴C⁻ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿʸˡ⁻ labeled CBZ was used as the substrate in the solid state culture (17.4% of the initial radioactivity after 63 days of incubation), but could not conclude that mineralization had occurred. In comparison, we determined that LTG does not degrade in agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewater, but that P. ostreatusremoves up to 70% of LTG in a glucose peptone medium. We detected various metabolites, including N-oxides and glycosides, but are still working to determine the degradation pathway. In combination, these data suggest that P. ostreatuscould be an innovative and effective tool for CBZ and LTG remediation in the environment and in wastewater used for irrigation. In batch experiments, we determined that the sorption of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to agricultural soils was governed mainly by SOM levels. In lysimeter experiments, we also observed LTG and CBZ accumulation in top soil layers enriched with organic matter. However, we detected CBZ and one of its metabolites in rain-fed wheat previously irrigated with treated wastewater, suggesting that their sorption was reversible, and indicating the potential for plant uptake and leaching. Finally, we used macroscale analyses (including adsorption/desorption trials and resin-based separations) with molecular- level characterization by FT-ICR MS to demonstrate the adsorptive fractionation of DOM from composted biosolids by mineral soil. This suggests that changes in soil and organic matter types will influence the extent of LTG and CBZ sorption to agricultural soils, as well as the potential for plant uptake and leaching.
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5

Johnston, Angelina, Kevin O'Connor, and Todd Criswell. Sadr City R3 Water Treatment Plant Baghdad, Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada509338.

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6

MacDonald, James D., Aharon Abeliovich, Manuel C. Lagunas-Solar, David Faiman, and John Kabshima. Treatment of Irrigation Effluent Water to Reduce Nitrogenous Contaminants and Plant Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568092.bard.

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The contamination of surface and subterranean drinking water supplies with nitrogen-laden agricultural wastewater is a problem of increasing concern in the U.S. and Israel. Through this research, we found that bacteria could utilize common organic wastes (e.g. paper, straw, cotton) as carbon sources under anaerobic conditions, and reduce nitrate concentrations in wastewater to safe levels. Two species of bacteria, Cellulomonas uda and a Comamonas sp., were required for dentitrification. Celulomonas uda degraded cellulose and reduced nitrate to nitrite. In addition, it excreted soluble organic carbon needed as a food source by the Comamonas sp. for completion of denitrification. We also found that recirculated irrigation water contains substantial amounts of fungal inoculum, and that irrigating healthy plants with such water leads to significant levels of root infection. Water can be disinfected with UV, but our experiments showed that Hg-vapor lamps do not possess sufficient energy to kill spores in wastewater containing dissolved organics. Excimer lasers and Xenon flashlamps do possess the needed power levels, but only the laser had a high enough repetition rate to reliably treat large volumes of water. Ozone was highly efficacious, but it's use as a water treatment is probably best suited to moderate or low volume irrigation systems. This research provides critical data needed for the design of effective water denitrification and/or pathogen disinfection systems for different growing operations.
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7

Latham, Mark A., Rolfe D. Mandel, and Eric Peterson. Phase II Archaeological and Geomorphological Investigation Water Treatment Plant Upgrade, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada407579.

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8

Lewis, Mike. Recycled Water Reuse Permit Renewal Application for the Central Facilities Area Sewage Treatment Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1170311.

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9

Johnston, Angelina, Kevin O'Connor, and Yogin Rawal. Right Bank Drinking Water Treatment Plant Rehabilitation. Commander's Emergency Response Program, Ninewa Governorate, Iraq. Sustainment Assessment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada529182.

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10

Anderson, M. S., and S. J. Weeks. Performance acceptance test of a portable instrument to detect uranium in water at the DOE Advanced Waste Water Treatment Plant, Fernald, Ohio. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/537304.

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