Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pharmaceutical biotechnology – Patents

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Pharmaceutical biotechnology – Patents'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pharmaceutical biotechnology – Patents"

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Ferreira, André V. F., Felipe F. Silva, Ana Amélia M. Silva, Lucas S. Azevedo, Sara T. D. da Fonseca, Nathalia H. Camilo, Keiza P. E. dos Santos, et al. "Recent Patents on the Industrial Application of Alpha-amylases." Recent Patents on Biotechnology 14, no. 4 (November 27, 2020): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872208314666200722160452.

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Background: Alpha-amylases are enzymes capable of degrading polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen. Found in various organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, these enzymes have great biotechnological potential due to their insertion in several industrial sectors ranging from food to biofuels. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze patents deposited in intellectual property databases on alpha-amylases in the fields of food, beverages, detergents, animal feeds, biofuels, pharmaceuticals and textiles, with the search period being 5 years. Methods: This study targeted the use of alpha-amylases in various industrial sectors, so searches were carried out on the intellectual property database Espacenet website (European Patent Office - EPO) which contains more than 90 million patents deposited in its database. Results: During the search for patents filed in the last 5 years, 186 were found related to the use of alpha-amylases. These were disturbed as follows: 84 (biofuel), 41 (drinks), 16 (pharmaceuticals), 15 (detergents), 11 (food), 10 (animal feed), 9 (textiles). From the total number of patents found, we selected 6 from each area, except pharmaceutical products, to discuss and provide information on the application of this enzyme. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the sectors of beverages and animal feed have preferences for thermostable alpha-amylases while sectors such as food, biofuels and textiles only regarded the importance of enzymatic efficiency. The detergent sector presented the greatest use of alpha-amylases which had distinct biochemical characteristics as solvent resistance and thermostability. The pharmaceutical sector was the one that presented less patents related to the application of alpha amylases. In addition, this work showed that China is the country with the highest patent registration for the use of alpha-amylases in the analyzed period.
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Hwang, Jung-Tae, Byung-Keun Kim, and Eui-Seob Jeong. "Patent Value and Survival of Patents." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020119.

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This study investigated the effect of patent value on the renewal (survival) of patents. The private value of patents can be one of the main pillars sustaining a firm’s value, and the estimation of the value may contribute to the strategic management of firms. The current study aimed to confirm the recent research findings with survival analysis, focusing on the more homogeneous patent data samples. In this study, a dataset is constructed from a cohort of 6646 patents from the 1996 and 1997 application years, using patent data from the European Patent Office (EPO). We found that the family size and non-patent backward citations exhibited profound impacts on patent survival. This result is in line with numerous studies, indicating the positive impact of science linkages in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical fields. It was also found that the effect of the ex-post indicator is not as strong as the ex-ante indicators, like traditional family size and backward citations. In short, the family size matters most for the survival of patents, according to the current research.
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Lu, Deborah L., Thomas J. Kowalski, and Judy Jarecki-Black. "Patent prosecution of biotechnology and pharmaceutical patents in a changing legal landscape." Future Medicinal Chemistry 2, no. 1 (January 2010): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc.09.126.

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Manak, Joseph M. "The Law of Written Description in Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Patents." Biotechnology Law Report 23, no. 1 (February 2004): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/073003104322838231.

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Diez, Maria del Carmen Fernandez, and Maria de los Reyes Corripio Gil-Delgado. "Is Intellectual property Right Legislation Constraining the Agrifood Biotechnology Sector in the European Union?" Science & Technology Studies 16, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55155.

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In this paper, we discuss the implications of the recent Intellectual Property Right (IPR) enforcement in the European Union (EU) as a potential factor affecting agrifood biotechnology industry stagnation. After presenting a theoretical framework justifying patents, we describe some controversial questions in the European patent protection related to: a) the distinction between discovery and invention and; b) the morality and ordre public exception to the patentability. Although we provide some evidence about the reduction in importance of agrifood activities compared to that of pharmaceutical areas of application, we conclude that differences between EU and other developed countries IPR legislations are not the principal regulatory controversial factor affecting activities in the agrifood biotechnology sector.
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Nguyen, Amy Q. "In the Midst of a Global Pandemic: Benefits of a Biomedical Patenting Regime." SMU Science and Technology Law Review 25, no. 1 (2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/smustlr.25.1.5.

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There has long been a debate centered around genomic and biomedical data patenting. The opposition expresses concern that the patenting of genomic and biomedical data will hinder the manufacturing and distribution of medical and scientific discoveries to those who need them. On the other hand, supporters of patenting genomic and biomedical data explain that patents are beneficial. For example, genomic and biomedical patents allow pharmaceutical companies and research labs to recoup their massive investments in researching and developing new medical and scientific methodologies and technologies. Patents also incentivize these companies to make discoveries to prevent future pandemics and diseases. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out and left the world struggling to create more effective vaccines to combat the virus and its variants. At the center of this battle against the virus, various pharmaceutical companies, such as Pfizer, Moderna, BioNTech, and Arcturus, have been working endlessly to develop possible vaccine candidates for the COVID-19 vaccine. The question of whether these pharmaceutical companies will be allowed the protections afforded by genomic and biomedical patenting to spur more advances in the fields of science and medicine to combat new viruses has come to the forefront once again. With two landmark Supreme Court cases that discuss the patenting of biomedical data and genomic processes, the U.S. Supreme Court has barred the patenting of isolated DNA and naturally occurring processes. However, amid a global pandemic, there are benefits to patenting biomedical data. The U.S. Patent Regime should allow genomic and biomedical data patenting to encourage innovation and incentivize researchers and scientists by taking measures to broaden the scope of patent-protected subject matters and by adopting aspects of foreign patent regimes, such as Japan’s patent regime, to expand the treatment of patent protection and encourage innovation in biotechnology and medicine.
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de Magalhães, Jorge Lima, Luc Quoniam, and Núbia Boechat. "PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET AND OPPORTUNITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY FOR GENERIC DRUGS: A BRAZILIAN CASE STUDY OF OLANZAPINE." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 6, no. 1 (April 5, 2013): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pmc/13.06.31.

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This paper aimed to identify and analyse the evolution of the generic pharmaceutical market in Brazil, specifically olanzapine drugs. For this purpose, it has been demonstrated trends through access free tools. By bibliographical survey in indexed databases as well as official data in Brazil for generic drugs and public policy, it was analyzed and performed a case study . In 2012, global pharmaceutical industry surpassed US$ 950 billion in sales with trend to reach US$ 1,2 trillion by 2016. In Brazil market has grown in its global ranking, jumped from 10th place to 7th place in five years and projection it’ll stay Top five by 2015. Brazil has significant presence in pharmerging markets by increasing US$ 10 billion/year. Generics segment accounts approximately to 20% of the total market. 2003-2011 registered a growth of 42.3%. Patents expiration in the neuroleptics area becomes more promising like a market of olanzapine in the last eight years is around US$ 120 million. After the end of the olanzapine patent (2011) sales increased 270% which demonstrate potential Brazilian market in this new century. Management problems for developing nations and undeveloped such as network management and patents analysis for health care might reveal great opportunities for investors, e.g., creation of the Big Brazilian biotechnology pharmaceutical industry. Keywords: competitive intelligence, pharmaceutical trends, technological and innovation management.
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Almeida, Hugo, Maria Helena Amaral, and Paulo Lobão. "Drugs obtained by biotechnology processing." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 47, no. 2 (June 2011): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502011000200002.

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In recent years, the number of drugs of biotechnological origin available for many different diseases has increased exponentially, including different types of cancer, diabetes mellitus, infectious diseases (e.g. AIDS Virus / HIV) as well as cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, and autoimmune diseases, among others. The pharmaceutical industry has used different technologies to obtain new and promising active ingredients, as exemplified by the fermentation technique, recombinant DNA technique and the hybridoma technique. The expiry of the patents of the first drugs of biotechnological origin and the consequent emergence of biosimilar products, have posed various questions to health authorities worldwide regarding the definition, framework, and requirements for authorization to market such products.
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Watts, Allison D., and Robert D. Hamilton. "Scientific foundation, patents, and new product introductions of biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms." R&D Management 43, no. 5 (July 25, 2013): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/radm.12023.

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Stotland, Danyl. "CANADA TO ABOLISH COMPULSORY LICENSING FOR PHARMACEUTICAL PATENTS." Biotechnology Law Report 6, no. 1 (February 1987): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/blr.1987.6.13.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pharmaceutical biotechnology – Patents"

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César, Priscilla Maria Dias Guimarães. "Análise crítica da proteção das patentes de invenção farmacêuticas e biotecnológicas: perspectiva dos países em desenvolvimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-06072012-095646/.

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O sistema de patentes como hoje está estruturado enfrenta enormes desafios para atingir metas de acesso ao conhecimento, inovação tecnológica e desenvolvimento sustentável tanto no âmbito nacional quanto internacional. Este estudo propõe uma revisão jurídica do sistema de patentes na perspectiva de países em desenvolvimento. As áreas farmacêutica e biotecnológica serão priorizadas por meio da análise de patentes de invenção a fim de verificar suas imperfeições e falhas sob o ponto de vista jurídico. Justifica-se a escolha dessas áreas pelos impactos que causam a temas como: acesso a medicamentos e novas terapias médicas, direitos humanos e desenvolvimento. Instrumentos jurídicos tradicionais para a proteção da propriedade intelectual devem ser analisados e conformados aos novos instrumentos que surgem como resposta à crise de acesso ao conhecimento e à redução do domínio público, portanto, como propostas para uma nova era de direitos de propriedade intelectual. Desse modo, o diálogo entre os diversos sistemas jurídicos compõe um plano maior de desenvolvimento sustentável e demonstra a interdisciplinaridade do tema. A análise sistêmica e jurídica considera, ainda, o papel dos diversos atores Estados, universidades, empresas, organizações internacionais, ONGs e indivíduos , bem como possibilita a adoção de modelos diferenciados de negócios, primando pela cooperação internacional e nacional como forma de obter melhores resultados, diminuir riscos e ampliar o acesso ao conhecimento. Sugere-se uma abordagem criativa e voltada ao desenvolvimento e acesso ao conhecimento para a construção de uma nova era dos direitos imateriais. A análise será realizada a partir da perspectiva de países em desenvolvimento, especificamente países inovativos em desenvolvimento Brasil, China, Índia e África do Sul para que reformas jurídicas e estruturais possam garantir as necessidades locais, por meio de um modelo de propriedade intelectual voltado ao desenvolvimento e não apenas ao mercado e reafirmar o posicionamento estratégico desses países na economia global. Destarte, priorizar o foro multilateral do comércio internacional sob a égide da OMC e do Acordo TRIPS, em detrimento do bilateral que distorce as regras comerciais internacionais e prejudica países em desenvolvimento é fundamental. Complementarmente, promover uma governança global entre as organizações internacionais é essencial para a criação de um sistema de patentes equilibrado e que atenda aos interesses públicos e privados. Também, a exportação de altos padrões de proteção e a permissividade quanto aos critérios de patenteabilidade devem ser vistas com cautela por países em desenvolvimento. É necessário promover o diálogo entre direitos imateriais e direito ao desenvolvimento, direitos humanos e direito da inovação para garantir que direitos imateriais sejam uma ferramenta para atingir objetivos de acesso ao conhecimento, desenvolvimento e inovação. Propõe-se uma abordagem funcionalista e não proprietária da propriedade intelectual e o estudo crítico de direitos imateriais, desde a adequação do vocábulo propriedade até suas justificativas, funções e natureza.
The patent system as currently structured is facing enormous challenges to achieve goals of access to knowledge, technological innovation and sustainable development both nationally and internationally. This study proposes a legal review of the patent system from the perspective of developing countries. The pharmaceutical and biotechnological areas will be prioritized through the analysis of patents in order to verify their imperfections and failures under a legal perspective. The choice for these areas is justified by the impacts caused in issues such as: access to medicines and new medical therapies, human rights and development. Former legal instruments for the protection of intellectual property must be reviewed and conformed to the new instruments that arise as a response to the crisis of access to knowledge and the public domain reduction, so as proposals for a new era of intellectual property rights. Thus, the dialogue among different legal systems makes up a larger plan for sustainable development and demonstrates the interdisciplinarity of this subject. The systemic and legal analysis also considers the role of various actors - states, universities, industries, international organizations, NGOs and individuals - and enables the adoption of different business models, striving for national and international cooperation as a way to get better results, reduce risks and increase access to knowledge. It is suggested a creative approach and focused on development and access to knowledge issues for the construction of a new era of intellectual property rights The study will be performed from the perspective of developing countries, particularly innovative developing countries Brazil, China, India and South Africa in order to ensure that the legal and structural reforms may guarantee local needs based in an intellectual property model driven to development and not only to the market, reaffirming the strategic positioning of these countries in the global economy. Thus, prioritizing the multilateral international trade forum under the aegis of WTO and TRIPS Agreement, in detriment of bilateral rules that distorts the international trade rules and damages developing countries are fundamental strategies. In addition, to promote a global governance of international organizations is essential to create a patent system that is balanced and meets the public and private interests. Also the exportation of high protection standards and the permissiveness regarding patentability criteria must be viewed with caution by developing countries. It is necessary to promote a dialogue among intellectual property rights and right to development, human rights and innovation rights in order to ensure that immaterial rights are a tool to achieve the goals of access to knowledge, development and innovation. It is proposed an \"instrumentalist\" approach and not \"proprietarian\" approach of intellectual property and the critical study of immaterial rights, since from the adequacy of the term \"property\" to their justifications, functions and nature.
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Vazquez, Toro Guillermo J. "Patent Quality And Company Performance| A Sample within the USA Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industry." Thesis, Inter-American University of Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico), 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3577982.

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This Dissertation investigates the relationship between patent quality and company performance for a sample from the US Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industry. The methodology devised comprehensively examines patent worth (patent’s references), patent protection (claims and family patents) and patent quality (references, claims and family patents) to determine their implications on firm leverage (SE, TA), profits (ROE, ROA), and market value (B/M, MCap). The selected sample comprises 1,536 companies, and 285,000 patents from 1999 to 2009. The results show that total revenue just responds to changes in R&D; intensity, and patenting intensity. A 10 percent increase in patent value results in a corresponding increase rate on the market capitalization index for the full sample and a 14 percent increase for the chemicals and allied products group (SIC 28). Increases (10%) in patent protection and quality present average increases of 15 percent on market capitalization for the full sample and 8 percent for the chemicals and allied products group (SIC 28). The medical devices group (SIC 38) results suggest that Mcap increases 10 percent by the same increase in patent value index. Patent protection and quality increases (10%) suggest an average 8 percent increase in Mcap. Results suggest that profits, leverage and market indices respond differently to 10 percent increases in patent value, patent protections and patent quality. The aforementioned effects suggest that the qualitative indexes follow company related market activities and business valuations for the chemical and allied products, and medical devices industrial sectors.

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HARACOGLOU, Irina. "The duty to deal in the biopharmaceutical industry : a follow-on innovation perspective." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4653.

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Defence date: 26 September 2005
Examining board: Prof. Hans Ullrich (Supervisor, European University Institute) ; Prof. Christian Joerges (Co-Supervisor, European University Institute) ; Prof. David Vaver (Oxford University) ; Prof. Bernand Remiche (Université Catholique de Louvain)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Using the example of research tools in biopharmaceutical research and innovation, this book examines the complexities of the relationship two fundamental areas of law and policy - intellectual property rights and competition law. It addresses a question that is certain to become paramount in other industries also: how to strike the balance between initial and follow-on innovation so as to ensure that access to 'essential' research tools (or other fundamental elements to follow-on innovation) is not impeded.The book concludes by suggesting how competition law could be used to complement the patent balance. "Competition Law and Patents" caters for various groups ranging from those with a general interest in competition law, patent law and/or biopharmaceuticals, to students who want to understand how competition and intellectual property work in practice (or to understand the interface between the two policies), and from practitioners and policymakers to people within the biopharmaceutical industry itself.
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Yancey, Amy Iver. "Intellectual Property and Policy Issues in Biotechnology." 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1040.

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Intellectual property, particularly patents, plays a major role in innovation and discovery in biotechnology. Likewise, since the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1981, patents have become an increasingly important factor in U.S. university-driven basic research, especially in the life sciences where patented technologies have transformed agriculture. Specifically, this paper looks at the potential impacts of these trends on university driven research, the university researcher, the pharmaceutical industry, and the farm sector with an emphasis on recent and pending court cases and legislation. This paper examines policy and adoptions issues in biotechnology and biomedicine in depth and touches on important developments in the tech sectors as a back drop for pending legislation and recent court rulings. How policy is adopted, implemented and interpreted have profound impacts on food production, medical ethics, ecology, U.S. and international farm and innovation sectors and the competiveness of the U.S. in the global economy
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LEE, Su-Hua, and 李素華. "Patent Protection and Limitation of Patent for Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology: Perspectives of Public Health." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03370342803190290907.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
94
Patent Protection and Limitation of Patent for Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology: Perspectives of Public Health Abstract: The debate over patents, pharmaceuticals and affordable access to health care for all is increasingly in these years, particularly when the worldwide attention focuses on the growing HIV/AIDS and SARS crisis. Patents perform an essential role in stimulating the development of new drugs and medical products, by offering incentives for investing in expensive and long-term research. Without patents, existing pharmaceuticals would not have been produced, new and better pharmaceuticals needed to overcome the diseases and infection would not be developed. However, the tendency of expansion of patent rights in the fields of biotechnology and pharmaceuticals seems to impede the access of essential drugs and medical treatment and affects adversely the public health. For these reasons, the most important issue in these years is getting balance of the patent protection and limitation of patent rights in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.
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Lin, Yin-Chun, and 林吟純. "The Determinants of Patent Diversification：An Empirical Study of U.S. Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical, and Medical Instrument Industry." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36063505948497780814.

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碩士
逢甲大學
企業管理所
98
In the era of knowledge economy, firm can improve overall competitive advantage by R&D and continually innovation. To achieve target of maximal profit and sustainable development, enterprises not only from the patent to understand the current competitive position in the industry, but also implement diversify strategies to maintain the existing business’s growth. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explore the determinants of patent diversification in U.S. Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Medical Instrument Industries. The observation time is from 2003 to 2008 and the data set include 216 Biological observations, 296 Pharmaceutical observations and 182 Medical Instrument observations in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database. We used the multinomial logistic regression to extract the determining factors of patent citations. This study includes 7 factors of affecting patent diversification: R&D intensity, capital expenditures, firm sizes, firm risk, firm age, diversification, and patent positions. We find that firm age and patent positions are significant in the Biological industry. Firm sizes and diversification are significant in the Pharmaceutical industry. Capital expenditures, firm sizes, diversification, and patent positions are significant in the Medical Instrument industry. Firms can use capital expenditures, firm sizes, firm age, diversification and patent positions to improve patent diversification.
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Chuang, Fu-Chia, and 莊馥嘉. "A Study on Vaccine Patent Protection and Battle Strategy for Biotechnology Companies and the Pharmaceutical Industry." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63449102910919779333.

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碩士
臺灣大學
科際整合法律學研究所
98
The purpose of this thesis is to provide a set of patent and battle strategies for the domestic pharmaceutical industry and biotechnology companies. The aim is to obtain a comprehensive protection of vaccine-related technology. The thesis is divided into four parts: the concept of vaccine, the current development of the vaccine market and the vaccine patents, patent law and finally the vaccine protection strategies before and during the period of patent right. Part I talks about how a vaccine works and how to manufacture vaccines, as well as how much time and money would be consumed during the whole process from the laboratory stage to the point where it is possible to apply the vaccine to human beings and be released onto the market. According to this study, it is evident that it is a long and difficult way for a single vaccine to become a final product, and it needs the combination of both business and patent protection strategies to support this process. This is because a correct patent strategy gives correct direction for the development and protection of research results, which then leads to successful development and marketing. Successful marketing, on the other hand, provides funds for the development and successful development brings good business. Therefore, these three elements -- development, marketing and patent strategy -- work together in a complementary fashion. Accordingly, Part II takes the perspective of the current market, to understand the development trend of the vaccine technology and the market distribution of vaccine products, as well as the vaccine-related patent applications. Part III then discusses the patent law. Part IV is further divided into three parts: the technology protection strategies from the research stage to the market, battle strategies after obtaining patent rights, and collaborations after obtaining patents. Part (i) includes the assessment and management of a technology before filing a patent application and the strategy of obtaining a patent; Part (ii) provides respective strategies for the plaintiff and the defendant in a patent suit; Part (iii) describes different levels of cooperation, from licensing to alliances and M&As.
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Sibanda, McLean. "Enabling intellectual property and innovation systems for South Africa's development and competitiveness." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24247.

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During the last two decades, there have been a number of policy and legislative changes in respect of South Africa’s intellectual property (IP) and the national system of innovation (NSI). In 2012, a Ministerial Review of the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) landscape in South Africa made recommendations to improve the STI landscape and effectively the national system of innovation. The study provides a critical review of drafts of the national IP policy published in 2013 as well as the IP Framework released in 2016 for public comment. The review of the IP and the NSI are within the context of the National Development Plan (NDP), which outlines South Africa’s desired developmental goals. South Africa is part of the BRICS group of countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). The South African economy is characterised by a desire to move away from being dependent on resources and commodities, to becoming a more knowledge based and innovation driven economy. It is hoped that such a move would assist the country to address some of the social and economic development challenges facing South Africa, as captured in the NDP. South Africa has a functioning IP system, but its relationship with South Africa’s development trajectory is not established. More particularly, the extent to which the IP system relates to the innovation system and how these two systems must be aligned to enable South Africa to transition successfully from a country based on the production of primary resources and associated commodity-based industries to a viable knowledge-based economy is unclear. The Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) provides that IP must contribute to innovation and to transfer of technology and knowledge in a manner that is conducive to social and economic welfare. Certain provisions set out the foundations of intellectual property systems within the context of each member state. This study has thus explored the complex, complementary and sometimes contested relationships between IP and innovation, with particular emphasis on the potential of an intellectual property system to stimulate innovation and foster social and economic development. The study has also analysed the interconnectivity of IP and innovation with other WTO legal instruments, taking into account South Africa’s positioning within the globalised economy and in particular the BRICS group of countries. The research involved a critical review of South Africa’s IP and innovation policies, as well as relevant legislation, instruments, infrastructure, IP and innovation landscape, and relationship with international WTO legal instruments, in addition to its performance, given the developmental priorities and the globalised economy. The research documents patenting trends by South Africans using European Patent Office (EPO), Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), United States Patents and Trademarks Office (USPTO) databases over the period 1996-2015. A comparative analysis of patenting trends amongst BRICS group of countries has also been documented. The study also documents new findings, observations and insights regarding South Africa’s IP and innovation systems. Some of these, particularly in relation to higher education and research institutions, are directly attributable to the Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act. More particularly, the public institutions are becoming relevant players in the NSI and are responsible for growth of certain technology clusters, in particular, biotechnology. At the same time, the study makes findings of a decline of private sector participation in patenting as well as R&D investment over the 20-year period. Recommendations are included regarding specific interventions to ensure coherence between the IP and innovation systems. Such coherence and alignment should strengthen the systems’ ability to stimulate innovation and foster inclusive development and competitiveness, which are relevant for addressing South Africa’s socio-economic development priorities.
Mercantile Law
LL. D.
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Books on the topic "Pharmaceutical biotechnology – Patents"

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1943-, Ludwig S. Peter, and Practising Law Institute, eds. Biotechnology & pharmaceutical law, 2004: Patents & business strategies. New York, NY: Practising Law Institute, 2004.

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Barr, David K., and Daniel L. Reisner. Developments in pharmaceutical and biotech patent law 2013. New York, N.Y: Practising Law Institute, 2013.

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Lalitha, N. Patents and biopharmaceuticals in India: Emerging issues. Ahmedabad: Gujarat Institute of Development Research, 2006.

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Barr, David K., and Daniel L. Reisner. Developments in pharmaceutical and biotech patent law 2010. New York, N.Y: Practising Law Institute, 2010.

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Barr, David K., and Daniel L. Reisner. Developments in pharmaceutical and biotech patent law 2012. New York, N.Y: Practising Law Institute, 2012.

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Barr, David K., and Daniel L. Reisner. Developments in pharmaceutical and biotech patent law 2009. New York, N.Y: Practising Law Institute, 2009.

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Patent law in biotechnology, chemicals & pharmaceuticals. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y., USA: Stockton, 1994.

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Wegner, Harold C. Patent law in biotechnology, chemicals & pharmaceuticals. New York, N.Y., USA: Stockton Press, 1992.

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ANDA litigation: Strategies & tactics for pharmaceutical patent litigators. Chicago: American Bar Association, 2012.

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Angelmar, Reinhard. "Patents and the European biotechnology lag: A study of large European pharmaceutical firms". Fontainbleau: INSEAD, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pharmaceutical biotechnology – Patents"

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Resnik, David B. "Patents in the Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Industry: Legal and Ethical Issues." In Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 269–84. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527632909.ch12.

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Resnik, David B. "Patents in the Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Industry: Legal and Ethical Issues." In Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 187–200. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527602410.ch10.

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Cook, Trevor, Catherine Doyle, and David Jabbari. "Patents and Biotechnology." In Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & the Law, 111–37. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21828-8_6.

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Cook, Trevor, Catherine Doyle, and David Jabbari. "Patents for Chemicals." In Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & the Law, 71–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21828-8_4.

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Wegner, Harold C. "Biotechnology Deposits." In Patent Law in Biotechnology, Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals, 392–422. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21958-2_37.

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Cook, Trevor, Catherine Doyle, and David Jabbari. "Patents and Other Intellectual Property." In Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & the Law, 40–70. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21828-8_3.

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Wegner, Harold C. "Patent Overview." In Patent Law in Biotechnology, Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals, 29–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21958-2_3.

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Wegner, Harold C. "Patent Procurement Strategies." In Patent Law in Biotechnology, Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals, 46–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21958-2_6.

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Wegner, Harold C. "Drafting the Patent Application." In Patent Law in Biotechnology, Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals, 53–62. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21958-2_7.

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Wegner, Harold C. "Patent-Eligible Subject Matter." In Patent Law in Biotechnology, Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals, 64–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21958-2_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pharmaceutical biotechnology – Patents"

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Ziu, Christopher G., and Yaofeng Chen. "Use of Conical-Shaped Anchors to Reduce Stresses in Thermoplastic Dual Containment Piping Systems." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71639.

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Abstract:
Double containment piping systems are used extensively for handling the conveyance of critical waste systems in industries such as pharmaceuticals and biotechnology manufacturing and research. Often, these services involve the conveyance of critical fluids at elevated temperatures. An example would be in the discharge and transport of spent fermentation by-products in the biotech industry, where the vessel contents are sanitized by the addition of water at up to 210°F and then discharged through double containment piping. Materials of construction used in such systems include thermoplastic, RTRP (fiberglass), stainless steel systems, and combinations thereof. This paper compares systems that are fully restrained by means of patented internal anchors designed to reduce stresses in components and evenly distribute the stresses to the secondary containment components. The systems are compared to the conventional methods of using thermoplastic systems restrained by unitary anchors. In addition to finite element analysis, physical tests are also performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the conical shaped anchors.
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