Journal articles: 'Pharmaceutical producers'

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Sridharan, Perumal. "Multinational Diversification and Pharmaceutical Units Performance: Evidence from Indian Firms." Ushus - Journal of Business Management 12, no. 3 (July 7, 2013): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.24.5.

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This paper examines the performance of select Foreign Direct Invested (FDI) assisted pharmaceutical units in India for the period from 1st April 1999 to 31st March 2008. The dataset has been retrieved from CMIE Prowess database and Organization of Pharmaceuticals Producers of India (OPPI) for 23 FDI assisted pharmaceutical units and evaluated through

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Mance, Davor, Nenad Vretenar, and Antonija Gudelj. "Mergers and Acquisitions as a Consequence of Declining Innovation Productivity in Pharmaceuticals: Evidence from Croatia." Mednarodno inovativno poslovanje = Journal of Innovative Business and Management 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32015/jibm/2020-12-1-1.

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Declining productivity of pharmaceutical innovation resulted in an increased number of mergers & acquisitions in the pharmaceutical industry. Increased investments into research & development lack the resulting increases in patentable new substances. As a result, the once market leaders are not buying their followers, but the generics producers are buying unsuccessful innovators. We show the case of Pliva: once regional pharma leader that declined into a generics producer's subsidiary. The Pliva sought new ideas by acquiring several research centres. After these acquisitions produced no visible results, the company itself was a target, first by another unsuccessful R&D based company and lastly, by a successful generics producer.

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Iyengar, Renganthan. "PHARMACEUTICAL PRICING POLICY AND CONTROL– INDIAN PERSPECTIVE." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.14461.

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ABSTRACTPharmaceutical sector is playing a vital role towards the wellness of the people and economic development of India. The innovation, development, production and marketing of medicines are accountable to pharmaceutical industry. Drugs and pharmaceuticals, healthcare delivery, medical devices among others come under the purview of healthcare sector. It is the duty of the Government to ensure the availability of the lifesaving drugs at reasonable prices by means of considering the interest of both the producers and the buyers. In order to safeguard the public health, National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) is the watchdog in India, which controls the prices of drugs.Keywords: Pharmaceutical sector, Price, Drugs, Regulator,NPPA,DPCO

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Derenska, Yana. "Approaches to project portfolio formation by pharmaceutical products producers." Economic Annals-ХХI 176, no. 3-4 (August 20, 2019): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v176-10.

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Mamedyarov, Z. A. "Pharmaceutical Industry Development in the Midst of Crisis: Global Trends." MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research) 11, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2020.11.4.398-408.

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Purpose: the main purpose of the article was to study the trends in the global pharmaceutical industry, as one of the most knowledge-intensive in the world economy, against the background of the 2020 COVID-related crisis. The task was to study the impact of the economic crisis on the priorities of the largest pharmaceutical multinationals, to link them with trends in the restructuring of health care systems, as well as to analyze and assess the potential impact of Brexit on the European pharma industry, starting from 2021.Methods: the work is based on a comparative analysis of trends in the restructuring of global value chains in pharmaceuticals, the digitalization of pharmaceuticals and health care, as well as a quantitative analysis of the revenue and value added by the largest European pharmaceutical multinational companies.Results: the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of digitalization of big pharma; the intensified transition to a continuous production model can be expected in the coming years. Also, the second largest industry market, the EU-27, will suffer less from Brexit than the UK itself, and industries in developing countries will benefit from additional growth opportunities. The digitalization of healthcare remains an important underlying factor for the transformation of pharmaceuticals and further growth of innovation competition. This paper presents the problems of pharma and how to address them, as well as possible ways to restructure healthcare systems to reduce the likelihood of new pandemics – this will be at the heart of regulatory solutions in the medium term.Conclusions and Relevance: governments and state regulators will be actively involved in the process of recovery of the pharmaceutical industry after the crisis. For small regional pharmaceutical producers in developing countries there is a growing need to digitalize production and diversify supply chains. Implementation of continuous production technologies allows expecting growth in the number of small pharmaceutical producers, deepening competition in the industry. The Brexit deal will also have significant implications for the industry, leading to a restructuring of supply chains within the EU from early 2021, reducing the UK's competitiveness.

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Curti, Andrea M. "The WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding: An Unlikely Weapon in the Fight Against AIDS." American Journal of Law & Medicine 27, no. 4 (2001): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800008224.

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One of the most controversial aspects of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is its trade policy governing pharmaceutical products that treat AIDS and other diseases. Critics contend that the WTO unreasonably restricts the trade of pharmaceuticals in order to protect the profit margin of western drug producers at the expense of infected populations in developing countries. Supporters of the WTO's trade policy argue that protecting the intellectual property (IP) rights of pharmaceutical products is essential to providing an incentive for further drug research and development.

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Zhou, Lilong, Chen Ma, Jonathan Horlyck, Runjing Liu, and Jimmy Yun. "Development of Pharmaceutical VOCs Elimination by Catalytic Processes in China." Catalysts 10, no. 6 (June 13, 2020): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10060668.

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As a byproduct of emerging as one of the world’s key producers of pharmaceuticals, China is now challenged by the emission of harmful pharmaceutical VOCs. In this review, the catalogue and volume of VOCs emitted by the pharmaceutical industry in China was introduced. The commonly used VOC removal processes and technologies was recommended by some typical examples. The progress of catalytic combustion, photocatalytic oxidation, non-thermal plasma, and electron beam treatment were presented, especially the development of catalysts. The advantages and shortages of these technologies in recent years were discussed and analyzed. Lastly, the development of VOCs elimination technologies and the most promising technology were discussed.

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Hondius, Ewoud H. "A Dutch DES case: Pharmaceutical Producers Jointly and Severally Liable." European Review of Private Law 2, Issue 3/4 (December 1, 1994): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl1994044.

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Kokkini, Maria, Cristina González Heredia, Daniel Oves-Costales, Mercedes de la Cruz, Pilar Sánchez, Jesús Martín, Francisca Vicente, Olga Genilloud, and Fernando Reyes. "Exploring Micromonospora as Phocoenamicins Producers." Marine Drugs 20, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20120769.

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Over the past few years, new technological and scientific advances have reinforced the field of natural product discovery. The spirotetronate class of natural products has recently grown with the discovery of phocoenamicins, natural actinomycete derived compounds that possess different antibiotic activities. Exploring the MEDINA’s strain collection, 27 actinomycete strains, including three marine-derived and 24 terrestrial strains, were identified as possible phocoenamicins producers and their taxonomic identification by 16S rDNA sequencing showed that they all belong to the Micromonospora genus. Using an OSMAC approach, all the strains were cultivated in 10 different media each, resulting in 270 fermentations, whose extracts were analyzed by LC-HRMS and subjected to High-throughput screening (HTS) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra and Mycobacterium bovis. The combination of LC-UV-HRMS analyses, metabolomics analysis and molecular networking (GNPS) revealed that they produce several related spirotetronates not disclosed before. Variations in the culture media were identified as the most determining factor for phocoenamicin production and the best producer strains and media were established. Herein, we reported the chemically diverse production and metabolic profiling of Micromonospora sp. strains, including the known phocoenamicins and maklamicin, reported for the first time as being related to this family of compounds, as well as the bioactivity of their crude extracts. Although our findings do not confirm previous statements about phocoenamicins production only in unique marine environments, they have identified marine-derived Micromonospora species as the best producers of phocoenamicins in terms of both the abundance in their extracts of some major members of the structural class and the variety of molecular structures produced.

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Sadek, Md Abu Zafor. "Pharmaceutical Plastic Packaging Market in Bangladesh: A Study on Demand-Supply Scenario and Strategic Imperatives for Local Enterprises." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 3 (February 21, 2017): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n3p232.

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Pharmaceutical packaging is highly sophisticated industry as quality and safety issues are of utmost priority. Use of advanced technology and high grade plastic materials for pharmaceutical packaging is essence of the market success. In Bangladesh, 30 local pharmaceuticals plastic packaging material producers are capturing almost 70% of the local market while the rest (30%) that require extremely high-tech processing is import dependent. Nevertheless, some local plastic companies are setting up world-class dedicated plant for pharmaceutical plastic packaging, while some pharmaceutical companies such as Square and Acme are extending their facility into backward value segment of the plastic packaging industry. This study strives to determine the market size, major players of the industry–both from supply and demand sides–along with individual contribution in terms of value. It also outlines strategic imperatives for growth and competitiveness of the enterprises involved in the industry.

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Rao, Nagaraj N. "CHALLENGES FOR GENERIC DRUG PRODUCERS." INDIAN DRUGS 55, no. 11 (November 28, 2018): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.55.11.p0005.

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In the fiercely competitive global market for generic drugs, the complexities and interconnectivities come to the fore when a drug is recalled. In recent months, as you may be aware, the sartans (also known as AT1 receptor antagonists, angiotensin II receptor blockers/antagonists) have come into the limelight due to the recall of some of them from the regulated markets of USA and Europe.

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Lee, Chang-soo, and Mikyung Yun. "Accounting of gross exports and tracing foreign values in the global pharmaceutical value chain." Journal of Korea Trade 22, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 348–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkt-02-2018-0008.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to document for the first time the vertical specialization structure of the global pharmaceutical value chain. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts Wang et al.’s (2013) gross exports decomposition method to trace foreign values in bilateral trade between major pharmaceutical producers, using the 2014 WIOT database. Findings The paper shows that as in other sectoral value chains, the pharmaceutical value chain is heavily regional. The paper identifies a strong European regional value chain, and a less intensive, Asian regional value chain. Korea is positioned in the middle of the Asian value chain, and is connected to the European regional value chain as a second-tier supplier. Originality/value The paper documents the vertical specialization structure of the global pharmaceutical value chain through gross exports decomposition method, making use of the World Input–Output Table Database 2014 which disaggregates pharmaceuticals in its industry classification for the first time.

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Khan, Diwan Mahmood, I. Venkatakrishna Rao, and M. S. Moosabba. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GELATINASE ACTIVITY AND PELLICLE FORMATION AMONG EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE AND NON-EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE PRODUCING ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII FROM DIABETIC FOOT ULCER INFECTIONS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i9.28336.

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Objective: The aim of the study was to assess and compare the gelatinase activity and pellicle formation in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and non-ESBL producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from diabetic foot ulcer infection (DFI).Methods: A total of 42 isolates of A. baumannii recovered from patients of DFI from September 2016 to February 2018. Isolates were identified by the standard microbiological method and confirmed by the BD Phoenix 100 system. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and ESBL was detected by double disk diffusion synergy test method. Gelatinase production was determined by the Luria Bertani agar supplemented with 30 g/L gelatin, and pellicle formation was determined by the Mueller-Hinton broth which is incubated at two different temperatures.Results: A total of 42 A. baumannii isolates were multidrug resistant. Among 21 isolates, each was ESBL and non-ESBL producers. Pellicle formation at 25°C in ESBL and non-ESBL producer isolates was 47.61% (10/21) and 28.57% (06/21). Pellicle formation at 37°C in ESBL and non-ESBL producer isolates was 57.14% (12/21) and 42.85% (09/21), respectively. Gelatinase production was present in 38.09% ESBL and 28.57% in non-ESBL producers. ESBL strains were more virulent compared to non-ESBL producers among patients of DFIs.Conclusion: This study showed that pellicle formation at 37°C was highly virulent due to ESBL producers. Gelatinase production was elevated in ESBL compared to non-ESBL producer isolates. This attribute of the isolates could render ESBL positive more pathogenic. Colistin and polymyxin B are the only choices of treatment for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections.

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čertík, M., Z. Adamechová, V. Hanusová, and E. Breierová. "Biotechnology as a useful tool for nutritional improvement of cereal-based materials enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids and pigments." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.56.2008.4.1.

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The fungi Thamnidium elegans , as a producer of γ-linolenic acid (GLA), and Mortierella alpina , as a producer of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and the yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis and Sporobolomyces roseus , as producers of ß-carotene, torulene and torularhodin, were tested for their ability to utilize cereal substrates during solid state fermentations (SSF). Depending on the strain and conditions, the cereal materials were effectively enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) or carotenoids. These naturally prepared bioproducts could find applications in food, feed, biomedical, pharmaceutical and veterinary fields.

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Kannaiyan, Moorthy, Gedif Meseret Abebe, Chinnasamy Kanimozhi, Punitha Thambidurai, Saranya Ashokapuram Selvam, Raja Vinodhini, and Mickymaray Suresh. "PREVALENCE OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE MEMBERS ISOLATED FROM CLINICALLY SUSPECTED PATIENTS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i5.19363.

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Objective: Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production poses another clinical problem with Gram-negative bacterial infections. The present study was aimed to evaluate the ESBL producers among various clinical samples of clinically suspected patients.Methods: A total of 1279 samples (urine [918], pus [207] and stool [154]) were collected and 465 isolates (Escherichia coli [320], Enterobacter aerogenes [119] and Klebsiella pneumoniae [26]) were isolated and screened for the presence of ESBL producers using combination disc method and double disc synergy test.Results: Of the 465 culture positive isolates, 130 (E. coli 93 [29.06%], E. aerogenes 35 [29.41%] and K. pneumoniae 2 [7.69%]) were identified as ESBL producers. Among the three Enterobacteriaceae members, E. coli 93 (29.06%) was found to be predominant ESBL producer next in order E. aerogenes 35 (29.41%) and K. pneumoniae 2 (7.69%). Maximum number of ESBL producers were recovered from urine (n=111) followed by pus (n=14) and stool (n=5). All the ESBL-producing isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using 10 different antibiotics. ESBL producers were chiefly resistance to ceftriaxone followed by ceftazidime and cefotaxime. Of 130 ESBL producers, 15 (E. coli (8), E. aerogenes (6) and K. pneumoniae (1)] strains were selected for genotypic identification. Among, only two strains of E. aerogenes were positive isolates for CTX-M type ESBL in polymerase chain reaction.Conclusion: This study concluded that among Enterobacteriaceae members, E. coli was the predominant ESBL producers and urine was noted as the prime source for the ESBL positive isolates when compared to other source. Genotypic identification was the best method to differentiate ESBL types which were essential to provide proper treatment.

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GODLEY, ANDREW, MARRISA JOSEPH, and DAVID LESLIE-HUGHES. "Technology Transfer in the Interwar U.S. Pharmaceutical Sector: The Case of E. Merck of Darmstadt and Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey." Enterprise & Society 20, no. 3 (June 7, 2019): 613–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2018.97.

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This is a case study of the U.S. pharmaceutical producer, Merck & Co. By 1940 this was one of the leading pharmaceutical producers in the United States, and the company went on to become one of the global industry leaders after World War II. It was founded in 1891 as the U.S. subsidiary of a much larger German pharmaceutical company, E. Merck of Darmstadt. The existing understanding of Merck & Co.’s history emphasizes how it was reacquired by the American branch of the Merck family after wartime sequestration, and from then onward it pursued a path of development separate from its former parent. This article revisits that history of the company and shows how the two Mercks began to cooperate and share technology and manufacturing know-how during the 1930s, something that was particularly to the advantage of Merck & Co.

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Romanova, Svetlana. "Steps to success: changes in the ranking of pharmaceutical producers in 2012." Remedium. Journal about the Russian market of medicines and medical equipment, no. 6 (2013): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1561-5936-2013-6-69-74.

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Romanova, Svetlana. "Steps to Success: changes in the ranking of pharmaceutical producers in 2013." Remedium. Journal about the Russian market of medicines and medical equipment, no. 6 (2014): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1561-5936-2014-6-60-65.

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Pyatigorskaya, Natalia, Andrei Meshkovski, Zhanna Aladysheva, Valery Beregovykh, Vasily Belyaev, Natalia Ivashechkova, and Marina Shabalina. "Export Potential of the Russian Pharmaceutical Market and its Prospects." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.27766.

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Export of medicines is one of the most profitable businesses, which attracts the attention of an increasing number of producers. The international medicines’ trade largely depends on national or regional regulatory mechanisms. In addition, the export terms and conditions differ for various categories of medicines. Innovative drugs account for the main share of the global medicines’ export. Therefore, export of innovative drugs developed in Russia to advanced countries is the most economically profitable direction. Export of generic drugs can bring considerable revenue to the producer and the state, but import substitution by releasing generic drugs weakens the innovative direction of studies and production. The import substitution policy targets manufacturers of medicines to produce generic drugs, as well as products intended, mainly or exclusively, for sale within the country. One of the ways to improve the efficiency of the entire pharmaceutical sector is international cooperation.

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Gudzenko, A. A., V. V. Shapovalov, V. А. Shapovalova, and V. V. Shapovalov. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL, FORENSIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCHES OF PHARMACEUTICAL PROVISION FOR MENTAL DISORDERS OF VICTIMS IN THE EMERGENCIES AT REGIONAL LEVEL." Likarska sprava, no. 7-8 (December 30, 2018): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31640/jvd.7-8.2018(24).

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The article contains a regional list of medicines for pharmaceutical provision of mental disorders of victims of emergency situations. The assortment of medicinal products in circulation on the regional pharmaceutical market according to the international non-patented names is presented. The registration data of the researched medicinal remedies are systematized. The data about the producers and pharmaceutical forms of medicinal products are analyzed. According to the current legislation the control of the medicines necessary for the pharmaceutical correction of mental disorders is determined.

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Gudzenko, A. A., V. V. Shapovalov, V. А. Shapovalova, and V. V. Shapovalov. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL, FORENSIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCHES OF PHARMACEUTICAL PROVISION FOR MENTAL DISORDERS OF VICTIMS IN THE EMERGENCIES AT REGIONAL LEVEL." Likarska sprava, no. 7-8 (December 30, 2018): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31640/vd.7-8.2018(24).

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The article contains a regional list of medicines for pharmaceutical provision of mental disorders of victims of emergency situations. The assortment of medicinal products in circulation on the regional pharmaceutical market according to the international non-patented names is presented. The registration data of the researched medicinal remedies are systematized. The data about the producers and pharmaceutical forms of medicinal products are analyzed. According to the current legislation the control of the medicines necessary for the pharmaceutical correction of mental disorders is determined.

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Springer, Lena. "Collectors, Producers, and Circulators of Tibetan and Chinese Medicines in Sichuan Province." Asian Medicine 10, no. 1-2 (October 3, 2015): 177–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341357.

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The act of prescribing pharmaceutical drugs to patients is normally the site of judgements about the drug’s efficacy and safety. The success of treatments and the licences for commodities depend on the biochemical identity of the drugs and of their path and transformations inside the body. However, the ‘supply chain’ outside the body is eschewed by such discourse, and its importance for both pharmaceutical brands and physician-centred historiographies is ignored. As this ethnographic fieldwork on Tibetan and Chinese medicines in Sichuan shows, overlooked social actors ensure reliable knowledge about medicinal things and materials long before patients take their medicine. This paper takes a step back from the final products—clearly defined as ‘Tibetan’ or ‘Chinese’—and introduces those who produce and distribute them. Via observations of particular regimes of circulation and processing, the actions of collecting, manufacturing, transporting, and educating appear as the first and foremost acts of efficacy and safety.

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Burhop, Carsten. "Pharmaceutical Research in Wilhelmine Germany: The Case of E. Merck." Business History Review 83, no. 3 (2009): 475–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000768050000297x.

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This paper offers a detailed case study of the emergence, organization, and development of research and development at E. Merck. During the 1890s, revolutionary changes in the scientific knowledge base, especially the rise of bacteriological research and the entry of dyestuff producers into the pharmaceuticals market, combined with the financial distress Merck was undergoing to force the firm to reorganize pharmaceutical research as a corporate strategy. Consequently, between 1895 and 1898, Merck restructured its in-house research, forming closer ties with universities and other outside inven- tors. Merck depended on these sources to generate new products, while relying on in-house scientists to improve productive efficiency. A spate of new products was launched between the late 1890s and 1905, but, in the following years, resource constraints restricted Merck's innovative capacity.

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Díaz, Patricio A., Gonzalo Álvarez, Gemita Pizarro, Juan Blanco, and Beatriz Reguera. "Lipophilic Toxins in Chile: History, Producers and Impacts." Marine Drugs 20, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20020122.

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A variety of microalgal species produce lipophilic toxins (LT) that are accumulated by filter-feeding bivalves. Their negative impacts on human health and shellfish exploitation are determined by toxic potential of the local strains and toxin biotransformations by exploited bivalve species. Chile has become, in a decade, the world’s major exporter of mussels (Mytilus chilensis) and scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) and has implemented toxin testing according to importing countries’ demands. Species of the Dinophysis acuminata complex and Protoceratium reticulatum are the most widespread and abundant LT producers in Chile. Dominant D. acuminata strains, notwithstanding, unlike most strains in Europe rich in okadaic acid (OA), produce only pectenotoxins, with no impact on human health. Dinophysis acuta, suspected to be the main cause of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning outbreaks, is found in the two southernmost regions of Chile, and has apparently shifted poleward. Mouse bioassay (MBA) is the official method to control shellfish safety for the national market. Positive results from mouse tests to mixtures of toxins and other compounds only toxic by intraperitoneal injection, including already deregulated toxins (PTXs), force unnecessary harvesting bans, and hinder progress in the identification of emerging toxins. Here, 50 years of LST events in Chile, and current knowledge of their sources, accumulation and effects, are reviewed. Improvements of monitoring practices are suggested, and strategies to face new challenges and answer the main questions are proposed.

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Romanova, Svetlana. "Steps to success: changes in the ranking of pharmaceutical producers in Q4 2012." Remedium. Journal about the Russian market of medicines and medical equipment, no. 4 (2013): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1561-5936-2013-4-66-70.

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Fischer, Benedikt, and Rebecca Haines-Saah. "Reflections on the Impending Lawsuits by Governments Against Pharmaceutical Opioid Producers in Canada." Canadian Journal of Addiction 11, no. 3 (September 2020): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cxa.0000000000000088.

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Honcharenko, D. O. "The Pharmaceutical Industry in New EU Member States: A Statistical Comparison with Germany. Lessons for Ukraine." Statistics of Ukraine 92, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.2(93)2021.02.03.

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Pharmaceutical production is a strategic sector of the EU economy. The authorities of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries that became EU members in 2004 have been building up domestic pharmaceutical industries for purposes of production and distribution of medical drugs (MDs) and medical products (MPs), on the one hand, and government assistance to business entities and public procurement, on the other. The article’s objective is to assess the change in economic performance of the pharmaceutical industry in Poland, Hungary and Czechia after their accession to EU, to make a comparative statistical analysis with Germany, the leader of pharmaceutical production in EU, and to reveal key problems of this industry development in CEE countries, in order to elaborate recommendations for Ukraine on replication of best practices and avoidance of potential risks. Results of research show that pharmaceutical producers (group 54 SITC Rev.4) in CEE countries have been focusing mostly on EU market, with Germany being their main partner. The turnover of high tech pharmaceutical goods in CEE countries has significantly grown after the accession to EU, along with the significantly grown imports of these goods and the increasing negative trade balance. Pharmaceutical companies in CEE countries could increase the salaries and the apparent labor productivity, but the gap between them and Germany in salary and productivity terms still remains too wide. In the studied CEE countries there has been significant increase in pharmaceutical R&D spending, but its estimated share remains quite low compared with average figures for EU (16.1%) and Germany (25.6%). It is substantiated that because the future Agreement between the European Community and Ukraine on conformity assessment and acceptance of industrial products (ACAA agreement, or “Industrial visa-free regime”), which is being negotiated right now, will cover the pharmaceutical industry, the Ukrainian pharmaceutics will gain benefits only given the consolidated endogenous capacities of the industry and firmly established advantages of localization providing stimuli for European companies to create production facilities and R&D centers in Ukraine (including ones for contract-based R&D and productions). It is demonstrated that the inflow of investment and technologies from European pharmaceutical companies is capable of accelerating production start-up and exports of MDs and MPs (as time need not be lost for setting up all the links of the chain), thus adding up to the assets of Ukrainian producers (through transfer of knowledge and skills), but all the above cannot compensate for domestic efforts aimed at creating tangible and intangible assets in the industry. Given its Eurointegration context, Ukraine needs to pursue the policy of increasing the industry’s endogenous capacities and rely on the comprehensive approach (instead of focusing on MDs and MPs) that will cover the following key areas: biological and chemical ingredients, medical equipment, pharmaceutical fillers and packages, equipment and apparatus for pharmaceutical production. This is expected to reduce the dependence of Ukrainian pharmaceutics on imports and eliminate the problem of “truncated industrialization” that can cause structural imbalances, worsen the balance of payments and weaken the national currency.

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Pylaeva, I. S., M. V. Podshivalova, and D. V. Podshivalov. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sustainable development of pharmaceutical companies: Evidence from Russia." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 9, 2022): 86–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2022-10-86-112.

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Nowadays there are two perspectives on the COVID-19 pandemic: it has become a threat to sustainable economic development and the pharmaceutical industry has turned out to be its main beneficiary. The purpose of this article is to empirically verify the correctness of these statements. The data sample consists of 1771 enterprises of Russian pharmaceutical industry over a 14-year period. The methods used consisted of positioning maps and pairwise comparison of the financial indicators for 2020 with the two most severe crises in the Russian economy (2009 and 2015), as well as with the period of the most sustainable development (2007) and the legacy year (2019). In order to assess the uniformity of the pandemic impact on the industry, we identified analytical groups based on the scale of enterprises and life cycle stages. The main result is to reveal the uneven pandemic impact on the sustainable development of pharmaceutical industry producers. Small young companies were the main beneficiaries of the pandemic. The micro-enterprises in the pharmaceutical industry were the most severely affected. However, the analysis has shown that the pandemic was not the main cause of their instability. In addition, the study as a whole proves the presence of a certain stress resistance of domestic pharmaceutical producers to crises of various nature.

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Catic, Tarik, Vedad Tabakovic, Saira Vuk, Hana Bejtovic, Davorka Kopanja, Dina Samardzic, Armin Skrbo, and Izet Masic. "Historical Developments of Bosnia and Herzegovina Pharmaceutical Industry – the Past and the Future Perspectives of Domestic Manufacturing." Materia Socio Medica 34, no. 3 (2022): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/msm.2022.34.228-235.

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Background: History of pharmaceutical industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina has its roots from 1951. Importance of domestic industry not just from economical aspect but also from public health perspective and as scientific base has not been evaluated previously. Objective: The aim of this article was to provide the review of the pharmaceutical industry developments in Bosnia and Herzegovina, its roots, current position and future perspectives.. Methods: Research of published scientific papers as well other documents and archives of pharmaceutical manufacturers has been conducted. We have also analysed market trends focusing on domestic producers. Results and Discussion: Over more than seventy years of B and H pharmaceutical industry has been developing. During Yugoslavia only two companies existed of which one, Bosnalijek is still present, while Sanofarm has been closed. After 1996, expansion of domestic manufacturers started and today six companies are present. They are mainly oriented to generic drugs production in different forms. Total market share of domestic producers in B and H is 20-25% which is relatively low comparing to other countries. Many of domestic manufacturers are exporting their products to some of the most demanding markets in Europe and Middle East. Conclusion: Long history of domestic drug manufacturers in B and H gives solid legacy for future developments. Importance of local producers has been confirmed during war in B and H and COVID-19 pandemic as a crisis situation, mainly from public health perspective and sustainable supply of essential medicines. Higher support by state and collaboration with academia in order to expand portfolio, especially in area of biologic medicines is required in future.

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Romanova, Svetlana. "Steps to Success: changes in the ranking of pharmaceutical producers in quarter II 2014." Remedium. Journal about the Russian market of medicines and medical equipment, no. 11 (2014): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1561-5936-2014-11-78-83.

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Bauer, Ingo, and Stefan Graessle. "Fungal Lysine Deacetylases in Virulence, Resistance, and Production of Small Bioactive Compounds." Genes 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101470.

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The growing number of immunocompromised patients begs for efficient therapy strategies against invasive fungal infections. As conventional antifungal treatment is increasingly hampered by resistance to commonly used antifungals, development of novel therapy regimens is required. On the other hand, numerous fungal species are industrially exploited as cell factories of enzymes and chemicals or as producers of medically relevant pharmaceuticals. Consequently, there is immense interest in tapping the almost inexhaustible fungal portfolio of natural products for potential medical and industrial applications. Both the pathogenicity and production of those small metabolites are significantly dependent on the acetylation status of distinct regulatory proteins. Thus, classical lysine deacetylases (KDACs) are crucial virulence determinants and important regulators of natural products of fungi. In this review, we present an overview of the members of classical KDACs and their complexes in filamentous fungi. Further, we discuss the impact of the genetic manipulation of KDACs on the pathogenicity and production of bioactive molecules. Special consideration is given to inhibitors of these enzymes and their role as potential new antifungals and emerging tools for the discovery of novel pharmaceutical drugs and antibiotics in fungal producer strains.

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De, Somnath, Atanu Pramanik, Aditya Kr Das, Suchismita Paul, Sourav Jana, and Priyanka Pramanik. "Isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus spp. from curd and its pharmacological application in probiotic chocolate." Journal of Phytopharmacology 6, no. 6 (December 28, 2017): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2017.6605.

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The isolated and identified bacteria from curd sample are of Lactobacillus sp. The bacteria of this spp. are lactic acid producers. These sp. resembles to Lactobacillus acidophilus. A probiotic is a microorganism known to be friendly and beneficial to its host when consumed. In today's time, probiotics are a very popular subject of research among scientists and pharmaceutical companies. Due to the over consumption of antibiotics, the normal micro flora of body does not survive. The spores obtained from pharmaceuticals are not good in taste, so generally children avoid eating them, hence we have made the probiotic chocolate. It is better to eat chocolate than medicine. The chocolate containing lyophilized Lactobacillus spp. may help directly for enhancing resistance against intestinal pathogens and in the prevention of diseases.

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Romanova, Svetlana. "Steps to success: changes in the ranking of pharmaceutical producers in the quarter II 2013." Remedium. Journal about the Russian market of medicines and medical equipment, no. 11 (2013): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1561-5936-2013-11-72-77.

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Salikhova, Olena, and Daria Honcharenko. "Challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic to pharmaceutical manufacturing: the EU and Ukraine’s response." Economy and forecasting 2021, no. 3 (November 29, 2021): 88–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2021.03.088.

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The global COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused a shortage of medicines and medical products, as well as pharmaceutical products, especially active pharmaceutical ingredients, has demonstrated Ukraine’s unpreparedness to face such challenges and threats. This encourages the search for effective mechanisms to reduce vulnerability, ensure stability and develop pharmaceutical activities. The purpose of the article is to draw on the experience of the European Union to justify the need to introduce measures of the policy of stimulating the development of pharmaceuticals in Ukraine in order to reduce the dependence of the sector and the healthcare system on imports. To achieve the goal of the article, the authors used analysis and synthesis, logic-dialectic and comparative analysis methods. The article shows the nature and extent of existing dependencies of pharmaceutical production; and identifies features of the EU policy. The EU has been found to have a long history of prioritising and promoting pharmaceutical industry. It is shown that the new EU strategic documents adopted in response to the COVID-19 crisis have laid the foundation for the elimination of the industry’s vulnerabilities and external trade dependencies. For the first time, a conceptual approach to the formation of a dualist state policy and strategy for the development of Ukraine’s high-tech pharmaceutical production was proposed, which is based on synergies and complementary policies between drug policy and industrial policy. This approach is aimed both at stimulating the development and production of new pharmaceuticals based on advanced technologies and reducing the dependence of this country’s healthcare system on imports. Also, the approach aims at enhancing the competitiveness of pharmaceutical production, increased localization through the use of locally produced products, intensifying related activities, ensuring stability of supply of pharmaceutical products and transforming the industry into a strategic asset of growth of the economy, employment, and national security. The authors propose a conceptual approach to defining the priorities and programme tasks of the policy for the development of Ukrainian high-technology pharmaceutical production based on the principles of multi-dimensionality and comprehensiveness, and covering the development and production not only of medicines and medical products, but also of pharmaceutical ingredients (chemical and biotechnological), fillers and packaging materials, equipment and apparatus for pharmaceutical production. The principles of the formation of a strategy for the development of the high-tech pharmaceutical production of Ukraine are justified based on the balance of interests of consumers and producers of pharmaceutical goods with the interests of the State, based on its following goals: to care for the health of the nation, ensure an efficient economic system and social stability; promote the emergence of new effective drugs based on advanced technologies; and reduce dependence on imports and threats to national security.

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Salikhova, Olena, and Daria Honcharenko. "Challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic to pharmaceutical manufacturing: the EU and Ukraine’s response." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2021, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 93–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2021.03.093.

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The global COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused a shortage of medicines and medical products, as well as pharmaceutical products, especially active pharmaceutical ingredients, has demonstrated Ukraine’s unpreparedness to face such challenges and threats. This encourages the search for effective mechanisms to reduce vulnerability, ensure stability and develop pharmaceutical activities. The purpose of the article is to draw on the experience of the European Union to justify the need to introduce measures of the policy of stimulating the development of pharmaceuticals in Ukraine in order to reduce the dependence of the sector and the healthcare system on imports. To achieve the goal of the article, the authors used analysis and synthesis, logic-dialectic and comparative analysis methods. The article shows the nature and extent of existing dependencies of pharmaceutical production; and identifies features of the EU policy. The EU has been found to have a long history of prioritising and promoting pharmaceutical industry. It is shown that the new EU strategic documents adopted in response to the COVID-19 crisis have laid the foundation for the elimination of the industry’s vulnerabilities and external trade dependencies. For the first time, a conceptual approach to the formation of a dualist state policy and strategy for the development of Ukraine’s high-tech pharmaceutical production was proposed, which is based on synergies and complementary policies between drug policy and industrial policy. This approach is aimed both at stimulating the development and production of new pharmaceuticals based on advanced technologies and reducing the dependence of this country’s healthcare system on imports. Also, the approach aims at enhancing the competitiveness of pharmaceutical production, increased localization through the use of locally produced products, intensifying related activities, ensuring stability of supply of pharmaceutical products and transforming the industry into a strategic asset of growth of the economy, employment, and national security. The authors propose a conceptual approach to defining the priorities and programme tasks of the policy for the development of Ukrainian high-technology pharmaceutical production based on the principles of multi-dimensionality and comprehensiveness, and covering the development and production not only of medicines and medical products, but also of pharmaceutical ingredients (chemical and biotechnological), fillers and packaging materials, equipment and apparatus for pharmaceutical production. The principles of the formation of a strategy for the development of the high-tech pharmaceutical production of Ukraine are justified based on the balance of interests of consumers and producers of pharmaceutical goods with the interests of the State, based on its following goals: to care for the health of the nation, ensure an efficient economic system and social stability; promote the emergence of new effective drugs based on advanced technologies; and reduce dependence on imports and threats to national security.

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Masuda, Sachiko. "The trend in patent infringement litigation against generic drugs or biosimilars in Japan." Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector 15, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741134319826338.

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The timing of market entry for generic drugs or biosimilars based on patent expiration is not always clear for producers of generic drugs and biosimilars or brand-name drug companies, because of an uncertainty due to patent infringement, the market environment, and legislation. In Japan, the policy of promoting the use of generic drugs began in the early 2000s, and the government’s target for generic drug use rate is 80% by 2020. In addition to this drastic change in the market environment, changes in legislation have complicated the timing of market entry for generic drugs and biosimilars. Although there is a relatively low number of patent infringement lawsuits filed against producers of generic drugs and biosimilars each year, emerging litigation issues are likely influenced by recent changes in the market environment and legislation. This article provides an overview of recent legislative changes, analyzes the trends in patent infringement litigation, and discusses litigation issues related to the stable supply of generic drugs and biosimilars in Japan. In light of the emerging issues in this field, producers of generic drugs and biosimilars will require more diligence to avoid patent infringement, and institutional reforms are suggested to reduce an increase in patent infringement litigation.

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González, Iván A., Annegrett Palavecino, Constanza Núñez, Paulina Dreyse, Felipe Melo-González, Susan M. Bueno, and Christian Erick Palavecino. "Effective Treatment against ESBL-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae through Synergism of the Photodynamic Activity of Re (I) Compounds with Beta-Lactams." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111889.

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Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase (KPC+) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae are multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) with the highest risk to human health. The significant reduction of new antibiotics development can be overcome by complementing with alternative therapies, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDI). Through photosensitizer (PS) compounds, aPDI produces local oxidative stress-activated by light (photooxidative stress), nonspecifically killing bacteria. Methodology: Bimetallic Re(I)-based compounds, PSRe-µL1 and PSRe-µL2, were tested in aPDI and compared with a Ru(II)-based PS positive control. The ability of PSRe-µL1 and PSRe-µL2 to inhibit K. pneumoniae was evaluated under a photon flux of 17 µW/cm2. In addition, an improved aPDI effect with imipenem on KPC+ bacteria and a synergistic effect with cefotaxime on ESBL producers of a collection of 118 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae was determined. Furthermore, trypan blue exclusion assays determined the PS cytotoxicity on mammalian cells. Results: At a minimum dose of 4 µg/mL, both the PSRe-µL1 and PSRe-µL2 significantly inhibited in 3log10 (>99.9%) the bacterial growth and showed a lethality of 60 and 30 min of light exposure, respectively. Furthermore, they were active on clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae at 3–6 log10. Additionally, a remarkably increased effectiveness of aPDI was observed over KPC+ bacteria when mixed with imipenem, and a synergistic effect from 3 to 6log10 over ESBL producers of K. pneumoniae clinic isolates when mixed with cefotaxime was determined for both PSs. Furthermore, the compounds show no dark toxicity and low light-dependent toxicity in vitro to mammalian HEp-2 and HEK293 cells. Conclusion: Compounds PSRe-µL1 and PSRe-µL2 produce an effective and synergistic aPDI effect on KPC+, ESBL, and clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae and have low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells.

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Scheifele, David W., Scott A. Halperin, Brian Ward, and Bernard Duval. "The Challenges Facing Canadian Trialists in an Increasingly Competitive Global Market: What Can be Done to Remain Competitive?" Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 18, no. 3 (2007): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/635372.

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Globally, the pharmaceutical industry is condensing into fewer, larger international corporations. This has occurred with the vaccine industry in Canada, where two domestic producers have been absorbed by international companies. This changes the relationship between Canadian vaccine researchers and corporate head office research directors, who carefully assign prelicensure studies to potential market countries around the globe. To succeed in attracting prelicensure vaccine studies, Canadian researchers need to be outstanding in quality, reliability and efficiency. The present article highlights strategies to help researchers remain internationally competitive for industry-sponsored pharmaceutical studies.

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Malhotra, Prabodh, and Hans Lofgren. "India's pharmaceutical industry: hype or high tech take-off?" Australian Health Review 28, no. 2 (2004): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah040182.

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India has built a large pharmaceutical industry through an array of measures in support of domestic firms. The absence of product patents enabled Indian companies to become world leading producers of generic versions of patented drugs. Low costs and a strong engineering tradition continue to sustain competitive strength. The implementation of the World Trade Organization patent regime in 2005 is driving a transformation of the industry. Key elements of the present shake-up include the return of ?big pharma? companies on a large scale and the emergence of several Indian firms that aim to become fullyfledged research-based multinationals. This article provides a description of the development and structure of the Indian pharmaceutical industry and explores questions and challenges arising from its integration into global markets.

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Mousavi, Atefeh, Mehdi Mohammadzadeh, and Hossein Zare. "A Clustering Approach to Identify the Organizational Life Cycle." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 3 (June 24, 2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030108.

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This is an analytical, descriptive, and cross-sectional case study to identify a pharmaceutical company’s organizational life cycle (OLC) situation using clustering methods. Data came from Iran’s pharmaceutical firms in 2001–2018. We used sales growth, dividend per ratio, and performance indicators, including the return on assets, return on equity, Qtubin, and net profit of 342 firm-years to identify the OLC situation of pharmaceutical companies. We used principal component analysis and cluster analysis to define the company’s OLC situation. Results show that 41.39% of the firm-years was in the growth stage, 34.14% in the maturity stage, and 17.22% in the decline stage. There was no significant difference between the average age in the three pharmaceutical companies’ clusters. Study findings may guide policymakers towards more evidence-informed planning, and generic producers by providing more insights about their situation from an organizational life cycle perspective, giving them proper strategies to overcome accompanying challenges in pharmaceutical firms in Iran and countries with similar situations.

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Romanova, Svetlana. "Steps to success: changes in the ranking of pharmaceutical producers in the 1st quater of 2013." Remedium. Journal about the Russian market of medicines and medical equipment, no. 7-8 (2013): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1561-5936-2013-7-8-92-95.

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Romanova, Svetlana. "Steps to success: changes in the ranking of pharmaceutical producers in the III quarter of 2013." Remedium. Journal about the Russian market of medicines and medical equipment, no. 1-2 (2014): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1561-5936-2014-1-2-93-98.

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Romanova, Svetlana. "Steps to Success: changes in the ranking of pharmaceutical producers in the iv quarter of 2013." Remedium. Journal about the Russian market of medicines and medical equipment, no. 4 (2014): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1561-5936-2014-4-48-53.

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Romanova, Svetlana. "Steps to success: changes in the ranking of pharmaceutical producers in the I quarter of 2014." Remedium. Journal about the Russian market of medicines and medical equipment, no. 7-8 (2014): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1561-5936-2014-7-8-52-57.

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Tarasenko, V. A., T. V. Prykhodko, О. F. Кuchmistova, A. M. Solomenniy, O. V. Pleshkova, O. V. Belozerova, and D. V. Drozdov. "PHARMACEUTICALS MARKETING RESEARCHES FOR USE IN DERMATOLOGY AND ON THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF UKRAINE IN GENERAL (MESSAGE I)." Fitoterapia 3, no. 3 (2021): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33617/2522-9680-2021-3-67.

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Keywords: pharmaceutical, marketing research, medicinal product, marketing researches, active pharmaceutical ingredient, drug formulation, pharmaceutical market, wound process. The purpose of the study was to conduct complex marketing research of the current condition of the pharmaceutical market for use in dermatology to compose the well-balanced combination drugs (CD) for wound healing. Materials and methods: Conduct of complex marketing researches involved the use of general scientific, systematic, and survey research methods of informational search: bibliographical, document retrieval, content analysis, comparative approach, and system-oriented analysis. Results. The current condition of the domestic pharmaceuticals market was analysed and summed up for the availability of the Group D medicinal products according to Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (АТС) classification system. Market dependency on import medicinal products was identified (import products share amounts to 57,8% of the market). The trends which reflect the innovation activity of the domestic pharmaceutical industry were presented in the findings. Prevailing (based on its specific density) medicinal products subgroups according to ATC classification «Corticosteroids for use in dermatology» (26,3%), «Anti-fungals for use in dermatology» (18,1%), «Antiseptics and Disinfectants» (14,1%), «Medicinal products for wound and ulcerous injuries healing» (12,7%), and «Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics» (11,5%). It was established that the main importers of the interested medicinal products groupare Germany (20,4%), India (16,2%), Poland (12,3%), Croatia (7,1%), Switzerland (6,3%), Belgium (5,2%), Austria (4,8%), and Hungary (4,2%). We found out that in the dermatology medicinal products segment, active pharmaceutical ingredients by their nature are mostly synthetic (88%), and by their composition, such medicinal products are mixed formulations with the subgroups market share between 58,5% – 76,3%. It was also shown that the optimal assortment range of modern combination drugs of dermatology medicinal products for 38 domestic producers is not yet reached. We paid attention to the perspective regarding the pharmaceutical development of new combination drugs for application therapy. Conclusions. The research of the effectiveness of different groups of medicinal products to wound healing on different stages, allowed us to conclude that the usage of imported combination effect medicinal products for wound healing is more cost-ineffective while the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market requires product differentiation and introduction of the new combined antimicrobial and anti- inflammatory effect medicinal products into production for wound healing and wound infection.

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Vlasenko, I. O., and L. L. Davtian. "Active pharmaceutical ingredients in dermatological medicines of Ukrainian pharmaceutical market." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.1.19.01.

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The problem of the diabetic foot is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus. There is still an active search for medicines (drugs) that could be used in the complex treatment of trophic lesions in diabetic foot. The period before the development and launch of the drug into the pharmaceutical market need to make marketing research aimed at ensuring that the future drug is competitive. The purpose of the work was to analyze the market of dermatological drugs for the treatment of trophic ulcers in order to determine the marketing opportunities for domestic producers. The research objects were active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which are part of the dermatological registered drugs in Ukraine. Materials for research were official sources of information about drugs registered in Ukraine. Marketing analytical methods were used. To determine the level of tension between manufacturers and the same product, the coefficient of tension. Number of D preparations registered in Ukraine ‒ 452 trade names (January 2018) was established. Medicines wich prodused by Ukraine are slightly higher (55.3%). In groups D01, D03, D06, D07 and D08 the highest number of APIs is determined, which is 25, 36, 33, 29 and 30, respectively. Part API is contained in the drug in combination with other API. In the D01 group, only a small amount of API ‒ 7 is present in combination with other substances, and in group D02 ‒ 6, certain APIs are part of the combined drug. In preparations of D03 4 API are in combination. In group D06, 12 APIs are contained in combination drugs. Most of the established API groups D07 (13) are found in the drug in combination. In the D08 group, part of the API (8) is part of a combined drug. There is a combination of APIs antiseptic or antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory effect, local anesthetic and wound healing effect. According to the results of the calculation of the tension indices between the manufacturers of analogues of drugs in group D, the highest competition (Kvi ≥ 0.800) was observed in the groups D01 and D03 (for 4 drugs with Kvi ≥ 0.800), D06 (3 drugs), D07 (8 drugs), D08 (7 drugs). An analysis of the competitiveness of analogue manufacturers has shown that Ukrainian manufacturers are not sufficiently competing in the production of modern analogues of dermatological drugs.

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Chorev, Nitsan. "Making Medicines in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda in the AIDS Era." Sociology of Development 5, no. 2 (2019): 115–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2019.5.2.115.

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Can foreign aid help the development of local industrial production in poor countries? Studies offer a range of reasons why foreign aid is doomed to fail. Anthropologists highlight the exploitative nature of foreign assistance, while economists emphasize the incompetence of international programs. This paper offers a sociological analysis that identifies specific conditions under which foreign aid can lead to the development and upgrading of local manufacturing. Based on a systematic comparison of local pharmaceutical companies in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, I show that foreign aid contributed to the development and upgrading of a local pharmaceutical industry when it provided three resources in particular: markets, monitoring, and mentoring. When donors were willing to procure local drugs, they created markets, which gave local entrepreneurs an incentive to produce the kinds of drugs donors would buy. When donors enforced exacting standards as a condition to access those markets, they gave local producers an incentive to improve the quality of their products. Finally, when donors provided guidance, it enabled local producers to meet the higher quality standards. Foreign aid has structural limits, however, and it is vulnerable to local conditions; state capacity, in particular, is an important constraint on aid's effectiveness.

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Cepas, Virginio, Ignacio Gutiérrez-Del-Río, Yuly López, Saúl Redondo-Blanco, Yaiza Gabasa, María José Iglesias, Raquel Soengas, et al. "Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Strains as Producers of Lipids with Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity." Marine Drugs 19, no. 12 (November 27, 2021): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19120675.

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Lipids are one of the primary metabolites of microalgae and cyanobacteria, which enrich their utility in the pharmaceutical, feed, cosmetic, and chemistry sectors. This work describes the isolation, structural elucidation, and the antibiotic and antibiofilm activities of diverse lipids produced by different microalgae and cyanobacteria strains from two European collections (ACOI and LEGE-CC). Three microalgae strains and one cyanobacteria strain were selected for their antibacterial and/or antibiofilm activity after the screening of about 600 strains carried out under the NoMorFilm European project. The total organic extracts were firstly fractionated using solid phase extraction methods, and the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration against an array of human pathogens were determined. The isolation was carried out by bioassay-guided HPLC-DAD purification, and the structure of the isolated molecules responsible for the observed activities was determined by HPLC-HRESIMS and NMR methods. Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol, α-linolenic acid, hexadeca-4,7,10,13-tetraenoic acid (HDTA), palmitoleic acid, and lysophosphatidylcholine were found among the different active sub-fractions selected. In conclusion, cyanobacteria and microalgae produce a great variety of lipids with antibiotic and antibiofilm activity against the most important pathogens causing severe infections in humans. The use of these lipids in clinical treatments alone or in combination with antibiotics may provide an alternative to the current treatments.

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Oppong-Danquah, Ernest, Cristina Passaretti, Orazio Chianese, Martina Blümel, and Deniz Tasdemir. "Mining the Metabolome and the Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Potential of Sea Foam-Derived Fungi." Marine Drugs 18, no. 2 (February 22, 2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18020128.

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Sea foam harbors a diverse range of fungal spores with biological and ecological relevance in marine environments. Fungi are known as the producers of secondary metabolites that are used in health and agricultural sectors, however the potentials of sea foam-derived fungi have remained unexplored. In this study, organic extracts of six foam-derived fungal isolates belonging to the genera Penicillium, Cladosporium, Emericellopsis and Plectosphaerella were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against plant and human pathogens and anticancer activity. In parallel, an untargeted metabolomics study using UPLC-QToF–MS/MS-based molecular networking (MN) was performed to unlock their chemical inventory. Penicillium strains were identified as the most prolific producers of compounds with an average of 165 parent ions per strain. In total, 49 known mycotoxins and functional metabolites were annotated to specific and ubiquitous parent ions, revealing considerable chemical diversity. This allowed the identification of putative new derivatives, such as a new analog of the antimicrobial tetrapeptide, fungisporin. Regarding bioactivity, the Penicillium sp. isolate 31.68F1B showed a strong and broad-spectrum activity against seven plant and human pathogens, with the phytopathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and the human pathogen Candida albicans being the most susceptible (IC50 values 2.2 and 6.3 µg/mL, respectively). This is the first study mining the metabolome of the sea foam-derived fungi by MS/MS-based molecular networking, and assessing their biological activities against phytopathogens.

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Kusari, Souvik, Marc Lamshöft, Parijat Kusari, Sebastian Gottfried, Sebastian Zühlke, Kathrin Louven, Ute Hentschel, Oliver Kayser, and Michael Spiteller. "Endophytes Are Hidden Producers of Maytansine inPutterlickiaRoots." Journal of Natural Products 77, no. 12 (December 5, 2014): 2577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np500219a.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pharmaceutical producers'

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