Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phage therapy investigation

Academic literature on the topic 'Phage therapy investigation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Phage therapy investigation.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Phage therapy investigation"

1

Johnson, R. P., C. L. Gyles, W. E. Huff, S. Ojha, G. R. Huff, N. C. Rath, and A. M. Donoghue. "Bacteriophages for prophylaxis and therapy in cattle, poultry and pigs." Animal Health Research Reviews 9, no. 2 (December 2008): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252308001576.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe successful use of virulent (lytic) bacteriophages (phages) in preventing and treating neonatal enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliinfections in calves, lambs and pigs has prompted investigation of other applications of phage therapy in food animals. While results have been very variable, some indicate that phage therapy is potentially useful in virulentSalmonellaandE. coliinfections in chickens, calves and pigs, and in control of the food-borne pathogensSalmonellaandCampylobacter jejuniin chickens andE. coliO157:H7 in cattle. However, more rigorous and comprehensive research is required to determine the true potential of phage therapy. Particular challenges include the selection and characterization of phages, practical modes of administration, and development of formulations that maintain the viability of phages for administration. Also, meaningful evaluation of phage therapy will require animal studies that closely represent the intended use, and will include thorough investigation of the emergence and characteristics of phage resistant bacteria. As well, effective use will require understanding the ecology and dynamics of the endemic and therapeutic phages and their interactions with target bacteria in the farm environment. In the event that the potential of phage therapy is realized, adoption will depend on its efficacy and complementarity relative to other interventions. Another potential challenge will be regulatory approval.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

O'Connell, Larry, Ondrej Mandula, Loïc Leroy, Axelle Aubert, Pierre R. Marcoux, and Yoann Roupioz. "Ultrafast and Multiplexed Bacteriophage Susceptibility Testing by Surface Plasmon Resonance and Phase Imaging of Immobilized Phage Microarrays." Chemosensors 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10050192.

Full text
Abstract:
In the context of bacteriophage (phage) therapy, there is an urgent need for a method permitting multiplexed, parallel phage susceptibility testing (PST) prior to the formulation of personalized phage cocktails for administration to patients suffering from antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections. Methods based on surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and phase imaging were demonstrated as candidates for very rapid (<2 h) PST in the broth phase. Biosensing layers composed of arrays of phages 44AHJD, P68, and gh-1 were covalently immobilized on the surface of an SPRi prism and exposed to liquid culture of either Pseudomonas putida or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (i.e., either the phages’ host or non-host bacteria). Monitoring of reflectivity reveals susceptibility of the challenge bacteria to the immobilized phage strains. Investigation of phase imaging of lytic replication of gh-1 demonstrates PST at the single-cell scale, without requiring phage immobilization. SPRi sensorgrams show that on-target regions increase in reflectivity more slowly, stabilizing later and to a lower level compared to off-target regions. Phage susceptibility can be revealed in as little as 30 min in both the SPRi and phase imaging methods.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bochkareva, Svetlana Sergeevna, A. V. Karaulov, A. V. Aleshkin, I. I. Novikova, I. M. Fedorova, M. S. Blayaher, S. I. Koteleva, and I. V. Kapustin. "APPROACHES TO THE ESTIMATION OF SOME PARAMETERS OF HUMORAL AND CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE TO BACTERIOPHAGES." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 64, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-4-237-242.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of the study was to develop some approaches to evaluate the basic parameters of the humoral and cellular immune response to a bacteriophage, taking into account the multifactorial aspects of its interaction with both the pathogen and the macroorganism. The necessary reagents were obtained and a line of diagnostic ELISA test systems was designed to allow semi-quantitative assessment of the anti-bacteriophage IgG-antibody level in serum or other biological human fluids, as well as in preparations obtained from human blood. The need for neutralization reaction to determine the effect of detected antibodies on phage activity against a target bacterium has been proven. Testing the approaches used in the investigation of patients’ blood sera showed that antibodies to bacteriophages synthesized during phage therapy are not always neutralizing. Also approaches have been developed to evaluate cell immunity reactions to bacteriophage namely to identify T-lymphocytes (T-helpers and cytotoxic lymphocytes) that can be activated in the presence of the phage under study (by expressing the early activation marker (CD69) and by the ability to produce IFNγ). Approbation of the technique in the study of lymphocytes in patients during phage therapy showed the presence of activated cells by both the CD69 expression and IFNγ production, the dynamics of which depended on the timing and frequency of therapy. The appearance of neutralizing anti-phage antibodies and corresponding activated T-lymphocytes should be taken into account in phage therapy, the effectiveness of which can directly depend not only on the activity of the phage against the target bacterium, but also on the response of the patient’s immune system to the bacteriophage.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Pu, Mingfang, Pengjun Han, Guangye Zhang, Yucong Liu, Yahao Li, Fei Li, Mengzhe Li, et al. "Characterization and Comparative Genomics Analysis of a New Bacteriophage BUCT610 against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Efficacy Assessment in Galleria mellonella Larvae." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 8040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23148040.

Full text
Abstract:
The spread of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) has become an emerging threat as a result of the overuse of antibiotics. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is considered to be a promising alternative treatment for MDR-KP infection compared with antibiotic therapy. In this research, a lytic phage BUCT610 was isolated from hospital sewage. The assembled genome of BUCT610 was 46,774 bp in length, with a GC content of 48%. A total of 83 open reading frames (ORFs) and no virulence or antimicrobial resistance genes were annotated in the BUCT610 genome. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses showed that BUCT610 was most closely linked with the Vibrio phage pYD38-A and shared 69% homology. In addition, bacteriophage BUCT610 exhibited excellent thermal stability (4–75 °C) and broad pH tolerance (pH 3–12) in the stability test. In vivo investigation results showed that BUCT610 significantly increased the survival rate of Klebsiella pneumonia-infected Galleria mellonella larvae from 13.33% to 83.33% within 72 h. In conclusion, these findings indicate that phage BUCT610 holds great promise as an alternative agent with excellent stability for the treatment of MDR-KP infection.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Jain, Rishi, Andrea L. Knorr, Joseph Bernacki, and Ranjan Srivastava. "Investigation of Bacteriophage MS2 Viral Dynamics Using Model Discrimination Analysis and the Implications for Phage Therapy." Biotechnology Progress 22, no. 6 (2006): 1650–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bp060161s.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Titze, Isabel, Tatiana Lehnherr, Hansjörg Lehnherr, and Volker Krömker. "Efficacy of Bacteriophages Against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bovine Mastitis." Pharmaceuticals 13, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13030035.

Full text
Abstract:
The lytic efficacy of bacteriophages against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine milk was investigated in vitro, regarding possible applications in the therapy of udder inflammation caused by bacterial infections (mastitis). The host range of sequenced, lytic bacteriophages was determined against a collection of 92 Staphylococcus (S.) aureus isolates. The isolates originated from quarter foremilk samples of clinical and subclinical mastitis cases. A spot test and a subsequent plaque assay were used to determine the phage host range. According to their host range, propagation and storage properties, three phages, STA1.ST29, EB1.ST11, and EB1.ST27, were selected for preparing a bacteriophage mixture (1:1:1), which was examined for its lytic activity against S. aureus in pasteurized and raw milk. It was found that almost two thirds of the isolates could be lysed by at least one of the tested phages. The bacteriophage mixture was able to reduce the S. aureus germ density in pasteurized milk and its reduction ability was maintained in raw milk, with only a moderate decrease compared to the results in pasteurized milk. The significant reduction ability of the phage mixture in raw milk promotes further in vivo investigation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Quaranta, Gianluca, Alessandra Guarnaccia, Giovanni Fancello, Chiara Agrillo, Federica Iannarelli, Maurizio Sanguinetti, and Luca Masucci. "Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Other Gut Microbiota Manipulation Strategies." Microorganisms 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 2424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122424.

Full text
Abstract:
The gut microbiota is composed of bacteria, archaea, phages, and protozoa. It is now well known that their mutual interactions and metabolism influence host organism pathophysiology. Over the years, there has been growing interest in the composition of the gut microbiota and intervention strategies in order to modulate it. Characterizing the gut microbial populations represents the first step to clarifying the impact on the health/illness equilibrium, and then developing potential tools suited for each clinical disorder. In this review, we discuss the current gut microbiota manipulation strategies available and their clinical applications in personalized medicine. Among them, FMT represents the most widely explored therapeutic tools as recent guidelines and standardization protocols, not only for intestinal disorders. On the other hand, the use of prebiotics and probiotics has evidence of encouraging findings on their safety, patient compliance, and inter-individual effectiveness. In recent years, avant-garde approaches have emerged, including engineered bacterial strains, phage therapy, and genome editing (CRISPR-Cas9), which require further investigation through clinical trials.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Liu, Yanxi, Mengjiao Liu, Ran Hu, Jun Bai, Xiaoqing He, and Yi Jin. "Isolation of the Novel Phage PHB09 and Its Potential Use against the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae." Viruses 13, no. 11 (November 14, 2021): 2275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112275.

Full text
Abstract:
Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect target bacteria. Recently, bacteriophages have been considered potential biological control agents for bacterial pathogens due to their host specificity. Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a reemerging pathogen that causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.). The economic impact of this pest and the development of resistance to antibiotics and copper sprays in Psa and other pathovars have led to investigation of alternative management strategies. Phage therapy may be a useful alternative to conventional treatments for controlling Psa infections. Although the efficacy of bacteriophage φ6 was evaluated for the control of Psa, the characteristics of other DNA bacteriophages infecting Psa remain unclear. In this study, the PHB09 lytic bacteriophage specific to Psa was isolated from kiwifruit orchard soil. Extensive host range testing using Psa isolated from kiwifruit orchards and other Pseudomonas strains showed PHB09 has a narrow host range. It remained stable over a wide range of temperatures (4–50 °C) and pH values (pH 3–11) and maintained stability for 50 min under ultraviolet irradiation. Complete genome sequence analysis indicated PHB09 might belong to a new myovirus genus in Caudoviricetes. Its genome contains a total of 94,844 bp and 186 predicted genes associated with phage structure, packaging, host lysis, DNA manipulation, transcription, and additional functions. The isolation and identification of PHB09 enrich the research on Pseudomonas phages and provide a promising biocontrol agent against kiwifruit bacterial canker.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Bitounis, Dimitrios, Raphaelle Fanciullino, Athanassios Iliadis, and Joseph Ciccolini. "Optimizing Druggability through Liposomal Formulations: New Approaches to an Old Concept." ISRN Pharmaceutics 2012 (February 9, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/738432.

Full text
Abstract:
Developing innovative delivery strategies remains an ongoing task to improve both efficacy and safety of drug-based therapy. Nanomedicine is now a promising field of investigation, rising high expectancies for treating various diseases such as malignancies. Putting drugs into liposome is an old story that started in the late 1960s. Because of the near-total biocompatibility of their lipidic bilayer, liposomes are less concerned with the safety issue related to the possible long-term accumulation in the body of most nanoobjects currently developed in nanomedicine. Additionally, novel techniques and recent efforts to achieve better stability (e.g., through sheddable coating), combined with a higher selectivity towards target cells (e.g., by anchoring monoclonal antibodies or incorporating phage fusion protein), make new liposomal drugs an attractive and challenging opportunity to improve clinical outcome in a variety of disease. This review covers the physicochemistry of liposomes and the recent technical improvements in the preparation of liposome-encapsulated drugs in regard to the scientific and medical stakes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Larché, Jérôme, Flavie Pouillot, Christiane Essoh, Balázs Libisch, Monica Straut, Je Chul Lee, Charles Soler, et al. "Rapid Identification of International Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clones by Multiple-Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Analysis and Investigation of Their Susceptibility to Lytic Bacteriophages." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 12 (September 17, 2012): 6175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01233-12.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant (MDR)Pseudomonas aeruginosastrains isolated over a period of 12 months in two French hospitals and to test their susceptibility to bacteriophages. A total of 47 MDR isolates recovered from hospitalized patients were genotyped using multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis. The genotypes were distributed into five clones (including 19, 5, 5, 3, and 3 isolates, respectively) and 12 singletons. Comparison to 77 MDR strains from three other countries, and MLST analysis of selected isolates showed the predominance of international MDR clones. The larger clone, CC235, contained 59 isolates displaying different antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including the presence of the GES1, VIM-2, VIM-4, and IMP-1 β-lactamases. Three newly isolatedP. aeruginosabacteriophages were found to lyse 42 of the 44 analyzed strains, distributed into the different clonal complexes. This pilot study suggests that systematic genotyping ofP. aeruginosaMDR strains could improve our epidemiological understanding of transmission at both the local (hospital) and the national level and that phage therapy could be an alternative or a complementary treatment to antibiotics for treating MDR-infected patients.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phage therapy investigation"

1

Tecle, Miriam. "Physico-chemical investigation of cationic liposome-peptide-DNA complexes : dynamics, equilibrium & phase separation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272212.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Herbert, Gregory L. "An Investigation of the Phase Model of Psychotherapy Across Therapeutic Orientations: Are Different Approaches Actually All That Different?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc283862/.

Full text
Abstract:
The current study investigated the process of change underlying two different evidence-based treatments that yield similar outcome effectiveness in the treatment of depression: Cognitive Therapy (CT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT). The phase model of psychotherapeutic change (Howard et al., 1993) change is used to provide both a theoretical and practical framework in which to assess different patterns of change across the treatment modalities. The phase model posits that recovery from distress occurs in three sequential stages: remoralization, remediation and rehabilitation. CT can be conceptualized as a treatment in which the primary focus is on the treatment of symptoms (remediation), whereas IPT can typically be conceptualized as focusing on interpersonal conflicts and functioning (rehabilitation). The study utilized the TDCRP dataset (Elkin et al., 1985). Survival analysis indicated no significant difference in terms of onset or pattern of improvement across treatment orientations. Chi square analyses indicated individuals treated with IPT spend significantly more time engaged in rehabilitation compared to their CT counterparts. Taken together, these findings represent evidence that the process of therapeutic change is similar, if not virtually identical, across therapeutic orientation. The analyses also indicate that the phases of therapy may not necessarily be mutually exclusive and sequential, but may instead represent co-occurring patterns of improvement which are not sequentially determined.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Harrison-Allen, Melissa. "An investigation of impairments of absolute and just noticeable difference sensory thresholds in the chronic phase of stroke." Thesis, University of Central Arkansas, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10010552.

Full text
Abstract:

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: While it is well known that sensory impairment is indicative of poor outcome following stroke, we do not know its true prevalence nor do we understand how brain lesions influence sensory impairment or how sensory impairment influences functional status. The current project analyzed an existing de-identified database to address three specific aims: 1) To determine the prevalence of impairments of absolute and just noticeable difference sensory thresholds in chronic stroke, 2) To determine the relationship of specific lesion characteristics to impaired sensory thresholds in chronic stroke, and 3) To determine the correlation between impaired sensory thresholds and functional status in the chronic phase of stroke. METHODS: Absolute and just noticeable difference sensory thresholds were assessed for eleven perceptual continua spanning five sensory domains in 110 subjects (76 normal controls, 21 with right hemisphere lesions, 13 with left hemisphere lesions). Lesion volume and subtraction analysis were performed with the MRIcroN software. RESULTS: Subjects with right hemisphere lesions had a greater percentage of failures on threshold assessments that subjects with left hemisphere lesions (p=0.004) and normal control subjects (p<0.0001). Subjects with right hemisphere lesions had greater severity of impairment on threshold assessments than subjects with left hemisphere lesions (p=0.003) and normal control subjects (p<0.0001). Lesion volume was not correlated with impaired sensory thresholds, instead lesions of the caudate nucleus were common to subjects with a high percentage of failures on threshold assessments. Impaired sensory thresholds correlated with stroke severity as defined by the NIHSS (r=0.39, p<0.03) and transfer scores on the Barthel Index (r=-0.55, p=0.02).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Phage therapy investigation"

1

Dixon, John Edward. Catastrophic rights: Experimental drugs & AIDS. Vancouver: New Star Books, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Dixon, John Edward. Catastrophic rights: Experimental drugs & AIDS. Vancouver: New Star Books, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Neyrinck, Arne P., Patrick Ferdinande, Dirk Van Raemdonck, and Marc Van de Velde. Donor organ management. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0034.

Full text
Abstract:
Organ transplantation is the standard treatment modality for end-stage organ disease in selected cases. Two types of potential organ donors can be identified: the brain-dead ‘heart-beating donors’, referred to as DBD (donation after brain death), and the warm ischaemic ‘non-heart-beating donors’, referred to as DCD (donation after circulatory death). Brain death induces several physiological changes in the DBD donor. An autonomic storm is characterized by massive catecholamine release, followed by autonomic depletion during a vasoplegic phase. This is associated with several hormonal changes (suppression of vasopressin, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis) and an inflammatory response. These physiological changes form the basis of organ donor management, including cardiovascular stabilization and hormonal therapy (including vasopressin and analogues, thyroid hormone, and cortisol). Donor management is the continuation of critical care, with a shift towards individual organ stabilization. An aggressive approach to maximize organ yield is recommended; however, many treatment strategies need further investigation in large randomized trials. DCD donors have now evolved as a valid alternative to increase the potential donor pool and challenge the clinician with new questions. Optimal donor comfort therapy and end-of-life care are important to minimize the agonal phase. A strict approach towards the determination of death, based on cardiorespiratory criteria, is prerequisite. Novel strategies have been developed, using ex situ organ perfusion as a tool, to evaluate and recondition donor organs. They might become more important in the future to further optimize organ quality.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Lachmann, Helen J., and Giampaolo Merlini. The patient with amyloidosis. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0152.

Full text
Abstract:
Amyloidosis is a disorder of protein folding in which normally soluble plasma proteins are deposited in the extracellular space in an abnormal insoluble fibrillar form. The process of amyloid formation and deposition causes cytotoxicity and progressive organ dysfunction. Amyloid is remarkably diverse and can be hereditary or acquired, localized or systemic, and lethal or merely an incidental finding. The most important numerically are AL amyloidosis, in which the fibrils are composed of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains, and AA amyloidosis, in which the acute phase reactant Serum Amyloid A component forms the fibrils.The kidney is involved in 75% of patients with systemic amyloidosis. Heavy proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome is characteristic of most amyloid variants.Without treatment, systemic disease is usually fatal but measures that reduce the supply of amyloid fibril precursor proteins can result in regression of amyloid deposits, prevention of organ failure, and improved quality of life and survival. Early diagnosis, before irreversible organ damage has occurred, is the key to effective treatment. Recent advances in diagnosis and therapy have much improved the outlook of patients with AL amyloidosis, but agents with broader promise are under investigation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Phage therapy investigation"

1

Banuelos, Selenne, Hayriye Gulbudak, Mary Ann Horn, Qimin Huang, Aadrita Nandi, Hwayeon Ryu, and Rebecca Segal. "Investigating the Impact of Combination Phage and Antibiotic Therapy: A Modeling Study." In Association for Women in Mathematics Series, 111–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57129-0_6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Banuelos, Selenne, Hayriye Gulbudak, Mary Ann Horn, Qimin Huang, Aadrita Nandi, Hwayeon Ryu, and Rebecca Segal. "Correction to: Investigating the Impact of Combination Phage and Antibiotic Therapy: A Modeling Study." In Association for Women in Mathematics Series, C1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57129-0_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Jaber, Bassam Ali, Rizwan Qureshi, Alaa Abd-Alrazaq, Mohammad Azizur Rahman, Mowafa Househ, Zubair Shah, and Tanvir Alam. "Clinical Trials on Alternative Medicines for COVID-19." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220740.

Full text
Abstract:
In this study, we addressed the alternative medications that have been targeted in the clinical trials (CTs) to be evidenced as an adjuvant treatment against COVID-19. Based on the outcomes from CTs, we found that dietary supplements such as Lactoferrin, and Probiotics (as SivoMixx) can play a role enhancing the immunity thus can be used as prophylactics against COVID-19 infection. Vitamin D was proven as an effective adjuvant treatment against COVID-19, while Vitamin C role is uncertain and needs more investigation. Herbals such as Guduchi Ghan Vati can be used as prophylactic, while Resveratrol can be used to reduce the hospitalization risk of COVID-19 patients. On the contrary, there were no clinical improvements demonstrated when using Cannabidiol. This study is a part of a two-phase research study. In the first phase, we gathered evidence-based information on alternative therapeutics for COVID-19 that are under CT. In the second phase, we plan to build a mobile health application that will provide evidence based alternative therapy information to health consumers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Robinson, Terry, and Jane Scullion. "Tuberculosis (TB)." In Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing, 497–506. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0022.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter covers the key facts about tuberculosis (TB), then goes on to describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease. Risk factors, and signs and symptoms, and investigations are all covered. The treatment phase and standard drug therapies are shown, and directly observed therapy for the patient with an increased risk of poor adherence is described. Mono-resistant, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant types are included in this chapter, as well as contact tracing in line with NICE clinical guidelines. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) is part of a family of mycobacterium which includes Mycobacterium bovis. M. bovis is uncommon in humans, although it frequently affects cattle and badgers. MTB can affect any organ in the body; this chapter will concentrate on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pulmonary MTB in adults in the UK.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Neyrinck, Arne P., Patrick Ferdinande, Dirk Van Raemdonck, and Marc Van de Velde. "Donor organ management." In The ESC Textbook of Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care, edited by Marco Tubaro, Pascal Vranckx, Eric Bonnefoy-Cudraz, Susanna Price, and Christiaan Vrints, 691–705. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198849346.003.0052.

Full text
Abstract:
Organ transplantation is the standard treatment modality for end-stage organ disease in selected cases. Two types of potential organ donors can be identified: the brain-dead 'heart-beating donors', referred to as DBD (donation after brain death), and the warm ischaemic 'non-heart-beating donors', referred to as DCD (donation after circulatory death). Brain death induces several physiological changes in the DBD donor. An autonomic storm is characterized by massive catecholamine release, followed by autonomic depletion during a vasoplegic phase. This is associated with several hormonal changes (suppression of vasopressin, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis) and an inflammatory response. These physiological changes form the basis of organ donor management, including cardiovascular stabilization and hormonal therapy (including vasopressin and analogues, thyroid hormone, and cortisol). Donor management is the continuation of critical care, with a shift towards individual organ stabilization. An aggressive approach to maximize organ yield is recommended; however, many treatment strategies need further investigation in large randomized trials. DCD donors have now evolved as a valid alternative to increase the potential donor pool and challenge the clinician with new questions. Optimal donor comfort therapy and end-of-life care are important to minimize the agonal phase. A strict approach towards the determination of death, based on cardiorespiratory criteria, is prerequisite. Novel strategies have been developed, using ex situ organ perfusion as a tool, to evaluate and recondition donor organs. They might become more important in the future to further optimize organ quality.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Hodgson, Jacqueline S. "Custodial Legal Advice." In The Metamorphosis of Criminal Justice, 203–48. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199981427.003.0007.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter considers the ways in which transnational procedural standards for the provision of custodial legal advice have been received in different jurisdictions by the courts, by review bodies, and on the ground, exploring the extent to which we are seeing movement toward a pan-European model of custodial defense, or whether countervailing factors militate against harmonization beyond a set of common basic thresholds, thereby undermining rights that are effective in practice. Evidence obtained through custodial interrogation is central to case disposition, with or without trial, and so procedural protections traditionally reserved for court are increasingly required during this pretrial phase if the accused is to be dealt with according to the standards of a fair trial. This necessitates a cultural as well as legal shift in how states understand the adjudicatory phase of criminal proceedings and its backward reach to include significant aspects of the investigation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Baker, Kenneth F., and John D. Isaacs. "Rheumatoid arthritis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Richard A. Watts, 4415–40. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0446.

Full text
Abstract:
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease characterized by both synovial and systemic inflammation. Synovitis classically presents as a symmetrical destructive polyarthritis affecting the hands and feet typified by episodic pain, stiffness, and swelling. Systemic inflammation leads to a range of extra-articular manifestations including organ involvement (e.g. interstitial lung disease, scleritis), constitutional features (e.g. fatigue, depression) and other complications (e.g. accelerated atherosclerosis, nerve and spinal cord compression). Rheumatoid arthritis is a clinical diagnosis based largely upon history and examination, supported by a limited range of investigation findings including elevated acute-phase reactants, autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody), and imaging (e.g. musculoskeletal ultrasound). If left untreated, patients can rapidly develop irreversible joint damage leading to chronic pain, deformity, disability, and premature mortality. However, with early initiation of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in treat-to-target strategies, disease remission is now achievable for many patients. Conventional synthetic DMARDs are the anchor of rheumatoid arthritis therapy, with methotrexate the recommended first choice. Biological DMARDs (monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors) and targeted synthetic DMARDs (Janus kinase inhibitors) are reserved as second-line agents. Glucocorticoids are helpful as bridging therapy, though their considerable side effect profile prohibits their use as maintenance therapy. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective in relieving arthritis pain, but long-term use is limited by their potential cardiovascular, renal, and gastrointestinal toxicities. With optimal care from a multidisciplinary team, many patients achieve and retain disease remission with maintenance of employment and quality of life.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kapoor, Mayank, Prasan Kumar Panda, and Vivek Mohanty. "Pharmacotherapy for COVID-19: A Ray of Hope." In Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97012.

Full text
Abstract:
Most viral infections have limited treatment options available and the same holds for COVID-19, its causative agent being the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Drugs used in the past against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) viruses, which belong to the same family of viruses as the novel Coronavirus included ribavirin, interferon (alfa and beta), lopinavir-ritonavir combination, and corticosteroids. There remains controversy regarding their efficacy to date, except for the last one. Hence, large-scale multicentric trials are being conducted involving multiple drugs. Chloroquine and hydroxy-chloroquine were initially taking the race ahead but have now been rejected. Remdesivir was a promising candidate, for which the FDA had issued an emergency use authorization, but now is not recommended by the WHO. Convalescent plasma therapy had promising results in the early severe viremia phase, but the PLACID trial made an obscure end. Only corticosteroids have shown demonstrable benefits in improving mortality rates among severe COVID-19 cases. Many new modalities like monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are discussed. In this chapter, we review the therapeutic drugs under investigation for the COVID-19 treatment, their mode of action, degree of effectiveness, and recommendations by different centers regarding their use in current settings.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Andreotti, Felicita, Eliano Pio Navarese, and Filippo Crea. "The NOACs in special situations: the elderly, renal impairment, combination with antiplatelet agents and thrombolytics." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Raffaele DeCaterina, 273–78. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0057.

Full text
Abstract:
Phase III randomised trials indicate that the non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are preferable to warfarin in elderly, non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients, given a lower incidence of intracranial haemorrhage, a favourable overall efficacy and safety profile, and the lack of routine monitoring, although care is needed to dose-adjust for kidney function and to prevent gastrointestinal bleeds, depending on the NOAC. Advanced age should not exclude the use of any NOAC. Overall, NOACs perform well, relative to warfarin or aspirin, irrespective of renal function. However, all NOACs undergo variable renal clearance, and in Europe a creatinine clearance of less than 30 mL/min contraindicates dabigatran and less than 15 mL/min the factor Xa inhibitors. Trial outcomes stratified by antiplatelet therapy, after adjustment for baseline risk, show that concomitant antiplatelet use does not significantly alter the overall treatment effects of NOACs versus warfarin. Whether adding an antiplatelet to a NOAC in atrial fibrillation patients with arterial disease is beneficial requires randomized controlled testing. Current guidelines recommend that patients effectively anticoagulated with a NOAC who develop an acute ischaemic stroke should not be considered for thrombolysis unless clinical history or laboratory tests indicate low or no anticoagulation or at least two half-lives have elapsed from the last NOAC dose. Retrospective data suggest no prohibitive adverse events among selected NOAC-treated patients with acute ischaemic stroke receiving thrombolysis. Further investigation in this setting is warranted.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Morales-Villegas, Enrique C., and Kausik K. Ray. "PCSK9 Inhibition with Evolocumab Reaching Physiologic LDL-C Levels for Reducing Atherosclerotic Burden and Cardiovascular Disease-The Full Landscape." In Frontiers in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery: Volume 4, 148–85. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681083995118040007.

Full text
Abstract:
Physiologically, in the presence of an intracellular deficit of cholesterol, the LDLR synthesis, expression and function increase, thus uptaking and providing cholesterol to the cell. This process is counter-regulated by PCSK9 expression, the protease inducing LDLR proteolysis, thereby limiting its function maintaining a constant cholesterol intracellular concentration. Accordingly, the balance between PCSK9 and LDLR regulates the intracellular concentration of cholesterol and in consequence has impact on circulating LDL-cholesterol. This chapter reviews the brief and amazing recent history with PCSK9 inhibition from basic science to current clinical recommendations for MAbs-PCSK9. In 2003 and 2005, respectively, the pcsk9 gene mutations, determinants of the “gain of function” of PCSK9 and severe hypercholesterolemia, and the pcsk9 gene mutations with “loss of function” of PCSK9, determinants of hypocholesterolemia were described; subsequently, in 2006, the association between the pcsk9 gene mutations and the “loss of function” of PCSK9 with hypocholesterolemia and reduction of up to 88% for the risk of a coronary event in the “mutant” population versus the control population was published. Since evolocumab clinical research program has completed and published their phases I, II and III results including its cardiovascular outcomes trial, this chapter is focused in reviewing the results of evolocumab clinical research program. In 2009, the effect of a “full human” monoclonal antibody vs PCSK9 in mice and non-human primates was first reported; MAb-PCSK9, AMG-145 (evolocumab) produced in cynomolgus monkeys a doubling in the number of LDLR and an average 75% reduction in circulating LDL-cholesterol. In 2012, the first phase I study with evolocumab versus placebo were reported; this program informed very significant reductions in LDLcholesterol in healthy subjects and patients with familial and non-familial hyper cholesterolemia treated without/with statins; tolerability and safety of evolocumab were similar to placebo. With this evidence, the phase II and III investigations with evolocumab initiated; four years later, the OSLER trial allowed us to envisage the following scenario: MAb-PCSK9 evolocumab have a favorable effect on LDLcholesterol, other apo-B100 lipoproteins and overall mortality and myocardial infarction; all the aforementioned with a very favorable safety and tolerability profile. In the same direction, in 2016 was published the GLAGOV trial, wich demonstrates for the first time that the addition of a non-statin therapy -evolocumab- to the optimal treatment with statins is associated with atheroregression; and finally, in 2017, the FOURIER and the EBBINGHAUS trials were presented, wich confirmed that the addition of evolocumab to the optimal treatment with statins is associated with an additional and significant 20% relative risk reduction -26 months of follow-up- for cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction and/or ischemic stroke, all without neurocognitive risk. Beyond the currently approved indications by regulatory agencies, considering the high cost of PCSK9 inhibitors and financial restraints within healthcare budgets, for now and before definitive and necessary cost-effectiveness analysis and price optimization are in place, evolocumab is recommended in specific clinical scenarios reviewed in this chapter.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Phage therapy investigation"

1

Ogawa, Mikako, Toyohiko Yamauchi, Hidenao Iwai, Yasuhiro Magata, Peter L. Choyke, and Hisataka Kobayashi. "Investigation of dynamic morphological changes of cancer cells during photoimmuno therapy (PIT) by low-coherence quantitative phase microscopy." In SPIE BiOS, edited by David H. Kessel and Tayyaba Hasan. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2036944.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Giese, Tobias, Eckart Laurien, and Wolfgang Schwarz. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Gravity-Driven Pipe Flow With Cavitation." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22026.

Full text
Abstract:
Gravity driven pipe flows contain no risk of pump failure and are considered to be reliable even under accident conditions. However, accurate prediction methods are only available for single phase flow. In case of the occurrence of two-phase flow (caused e.g. by boiling or cavitation), a considerable reduction in mass flux can be observed. In this study, an experimental and numerical investigation of gravity driven two-phase pipe flow was performed in order to understand and model such flows. An experiment was conducted to analyse gravity driven flow of water near saturation temperature in a complex pipe consisting of several vertical and horizontal sections. The diameter was 100 mm with a driving height of 13 m between an elevated tank and the pipe outlet. The experiment shows that cavitation leads to formation of steam. The two-phase character of the flow causes a significant reduction of mass flux in comparison to a single phase flow case. The experimental flow rate was reproduced by one dimensional single and two phase flow analysis based on standard one dimensional methods including models for steam formation. The main part of this study consists of a three dimensional CFD analysis of the two phase flow. A three dimensional model for cavitation and recondensation phenomena based on thermal transport processes was developed, implemented and validated against our experimental data. Due to the fact that beside bubbly flow, also the stratified and droplet flow regimes occur, a new approach to model phase interaction terms of the Two-Fluid Model for mass, momentum and energy is presented. Thereby, the transition from one flow regime to another is taken into account. The experimental mass flow rate can be predicted with an accuracy of 10%. The three dimensional analysis of the flow situation demonstrates the influence of pipe elements such as horizontal and vertical sections, bends and valves of the pipe on the mass flux and the steam distribution. The analysis of secondary flows in bends emphases their importance for the steam distribution within the pipe, for the pressure loss and the average mass flux.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Rane, Sham, Ahmed Kovačević, Nikola Stošić, and Graham Stupple. "On Numerical Investigation of Water Injection to Screw Compressors." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86463.

Full text
Abstract:
Oil injection is widely used in screw compressors for lubrication, sealing and cooling purposes. More recently other, mainly lower viscosity fluids are used for the purpose, for example water. Water introduces new phenomena into the screw compressor process, one among them is evaporation. 3D numerical modelling is employed and presented in this paper for the detailed analysis of flow and thermodynamics process during injection of water in screw compressors. The advantage of such simulations is that realistic geometry of the rotors and the ports can be captured. In addition, the physical effects of fluid thermal interactions and leakage are directly taken into account by these models. Recent studies have shown that for oil free and oil injected air compressors a good agreement is achieved with measurements, in prediction of performance parameters. In these simulations the Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase modelling has been applied. To implement the same model for water injected compressors presents an additional challenge as the liquid water injected into the compression chamber changes phase and evaporates depending on the local saturation and thermodynamic conditions. Water also forms liquid film on the rotors and housing and thereby influences thermal changes. In this paper a numerical model for water injected screw compressor that accounts for evaporation effects has been presented. Empirical form of the Lee (9) evaporation-condensation model for phase change has been applied in the compression chamber using the phase specific mass and energy sources. Calculation of the amount of water required to just saturate the compressed air at delivery pressure is used to set the mass flow rate of water at two operating speeds. The effect of the suction air temperature and relative humidity is studied. Evaporation inside compression chamber has two important physical effects, one is that the latent heat of evaporating water lowers the gas temperature and the other is the change of state from water to vapour. Including vapour as a third phase adds complexity to already challenging deforming grids required for screw domains. Hence a mass and energy source formulation is proposed in the presented study to account for the vapour phase change and evaporation effects, thus limiting the number of phases to be modelled. Local drop in gas temperature, distribution of water and regions of evaporation were identified by the simulations. Thermal hot spots on the rotor were located. Reduction in the leakage of gas and its exit temperature was well predicted by the model. Such simplified evaporation model can be further used in the design of water injected screw compressors and extended to predict thermal deformation of the rotors and the housing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Bieber, Malte, Sarah Menzel, Anja Lena Thiebes, Christian Gabriel Cornelissen, Stefan Jockenhoevel, Reinhold Kneer, and Manuel Armin Reddemann. "Viability of coaxial atomization for disintegration of cell solutions in cell spray applications." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4609.

Full text
Abstract:
Treating Leukemia with intravenous stem cell transplantation represents a well-established therapy technique. For applications, that require high local cell concentrations, transplantation by conventional intravenous injection is less potent, due to cell distribution with blood circulation. Instead, spraying them directly onto the injured or diseased area shows promising results in various applications, e.g. superficial treatment of topographically challenging wounds, in situ seeding of cells on implants, deposition of cells in tubular organs for stem cell therapy. The present work aims for a basic knowledge about viability boundaries for coaxial cell-spray atomization and the reciprocal influence between cells in solution and primary breakup mechanics. A generic modular nozzle is developed, to ensures reproducible boundary conditions. Investigations are conducted regarding primary breakup and relations between resulting droplet size distribution and cell survival. Measurements are performed, utilizing microscopic high-speed visualization with suitable image post processing. Cell viability is analyzed using phase contrast microscopy prior and after atomization. A relation between Rayleigh-Taylor instability wavelength and droplet size distributions by means of Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and cell survival rate (CSR) is suggested. A power law is presented, exclusively dependent on dimensionless measures (λ⊥ ∼ Re-1/2 We −1/3) which is found to be proportional to SMD and CSR.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4609
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Yamato, Shuntaro, Hirohiko Matsuzaki, Takamichi Ito, and Yasuhiro Kakinuma. "Investigation of Correlation Between Process Energy Balance and Phase Shift Variation of Chatter Vibration in Spindle Speed Variation." In JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/lemp2020-8565.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract It is widely known that the spindle speed variation (SSV) is an effective technology for chatter suppression, especially in the turning or boring process. Its simple optimal design, however, is not a simple task. In the past, certain research works considered the chatter onset from the perspective of process energy balance in a vibration cycle. The phase shift between previous (i.e., outer modulation) and present vibrations (i.e., inner modulation) of chatter is a key factor in the process energy balance. The SSV can be conceptually interpreted as a technique that continuously perturbs the phase shift between the inner and outer modulations, thereby changing the process energy balance. Simply put, the chatter energy can be controlled by applying the SSV to suppress the chatter. This study investigates the correlation between the process energy balance and phase shift behavior in the sinusoidal SSV through numerical energy simulation. The results indicate that the phase shift at the maximum spindle speed is an important factor to minimize the total energy balance (i.e., to dissipate the chatter energy) in the SSV cycle. This probably corresponds to the fact that the beat vibration tends to occur near the maximum spindle speed in the SSV. The insights gained from this study are anticipated to serve as a guideline for shaping the phase shift profile in the SSV to effectively suppress chatter vibration.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Giakoumis, Zoitis, E. Geoffrey Engelbrecht, Alexandros Chasoglou, and Ndaona Chokani. "Computational Investigation of a Multiphase Turbo Expander for Heat Pumps and Refrigeration Cycles." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15683.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The design and development of an innovative Tesla style turbo expander for two-phase fluids is proposed, as a substitute for the lamination valve of a traditional Heat Pump cycle. Thereby enhancing the overall performance of the Heat Pump, by recovering mechanical work to offset the compressor requirements. The major challenge in such configurations is the reliable operation of the expander, when phase change occurs across it, from a purely liquid flow to a mainly vapour flow by volume with a dense cloud of liquid droplets. To investigate the phase change, a modelling approach is adopted which is routinely applied to modelling fuel-flashing in direct injection diesel engines, where the phase change deviates strongly from equilibrium. The Homogeneous Relaxation Model (HRM) is employed, which utilizes an Eulerian approach. The proposed computational model is firstly validated against experimental results available in the literature. A sensitivity analysis of the phase change model relaxation parameter is performed. It was found that a value 10 times lower than the published value gave closer agreement to the measured results. It is believed that this result is due to the roughened walls of the experiment, which would produce more nucleation sites for vapour bubble formation. This suggests that this model maybe is sensitive to the geometry of the turbine. Following this validation, the detailed flow profile in the proposed Tesla turbo-expander is investigated. Two different expander designs are considered in this project, one working with water [4,20] and the other with butane (R600). This study focuses particularly on the butane expander design. The expander performance is evaluated for rotational speeds up to 32’000 RPM. Results on the turbo-expander under investigation, showed that the presence of a dense cloud of liquid droplets produces a significant pressure drop across the turbine rotor, which increases with RPM, postponing the phase change. High volume-fraction of liquid was predicted to penetrate deeper inside the rotor above 16’000 RPM for the butane expander. The resulting lower liquid flow velocity relative to the rotor disk speed at the inlet of the rotor is predicted to significantly degrade the performance of the turbine at high rotational speeds. Decreasing the nozzle throat area improves the situation, by initiating the phase change further upstream and increasing the RPM operational range by 50%. Angling the nozzle radially inward by 10° was found to not have a great impact on the performance of the turbine. It was determined from this study that it is critical to predict correctly where the phase change starts, in order to accurately predict the performance of the turbine. Important is to remove as much liquid as possible from the flow, before it enters the rotor, to minimize the impact of the phase change on the turbine performance.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Abobaker, Ekhwaiter, Abadelhalim Elsanoose, Mohammad Azizur Rahman, Faisal Khan, Amer Aborig, and Stephen Butt. "Experimental, Numerical, and Statistical Investigation of Two Phase Flow in a Cylindrical Perforation Tunnel." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62956.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Perforation is the final stage in well completion that helps to connect reservoir formations to wellbores during hydrocarbon production. The drilling perforation technique maximizes the reservoir productivity index by minimizing damage. This can be best accomplished by attaining a better understanding of fluid flows that occur in the near-wellbore region during oil and gas operations. The present work aims to enhance oil recovery by modelling a two-phase flow through the near-wellbore region, thereby expanding industry knowledge about well performance. An experimental procedure was conducted to investigate the behavior of two-phase flow through a cylindrical perforation tunnel. Statistical analysis was coupled with numerical simulation to expand the investigation of fluid flow in the near-wellbore region that cannot be obtained experimentally. The statistical analysis investigated the effect of several parameters, including the liquid and gas flow rate, liquid viscosity, permeability, and porosity, on the injection build-up pressure and the time needed to reach a steady-state flow condition. Design-Expert® Design of Experiments (DoE) software was used to determine the numerical simulation runs using the ANOVA analysis with a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) model and ANSYS-FLUENT was used to analyses the numerical simulation of the porous media tunnel by applying the volume of fluid method (VOF). The experimental data were validated to the numerical results, and the comparison of results was in good agreement. The numerical and statistical analysis demonstrated each investigated parameter’s effect. The permeability, flow rate, and viscosity of the liquid significantly affect the injection pressure build-up profile, and porosity and gas flow rate substantially affect the time required to attain steady-state conditions. In addition, two correlations obtained from the statistical analysis can be used to predict the injection build-up pressure and the required time to reach steady state for different scenarios. This work will contribute to the clarification and understanding of the behavior of multiphase flow in the near-wellbore region.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kumar, Sumit, and Atul Srivastava. "NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL RESPONSE OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUES BASED ON THE DUAL-PHASE- LAG BIO-HEAT TRANSFER MODEL DURING LASER-BASED PHOTO-THERMAL THERAPY." In Proceedings of CHT-15. 6th International Symposium on ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER , May 25-29, 2015, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2015.intsympadvcomputheattransf.230.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wielage, B., S. Steinhäuser, G. Reisel, A. Wank, and O. Brandt. "Investigation of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Twin Wire Arc Sprayed Copper Alloys." In ITSC2003, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2003p1429.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract During the last decades, the application of copper alloys has become very prominent in engineering. Judging from the properties of bulk materials or galvanic copper coatings, a thermal sprayed coating shows significant disadvantages. The reason for this effect is the build up of a thermal sprayed coating by individual droplets. The main aim of this work is to improve the properties of the twin wire arc sprayed copper alloys, thereby expanding the application of these kind of coatings to the areas where galvanic copper plating technique are mainly used. A copper-cobalt-beryllium alloy has been investigated and the possibility of its application in the twin wire arc process evaluated. The arc sprayed coatings were classified based on the properties of bulk material. The improvement of properties like hardness is based on an investigation of several spraying parameters of the arc spray process. To achieve a maximum value of thermal or electrical conductivity, minimum porosity of the coatings was the aim. Furthermore, a post heat treatment of the sprayed coatings, with the aim of reducing residual tensile stresses within the coating and to improve the wear resistance by means of hardening effects, was carried out. The investigations involved metallographic examination of the coatings using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Phase composition and residual stresses were detected by X-ray diffraction analysis. Microhardness was measured in the as sprayed as well as in the heat treated state.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Weirich, Antonia, Benedict Theren, Dennis Otibar, and Bernd Kuhlenkötter. "Investigation of the Lifetime of Antagonistic Shape Memory Wires With Focus on Accelerated Resetting." In ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5511.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The antagonistic setup of shape memory actuators enables a multitude of further applications than designs with only one shape memory element. In these actuators, two opposed shape memory elements work against each other and also ensure mutual resetting. This setup allows easily controlled and powersaving actuators for applications with two end positions such as locks or latches. It not only eliminates mechanical resetting, for example by a spring, but also offers a simple realization of holding the end positions energy-free and thereby conserving the shape memory effect. In order to maximize the potential of this actuator design, the authors investigate the interdependencies between antagonistic wires. This paper focuses on the effect of resetting a previously activated NiTi wire by another, similar antagonistic wire before it cooled down completely. On the one hand, very early resetting can have a negative effect on both the cooling and especially the activated wire. This is mainly noticeable in a shortened lifetime of the actuator elements. On the other hand, applying mechanical strain by activating the opposed wire can accelerate phase transformation within the cooling wire. The authors performed corresponding fatigue tests with different cooling times in the antagonistic setup, in order to narrow down a timeframe for the optimized usability of an antagonistic wire actuator.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Phage therapy investigation' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography