Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phage typing / Journal articles
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Phage typing.

Journal articles on the topic 'Phage typing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Phage typing.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Markowsky, George, Melvin Gershman, and Jacqueline Hunter. "Phage typing sets." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 16, no. 6-7 (June 1992): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(92)90156-f.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ward, L. R., J. D. H. de Sa, and B. Rowe. "A phage-typing scheme for Salmonella enteritidis." Epidemiology and Infection 99, no. 2 (October 1987): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800067765.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYFor many years phage typing has proved invaluable in epidemiological studies on Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi A and B, S. typhimurium and a few other serotypes. A phage-typing scheme for S. enteritidis is described. This scheme to date differentiates 27 types using 10 typing phages.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Coward, Chris, Andrew J. Grant, Craig Swift, Jennifer Philp, Rebecca Towler, Mohammad Heydarian, Jennifer A. Frost, and Duncan J. Maskell. "Phase-Variable Surface Structures Are Required for Infection of Campylobacter jejuni by Bacteriophages." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 7 (July 2006): 4638–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00184-06.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT This study characterizes the interaction between Campylobacter jejuni and the 16 phages used in the United Kingdom typing scheme by screening spontaneous mutants of the phage-type strains and transposon mutants of the sequenced strain NCTC 11168. We show that the 16 typing phages fall into four groups based on their patterns of activity against spontaneous mutants. Screens of transposon and defined mutants indicate that the phage-bacterium interaction for one of these groups appears to involve the capsular polysaccharide (CPS), while two of the other three groups consist of flagellatropic phages. The expression of CPS and flagella is potentially phase variable in C. jejuni, and the implications of these findings for typing and intervention strategies are discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Richardson, J. F., P. Aparicio, R. R. Marples, and B. D. Cookson. "Ribotyping ofStaphylococcus aureus: an assessment using well–defined strains." Epidemiology and Infection 112, no. 1 (February 1994): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800057459.

Full text
Abstract:
SummaryRibotyping, with homologous or heterologous (Escherichia coli) r–RNA, of the propagating strains for phages of the international set for strains ofStaphylococcus aureusof human origin was undertaken to determine the discrimination of this typing method. Ribotyping could distinguish between strains of different phage groups, but could not distinguish between seven phage group III strains of different phage type. Ribotyping may be a useful adjunct to phage typing inS. aureusbut is unlikely to replace it as the primary method of epidemiological typing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Ortel, S. "Phage-typing of Listeria." International Journal of Food Microbiology 8, no. 3 (June 1989): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(89)90019-6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Vindel, Ana, Cecilia Martín-Bourgon, Juan A. Saez-Nieto, and Saez Nieto. "Characterization of non-typable strains ofStaphylococcus aureusfrom cases of hospital infection." Epidemiology and Infection 99, no. 1 (August 1987): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800067029.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYA high percentage of non-typable (NT)Staphylococcus aureusstrains was isolated in Spanish hospitals during 1984 and 1985. Several alternative methods of typing were employed to study these isolates. These were: phage-typing at 1000 × RTD, phage-typing after heat-treatment (48 °C), thermal shock (56 °C), reverse-typing and induction of additional phages. Using these methods the number of NT isolates was reducedby 60%. Best results were obtained with heat-treatment. Additional phages and reverse-typing were also useful.A scheme for the study of outbreaks and sporadic cases caused by NT strains is proposed using the methods described.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Pereira, A. Torres, and J. A. G. Melo Cristino. "Phage typing of Staphylococcus saprophyticus." Epidemiology and Infection 107, no. 3 (December 1991): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800049256.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYThis study included 502 staphylococcus strains; Staphylococcus saprophyticus (297 strains) S. cohnii (47), S. xylosus (10), S. epidermidis (67) and S. aureus (81). Mitomycin C induction was performed on 100 isolates of S. saprophyticus and all induced strains were reacted with each other. Twenty-six strains proved to be lysogenic. Phages were propagated and titrated. With 12 of the phages there were three frequent associations, named lytic groups A, B and C, which included 75% of all typable strains. Typability of the system was 45% and reproducibility was between 94.2% and 100%. Phages did not lyse S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains, but they lysed S. saprophyticus and only rare strains of other novobiocin resistant species. Effective S. saprophyticus typing serves ecological purposes and tracing the origin of urinary strains from the skin or mucous membranes. Phage typing in association with plasmid profiling previously described, are anticipated as complementary methods with strong discriminatory power for differentiating among S. saprophyticus strains.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Threlfall, E. J., B. Rowe, and L. R. Ward. "Subdivision ofSalmonella enteritidisphage types by plasmid profile typing." Epidemiology and Infection 102, no. 3 (June 1989): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880003017x.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYDifferentiation ofSalmonella enteritidisby plasmid profile typing has been compared to differentiation by phage typing. Examination of the type strains of the 27S. enteritidisphage types showed that only 11 profile patterns could be identified. Moreover, two profile patterns were found in 15 of the type strains, including those of the two most common phage types in Britain, types 4 and 8. On this basis, plasmid profile typing is not as sensitive as phage typing for the primary subdivision ofS. enteritidis.When differentiation of 534 strains of the 27 phage types was attempted using plasmid profiles, variation in pattern suitable for epidemiologieal subdivision was found in 13 phage types and there were 9 profile patterns in strains of phage type 4. Plasmid profile typing can, therefore, be regarded as an effective adjunct to phage typing for the subdivision ofS. enteritidis
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

MILLER, T., P. G. BRAUN, K. FEHLHABER, R. PRAGER, Y. PFEIFER, and W. RABSCH. "Typing ofSalmonella entericaserovar Infantis isolates from 51 outbreaks in Germany between 1974 and 2009 by a novel phage-typing scheme." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 1 (March 21, 2013): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881300037x.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYWe developed a new phage-typing method and evaluated its application in combination withXbaI macrorestriction analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) as a useful tool for the long-term epidemiology ofSalmonella entericaserovar Infantis. In this study, we investigated 1008S.Infantis isolates recovered from humans, various animal species and food products from 1973 to 2009. The typing scheme is based on 17 typing phages, defining 61 different patterns within the strain collection. The experiments showed that phage typing is a reliable method for differentiation of outbreaks and sporadic clinical cases as well as for elucidation of chains of transmission. The combined analysis of phage typing and PFGE revealed the existence of epidemic clones with a high stability over time like PT29/XB27 which was identified in nosocomial salmonellosis, community outbreaks as well as in broiler chickens from 2002 to 2009.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Khakhria, R., and H. Lior. "Extended phage-typing scheme forCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coli." Epidemiology and Infection 108, no. 3 (June 1992): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800049918.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYThe extended phage-typing scheme described forCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter colihas established 46 different phage types using 19 typing phages. Altogether 754 campylobacter isolates, 672C. jejuniand 82C. coli, isolated from human and non-human sources received from 17 different countries were phage-typed. Overall, 80·6% of the total isolates were typable. Among typable strains, 9 phage types (3, 5, 10, 11, 18, 19, 23, 26 and 44) represented 57·0% of the strains, 21·3% of the strains belonged to another 37 phage types and the remaining 2·3% of isolates were designated atypical. The most common phage type 11 (140/754) was frequently observed amongC. jejuniisolates from human (113/561) and non-human sources (18/111). whereas type 44 was frequent amongC. coliisolates from human (22/59) and from non-human sources (8/23). A study of the animal host-associations of common phage types showed that contaminated cattle and poultry appear to be the most common sources of human infection. The greatest variety of phage types was observed in Canada (24 phage types), followed by Portugal (17 types) and the UK (14 types), reflecting the larger sample sizes from these countries. Phage type 11 was encountered in 12 different countries and prevalence of other phage types varied from one country to another. The number of isolates typable with the scheme varied from 93·2% (261/280) in Canada to 61% (47/77) in Thailand. However, the number and diversity of phage types makes phage typing the method of choice in epidemiological studies of campylobacter infections.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Cuny, C., H. H. Schassan, and W. Witte. "Outbreak of nosocomial infections with two different MRSA-strains involved: significance of genomic DNA fragment patterns in strains otherwise difficult to type." Epidemiology and Infection 111, no. 1 (August 1993): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800056673.

Full text
Abstract:
SummaryMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolates from an outbreak of 17 cases of wound infection in a municipal hospital were typed by conventional methods, phage typing by three sets of phages, reverse phage typing and plasmid profiles, as well as by genomic DNA fragment patterns obtained afterSma-I digestion and pulsed-field electrophoresis. These isolates were non-typable by phages, only some were typable by reverse phage typing and were not uniform in plasmid profile. Only the genomic DNA fragment patterns resulted in a clear discrimination of 2 strains (12 isolates for the first and 7 isolates for the second). Both strains were disseminated in different wards of the same hospital and one strain had obviously spread to another clinic in the same city.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

SJÖBERG, LENNART, and ALF A. LINDBERG. "PHAGE TYPING OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 74, no. 1 (August 17, 2009): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1968.tb03455.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Overturf, G. D., D. A. Talan, K. Singer, N. Anderson, J. I. Miller, R. T. Greene, and S. Froman. "Phage typing of Staphylococcus intermedius." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 29, no. 2 (1991): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.29.2.373-375.1991.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Audurier, A., and C. Martin. "Phage typing of Listeria monocytogenes." International Journal of Food Microbiology 8, no. 3 (June 1989): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(89)90022-6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Gershman, M., J. A. Hunter, R. J. Harmon, R. A. Wilson, and G. Markowsky. "Phage typing set for differentiating Staphylococcus epidermidis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 1358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-240.

Full text
Abstract:
A phage typing set composed of 13 phages is described for characterizing Staphylococcus epidermidis. Isolates (372) from cases of bovine mastitis were used in this study. Of these, 350 or 94% were successfully delineated, and 63 phage types were observed. Twenty two cultures were not typeable.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Doran, Geraldine, Dearbhaile Morris, Colette O'Hare, Niall DeLappe, Bernard Bradshaw, Geraldine Corbett-Feeney, and Martin Cormican. "Cost-Effective Application of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis to Typing of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 12 (December 2005): 8236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.8236-8240.2005.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is frequently isolated from humans and animals. Phage typing is historically the first-line reference typing technique in Europe. It is rapid and convenient for laboratories with appropriate training and experience, and costs of consumables are low. Phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed on 503 isolates of serovar Typhimurium. Twenty-nine phage types and 53 PFGE patterns were observed. Most isolates of phage types DT104, DT104b, and U310 are not distinguishable from other members of their phage type by PFGE. By contrast, PFGE of isolates of phage types DT193 and U302 shows great heterogeneity. Analysis of experience with PFGE and phage typing can facilitate the selective application of PFGE to maximize the yield of epidemiologically relevant additional information while controlling costs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Eisenstark, Abraham, Wolfgang Rabsch, and Hans-W. Ackermann. "Morphology of Salmonella Typhimurium typing phages of the Lilleengen set." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 12 (December 2009): 1403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w09-095.

Full text
Abstract:
The Lilleengen scheme for typing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium consists of 12 tailed phages. Ten phages are podoviruses and morphologically identical to Salmonella phage P22. Two phages are siphoviruses and identical to flagella-specific phage χ.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Nørrung, B., and P. Gerner-Smith. "Comparison of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), ribotyping, restriction enzyme analysis (REA) and phage typing for typing ofListeria monocytogenes." Epidemiology and Infection 111, no. 1 (August 1993): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800056697.

Full text
Abstract:
SummaryThe discriminatory power of four methods for typing ofListeria monocytogeneswas compared. The four methods were multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), ribotyping, restriction enzyme analysis (REA), and a newly developed Danish phage typing system. Ninety-nine human clinical, food and slaughterhouse isolates ofListeria monocytogeneswere typed by each method. The most discriminatory single typing method was phage typing with an overall discriminatory index (DI) of 0·88 followed by REA, MEE and ribotyping with DI-values at 0·87, 0·83 and 0·79 respectively. Considering strains from each of the two predominant O-serotypes alone, serotype 1 was best discriminated by the molecular typing methods, in particular REA, which showed a DI of 0·92. The serotype 4 strains were best discriminated by phage typing (DI = 0·78). If two or more typing methods were combined, the combination of REA and MEE were found to be the most discriminatory combination. The DI values were 0·96, 0·74 and 0·90 for serotype 1, 4, and both combined, respectively. Phage typing is a rapid and inexpensive typing method but not as reproducible as the molecular typing methods. It is the most suitable method for mass screening. In situations where results are required to be highly reliable, i.e. when studying the relationships between only a few strains, a single or a combination of molecular typing methods should be used, preferable MEE and REA.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Sharma, N. C., R. Bhatia, S. Singh, P. C. John, S. Kumar, and H. Singh. "Bacteriophage typing inSalmonella bareilly." Epidemiology and Infection 112, no. 1 (February 1994): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880005740x.

Full text
Abstract:
SummaryA total of 675 stdrains ofSalmonella bareillyreceived from different parts of India and France during 1959–92 were phage typed using six bacteriophages. Overall ttypability achieved was 90·8% with 23 distinctphage types excluding a group of untypable strains. Phage types have been defined in octal code. Simpson's coefficient was applied for diversity index having a value of 0·839. This system was found to be reproducible, stable and epidemiologically useful.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Vogelsang, Th M., and B. öStervold. "THE STABILITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL PHAGE TYPING." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 47, no. 4 (August 18, 2009): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1959.tb04812.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Boussard, P., A. Pithsy, M. J. Devleeschouwer, and J. Dony. "Phage typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci." Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 17, no. 3 (June 1992): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2710.1992.tb01286.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Parisi, Joseph T. "Phage typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 7, no. 8 (April 1985): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-4399(85)80068-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Chambers, R. M., P. McAdam, J. D. H. Sa, L. R. Ward, and B. Rowe. "A phage-typing scheme forSalmonella virchow." FEMS Microbiology Letters 40, no. 2-3 (February 1987): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02016.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Singh, G., N. C. Sharma, M. Jayasheela, and S. N. Saxena. "A study of the epidemiology of Salmonella bareilly in India usinga new phage-typing system." Epidemiology and Infection 100, no. 2 (April 1988): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800067352.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYA total of 637 strains of Salmonella bareilly received from different parts of India between 1959 and 1985 were phage typed using five locally isolated wild phages. The overall typability was 94·5% and 11 different phagc types could be defined. Phago types 10 and 1 were the most prevalent and the geographical and source distribution is described.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Kirchhelle, Claas. "The forgotten typers: The rise and fall of Weimar bacteriophage-typing (1921–1935)." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 74, no. 4 (October 16, 2019): 539–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2019.0020.

Full text
Abstract:
Using bacteriophages to type (identify) bacteria was one of the most important tools of twentieth-century epidemiology. Challenging existing accounts’ focus on Anglophone research, this paper shows that modern phage-typing arose in German-speaking continental laboratories from 1921 onwards. Several factors contributed to this rise: the limitations of existing phenotypic systems; demobilized German bacteriologists’ interwar engagement with phages as a means to explore bacterial type variation; the existence of well-stocked and well-defined microbial culture collections with a strong focus on typhoid and paratyphoid; the standardization, free provision and calibration of phage diagnostic systems by a centralized laboratory network; and phage-typers’ implicit agreement to black-box ontological controversies about phages' nature in favour of a mission-oriented focus on practical epidemiological applications. The result was an experimental system that simultaneously treated phages as technical objects and epistemic things. Although the human network supporting phage-typing collapsed after the Nazi rise to power, Weimar-era phage researchers laid the foundation for modern phage-based diagnostics and epidemiology.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

SHIMIZU, Mikio, Matsuhisa INOUE, Shichirou MIYAZAWA, and Takeshi ITOH. "Isolation of Phages and Phage Typing of Bacillus cereus." Japanese Journal of Food Microbiology 15, no. 3/4 (1998): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5803/jsfm.15.147.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

KAFATOS, G., N. ANDREWS, I. A. GILLESPIE, A. CHARLETT, G. K. ADAK, E. De PINNA, and E. J. THRELFALL. "Impact of reduced numbers of isolates phage-typed on the detection of Salmonella outbreaks." Epidemiology and Infection 137, no. 6 (October 17, 2008): 821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808001234.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of reductions in the number of isolates tested by phage-typing on the recognition of outbreaks of salmonellosis. Five outbreaks (categorized as ‘small’, ‘medium’ or ‘large’) which occurred in England in 2005 were used as examples. The outbreaks were caused by serotypes which were subdivided by phage-typing. Results indicated that reducing the number of isolates phage-typed would have an impact on the surveillance system, with one outbreak likely to have been missed altogether. However, this does not have a great effect on the ‘time-to-detection’ for the other outbreaks. Assuming no testing for phage-typing was undertaken it is likely that two out of five outbreaks would not have been detected. Assessing the value of phage-type information is important not only in deciding on the efficiency of the current surveillance system but also in providing a basis upon which to assess more detailed typing methodologies such as an antibiogram of molecular profile.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

BHOWMICK, T. S., M. DAS, and B. L. SARKAR. "Evaluation ofVcAVNTR as a strain-typing and phylogeny study method ofVibrio choleraestrains." Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 11 (March 5, 2010): 1637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810000427.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYThis study attempted to examine the relatedness between RAPD–PCR, PFGE andVcAVNTR results with those of conventional phage typing ofV. choleraestrains and to evaluateVcAVNTR as an indispensable molecular-typing tool that accomplishes the urgent need for effective epidemiological surveillance. All the O1 El Tor strains were predominantly clustered into phage type T27 with the new phage-typing scheme. Using RAPD–PCR, a total of 69 O1 El Tor strains were grouped under 16 different electrophoretic patterns. A total of 33 pulsotypes were identified in these strains by PFGE.VcAVNTR revealed highVcApolymorphism in allV. choleraestrains incorporated in this study. Our results underline the considerable potential ofVcAVNTR analysis as a tool for molecular typing ofV. cholerae.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Khakhria, R., D. Duck, and H. Lior. "Extended phage-typing scheme forEscherichia coli0157:H7." Epidemiology and Infection 105, no. 3 (December 1990): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800048135.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYIn Canada, the number of human isolates of verotoxigenic (VT +ve)Escherichia coli0157:H7 from diarrhoeal cases and haemolytic uraemic syndrome and haemorrhagic colitis has increased from 25 in 1982 to 2384 in 1989. A total of 3273 VT + veE. coli0157:H7 strains (3255 strains isolated in Canada and 18 isolates from other countries) were phage typed. The phage typing scheme has been extended from 14 to 62 phage types. Of these, five types occurred exclusively in other countries (type 47 in Japan; and types 49, 50, 51 and 52 in the U.K.). Thirty-five different phage types were identified in Canada; only nine of these (1, 2, 4, 8, 14, 21, 23, 31 and 32), each accounted for more than 1 % of the cases from human sources. The same nine types were the only ones observed among the isolates from non-human sources (meat and slaughter houses) suggesting a food-borne transmission in most of the human cases. Phage types 1 (30·5%); 4 (21%); 8 (13·5%); 31 (8·9%) and 14 (8%) were encountered in varying frequencies in most of the provinces; infrequently occurring phage types also showed regional variation. Thirteen different phage types were identified among 151 outbreaks representing 556 isolates ofE. coli0157:H7. More than one phage type were encountered in 12 outbreaks whereas in 141 outbreaks, all strains in each, had the same phage type.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

ESTELA, LUIS A., JOHN N. SOFOS, and BARBARA B. FLORES. "Bacteriophage Typing of Listeria monocytogenes Cultures Isolated From Seafoods." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.1.13.

Full text
Abstract:
Listeria monocytogenes cultures isolated from a variety of seafoods were subjected to phage typing procedures utilizing the French International set of L. monocytogenes bacteriophages. These cultures were also subjected to the activity of newly isolated North American phages to L. monocytogenes. There were 147 serotype 1/2 and 80 serotype 4b L. monocytogenes cultures isolated from 16 varieties of marine products included in this study. L. monocytogenes was most frequently isolated from crab meat, salmon, and shrimp. Bacteriophages to serotype 1/2 isolates most frequently observed as single patterns were 575, 1967, 2685, and 19. Serotype 4b phages observed most frequently were 1317, 2425, and 52 as single phage patterns, and 52/340/110/108/2671/2425/2389 and the new North American phages 90861/910716/93253/90666 as one complete spectrum. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes and their respective phage spectra observed in the 16 varieties of seafoods studied is discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Carroll, P. J., and P. G. Francis. "The basic phage set for typing bovine staphylococci." Journal of Hygiene 95, no. 3 (December 1985): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400060769.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYTwo hundred and sixty-nine Staphylococcus aureus cultures isolated from bovine milk were subjected to phagc typing using the International basic set of 16 phages at Routine Test Dilution. In the current study 73·6% of cultures were ‘typable’ compared with 84–89% in 1972 when the set was first recommended. The set remains capable of typing the majority of bovine staphylococci but shows a reduction in lysogenicity of most of its phages.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Rabsch, Wolfgang, R. Allen Helm, and Abraham Eisenstark. "Diversity of Phage Types among Archived Cultures of the Demerec Collection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Strains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 2 (February 2004): 664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.2.664-669.2004.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The existence of several thousand Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 and LT7 cultures originally collected by M. Demerec and sealed in agar stab vials for 33 to 46 years is a resource for evolutionary and mutational studies. Cultures from 74 of these vials, descendants of cells sealed and stored in nutrient agar stabs several decades ago, were phage typed by the Callow and Felix, Lilleengen, and Anderson systems. Among 53 LT2 archived strains, 16 had the same phage type as the nonarchival sequenced LT2 strain. The other 37 archived cultures differed in phage typing pattern from the sequenced strain. These 37 strains were divided into 10 different phage types. Among the 19 LT7 strains, only one was similar to the parent by phage typing, while 18 were different. These 18 strains fell into eight different phage types. The typing systems were developed to track epidemics from source to consumer, as well as geographic spread. The value of phage typing is dependent upon the stability of the phage type of any given strain throughout the course of the investigation. Thus, the variation over time observed in these archived cultures is particularly surprising. Possible mechanisms for such striking diversity may include loss of prophages, prophage mosaics as a result of recombination events, changes in phage receptor sites on the bacterial cell surface, or mutations in restriction-modification systems.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Sechter, I., F. Mestre, and D. S. Hansen. "Twenty-three years of Klebsiella phage typing: a review of phage typing of 12 clusters of nosocomial infections, and a comparison of phage typing with K serotyping." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 6, no. 5 (May 2000): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.00070.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Mohammed, Manal, and Beata Orzechowska. "Characterisation of Phage Susceptibility Variation in Salmonellaenterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040865.

Full text
Abstract:
The surge in mortality and morbidity rates caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria prompted a renewal of interest in bacteriophages (phages) as clinical therapeutics and natural biocontrol agents. Nevertheless, bacteria and phages are continually under the pressure of the evolutionary phage–host arms race for survival, which is mediated by co-evolving resistance mechanisms. In Anderson phage typing scheme of Salmonella Typhimurium, the epidemiologically related definitive phage types, DT104 and DT104b, display significantly different phage susceptibility profiles. This study aimed to characterise phage resistance mechanisms and genomic differences that may be responsible for the divergent phage reaction patterns in S. Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b using whole genome sequencing (WGS). The analysis of intact prophages, restriction–modification systems (RMS), plasmids and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), as well as CRISPR-associated proteins, revealed no unique genetic determinants that might explain the variation in phage susceptibility among the two phage types. Moreover, analysis of genes coding for potential phage receptors revealed no differences among DT104 and DT104b strains. However, the findings propose the need for experimental assessment of phage-specific receptors on the bacterial cell surface and analysis of bacterial transcriptome using RNA sequencing which will explain the differences in bacterial susceptibility to phages. Using Anderson phage typing scheme of Salmonella Typhimurium for the study of bacteria-phage interaction will help improving our understanding of host–phage interactions which will ultimately lead to the development of phage-based technologies, enabling effective infection control.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Chakrabarti, A. K., A. N. Ghosh, G. Balakrish Nair, S. K. Niyogi, S. K. Bhattacharya, and B. L. Sarkar. "Development and Evaluation of a Phage Typing Scheme for Vibrio cholerae O139." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 1 (January 2000): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.1.44-49.2000.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The scenario of cholera that existed previously changed in 1992 and 1993 with the emergence of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O139 in India. The genesis of the new serogroup formed the impetus to search for O139 phages in and around the country. A total of five newly isolated phages lytic to V. cholerae O139 strains were used for the development of this phage typing scheme. These phages differed from each other and also differed from the existing O1 phages in their lytic patterns, morphologies, restriction endonuclease digestion profiles, and immunological criteria. With this scheme, 500 V. cholerae O139 strains were evaluated for their phage types, and almost all strains were found to be typeable. The strains clustered into 10 different phage types, of which type 1 (38.2%) was the dominant type, followed by type 2 (22.4%) and type 3 (18%). Additionally, a comparative study of phage types in 1993 and 1994 versus those from 1996 to 1998 for O139 strains showed a higher percentage of phage type 1 (40.5%), followed by type 3 (18.8%) during the period between 1993 and 1994, whereas phage type 2 (32.1%) was the next major type during the period from 1996 to 1998. This scheme comprising five newly isolated phages would be another useful tool in the study of the epidemiology of cholera caused by V. cholerae O139.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Demczuk, Walter, Rafiq Ahmed, and Hans-W. Ackermann. "Morphology of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg typing phages." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 873–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-075.

Full text
Abstract:
Eleven tailed phages are described. They belong to the Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, or Podoviridae families and represent the ViI, T1, T5, Jersey, N4, and P22 species of enterobacterial phages. Morphology is correlated with host range.Key words: Salmonella, phage morphology.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

FROST, J. A., J. M. KRAMER, and S. A. GILLANDERS. "Phage typing of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli and its use as an adjunct to serotyping." Epidemiology and Infection 123, no. 1 (August 1999): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026889900254x.

Full text
Abstract:
Campylobacter is the most commonly reported cause of gastro-intestinal infection in England and Wales, with over 50000 reported cases in 1997. The majority of human campylobacter isolates in England and Wales are C. jejuni (c. 90%) with most of the remainder being C. coli. We describe the use of phage typing as an extension to serotyping for more detailed characterization within these two species. The scheme was piloted during a study of 2407 C. jejuni and 182 C. coli strains isolated in Wales between April 1996 and March 1997. Fifty- seven C. jejuni phage types were identified, with the ten most prevalent phage types accounting for 60% of isolates tested; 16% of isolates were untypable. The most common phage type was PT 1 which represented c. 20% of isolates. A further 7% of isolates reacted with the phages but did not conform to a designated type (RDNC). Only 12 phage types were identified among C. coli, with the two most common types, PT 2 and PT 7 accounting for 75·2% of isolates. When used in conjunction with serotyping, the ability of phage typing to identify between 6 and 29 subtypes within each of the predominant HS types has enabled a further level of discrimination to be achieved that enhances the epidemiological typing of C. jejuni and C. coli.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Soto, S. M., B. Guerra, M. A. González-Hevia, and M. C. Mendoza. "Potential of Three-Way Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis as a Typing Method for TwelveSalmonella Serotypes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 4830–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.11.4830-4836.1999.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The potential of a three-way randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) procedure (RAPD typing) for typing Salmonella enterica strains assigned to 12 serotypes was analyzed. The series of organisms used included 235 strains (326 isolates) collected mainly from clinical samples in the Principality of Asturias and 9 reference strains. RAPD typing was performed directly with broth cultures of bacteria by using three selected primers and optimized PCR conditions. The profiles obtained with the three primers were used to define RAPD types and to evaluate the procedure as a typing method at the species and serotype levels. The typeability was 100%; the reproducibility and in vitro stability could be considered good. The concordance of RAPD typing methods with serotyping methods was 100%, but some profiles obtained with two of the three primers were obtained with strains assigned to different serotypes. The discrimination index (DI) within the series of organisms was 0.94, and the DI within serotypes Typhimurium, Enteritidis, and Virchow were 0.72, 0.52, and 0.66, respectively. Within these serotypes the most common RAPD types were differentiated into phage types and vice versa; combining the types identified by the two procedures (RAPD typing and phage typing) resulted in further discrimination (DI, 0.96, 0.74, and 0.87, respectively). The efficiency, rapidity, and flexibility of the RAPD typing method support the conclusion that it can be used as a tool for identifying Salmonella organisms and as a typing method that is complementary to serotyping and phage typing methods.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Adaska, J. M., A. J. Silva, A. C. B. Berge, and W. M. Sischo. "Genetic and Phenotypic Variability among Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates from California Dairy Cattle and Humans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 10 (October 2006): 6632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01038-06.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Fifty-six human and 24 adult dairy cattle isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium from a single county in California were compared using ribotyping, insertion sequence typing (IS200), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, plasmid typing, phage typing, and antimicrobial resistance testing. The majority of the isolates fell into one of two groups which were phage types DT104 and DT193. Combining the information from all typing methods, a total of 45 different “clusters” were defined, with 35 of those including only a single isolate. The library of isolates had a high degree of variability, but antibiotic resistance and plasmid typing each defined single clusters in which human or bovine isolates predominated (χ2, P < 0.05).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Markwitz, Pawel, Tomasz Olszak, Grzegorz Gula, Magdalena Kowalska, Michal Arabski, and Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa. "Emerging Phage Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Is Accompanied by an Enhanced Heterogeneity and Reduced Virulence." Viruses 13, no. 7 (July 10, 2021): 1332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071332.

Full text
Abstract:
Bacterial surface structures of a proteinic nature and glycoconjugates contribute to biofilm formation and provide shields to host defense mechanisms (e.g., the complement system and phagocytosis). A loss or alteration of these molecules, leading to phage resistance, could result in fewer virulent bacteria. In this study, we evaluate the biology and phenotype changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 phage-resistant clones, which emerge in phage-treated biofilms. We characterize these clones for phage-typing patterns, antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, pathogenicity, and interactions with the innate immune system. Another important question that we address is whether phage-resistant mutants are also generated incidentally, despite the phage treatment-selective pressure, as the natural adaptation of the living biofilm population. It is found that the application of different phages targeting a particular receptor selects similar phage resistance patterns. Nevertheless, this results in a dramatic increase in the population heterogeneity, giving over a dozen phage-typing patterns, compared to one of the untreated PAO1 sessile forms. We also confirm the hypothesis that “phage-resistant bacteria are more susceptible to antibiotics and host-clearance mechanisms by the immune system”. These findings support phage application in therapy, although the overall statement that phage treatment selects the less virulent bacterial population should be further verified using a bigger collection of clinical strains.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Jimenez Misas, Carlos A., Jose A. Valdivia Alvares, and Dania Mazon Zamora. "Phage typing of Micobacterium tuberculosis in Cuba." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 84, no. 2 (June 1989): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761989000200019.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Basu, Rina, A. N. Ghosh, S. Dasgupta, and Amit Ghosh. "Biophysical characterization ofVitrioEl Tor typing phage e5." FEMS Microbiology Letters 106, no. 1 (January 1993): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb05928.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Costas, M., L. L. Sloss, R. J. Owen, and M. A. Gaston. "Evaluation of numerical analysis of SDS-PAGE of protein patterns for typingEnterobacter cloacae." Epidemiology and Infection 103, no. 2 (October 1989): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800030624.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYTwenty cultures comprising 13 clinical isolates ofEnterobacter cloacaefrom two hospitals. the type and another reference stain ofE. cloacaeand the type strains of four otherEnterobactersp. and ofEscherichia coli, were characterized by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) of whole-cell proteins. The protein patterns were highly reproducible and were used as the basis of a numerical analysis which divided the clinical isolates into nine clearly defined protein types. Comparison with established typing methods indicated that the discrimination of SDS-PAGE was similar to that achieved with conventional typing methods and all strain groups recognized by combined sero/phage typing were also found by SDS-PAGE. In addition, protein typing sub-divided a group of four serotype O3 isolates that were difficult to distinguish by phage typing. We conclude that high-resolution SDS-PAGE of proteins provides an effective method of typing isolates ofE. cloacae.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Costas, M., B. Holmes, and L. L. Sloss. "Comparison of SDS–PAGE protein patterns with other typing methods for investigating the epidemiology of ‘Klebsiella aerogenes’." Epidemiology and Infection 104, no. 3 (June 1990): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800047464.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYTwenty–four cultures comprising 20 clinical isolates of ‘Klebsiella aerogenes’ from two hospitals, a reference strain of ‘K. aerogenes’ and the type strains of three otherKlebsiellaspecies, were characterized by one–dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) of whole–cell proteins. The protein patterns were highly reproducible and were used as the basis of a numerical analysis which divided the clinical isolates into 12 protein types. Comparison with established typing methods indicated that the level of discrimination of SDS–PAGE was similar to that achieved with conventional typing methods but the strains were grouped differently. Protein typing sub–divided five serotype K3 isolates that could also be distinguished by phage typing. Conversely, three strains of protein type 11 were clearly distinguishable by both serotyping and phage typing. We conclude that high–resolution SDS–PAGE of proteins provides an effective adjunct to other methods for typing isolates of ‘K. aerogenes’.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Witte, W., and Chr Braulke. "Multiply- and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusstrains isolated in the German Democratic Republic in 1985 and 1986." Epidemiology and Infection 99, no. 3 (December 1987): 603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800066450.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYMultiply- and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains have been isolated from five small outbreaks of nosocomial infection in five different hospitals. The MRSA were typed by phage patterns, biochemical traits, resistance phenotypes and plasmid patterns. Three different groups of strains can be distinguished. The MRSA from three outbreaks in one country share identical characters.Phage typing by the use of the International Basic Set for Phage Typing staphylococci as well as experimental phages does not completely discriminate between the strains. Attribution of several resistance determinants to plasmids in two of the described strain groups proved valuable for strain differentiation.These multiply-resistant strains are sensitive to vancomycin and to rifampicin.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Rankin, S., and D. J. Platt. "Phage conversion inSalmonella entericaserotype Enteritidis: implications for epidemiology." Epidemiology and Infection 114, no. 2 (April 1995): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800057897.

Full text
Abstract:
SummaryA model system for the study of phage conversion ofSalmonella entericaserotype Enteritidis is reported. Temperate phages 1,2,3 and 6 from the phage typing scheme were used to convert several individually recognized phage types into others. Phage type 4 was converted to PT8, PT6a to PT4, PT6a to PT7, PT13 to PT13a and PT15 to PT11; some new phage lysis patterns were also detected.This model was used to examine the relationships between phage types within a previously denned clonal lineage, SECLIII, to establish whether or not Enteritidis likeSalmonella entericaserotype Typhi andSalmonella entericaserotype Paratyphi B possessed type determining phages. We were able to convert PT1 to PT20, and PT15 to PT11.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

GONZÁLEZ-HEVIA, M. ANGELES, M. FLOR GUTIERREZ, and M. CARMEN MENDOZA. "Diagnosis by a Combination of Typing Methods of a Salmonella typhimurium Outbreak Associated with Cured Ham." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.4.426.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper describes the usefulness of combining typing methods (antibiotyping, phage typing, plasmid profile, and ribotyping) in the characterization of a Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) strain as the causal agent of an outbreak associated with cured ham, Serrano variety, which is an unusual infection source of Salmonella. Human isolates and the majority of ham isolates showed identical biochemical profiles, antibiotypes, plasmid profiles, and ribotypes. However, some ham isolates showed a different plasmid profile. Phage typing was inconclusive where no isolate corresponded to recognized phage types. Ribotyping was also used to confirm the epidemiological relationship of the outbreak strain with an endemic clonal line of S. typhimurium in Asturias. This was defined in terms of combined ribotype with four restriction endonucleases (EcoRI, SalI, PvuII and PstI).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

LOUIE, M., S. READ, L. LOUIE, K. ZIEBELL, K. RAHN, A. BORCZYK, and H. LIOR. "Molecular typing methods to investigate transmission of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 from cattle to humans." Epidemiology and Infection 123, no. 1 (August 1999): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899002551.

Full text
Abstract:
The utility of phage typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and plasmid profile analysis was compared, to differentiate between Canadian Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 strains of human (n = 27) and cattle (n = 24) origin. The diversity indices for phage typing, plasmid analysis and PFGE were 0·85, 0·69 and 0·93, respectively. PFGE and phage typing were also applied to study the role of direct transmission of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 from cattle to humans on isolates collected from two separate farm outbreaks. PFGE showed that more than one E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 strain with varying PFGE DNA subtype profiles, may be responsible for an outbreak, and that more than one E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 subtype may be circulating on a particular farm at any one time. To our knowledge, this is one of the first reports where PFGE typing was used to verify the direct transmission of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 from cattle to humans.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

QUINTAES, Bianca R., Nilma C. LEAL, Eliane M. F. REIS, Érica L. FONSECA, and Ernesto HOFER. "Conventional and molecular typing of Salmonella typhi strains from Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 44, no. 6 (December 2002): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652002000600004.

Full text
Abstract:
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Salmonella Typhi were studied in 30 strains, isolated in different years, from some areas in Brazil. Conventional typing methods were performed by biochemical tests, Vi phage-typing scheme, and antimicrobial susceptibility test. Molecular typing methods were performed by analysis of plasmid DNA and by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR). For the latter, an optimization step was performed to ensure the reproducibility of the process in genetic characterization of S. Typhi. The predominance of 76.7% of biotype I (xylose +, arabinose -) was noticed in all studied areas. Three phage types were recognized, with prominence for the phage types A (73.3%) and I+IV (23.3%). All the strains were susceptible to the drugs used. However, 36.7% of the strains contained plasmids, with predominance of the 105 Kb plasmid. RAPD was capable of grouping the strains in 8 genotypic patterns using primer 784, in 6, using primer 787 and in 7, using primer 797. Conventional phenotypic typing methods, as well as the DNA plasmid analysis, presented nonsignificant discriminatory power; however, RAPD-PCR analysis showed discriminatory power, reproducibility, easy interpretation and performance, being considered as a promising alternative typing method for S. Typhi.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Schmieger, Horst. "Molecular Survey of the Salmonella Phage Typing System of Anderson." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 5 (March 1, 1999): 1630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.5.1630-1635.1999.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Typing phages for Salmonella and the prophages of their typical propagation strains were analyzed at the DNA level. Most of them belong to the P22 branch of the lambdoid phages. Acquisition of new plating properties of the typing phages by propagation in particular strains can be due to different host specific modifications of the DNA or to recombination events with residing prophages which are reflected by changes in the respective DNA restriction patterns. It is concluded that the actually available set of typing phages is a historically unique combination of strains.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography