Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pharmaceutical aerosols

Academic literature on the topic 'Pharmaceutical aerosols'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pharmaceutical aerosols"

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Gonda, Igor. "Pharmaceutical Aerosols." Journal of Aerosol Medicine 5, no. 2 (January 1992): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jam.1992.5.123a.

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Saliy, О. О., M. E. Popova, H. V. Tarasenko, and V. S. Yarovenko. "Analysis and systematization of the main market trends development in pressurized pharmaceutical preparations in pharmaceutical and veterinary practice." Social Pharmacy in Health Care 8, no. 3 (October 12, 2022): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24959/sphhcj.22.263.

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Aim. Analysis and systematization of the main market trends development in pressurized pharmaceutical preparations in pharmaceutical and veterinary practice. Materials and methods. Methods of systematic approach, bibliographic methods, information retrieval, analysis, comparison and generalization, statistical processing, tabular and graphic means of visual presentation of the obtained data were used during the market research. The analysis of registered in Ukraine pressurized pharmaceutical preparations was carried out based on the data of the State Register of Medicinal Products of Ukraine, “Morion” information search program, the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification of electronic resource Compendium.online and the list of registered veterinary medicinal products. Research results. The paper presents the results of the marketing analysis of the Ukraine pharmaceutical market of pressurized pharmaceutical preparations for medical and veterinary practice. As of April 2022, the total number of registered medicinal products is 65 names, of which 58 (89,23%) are for medical purposes and 7 (10,77%) for veterinary purposes. The studied drugs in the form of aerosols are represented by 8 anatomical groups for use in medicine and 3 anatomical groups for veterinary practice. The market segmentation of these drug groups was carried out in accordance with the classification of ATC, by active substance, producing countries, type of propellant and field of purpose. It was determined that the share of aerosols for inhalation (Antiasthmatics) is 53.85%, aerosols for use in the oral cavity - 15.38%, aerosols for local use - 12.3%. Conclusions. The analysis of the Ukraine pharmaceutical market in pressurised pharmaceutical preparations segment shows an increase in domestic market of pharmaceuticals not only in number of products, but also in medical indications of pharmaceuticals and veterinary drugs. The modern production facilities and the modern technologies of development for the production of metered aerosols remains an important factor in the market growth. A promising direction is the creation of foam drugs in the form of aerosols for the prevention and treatment of gynecological diseases, intrauterine infections and dermatological lesions.
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Mishra, Raghav, and Radhika Agarwal. "A Concise Overview on Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Aerosols and their Commercial Applications." Current Materials Science 15, no. 2 (July 2022): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666145414666211111102425.

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Background: Localized drug delivery to the respiratory system has become an increasingly successful and essential treatment strategy for several pulmonary diseases, including asthma, chronic abstractive disease, pneumonia, bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. The rising incidence of respiratory diseases is a significant factor driving the worldwide market for respiratory inhaler devices. Objective: The objective of this article is to present various aspects of pharmaceutical aerosols, including their types, components, fundamentals, in-process and finished product quality control tests based on pharmacopeial standards and specifications, and commercial utility considering the pharmaceutical aerosol dosage forms that have been patented from 2000 to 2020, along with a list of marketed pharmaceutical products. Method: Aerosol, collectively referred to as a pressurized device, operates by triggering an appropriate valve system with a continuous or metered dosage of tiny mist spray. It is used not only in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but also in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, migraine, angina pectoris, acute lung injury, bone disorders, tuberculosis, and many more. A multitude of different variables, including types and properties of propellants, active substances, containers, valves, actuators, spray patterns, valve crimping efficiency, and particle size of the aerosols, influence the therapeutic effectiveness of pharmaceutical aerosols. Conclusion: Based on the current findings, distinct characteristics such as the elimination of firstpass metabolism, quick drug absorption, ease of therapy termination, as well as a larger surface area have attributed to the success of pharmaceutical aerosols.
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Martí-Bonmatí, Ezequiel, Gustavo Juan, Luis Martí-Bonmatí, and Mercedes Ramon. "Effect of Low Temperatures on Drug-Delivery Efficacy of Aerosols." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 12, no. 5 (September 1996): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512259601200508.

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Objective: To determine how low temperatures affect the pharmaceutical properties of oral inhalation aerosols pressurized with chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Design: Inhalation aerosols of the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist terbutaline sulfate were exposed at three different environmental temperatures [22, 0, and −10 °C; (±2)]. Three groups of 10 canisters each, at different drug loads (100%, 50%, and 20%), were studied at these temperatures. Canisters with mouthpieces were weighed before and after 40 actuations in order to study the mass propelled in each experimental condition. Photographs were also taken of the aerosol mist at each temperature. Results: A statistically significant decrease in the average mass of the aerosol discharged was evidenced at low temperatures. The temperature and aerosol output were linearly correlated. The weight loss at–10 °C was 35.4%. At this temperature the emitted doses were discharged as liquefied droplets. This effect was quickly manifested and proved reversible. Conclusions: Low temperatures modify the pharmaceutical properties of oral inhalation aerosols pressurized with CFCs. This technical information should be included as a note of caution in the prescribing information.
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Colbeck, I., and J. Amass. "Electrostatic interparticle forces -pharmaceutical aerosols." Journal of Aerosol Science 28 (September 1997): S283—S284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(97)85142-7.

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Colbeck, I., and J. Amass. "Dispersive interparticle forces -pharmaceutical aerosols." Journal of Aerosol Science 29 (September 1998): S765—S766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(98)90565-1.

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Colbeck, I., and J. Amass. "Polarisation interparticle forces -pharmaceutical aerosols." Journal of Aerosol Science 29 (September 1998): S767—S768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(98)90566-3.

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Kwok, Philip Chi Lip, and Hak-Kim Chan. "Electrostatics of pharmaceutical inhalation aerosols." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 61, no. 12 (December 2009): 1587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/jpp.61.12.0002.

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Kwok, Philip Chi Lip, and Hak-Kim Chan. "Electrostatics of pharmaceutical inhalation aerosols." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 61, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 1587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/jpp/61.12.0002.

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Swift, David L. "Dose Distribution of Pharmaceutical Aerosols." Aerosol Science and Technology 18, no. 3 (January 1993): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786829308959604.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pharmaceutical aerosols"

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Ju, Dehao. "Experimental and numerical research on pharmaceutical aerosols." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/348916/.

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With the background of health issues regarding the consumption of tobacco, the widespread availability of safer nicotine products and a harm reduction policy is encouraged. A cigarette alternative is designed to deliver a dose of medicinal nicotine within a timeframe comparable to that of a cigarette, and gives much of what smokers expect from a cigarette without the risks of smoking tobacco. The general purpose of this Ph.D. project is to study the process of flashing atomization and dispersion, with a view to supporting the development of a cigarette replacement device. In order to test the effectiveness of the nicotine formulations, the analysis is carried out sizing the droplets of the aerosols at the position where human oropharynx locates, to support the further research on the deposition of droplets in the human respiratory tract. A mechanical lung has been assembled and programmed to trigger the ‘cigarette-like’ devices with different inhalation profiles, and a dual laser system has been designed to measure the global actuation flow characteristics (e.g. spray velocity and opacity). In order to efficiently acquire sufficient droplet information (e.g. diameter and aspect ratio) from images of in and out of focus droplets, a multi-threshold algorithm is developed and successfully implemented in the automatic particle/droplet image analysis (PDIA) system. It increases the depth of field (DoF) of small particles with diameters smaller than 50μm, and it performs more efficiently than the dual threshold methods which are widely used in the commercial software. A numerical multi-component two-phase actuation flow model has been developed, in order to test different formulations within various flow domains of the cigarette replacement devices. The simulated results of the numerical model have been validated with the experimental measurements and the results of previous researchers. In order to acquire an aerosol with relatively low and steady mass flow rate of nicotine, it is recommended that the mass fraction of propellant (HFA 134a) should be kept around 75%~90% to avoid the sharp temperature drop causing the sensation of freezing. The actuator nozzle diameter should be 0.2mm~0.3mm to produce a flow with relatively low mass flow rate. Furthermore the numerical model is capable of predicting the residual mass median diameter (MMD) of the spray, by using evaporation model of multicomponent liquid droplets, to quantify the sprays. Two different formulations with 95% and 98% mass fraction of HFA 134a, and two prototype cigarette alternatives with different expansion chamber volumes, have been analyzed by the numerical model and compared with the dual laser measurements. In addition, it considers the spray character by high speed imaging, with the special interest in the flashing phenomena and droplet sizes. It concludes that a larger expansion chamber volume enhances the propellant evaporation, recirculation, bubble generation and growth inside the chamber, and it made a significant improvement to produce finer sprays. Although the formulation with 98% of HFA 134a can generate smaller droplets, the formulation with 95% of HFA 134a produces more steady puffs with relatively low mass flow rate.
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Wong, Jennifer. "Electrostatic Charging in Pharmaceutical Aerosols for Inhalation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14273.

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While electrostatic effects are well known and can be observed all around us, it remains among the most poorly understood areas of physics. Pharmaceutical aerosols delivered by dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are known to carry bipolar charges that may influence lung deposition. Although the relationship between the magnitude and polarity of charges on total and regional lung deposition in human subjects is unclear, an important step towards understanding this relationship requires the accurate measurement of pharmaceutical aerosol charges. Hence, this thesis is focused on characterising electrostatic charge in pharmaceutical powder aerosols. Instruments such as the Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI™) and Bipolar Charge Analyzer (BOLAR™) were utilised to simultaneously measure charge and mass distributions of inhalable products. The first study examined the differences in net charge between amorphous and crystalline salbutamol sulfate (SS) using the ELPI™. Subsequent studies investigated bipolar charges using the BOLAR™. The capability of the BOLAR™ to characterise charge bipolarity and mass distributions was evaluated using spray-dried mannitol powder. Additionally, bipolar charges from commercial products such as Bricanyl® and Pulmicort® Turbuhalers® were characterised. The final study investigated the influence of modifying the design and material of Aerolizer® inhaler on bipolar charging of spray-dried mannitol powder. To this end, the findings in this thesis have provided insight into the effects of crystallinity and inhaler design on formulation electrostatic properties which could facilitate advances that may enhance pulmonary drug delivery in the near future.
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Hickey, A. J. "Pharmaceutical inhalation aerosols : their delivery and therapeutic applications." Thesis, Aston University, 2002. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/21776/.

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Peart, Joanne. "Electrostatic charge interactions in pharmaceutical dry powder aerosols." Thesis, University of Bath, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494185.

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Dry powders for inhalation, although clinically effective, tend to be inefficient in terms of the extent and reproducibility of drug delivery. In part at least this is due to an inadequate understanding of the relevant particle-particle interactions between drug and drug, and drug and carrier. Electrostatic charge interactions are one of several factors influencing the overall efficiency of an inhalation powder. The practical significance of such interactions is considered to be critical in every aspect of the powder formulation, including the formation of an ordered mix and, more importantly, the timely disruption of drug - carrier agglomerates, allowing the reproducible delivery of respirable particles. The principal aim of this study was to provide a more fundamental understanding of electrostatic interactions of poured, packed and aerosolised powders for inhalation. Electrostatic properties of drug and excipient powders were studied using a deep Faraday pail static charge detector. The surface charge developed when adhered drug particles were detached from carrier particles was investigated using two dynamic measurement systems: a) an Airstream Faraday cage, and b) a differential charge-to-mass test system, The electric field attributable to the particle cloud generated by a dry powder inhaler was assessed using a fieldmeter, located at the base of a specially constructed flow tube, through which aerosolised particles were drawn. Characterisation of the electrostatic properties of the respirable fraction of the aerosol generated by high efficiency and commercial inhalers was also achieved. Adhesion forces between drug and carrier particles were measured using a modified centrifuge system. Deposition characteristics of powder mixes were studied using an invitro pharmacopoeial method. Hypotheses relating to particle interactions were established from the data obtained. Electrostatic characterisation of powders following detachment from carrier surfaces showed that they exhibit charges of increased magnitude, and in some cases opposite polarity to those observed following contact. Dynamic charge measurements were considered much more relevant to the performance of dry powder formulations for inhalation than corresponding static determinations. Aerosols generated from dry powders for inhalation were shown to exhibit bipolar charging characteristics, which could result in reagglomeration of charged aerosol particles, and contribute to the reduced efficiency of these systems. Aerosol properties were found to be dependent upon the physical and chemical properties of the material studied and the construction and deaggregation mechanism of the dry powder inhaler (DPI) device. A combination of centrifugation, in-vitro deposition studies using the twin stage impinger (TSI) and electrostatic detachment charges indicated the relative contribution of centrifugal and electrostatic elements toward the deaggregation of drug-carrier complexes in dry powder formulations for inhalation. Good correlation was demonstrated between electrostatic detachment charge measurements and TSI deposition studies for binary and ternary powder blends. In-vitro performance characteristics of dry powder formulations were found to improve upon the addition of ternary and quaternary components. A 'chain breaker' theory has been proposed for the mechanism of interaction between carrier, drug, ternary and quaternary components of the attached chain of constituents, based upon their electrostatic characteristics.
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Kwok, Philip Chi Lip. "Electrostatics of aerosols for inhalation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1934.

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Electrostatics of aerosols for inhalation is a relatively new research area. Charge properties of these particles are largely unknown but electrostatic forces have been proposed to potentially influence lung deposition. Investigation on the relationship between formulation and aerosol charging is required to understand the fundamental mechanisms. A modified electrical low pressure impactor was employed to measure the particles generated from metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers. This equipment provides detailed size and charge information of the aerosols. The particles were sized by impaction onto thirteen stages. The net charges in twelve of the size fractions were detected and recorded by sensitive electrometers. The drug deposits were quantified by chemical assay. The aerosol charge profiles of commercial metered dose inhalers were product-dependent, which was due to differences in the drug, formulation, and valve stem material. The calculated number of elementary charges per drug particle of size ≤ 6.06 μm ranged from zero to several ten thousands. The high charge levels on particles may have a potential effect on the deposition of the aerosol particles in the lung when inhaled. New plastic spacers marketed for use with metered dose inhalers were found to possess high surface charges on the internal walls, which was successfully removed by detergent-coating. Detergent-coated spacer had higher drug output than the new ones due to the reduced electrostatic particle deposition inside the spacer. Particles delivered from spacers carried lower inherent charges than those directly from metered dose inhalers. Those with higher charges might be susceptible to electrostatic forces inside the spacers and were thus retained. The electrostatic low pressure impactor was further modified to disperse two commercial Tubuhaler® products at 60 L/min. The DPIs showed drug-specific responses to particle charging at different RHs. The difference in hygroscopicity of the drugs may play a major role. A dual mechanistic charging model was proposed to explain the charging behaviours. The charge levels on drug particles delivered from these inhalers were sufficiently high to potentially affect deposition in the airways when inhaled. Drug-free metered dose inhalers containing HFA-134a and 227 produced highly variable charge profiles but on average the puffs were negatively charged, which was thought to be due to the electronegative fluorine atoms in the HFA molecules. The charges of both HFAs shifted towards neutrality or positive polarity with increasing water content. The spiked water might have increased the electrical conductivity and/or decreased the electronegativity of the bulk propellant solution. The number of elementary charges per droplet decreased with decreasing droplet size. This trend was probably due to the redistribution of charges amongst small droplets following electrostatic fission of a bigger droplet when the Raleigh limit was reached.
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Kwok, Philip Chi Lip. "Electrostatics of aerosols for inhalation." Faculty of Pharmacy, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1934.

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PhD
Electrostatics of aerosols for inhalation is a relatively new research area. Charge properties of these particles are largely unknown but electrostatic forces have been proposed to potentially influence lung deposition. Investigation on the relationship between formulation and aerosol charging is required to understand the fundamental mechanisms. A modified electrical low pressure impactor was employed to measure the particles generated from metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers. This equipment provides detailed size and charge information of the aerosols. The particles were sized by impaction onto thirteen stages. The net charges in twelve of the size fractions were detected and recorded by sensitive electrometers. The drug deposits were quantified by chemical assay. The aerosol charge profiles of commercial metered dose inhalers were product-dependent, which was due to differences in the drug, formulation, and valve stem material. The calculated number of elementary charges per drug particle of size ≤ 6.06 μm ranged from zero to several ten thousands. The high charge levels on particles may have a potential effect on the deposition of the aerosol particles in the lung when inhaled. New plastic spacers marketed for use with metered dose inhalers were found to possess high surface charges on the internal walls, which was successfully removed by detergent-coating. Detergent-coated spacer had higher drug output than the new ones due to the reduced electrostatic particle deposition inside the spacer. Particles delivered from spacers carried lower inherent charges than those directly from metered dose inhalers. Those with higher charges might be susceptible to electrostatic forces inside the spacers and were thus retained. The electrostatic low pressure impactor was further modified to disperse two commercial Tubuhaler® products at 60 L/min. The DPIs showed drug-specific responses to particle charging at different RHs. The difference in hygroscopicity of the drugs may play a major role. A dual mechanistic charging model was proposed to explain the charging behaviours. The charge levels on drug particles delivered from these inhalers were sufficiently high to potentially affect deposition in the airways when inhaled. Drug-free metered dose inhalers containing HFA-134a and 227 produced highly variable charge profiles but on average the puffs were negatively charged, which was thought to be due to the electronegative fluorine atoms in the HFA molecules. The charges of both HFAs shifted towards neutrality or positive polarity with increasing water content. The spiked water might have increased the electrical conductivity and/or decreased the electronegativity of the bulk propellant solution. The number of elementary charges per droplet decreased with decreasing droplet size. This trend was probably due to the redistribution of charges amongst small droplets following electrostatic fission of a bigger droplet when the Raleigh limit was reached.
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Li, Xihao. "Characterization of Perphenazine and Scopolamine Aerosols Generated Using the Capillary Aerosol Generator." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/901.

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The characterization of perphenazine and scopolamine aerosols generated using the capillary aerosol generator (CAG) was reported. Variables including steady state power, the formulation vehicle, the drug concentration and the formulation flow rate were studied for their effects on the chemical stability and particle size of these drug aerosols.Stability-indicating HPLC and LC-MS assays were developed and validated for perphenazine and scopolamine, respectively. The chemical stability of each compound was investigated under a variety of stress conditions and the structure of degradation products was proposed.Perphenazine aerosols were generated from propylene glycol (PG) formulations with concentrations of 9, 48 and 90mM at formulation flow rates of 2.5 and 5.0µL/s at a series of steady state powers. At higher aerosolization powers, the low concentration formulation (9mM) degraded with dehalogenation being the major pathway. The size of perphenazine aerosols was between 0.4 to 0.6µm. Changing the solute concentration produced only small changes (~0.2µm) in perphenazine aerosol particle size. The formulation flow rate did not significantly affect the aerosol size.Scopolamine degraded significantly when aerosolized in PG formulations. It was possible to generate chemically stable scopolamine aerosols from ethanol formulations. Significant amounts of degradation products were formed only at or above 4.6W at 5.0µL/s. Hydrolysis and dehydration appeared to be the major degradation pathways at higher powers and low formulation flow rate. The MMAD of scopolamine aerosols was between 0.5 and 2.0µm from 8, 20 and 40mM formulations at 5.0 and 10.0µL/s. The size of scopolamine aerosols increased as a function of increasing the solute concentration. Increasing the formulation flow rate increased the linear velocity of the spray, thus the Reynolds number was increased and smaller particles were generated.
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Evans, Richard M. "Solubilization of drugs within chlorofluorocarbon based pressurized aerosols." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308655.

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Vinchurkar, Samir C. "Numerical Analysis of Respiratory Aerosol Deposition: Effects of Exhalation, Airway Constriction and Electrostatic Charge." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/2014.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2008.
Prepared for: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-233). Also available online via the Internet.
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Mohan, Megha. "INFLUENCE OF ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE UPON THE DEPOSITION BEHAVIOR OF PHARMACEUTICAL AEROSOLS WITHIN CASCADE IMPACTORS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/423.

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Cascade impactors, routinely used for in vitro particle size characterization of pharmaceutical aerosols, are calibrated using dilute, charge-neutralized, monodisperse aerosols. But pharmaceutical aerosols are known to generate concentrated, inherently charged, polydisperse aerosol clouds. A computational model of the Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI) suggested that the presence of charge on aerosol particles may influence their deposition within the ACI, but experimental validation of the model is warranted. This dissertation investigates the influence of electrostatic charge upon the deposition behavior of aerosols within cascade impactors, to address the impact of charge on particle size characterization. The influence of applied charge upon the deposition pattern and aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD) of commercially available pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) within the Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) was examined. Electrostatic properties were modified using an external voltage source in conjunction with the ELPI corona charger and observed to be dependent on the formulation and device packaging. Induced artificial charge on the aerosol particles influenced the deposition pattern within the impactor, but did not result in a significant change in the apparent APSD. An experimental apparatus capable of producing charge neutralized and charged aerosol, with targeted deposition on the CFD predicted ‘charge sensitive’ ACI stages, was developed. In vitro results were observed to be in partial agreement with the CFD predictions. While charge influenced the deposition pattern in the ACI with increased deposition observed in the charger and on the upper stages of the ACI, it did not influence the apparent APSD of the aerosol. Electrostatic charge effects on deposition behavior within cascade impactors were delineated with respect to space charge and image charge effects by investigating the influence of impactor grounding, particle size, stage coating and loading. While the deposition pattern within the ACI was influenced by charge, only stage coating and stage loading resulted in a small, significant difference in the apparent APSD, which may not be practically relevant due to the variability associated with in vitro aerosol testing. Similar trends were observed in the deposition behavior of charge neutralized and charged aerosol within an abbreviated ACI system compared to the full resolution ACI.
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Books on the topic "Pharmaceutical aerosols"

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1955-, Hickey Anthony J., ed. Pharmaceutical inhalation aerosol technology. 2nd ed. New York: M. Dekker, 2004.

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Hickey, Anthony J., and Sandro R. P. da Rocha, eds. Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429055201.

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1955-, Hickey Anthony J., and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Controlled Pulmonary Drug Delivery. New York, NY: Controlled Release Society, 2011.

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Finlay, Warren H. Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols: An Introduction. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2019.

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Finlay, Warren H. Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols: An Introduction. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2001.

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Finlay, Warren H. Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols: An Introduction. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2019.

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The Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols: An Introduction. Academic Press, 2001.

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The Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2018-0-00116-4.

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The Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-256971-5.x5000-7.

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1955-, Hickey Anthony J., ed. Pharmaceutical inhalation aerosol technology. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pharmaceutical aerosols"

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Murnane, Darragh, Victoria Hutter, and Marie Harang. "Pharmaceutical Aerosols and Pulmonary Drug Delivery." In Aerosol Science, 221–69. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118682555.ch10.

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Hickey, Anthony J., and David Swift. "Measurement of Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Inhalation Aerosols." In Aerosol Measurement, 805–20. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118001684.ch39.

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Hickey, Anthony J., and Sandro R. P. da Rocha. "Introduction." In Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 1–2. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429055201-1.

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Strickland, Helen N., and Beth Morgan. "Quality by Control." In Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 249–70. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429055201-10.

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Tan, Bernice Mei Jin, Lai Wah Chan, and Paul Wan Sia Heng. "Milling and Blending: Producing the Right Particles and Blend Characteristics for Dry Powder Inhalation." In Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 273–89. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429055201-11.

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Carrigy, Nicholas, and Reinhard Vehring. "Engineering Stable Spray-Dried Biologic Powder for Inhalation." In Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 291–326. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429055201-12.

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Aguiar-Ricardo, Ana, and Eunice Costa. "Supercritical Fluid Manufacture." In Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 327–47. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429055201-13.

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Lechuga-Ballesteros, David, Susan Hoe, and Benjamin W. Maynor. "Particle Engineering Technology for Inhaled Therapies." In Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 349–61. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429055201-14.

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Costabile, Gabriella, and Olivia M. Merkel. "Emerging Pulmonary Delivery Strategies in Gene Therapy: State of the Art and Future Considerations." In Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 365–87. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429055201-15.

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Zhang, Ying, and Hao Yin. "Genome Editing for Genetic Lung Diseases." In Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 389–402. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429055201-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pharmaceutical aerosols"

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Versteeg, Henk K., Graham K. Hargrave, Perry A. Genova, Robert C. Williams, Dan Deaton, and Prashant Kakade. "Design Optimisation of Novel Pharmaceutical Actuator Using Optical Diagnostics." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58173.

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Pharmaceutical metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are drug delivery devices that are designed to produce self-propelled aerosols for inhalation therapies. Conventional MDI actuators use configurations based on a “two-orifice-and-sump” design. This promotes partial expansion of the propellant as a pre-atomisation stage. The final aerosol contains large numbers of respirable particles (1–5μm), but the aerosol plume velocity tends to be very high (50–100m/s). The KOS Vortex Nozzle Assembly (VNA) is an innovative actuator concept, which enables a measure of control of plume velocity. The device utilises a combination of a vortex chamber and a Bernoulli horn to reduce the plume velocity whilst increasing the respirable fraction of drug particles. The aerosol generation process in all MDIs, including the KOS VNA, inevitably leads to a certain amount of internal and external drug deposition, which represents an inefficiency of the drug delivery technology that can threaten dose uniformity. This paper reports the findings of an experimental study using optical diagnostics to investigate the primary atomization mechanism and external drug deposition in the VNA. High-speed video imaging is used to document the developing aerosol plume in the near-orifice and mouthpiece regions as well as the flow regime inside the vortex chamber using transparent versions of the VNA manufactured by means of rapid prototyping. We consider how the improved understanding of the flow processes resulting from this study supports measurements of fine-particle fractions and mouthpiece deposition. We also discuss how this type of fundamental investigation using optical diagnostics can be used to drive design improvements to identify VNA geometries with improved aerosol properties and reduced external drug deposition.
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AUGUSTO, L. L. X., G. C. LOPES, and J. A. S. GONÇALVES. "PHARMACEUTICAL AEROSOLS DEPOSITION DURING INHALATION, BREATH HOLDING AND EXHALATION USING CFD." In XX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeq2014-1489-19037-152591.

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Hyun, Sinjae, Sun Jin Moon, and Chong S. Kim. "Computational Modeling of Aerosol Deposition Characteristics in Cyclic Bifurcating Tube Flow." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19169.

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An accurate model of the human respiratory system allows health scientists to gain insight into the interactions between particulate matter (PM) and the exposed surfaces of the lung airways. Respiratory dose simulations and modeling are frequently used for evaluating health effects of inhaled toxic substances [1–4] and for analyzing the risk potentials of inhaled toxic or harmful PM such as vehicle emissions [4,5]. Pharmaceutical companies and pulmonologists find it useful in evaluating efficacy of inhaled medicinal aerosols and devising new patient treatment regimen [6–8], especially in vulnerable population groups such as children, industrial workers, and the elderly [10]. Recently, the respiratory system has seen increased attention as a possible venue for drug delivery to fight diseases such as AIDS, diabetes, and various cancers, among others. Computational fluid dynamics modeling and simulation continues to be an important tool for understanding of delivery of pharmaceutical aerosols to the lung airways and thereby improving treatment of airway disease, particularly, asthma with bronchodilators and corticosteroids inhalers [11,12].
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Kugler, Sz, A. Kerekes, A. Nagy, and A. Czitrovszky. "Experimental investigation of the properties of pharmaceutical aerosols with laser-based optical measurement techniques." In 2018 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lo.2018.8435865.

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Kim, Jinho, and Jim S. Chen. "Effect of Inhaling Patterns on Aerosol Drug Delivery: CFD Simulation." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66685.

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Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols (IPAs) delivery has great potential in treatment of a variety of respiratory diseases, including asthma, pulmonary diseases, and allergies. Aerosol delivery has many advantages. It delivers medication directly to where it is needed and it is effective in much lower doses than required for oral administration. Currently, there are several types of IPA delivery systems, including pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI), the dry powder inhaler (DPI), and the medical nebulizer. IPAs should be delivered deep into the respiratory system where the drug substance can be absorbed into blood through the capillaries via the alveoli. Researchers have proved that most aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameter of about 1–5 μm, if slowly and deeply inhaled, could be deposited in the peripheral regions that are rich in alveoli [1–3]. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of various inhaling rates with breath-holding pause on the aerosol deposition (Dp = 0.5–5 μm) in a human upper airway model extending from mouth to 3rd generation of trachea. The oral airway model is three dimensional and non-planar configurations. The dimensions of the model are adapted from a human cast. The air flow is assumed to be unsteady, laminar, and incompressible. The investigation is carried out by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using the software Fluent 6.2. The user-defined function (UDF) is employed to simulate the cyclic inspiratory flows for different IPA inhalation patterns. When an aerosol particle enters the mouth respiratory tract, its particles experience abrupt changes in direction. The secondary flow changes its direction as the airflow passes curvature. Intensity of the secondary flow is strong after first bend at pharynx and becomes weaker after larynx. In flow separation, a particle can be trapped and follow the eddy and deposit on the surface. Particle deposition fraction generally increases as particle size and inhaling airflow velocity increase.
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Dufour, Françoise, and Gavin Davies. "Virtual Assessment of the Performance of an Inhalation Drug Delivery Device." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176368.

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Inhalation therapies are gaining popularity for both respiratory and non-respiratory therapies. However the challenge remains to achieve optimal drug delivery because of the complex interaction between inhaler devices, drug formulations along with patients’ coordination and physiology. In order to lower R&D costs and efforts, and understand better the mechanics of pharmaceutical aerosols, system designers are looking for comprehensive tools enabling them to reproduce virtual inhalation processes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques represent a non-invasive way of predicting the fate of inhaled medication from oral or nasal delivery devices. The object of this work is to apply CFD methodology to model the full inhalation mechanism, from the drug dispersion inside the device and delivery to the patient, to its journey within the respiratory tract.
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Somani, Imshaan, Jonathan Whitten, Sinjae Hyun, and Chong S. Kim. "Effects of Sedimentation on Particle Deposition in the Lung Alveoli." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192934.

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Deposition of inhaled particles in the lung is one of the key factors for assessing toxic effects of airborne pollutant particles on one hand and for evaluating efficacy of inhalant pharmaceutical aerosols on the other side. Due to the geometric complexity and time-dependency of respiratory tracks, the correct prediction of the particle transport and deposition in the lung airway has been studied with experimental and computational approaches. The human alveolar duct, which connects the alveoli to the bronchioles of the lung, is recently the subject of interest within mathematical modeling because of its implications to drug delivery and ingestion of pollutants. Series of computational approaches have been performed to model the entire lung using 1-dimensional and “trumpet” model analyses [1,2]. Although these models represent with reasonable approximation of the regional particle deposition characteristics, they do not account for the local intricacy of particle transport and deposition in the acinus region, consisting of the alveolar duct and alveoli.
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Pitter, M. C., K. I. Hopcraft, A. P. Bates, E. Jakeman, and J. G. Walker. "Measurement of particle shape using polarisation fluctuations of scattered light." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cfj2.

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The shape of particles and their orientations in space are of importance in the manufacture of aerosols, paints and coatings, pharmaceuticals and to sensing and imaging through turbid random media The use of polarised radiation affords a greater flexibility to address these characteristics through the use of light scattering techniques In the case of scattering by many very small particles, polarisation ratios, distributions and correlation functions of scattered polarised light all require additional information to resolve measurement ambiguities. However, we have recently shown [1] that the shape of the probability density of scattered radiation from a single small scatterer provides a means to determine the shape of spheroidal particles uniquely.
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Z. B., Tong, Yang R. Y, Yu A. B, Adi S, and Chan H. -K. "Particle Scale Modelling of the Dispersion of Dry Powder in Pharmaceutical Aerosol Inhalers." In 5th Asian Particle Technology Symposium. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-2518-1_090.

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Gorny, Ramona Klaudia, Gerhard Schaldach, Peter Walzel, and Markus Thommes. "Spray Conditioning for the Preparation of Spray Dried Submicron Particles." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4701.

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Particle size reduction down to the submicron range (0.1-1 µm) is an effective option to increase the bioavailabilityof low water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients. According to the Nernst-Brunner equation, the preparation of submicron sized particles increases the specific surface area, thus increases the dissolution rate. Conventional spray drying devices for submicron particles show certain limitations. The main challenge is the preparation of small and uniform droplets during the atomisation step. In this work, fine droplets were generated combining a nozzle with a droplet separator. Therefore, the aerosol is generated with a pneumatic nozzle and is sprayed into a cyclone droplet separator. Depending on the characteristics of the cyclone, droplets larger than the cut-off-size were separated and returned into the liquid feed. The conditioned aerosol at the top of the cyclone separator can then be introduced into the drying chamber. With this concept the usable part is separated, thus no classification process after drying is necessary. The investigations show that the dependencies during atomisation of the droplets size on the liquid-to-gas mass flow ratio µm and the liquid properties (e.g. viscosity) do not apply to the separation step. The conditioned aerosol only depends on the separation characteristics of the cyclone droplet separator. However, the amount of droplets separated is determined by the atomisation step. Hence, the amount of droplets smaller than the cut-off-size can be increased by decreasing the droplet size of the primary aerosol. This is realised by secondary droplet fragmentation. An impact surface causes breakup of the droplets of theprimary aerosol before separation. The investigations show an increased amount of droplets <2µm.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4701
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