Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phage safety'
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Pereira, Carla Sofia Gomes. "Phage therapy: a new technology for depuration of bivalves." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/18602.
Full textDe forma a reduzir a transmissão de agentes patogénicos através do consumo de bivalves, devem ser desenvolvidas novas tecnologias a associar à depuração, tal como a terapia fágica. A eficácia da utilização de fagos para controlar infeções bacterianas tem sido relatada em diversos estudos. No entanto, relativamente à utilização da terapia fágica para inativar bactérias patogénicas durante a depuração de bivalves, existe apenas um estudo preliminar, feito sem circulação de água (contrariamente ao que acontece na depuração industrial). O sucesso da combinação destas duas tecnologias depende da compreensão detalhada da dinâmica sazonal e espacial da comunidade bacteriana total, incluindo bactérias associadas a doenças devido ao consumo de bivalves e indicadores de qualidade microbiológica da água, nas zonas de produção de bivalves. Durante o Verão, a comunidade bacteriana total apresentou uma maior complexidade e aumento da abundância dos principais grupos de bactérias patogénicas, indicando que deste pode ser um período crítico onde a terapia fágica deve ser aplicada. No entanto, devido ao impacto das fontes de poluição antropogénicas e outras fontes de contaminação, a terapia fágica poderá ter que ser aplicada também durante a estação fria. Cinco novos fagos foram isolados e caracterizados para controlar Salmonella Typhimurium (phSE-1, phSE-2 e phSE-5) e Escherichia coli (phT4A e EC2A), a fim de avaliar a sua potencial aplicação durante a depuração de bivalves. Os ensaios in vitro demonstraram que o uso de fagos individuais (phT4A e EC2A), pode ser uma alternativa eficaz para o controlo de E. coli, em particular, quando combinados em cocktail. A depuração num sistema estático com MOI 1 usando os fagos phT4A e EC2A, foi a condição em que se obteve melhores resultados (diminuição ~2.0 log CFU/g) em berbigões artificialmente contaminados. Quando berbigões naturalmente contaminados foram tratados em sistema estático com as suspensões de fagos individuais e cocktails de fagos, foram obtidas reduções semelhantes na concentração de E. coli (diminuição ~0.7 log UFC/g). Quando os berbigões naturalmente contaminados foram depurados com o fago phT4A com circulação de água, a concentração de bactéria foi reduzida mais rapidamente que na ausência de fagos. Os resultados dos ensaios in vitro mostraram igualmente que o controlo de S. Typhimurium com fagos phSE-5 e phSE-2 e o cocktail destes dois fagos foi eficiente. A aplicação do fago phSE-5 e cocktail (phSE-2/phSE-5) inativou eficazmente S. Typhimurium em berbigões contaminados artificialmente (redução de 1.7 UFC/g com o fago phSE-5 e 0.7 log UFC/g com o cocktail phSE-2/phSE-5) e em berbigões naturalmente contaminados (redução de 0.9 log UFC/g para ambos para a suspensão simples e para o cocktail) durante a depuração em sistema estático, especialmente quando são usadas suspensões do fago phSE-5 a uma MOI baixa. Os berbigões artificialmente contaminados também foram mais eficazmente descontaminados durante a depuração com circulação de água na presença do fago phSE-5 que quando foi usada apenas depuração sem adição de fagos (i.e. o processo convencional de depuração). Este é o primeiro trabalho em que foi testado o uso de fagos durante a depuração de berbigões naturalmente contaminados e contaminados artificialmente em sistemas com circulação de água, tal como acontece na depuração industrial de bivalves, provando assim que esta tecnologia poderá ser transposta para a indústria. Os resultados obtidos usando fagos de E. coli e de S. Typhimurium mostraram que a combinação da terapia fágica e depuração melhora a segurança microbiana dos bivalves para consumo humano, melhorando a eficiência de descontaminação. Além disso, esta abordagem também permite reduzir o tempo necessário para a depuração e consequentemente, os custos a ela associados. No entanto, a seleção e caracterização dos fagos e determinação da MOI mais adequado para ser utilizado durante a terapia fágica, é essencial para o sucesso da terapia fágica no controlo de bactérias patogénicas.
In order to reduce the infections by microbial pathogens through the consumption of bivalves, it is essential to develop alternative approaches to the conventional depuration practices. One new promising approaches is to combine the depuration of bivalves with phage therapy. The use of phages to control bacterial infections has been reported across numerous fields by many researchers. However, relatively the combination of depuration and phage therapy to eliminate pathogenic bacteria in bivalves there is only one study, and this study did not replicate industrial depuration procedures. The successful combination of those two technologies depends on a detailed understanding of the seasonal and spatial dynamics of the overall bacterial communities, including the bacteria implicated in bivalves-related illness and the indicators of microbiological water quality, in the harvesting areas. During the summer, the total bacterial community presented high complexity and an increase of abundance of the main pathogenic bacteria, indicating that this season is the critical time frame when phage therapy should be applied. However, due to the impact anthropogenic and other sources of contamination, phage therapy could be necessary also during the cold season. Five new phages were isolated and characterized to control Escherichia coli (phT4A and ECA2) and Salmonella Typhimurium (phSE-1, phSE-2 and phSE- 5) in order to evaluate their potential application during depuration. The in vitro assays indicated that the use of phages individually (phT4A and EC2A) or combined in cocktails (phT4A/EC2A), can be an effective alternative to control of E. coli, particularly if combined in a phage cocktail. Depuration in static seawater at MOI 1 with phage phT4A and ECA2 revealed to be the best condition (decreased of the 2.0 log CFU/g) in artificially contaminated cockles. When naturally contaminated cockles were treated in static seawater with single phage suspensions and the phage cocktail, similar decreases in the concentration of E. coli (decreased of the 0.7 log CFU/g) were achieved. When naturally contaminated cockles were depurated using conventional practices with phage phT4A, bacterial concentration was reduced sooner. The assays in vitro, demonstrated that the control S. Typhimurium with phages phSE-5 and phSE-2 and with these two phages combined in a cocktail was efficient, paving way for the in vivo studies. The efficiency of bacterial inactivation with single phage suspensions of phSE-5 and phSE-2 leaded to further in vivo studies to control of Salmonella in bivalves. The application of phage phSE-5 and phage cocktail phSE-2/phSE-5 can be successfully employed to inactivate S. Typhimurium (reduction of 1.7 log CFU/g for phSE-5 and 0.7 log CFU/g for phSE-2/phSE-5 in artificially contaminated cockles and reduction of 0.9 log CFU/g for both in naturally contaminated cockles) during depuration in static system, especially if phSE-5 phage is used individually and if a low MOI is employed. Using conventional depuration practices in the presence of phage phSE-5, bacterial concentration is more quickly and efficiently reduced in artificially contaminated cockles. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a depuration trial using phages in the artificially and naturally contaminated cockles using industrial depuration procedures, proving that this technology can be ported into the bivalves industry. The obtained results using phages of E. coli and S. Typhimurium indicated that combining phage therapy with depuration procedures enhance bivalve microbial safety for human consumption by improving decontamination efficiency. Moreover, this approach also displays the advantage of reducing the time required for depuration and consequently its associated costs. However, the selection and characterization of appropriate phages and the most adequate multiplicity of infection to be used in phage therapy is a critical stage to achieve a successful phage-mediated control of pathogenic bacteria.
Rodrigues, Fernando Vieira. "Seleção de peptídeos ligantes a Staphylococcus aureus: obtenção de novas ferramentas diagnósticas de contaminações alimentares." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2013. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12389.
Full textConsumption of food contaminated with strains of Staphylococcus aureus can cause diseases, whose signs and symptoms include gastroenteritis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain within one to six hours post-consumption of contaminated food. In this way, rapid methods of detection and identification of S. aureus are essential for food quality control and food safety. At this study, objectived to select peptide that binds to S.aureus, through the technique of Phage Display (PD), for development of fast diagnostic tools, of easy handling and low cost. At this study was used bioppaning for selection of peptides that express on the surface filamentous phage peptides that binds to S. aureus. The phage DNA selected was sequenced and subjected to in silico analysis (BioEdit v7.0.9). The sequences obtained were aligned and clones underwent pre-screening (ELISA) for the evaluation of binding specificity to S. aureus. The titles of input and output in biopanning were constant. Nine valid sequences were obtained after sequencing 40 clones selected after 3 rounds of biopanning. The analysis demonstrated that four clones presented reactivity in bacteria, although tests have demonstrated that the peptides exhibited no specific binding capacity in Staphylococcus aureus. Nevertheless, the peptide H06 showed binding specificity in gram-positive bacteria used in the test of reactivity. Furthermore, the in silico analysis showed that the recombinant peptides share chemical characteristics essential the proteins of the bacterial cells. Although the S. aureus specificity had not been observed, the peptide can be used as a method of detecting contamination of food in gram-positive bacteria. In food contamination, fast screening and identification of bacterial groups, allows establish decisions about the marketing and distribution of foods and may prevent outbreaks of food intoxication and ensure food security.
O consumo de alimentos contaminados com cepas de Staphylococcus aureus pode causar doenças, cujos sinais incluem gastroenterites, náuseas, vômitos, diarreia, dor abdominal intensa dentro de uma a seis horas após o consumo do alimento contaminado. Por esta razão, métodos rápidos de detecção de S.aureus são essenciais para o controle da qualidade e da garantia da segurança alimentar. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo selecionar peptídeos ligantes à S.aureus, por meio da técnica de Phage Display (PD), para desenvolvimento de ferramentas diagnósticas rápidas, de fácil manipulação e baixo custo. Neste estudo, foi realizado bioppaning para seleção de peptídeos expressos na superfície de fagos filamentosos que apresentassem peptídeos ligantes a S.aureus. O DNA dos fagos selecionados foi sequenciado e submetido a analise in silico(BioEdit v7.0.9). As sequências obtidas foram alinhadas e os clones foram submetidos à pre-screening (ELISA) para avaliação de especificidade de ligação à S. aureus. Os títulos de entrada e saída obtidos no biopanning foram constantes. Nove sequências válidas foram obtidas após o sequenciamento dos 40 clones selecionados após 3 ciclos de biopanning. A análise de reatividade demonstrou que quatro clones apresentaram reatividade à bactéria, embora os testes de especificidade demonstraram que os peptídeos não exibiram capacidade de ligação específica a S. aureus. Apesar disto, o peptídeo E06 mostrou especificidade de ligação a bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus usadas no teste de reatividade. Além disso, as análises in sílico revelaram que os peptídeos recombinantes compartilham características químicas essenciais a proteínas das bactérias. Embora a especificidade a S.aureus não tenha sido observada, neste estudo o peptídeo pode ser utilizado como um método de detecção a contaminação de alimentos por estafilococos. Nas contaminações de alimentos, a triagem rápida e métodos de identificação de grupos bacterianos permitem estabelecer decisões sobre a comercialização e distribuição e podem prevenir um surto de intoxicação, garantindo a segurança alimentar.
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural Aplicadas
Skarpheđinsson, Hjalmar. "Novel oxidatively activated safety catch linkers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:68179292-c0b4-438c-9c25-d60bfcce907f.
Full textPettitt, Glenn Nigel. "Characterisation of two phase releases." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303967.
Full textKenyon, Yvonne Michelle. "Two-phase flows accompanying fires in enclosures." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2003. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19138/.
Full textRussell, Helen Elizabeth. "Novel thermally cleavable safety-catch linkers for combinatorial chemistry." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313129.
Full textCorneliussen, Kjell. "Well Safety. Risk Control in the Operational Phase of Offshore Wells." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1876.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis has been the development of procedures and methods for risk assessment of oil and gas wells. The work is limited to the well operational phase. The procedures and methods provide status of the well risk level during the life cycle from installation to abandonment of the well. The main focus is on the two main safety functions of the well:
a. To prevent uncontrolled leakage of well fluids from the well to the environment. This function is usually referred to as well integrity and is a continuous safety function that may fail at any instant of time.
b. To shut in the well flow in case of a dangerous incident on the downstream side of the x-mas tree. The shut-in function is an on demand function activated in a random critical situation.
In this context a systematic approach means to describe a procedure for risk assessment, with focus on quantitative/predictive analysis as a means to provide input to the assessment. The risk assessment is based on existing and new methods and knowledge gained during the PhD work.
The following contributions from the thesis are identified:
• A systematic approach for well risk assessment in the operational phase. A set of WRFs are identified that influence the total well risk. The procedure is primarily aimed at risk assessment in the operational phase after a well component failure has occurred.
• A method for constructing barrier diagrams. A barrier diagram is a structured way of describing a well as a barrier system. In the thesis it is shown how to calculate failure probability directly from the barrier diagram. Alternatively, the barrier diagram construction rules allows for converting the barrier diagram to a fault tree.
• A framework for assessing well component failure causes, acceptable deviations in well component performance, and dependent failures.
• A method for calculating the safety unavailability of safety functions, and a method for calculating the safety unavailability for different configurations of surface controlled subsurface safety valves.
Paper II reprinted with kind permission of Elsevier, sciencedirect.com
Li, Qing. "Interim monitoring efficacy, safety and futility in phase III clinical trials." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008p/li.pdf.
Full textMandali, Sridhar. "Site-specific recombination of P2-like phages; possible tools for safe gene therapy : A focus on phage ΦD145." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för genetik, mikrobiologi och toxikologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-45940.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.
Bettis, R. J. "Two phase releases following rapid vessel failure." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376541.
Full textMcCurdy, Robert J. "The use of vapor phase ultraviolet spectroscopy to characterize flammable liquids recovered from fire debris." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249051.
Full textGattoc, Leda, Paula M. Frew, Shontell N. Thomas, Kirk A. Easley, Laura Ward, H.-H. Sherry Chow, Chiemi A. Ura, and Lisa Flowers. "Phase I dose-escalation trial of intravaginal curcumin in women for cervical dysplasia." DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622729.
Full textMd-Ulang, Norhidayah. "Communication of construction health and safety information in design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9817.
Full textHare, John Andrew. "The venting of a runaway esterification reaction on both the laboratory and pilot scales." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245039.
Full textPinho, Jorge. "Experimental investigation of cavitation in a safety relief valve using water: extension to cryogenic fluids." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209095.
Full textIn order to investigate the above effects of cavitation in a SRV, two different orifice sized valves (API 2J3 type and a transparent model based on an API 1 1/2G3 type) are tested in two different experimental facilities expressly built for this purpose. Instead of using a spring, the design of both valves allows the adjustment of the disc at any desired lift. Hence the static behavior of the valves is investigated. Both facilities, operating at different magnitude scales, allow the study of single phase and cavitating flow conditions required to properly determine the most important hydraulic characteristics, and access on any potential scaling effect between both sized SRVs. Experimental techniques used for the determination of the hydraulic characteristics include temperature, flow rate, fluid forces and pressure measurements both upstream and downstream the test sections.
Results show a similar influence of cavitation on the flow characteristics of both valves, minimizing any potential scaling effect. The liquid pressure recovery factor FL, which is normally used to identify a choked flow condition in a control valve, is experimentally determined for the first time in a SRV. The existence of a local minimum located at small openings of the lift indicates a change on the flow characteristics of both valves, which is related to the location of the minimum cross section of the flow that does not remain constant for every lift position. An extended experimental campaign is performed to analyse the effect of the blowdown ring adjustment located around the nozzle of the API 2J3 valve. Results confirm that the position of the ring has an important contribution for the hydraulic forces acting on the valve disc.
In the second part of the research, precise optical diagnostic techniques are successfully applied in the transparent valve to locally characterize the flow topology in a SRV experiencing cavitation. These results are innovative and enrich the experimental database available in the literature for the characterization and understanding of the flow physics in such devices. In a first configuration, high speed visualization is applied to observe qualitatively the flow pattern and the inception of liquid vaporization. Particle tracking results suggest that vapor bubbles are formed in the core of vortices detached from the shear layers attached to the valve. These rotational structures promote lower pressure regions allowing the liquid to vaporize. In the second configuration, particle image velocimetry is applied to extract the velocity field in both single phase and cavitating flow conditions. Results of PIV confirm the existence of a submerged jet just downstream the minimum section. This jet is characterized by two non-symmetric shear layers at its sides. Under cavitation conditions, PIV results confirm that vapor bubbles are formed preferentially inside the jet shear layers. The phenomenon of mass flux limitation caused by cavitation is reproduced at small openings of the valve and interaction with the flow topology is highlighted. It is observed that limitation of the flow occurs when the vena contracta is shifted towards the minimum geometrical section of the flow. Finally, instabilities of the flow downstream the critical section are investigated in the frequency domain by means of time resolved data. Results suggest that vortex shedding mechanism is dominated by a constant Strouhal number which is slightly affected by the valve opening.
In the last part of the research, the methodology used in water is extended and applied to cryogenic liquids. Two different geometries are investigated experimentally and numerically using water and liquid nitrogen as working fluids. Results suggest that both the flow coefficient (determined at single flow conditions), and the liquid recovery factor (used to identify choked flows), are independent on the fluid properties and therefore, an hydraulic similarity relation can be proposed.
This research project was carried out at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI), in Belgium, in close collaboration and with the funding of Centre Technique des Industries Mécaniques (CETIM) in France.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rowland, Rosalind. "Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of candidate tuberculosis vaccines through Phase I Clinical Trials." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/374738/.
Full textVander, Giessen Steven Thomas. "Evaluation of an active wildlife-sensing driver warning system at Trapper's Point, Wyoming phase I /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1402175051&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textZippe, Winfried, Jochen Zschau, Vladimir Valentinovich Kontelev, Vladimir Ivanovitsch Melnikov, Andrej Duncev, Robert Zboray, Leonid Karlovitsch Stoppel, Valery Nikolajevich Chochlov, Horst-Michael Prasser, and Vadim Vladimirovich Ivanov. "Local and integral ultrasonic gauges for two-phase flow instrumentation in nuclear reactor and safety technology." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-29896.
Full textCatchpole, Roger. "Establishing cost-effective safety management for major oil and gas exploitation projects in the design phase." Thesis, Open University, 2012. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54513/.
Full textZippe, Winfried, Jochen Zschau, Vladimir Valentinovich Kontelev, Vladimir Ivanovitsch Melnikov, Andrej Duncev, Robert Zboray, Leonid Karlovitsch Stoppel, Valery Nikolajevich Chochlov, Horst-Michael Prasser, and Vadim Vladimirovich Ivanov. "Local and integral ultrasonic gauges for two-phase flow instrumentation in nuclear reactor and safety technology." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2000. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21816.
Full textBopf, Tara-Louise. "Mathematical modelling of worker interactions and the impact on workplace safety." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/104384/1/Tara-Louise_Bopf_Thesis.pdf.
Full textLucas, D., and F. P. Weiß. "TOPFLOW-Experimente, Modellentwicklung und Validierung von CFD-Codes für Wasser-Dampf-Strömungen mit Phasenübergang." Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-85355.
Full textKourakos, Vasilios. "Experimental study and modeling of single- and two-phase flow in singular geometries and safety relief valves." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209827.
Full textThe flow of a mixture of two fluids in pipes can be frequently encountered in nuclear, chemical or mechanical engineering, where gas-liquid eactors, boilers, condensers, evaporators and combustion systems can be used. The presence of section changes or more generally geometrical singularities in pipes may affect significantly the behavior of twophase flow and subsequently the resulting pressure drop and mass flow rate. Therefore, it is an important subject of investigation in particular when the application concerns industrial safety valves.
This thesis is intended to provide a thorough research on two-phase (air-water) flow phenomena under various circumstances. The project is split in the following steps. At first, experiments are carried out in simple geometries such as smooth and sudden divergence and convergence singularities. Two experimental facilities are built; one in smaller scale in von Karman Institute and one in larger scale in CETIM. During the first part of the study, relatively simple geometrical discontinuities are investigated. The characterization and modeling of contraction and expansion nozzles (sudden and smooth change of section) is carried out. The pressure evolution is measured and pressure drop correlations are deduced. Flow visualization is also performed with a high-speed camera; the different flow patterns are identified and flow regime maps are established for a specific configuration.
A dual optical probe is used to determine the void fraction, bubble size and velocity upstream and downstream the singularities.
In the second part of the project, a more complex device, i.e. a Safety Relief Valve (SRV), mainly used in nuclear and chemistry industry, is thoroughly studied. A transparent model of a specific type of safety valve (1 1/2" G 3") is built and investigated in terms of pressure evolution. Additionally, flow rate measurements for several volumetric qualities and valve openings are carried out for air, water and two-phase mixtures. Full optical access allowed identification of the structure of the flow. The results are compared with measurements performed at the original industrial valve. Flowforce analysis is performed revealing that compressible and incompressible flowforces in SRV are inversed above a certain value of valve lift. This value varies with critical pressure ratio, therefore is directly linked to the position at which chocked flow occurs during air valve operation. In two-phase flow, for volumetric quality of air=20%, pure compressible flow behavior, in terms of flowforce, is remarked at full lift. Numerical simulations with commercial CFD code are carried out for air and water in axisymmetric 2D model of the valve in order to verify experimental findings.
The subject of modeling the discharge through a throttling device in two-phase flow is an important industrial problem. The proper design and sizing of this apparatus is a crucial issue which would prevent its wrong function or accidental operation failure that could cause a hazardous situation. So far reliability of existing models predicting the pressure drop and flow discharge in two-phase flow through the valve for various flow conditions is questionable. Nowadays, a common practice is widely adopted (standard ISO 4126-10 (2010), API RP 520 (2000)); the Homogeneous Equilibrium Method with the so-called !-method, although it still needs further validation. Additionally, based on !-methodology, Homogeneous Non-Equilibrium model has been proposed by Diener and Schmidt (2004) (HNE-DS), introducing a boiling delay coefficient. The accuracy of the aforementioned models is checked against experimental data both for transparent model and industrial SRV. The HNE-DS methodology is proved to be the most precise among the others. Finally, after application of HNE-DS method for air-water flow with cavitation, it is concluded that the behavior of flashing liquid is simulated in such case. Hence, for the specific tested conditions, this type of flow can be modeled with modified method of Diener and Schmidt (CF-HNE-DS) although further validation of this observation is required.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Wittmann, Johannes Clinical School South Western Sydney Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Phase I animal safety study of new second generation porphyrin based photosensitizers in the Syrian Golden hamster." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39833.
Full textBerst, Frédéric. "The development of a solid-phase route to cyclic tetrapeptoids using a new 'latent' safety-catch linker." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620287.
Full textMaringa, Joshua, and Thorbjørn Sæther. "Specification of Requirements for Safety in the Early Development Phases - Misuse Case and HAZOP in the Concept Phase." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13999.
Full textMoncalvo, Davide [Verfasser]. "The influence of fluid properties on single and two-phase two-component flows in safety valves / Davide Moncalvo." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/109804035X/34.
Full textMehlitz, Philipp-Mathias [Verfasser]. "Safety profile of CAP7.1 obtained during Phase I Trial in adult patients with refractory malignancies / Philipp-Mathias Mehlitz." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121007368/34.
Full textVo, Do. "Automation, Annunciation, and Emergency Safety Shutdown of a Laboratory Microgrid Using a Real-Time Automation Controller (RTAC)." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2292.
Full textFouchier, Charline. "Investigation of the Pollutant Dispersion Driven by a Condensed-Phase Explosion in an Urban Environment." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/312560/3/PhD.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Owens, Brandon D. (Brandon Dewain). "Using phase space attractors to evaluate system safety constraint enforcement : case study in space shuttle mission control procedure rework." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53216.
Full textVita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 390-409).
As the complexity and influence of engineering systems in modern society increases, so too does their potential to create counterintuitive and catastrophic accidents. Increasingly, the accidents encountered in these systems are defying the linearized notions of accident causality that-though developed for the simpler engineered systems of the past-are prevalently used for accident prevention today. In this dissertation, an alternative approach to accident prevention based on systems theory-the Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) and STAMP-based hazard analysis (STPA)-is augmented with the notion of using phase space attractors to evaluate how well STAMP safety control structures enforce system safety constraints. Phase space attractors are mathematical results that emerge from the behavior of systems with dynamic structures that draw or constrain these systems to specific regions of their phase space in spite of a range of conditions. Accordingly, the goal in using this notion for the evaluation of safety constraint enforcement is to identify and analyze the attractors produced by a safety control structure to determine if it will adequately "attract" the system to safe states in spite of a range of unforeseeable conditions. Support for this approach to evaluating STAMP safety control structures is provided through the study of a safety control structure in an existing complex, socio-technical system. This case study is focused on a safety control process-referred to as Procedure Rework-used in Space Shuttle Mission Control to update procedures during in-flight operations as they are invalidated by changes in the state of the Space Shuttle and its environment.
(cont.) Simulation models of procedure rework are developed through physical and human factors principles and calibrated with data from five Space Shuttle missions; producing simulation results with deviations from the historical data that are-as characterized by Theil Inequality Statistics-small and primarily due to cycles and noise that are not relevant to the models' purpose. The models are used to analyze the attractor produced by the Procedure Rework Process across varied conditions, including a notional crewed spacecraft mission to a distant celestial body. A detrimental effect in the process is identified-and shown to be potentially far more severe than light delay on a mission to a distant celestial body-and approaches to mitigating the effect are explored. Finally, the analysis conducted is described as a generalizeable process for using phase space attractors to evaluate system safety constraint enforcement in engineering systems.
by Brandon D. Owens.
Ph.D.
Kotikalapudi, Siddhartha. "Characteristics and contributory causes related to large truck crashes (phase-II) - all crashes." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14027.
Full textDepartment of Civil Engineering
Sunanda Dissanayake
In order to improve safety of the overall surface transportation system, each of the critical areas needs to be addressed separately with more focused attention. Statistics clearly show that large-truck crashes contribute significantly to an increased percentage of high-severity crashes. It is therefore important for the highway safety community to identify characteristics and contributory causes related to large-truck crashes. During the first phase of this study, fatal crash data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) database were studied to achieve that objective. In this second phase, truck-crashes of all severity levels were analyzed with the intention of understanding characteristics and contributory causes, and identifying factors contributing to increased severity of truck-crashes, which could not be achieved by analyzing fatal crashes alone. Various statistical methodologies such as cross-classification analysis and severity models were developed using Kansas crash data. Various driver-, road-, environment- and vehicle- related characteristics were identified and contributory causes were analyzed. From the cross-classification analysis, severity of truck-crashes was found to be related with variables such as road surface (type, character and condition), accident class, collision type, driver- and environment-related contributory causes, traffic-control type, truck-maneuver, crash location, speed limit, light and weather conditions, time of day, functional class, lane class, and Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT). Other variables such as age of truck driver, day of the week, gender of truck-driver, pedestrian- and truck-related contributory causes were found to have no relationship with crash severity of large trucks. Furthermore, driver-related contributory causes were found to be more common than any other type of contributory cause for the occurrence of truck-crashes. Failing to give time and attention, being too fast for existing conditions, and failing to yield right of way were the most dominant truck-driver-related contributory causes, among many others. Through the severity modeling, factors such as truck-driver-related contributory cause, accident class, manner of collision, truck-driver under the influence of alcohol, truck maneuver, traffic control device, surface condition, truck-driver being too fast for existing conditions, truck-driver being trapped, damage to the truck, light conditions, etc. were found to be significantly related with increased severity of truck-crashes. Truck-driver being trapped had the highest odds of contributing to a more severe crash with a value of 82.81 followed by the collision resulting in damage to the truck, which had 3.05 times higher odds of increasing the severity of truck-crashes. Truck-driver under the influence of alcohol had 2.66 times higher odds of contributing to a more severe crash. Besides traditional practices like providing adequate traffic signs, ensuring proper lane markings, provision of rumble strips and elevated medians, use of technology to develop and implement intelligent countermeasures were recommended. These include Automated Truck Rollover Warning System to mitigate truck-crashes involving rollovers, Lane Drift Warning Systems (LDWS) to prevent run-off-road collisions, Speed Limiters (SLs) to control the speed of the truck, connecting vehicle technologies like Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) integration system to prevent head-on collisions etc., among many others. Proper development and implementation of these countermeasures in a cost effective manner will help mitigate the number and severity of truck-crashes, thereby improving the overall safety of the transportation system.
Radosevic, Aleksandar 1974. "Clinical efficacy and safety of a new hybrid radiofrequency electrode for treatment of liver malignancies : Phase I and phase II randomized clinical trial using radiofrequency versus microwave ablation." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671844.
Full textRadiofrequency ablation and MWA have each been reported as offering a useful therapeutic option for the treatment of liver malignancy in selected patients. Although comparable, their results are still inferior to results obtained through surgical resection. Efforts have been made to develop devices that are able to produce larger ablation zones with a more favorable geometry. One of these devices is Gnomon, an experimental hybrid electrode developed by our team whose clinical testing through Phase I and Phase II trials is the object of this thesis. We have initially confirmed that this electrode is safe for clinical use and posteriorly, through a randomized clinical trial, we compared this electrode with the latest generation microwave system. Although we did not confirm improvement of the ablation zone geometry, the technical and clinical outcomes seem to be in the range of those obtained with one of the latest generation of microwave systems.
Dorris, Kathleen. "A comparison of safety and efficacy of cytotoxic versus molecularly targeted agents in pediatric phase I solid tumor oncology trials." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1330023465.
Full textTormey, Peter J. "The effect of diurnal phase on performance physiology and immune system." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2017. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1023141.
Full textBari, Khurram. "Safety and Efficacy of Budesonide as an alternative to Prednisone for Liver Transplant Immune Suppression: Results of a pilot phase 2a trial." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1573575278794713.
Full textMcLaggan, Martyn Scott. "Novel fire testing frameworks for Phase Change Materials and hemp-lime insulation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15896.
Full textQvick, August, and Anton Hansson-Böe. "Fuktsäkerhetsarbete i produktionsskedet : Alsters förskola utformas till ett referensobjekt." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-43642.
Full textIsambert, N., M. Campone, E. Bourbouloux, M. Drouin, A. Major, W. Yin, Paul M. Loadman, R. Capizzi, C. Grieshaber, and P. Fumoleau. "Evaluation of the safety of C-1311 (SYMADEX) administered in a phase 1 dose escalation trial as a weekly infusion for 3 consecutive weeks in patients with advanced solid tumours." Elsevier, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4563.
Full textPURPOSE: C-1311 is a member of the novel imidazoacridinone family of anticancer agents. This phase 1 trial was designed to investigate the safety, tolerability and preliminary anti-tumour activity of C-1311. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a phase 1, inter-subject dose escalating and pharmacokinetic study of intravenous (IV) C-1311, administered weekly during 3consecutive weeks followed by 1week rest (constituting 1 cycle) in subjects with advanced solid tumours. RESULTS: Twenty-two (22) patients were treated with C-1311, the highest dose given was 640mg/m(2). All subjects experienced one or more treatment-related adverse events (AEs). The most frequently observed treatment-related AEs were neutropaenia and nausea (50% each), followed by vomiting (27%), anaemia (23%), asthenia (23%) and diarrhoea (18%). Most treatment-related AEs were of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grades 1-2, except for the blood and lymphatic system disorders, which were primarily of grades 3-4. The recommended dose (RD) of C-1311 administered as once weekly IV infusions for 3weeks every 4weeks is 480mg/m(2), with the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) being grade 4 neutropaenia lasting more than 7days. Treatment at this dose offers a predictable safety profile and excellent tolerability. CONCLUSION: The safety profile and preliminary anti-tumour efficacy of C-1311, observed in this broad-phase dose-finding study, warrants further evaluation of the compound.
Galindo, Amparo. "Prediction of phase equilibria of associating fluids with the SAFT approach." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242291.
Full textHuber, Christian [Verfasser], Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Jossen, and Markus [Gutachter] Lienkamp. "Phase Change Material in Battery Thermal Management Applications : An assessment of efficiency and safety / Christian Huber ; Gutachter: Andreas Jossen, Markus Lienkamp ; Betreuer: Andreas Jossen." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1140586580/34.
Full textParicaud, Patrice. "Understanding the fluid phase behaviour of polymer systems with the SAFT theory." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7465.
Full textSadeghi, Leyla. "Aide à la décision pour l'intégration de la sécurité au plus tôt en phase de conception : approche innovante de reconception de machines agricoles." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0031/document.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis is positioned in the field of design for safety. This thesis is particularly interested in operationalizing the IRAD (Innovative Risk Assessment Design) method, which integrates safety systematically throughout the design process. For this purpose, in first step, we propose to formalize a type of experience feedback (accident reports) detailing the facts relating to the elements of a working situation and the events that led to an accident. In the next step, we propose two complementary approaches to redesign for safety: functional reverse engineering for safety (FRES) and functional re-engineering for safety (FR2ES). FRES is used to extract knowledge on both the accident and the design of the system involved in the accident. This approach allows assessing the safety level of the system by estimating a safety indicator depending on the type of identified risk. This indicator is used as a parameter for decision support during the redesign of the system. FR2ES defines the safety objectives related to each phase of the design in order to eliminate or reduce a given risk. The safest solutions are then obtained, on the one hand, by incorporating these safety objectives in the redesign process and, on the other hand, by using the safety indicator applied to the proposed solutions. Finally, the applicability of these approaches is demonstrated on two types of tractor-implement hitches: the power take off shaft and the three point hitch systems
Maine, Andrew. "Reducing the risk of Type 2 diabetes in people with intellectual disabilities : a three phase study." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2018. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1510775.
Full textClavier, Rémi. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation des pertes de pression lors du renoyage d’un lit de débris." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0124/document.
Full textThis work deals with single and two-phase flow pressure losses in porous media. The aim is to improve understanding and modeling of momentum transfer inside particle beds, in relation with nuclear safety issues concerning the reflooding of debris beds during severe nuclear accidents. Indeed, the degradation of the core during such accidents can lead to the collapse of the fuel assemblies, and to the formation of a debris bed, which can be described as a hot porous medium. This thesis is included in a nuclear safety research project on coolability of debris beds during reflooding sequences. An experimental study of single and two-phase cold-flow pressure losses in particle beds is proposed. The geometrical characteristics of the debris and the hydrodynamic conditions are representative of the real case, in terms of granulometry, particle shapes, and flow velocities. The new data constitute an important contribution. In particular, they contain pressure losses and void fraction measurements in two-phase air-water flows with non-zero liquid Reynolds numbers, which did not exist before. Predictive models for pressure losses in single and two-phase flow through particle beds have been established from experimental data. Their structures are based on macroscopic equations obtained from the volume averaging of local conservation equations. Single-phase flow pressure losses can be described by a Darcy-Forchheimer law with a quadratic correction, in terms of filtration velocity, with a better-than-10 % precision. Numerical study of single-phase flows through porous media shows that this correlation is valid for disordered smooth particle beds. Twophase flow pressure losses are described using a generalized Darcy-Forchheimer structure, involving inertial and cross flow terms. A new model is proposed and compared to the experimental data and to the usual models used in severe accident simulation codes
Bissen, Edouard. "Semi-analytical methodology for stability and bifurcation analysis in a low pressure boiling channel for GEN4 SFR safety R&D on two-phase flow limit cycles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0417.
Full textThe objective of the study undertaken in this work is to better understand the highly non-linear behaviour of two-phase flows (liquid-vapour). The establishment of bifurcation diagrams for simple academic configurations (flows in a vertical cylindrical tube, heated at its wall) is therefore an important first step in the implementation of our numerical approach. To achieve this objective, we have developed a methodological approach, which we believe is quite original in this field, since it is based on a semi-analytical method of solving the simplified equations of the problem (one-dimensional drift model). The implemented continuation method is based on the numerical asymptotic method, which allows us to calculate with good numerical efficiency (good accuracy and low computation times) the stationary solutions of the base flow over the entire range of interest (liquid single phase, liquid-vapour two phase, steam single phase). When the branch of stationary solutions is calculated in this way, we then carry out a linear stability analysis, the only part in which any linearization step is introduced. The model is then used to conduct parametric studies to highlight the most influential parameters on flow stability, facilitating the physical understanding of the mechanisms at play
Varaprasad, K. S., and K. S. R. Murthy. "HELICOPTER BORNE TELEMETRY DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR DOWN RANGE APPLICATIONS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604927.
Full textThe terminal phase telemetry data acquisition has always been a challenging task especially for long and medium range test launches. The task becomes more complicated if the article under test describes a very low altitude cruise terminal phase trajectory. Generally, for long and medium range missions test fired into sea the terminal phase data is acquired by deploying instrumented ships in the vicinity of impact point but beyond the safety corridor. But for long range missions with low altitude cruise terminal phase trajectory and wide safety corridor this conventional approach will not work out because of limitation of LOS from the ship platforms. Hence, for such applications an air borne telemetry receiving system is also to be added to the down range instrumentation network. This paper describes a typical and cost effective air borne system realized utilizing the Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) products and technology. This paper also addresses as to how the signal scattering problems are tackled in the design implementation.
Lucas, D., and F. P. Weiß. "TOPFLOW-Experimente, Modellentwicklung und Validierung von CFD-Codes für Wasser-Dampf-Strömungen mit Phasenübergang." Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 2011. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22147.
Full textKumar, Mithlesh. "Magnetic flux distorsion in two-phase liquid metal flow." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15854/1/Kumar_1.pdf.
Full textSwaidan, Ali. "Study of water injection with evaporation in a heterogeneous highly degraded nuclear reactor core." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0002/document.
Full textSevere accidents arising from the fusion of a nuclear reactor core must be anticipated to enhance the efficiency of their mitigation. Such accidents have occurred at TMI-2 (1979) and Fukushima (2011). Following a loss of coolant accident, core heating and oxidation of the fuel cladding followed by reflooding (injection of water) may lead to the collapse of fuel rods and formation of porous debris bed in the core. Steam produced upon reflooding may activate the exothermic oxidation of Zircaloy leading to partial melting of materials. Such evolution generates zones with reduced porosity limiting coolant penetration and/or impermeable blocked zones. In this situation, the efficiency of injecting water into the core to stop the progress of degradation and prevent the reactor core melting may be significantly reduced. In this scope, IRSN launched PEARL program to investigate the thermal hydraulics of reflooding of hot debris beds surrounded by a more permeable zone simulating the presence of intact or less damaged zones in the core. The PEARL experiments were modeled and simulated using ICARE/CATHARE code to assess the evolution of a bottom reflooding of a superheated debris bed surrounded by a bypass of larger permeability. The thermal hydraulics of the quenching process has been analyzed and the effect of each of the initial conditions on the reflooding behavior was assessed. The effect of pressure was investigated and related to the entrainment of injected water at quench front level into the bypass. An analytical model was then developed to investigate thoroughly the reflooding of a superheated heterogeneous porous medium, composed of two layers of contrasting permeability and porosity, and to describe the water entrainment in the bypass. This model computes the main variables characterizing the reflooding process such as quench front velocity, water-to-steam conversion ratio, and the flow rate of water entrained in the bypass. It provides good qualitative and quantitative results for the two-phase flow redistribution as compared to experimental results. This model has several advantages. It is written in a rather general form including the Forchheimer correction terms and non-zero cross-terms in the generalized Darcy-Forchheimer momentum equation. Variations of proposed momentum equations including changes in correlations andinterfacial friction laws can be tested easily and efficiently. Comparison of the calculations against experimental results indicated that it is necessary to include an interfacial friction law to obtain good predictions. This model allows performing fast evaluations of the efficiency of cooling bycomputing the fraction of the injected flow rate that participates in cooling. Upscaling to the reactor scale is straightforward and calculations were performed to assess the impact of geometric parameters of the debris bed (particle size, porosity, dimensions) as well as thermal hydraulic conditions (temperature, pressure, injection flow rate) on the reflooding process. Thus the model is very useful to estimate the total quenching time and the maximum temperature that could be reached by the hot debris bed at large scales. This allows assessing the probability of a successful quenching of a hot debris bed formed during a hypothetical accidental scenario