Academic literature on the topic 'Ph D Personal autonomy'

John Christman, in ‘Autonomy and Personal History,’ advances a novel genetic or historical account of individual autonomy. He formulates ‘the conditions of the [i.e., his] new model of autonomy’ as follows:(i) A person P is autonomous relative to some desire D if it is the case that P did not resist the development of D when attending to this process of development, or P would not have resisted that development had P attended to the process;(ii) The lack of resistance to the development of D did not take place (or would not have) under the influence of factors that inhibit self-reflection;and(iii) The self-reflection involved in condition (i) [sic] is (minimally) rational and involves no self-deception. (11)

The article examines the psychological qualities and characteristics that support positive relations with others as they are understood in C. Ryff 's model of psychological well-being and compares them with those personal qualities that usually understood as supporting an individual 's personal autonomy. To solve this task, we used the corresponding scale from the Ryff 's Scales of Psychological Well-being; the Test of Meaningful Life Orientation of D. A. Leontiev; Test-Questionnaire of Self-Attitude of V. V. Stolyn, S.R. Panteleyev; Self-Efficacy Scale proposed by R. Schwarzer and M. Jerusalem (adapted by V. G. Romek), S. Maddi 's Hardiness Scale (adaptated of D. A. Leontiev et al.), the Self-Actualization Test (CAT), the self-expression scale from the self-determination test of Osin E. et al. In total, 150 respondents - students of Kyiv universities participated in the research. The study data show that there are strong correlations between positive relations with others and such personal traits as life process and life results and other indicators of meaningfulness of life; self-expression, which reveals whether life is experienced as consistent with one 's own desires, needs and values; self-respect and expected attitudes of others and several other indicators of self-attitude and general scale of self-attitudes; self-actualizing value and psychological hardiness. The predictors of successful positive relations are commitment, expected attitudes of others, self-expression and self-respect, existing life goals and positive life results. High locus of control on self and control as a factor of psychological hardiness can prevent from development of warm, good and deep relations. The obtained results show that there is a line of personal characteristic that support personal autonomy and positive relations with others, namely, self-expression, self-respect, life-goals. That is why we cannot argue the idea that personal autonomy and positive relations with others are totally opposite personal traits and that need in autonomy can is fulfilled by neglecting relationships with others.

In this narrative auto-ethnographic paper, I experiment with a version of “post-academic” writing. I explore how I could improve and develop my craft as a narrative inquirer and strengthen my written voice as an expression of my practitioner-researcher autonomy. I tell the story of two writers, myself and Laura, my student, by bringing us as characters into the same story. We are both students of writing and in the process of developing our thinking and awareness of educational experience through our writing. We use writing as inquiry, as a method, and our texts emerge from the shared storytelling world of language counselling. We both experiment with personal reflective writing as a way of claiming ownership of this open-ended writing practice and of expressing our autonomy. In this paper, I give glimpses of our stories with a view to how Laura’s story worked on me as a practitioner-researcher and a scholarly writer.

Using boundary management and conservation of resources theories, we examined how job resources (i.e., job autonomy and goal-oriented leadership) and a work-related personal resource (i.e., personal initiative at work) relate to cross-role interrupting behaviors—i.e., interrupting the work (or non-work) role to attend to competing non-work (or work) demands—and how, in turn, they correlate with work–family conflict. Furthermore, we examined differences in the proposed nomological network between workers adopting traditional and remote ways of working. Using a multigroup structural equation modelling approach on a sample of 968 employees from an Italian telecommunications company, we found that: (a) job autonomy was positively related to both work interrupting non-work behaviors and to non-work interrupting work behaviors, (b) goal-oriented leadership was negatively related to non-work interrupting work behaviors, (c) personal initiative at work was positively related to work interrupting non-work behaviors and, finally, (d) cross-role interrupting behaviors were positively related to work–family conflict. Additionally, our findings revealed previously undocumented results; (a) mediating patterns in how resources relate, through cross-role interrupting behaviors, to work–family conflict and (b) non-invariant associations among job autonomy, cross-role interrupting behaviors and work–family conflict across traditional and remote workers. The limitations and theoretical and practical implications of the present study are discussed.

This paper reports data from a study recently carried out with university language students attending a Master’s degree programme in Language Sciences. The study aimed at exploring to what extent logbook writing could allow them to progress in their learner autonomy by engaging in more reflective, conscious, and responsible second/foreign language learning. The class was asked first to write a logbook for a week with the purpose of keeping track of their personal language learning process and then to answer some reflective questions to give an account of their perception about the logbook experience. By taking an interpretive approach to the investigation and adopting qualitative data analysis, it was found that the logbook was generally perceived as useful in improving language learning and stimulating meta-cognitive reflection, self-awareness and learner’s intervention. While limits were identified in the use of this tool (i.e., persistence needed to regularly keep logs, time availability and appropriate organisation skills), some students declared their intention to use the logbook in the future, after making personalised adjustments according to their learning needs and goals.

Agriculture has been considered as one of the priority countries sectors in our research; the share of agriculture in the gross domestic product of the world leading countries was investigated. The theoretical and practical aspects of non-waste agricultural production development using animal waste and crop residues fermented in biogas plants are revealed. The authors substantiate the relevance and potential of the introduction of waste-free technology which has considerable advantages of energy autonomy both for the enterprise and the country. The state of humus content in soils of Ukraine is also considered. International experience has been evaluated, which consists in the ability of agricultural waste both to produce alternative sources of energy and to use the products of their processing as organic fertilizers that significantly increase crop yields. The first steps of the Ukrainian agricultural enterprises to introduction of non-waste production on the example of the company LLC Organic-D have been presented; it heats and electrifies the complex, dries crops, and also uses organic fertilizer (digestate) due to waste processing in the biogas station. As a result of the research, it was found that the application of organic fertilizer can have a positive effect on soil recovery, because the soil acidity has changed from a level of weak acid (5.4 pH) to a level close to neutral (6 pH) for one year of its application. To conclude, the obtained results prove the relevance of the research problem.

Vaginitis is a common disorder among women of varying ages that arises from a change in the normal pH balance of vaginal bacteria or an infection. Characteristic symptoms of itching, irritation, and odor cause considerable discomfort and increase the risk of contracting other sexually transmitted infections. Because of the sensitive and personal nature of the condition, some women may be reluctant to seek treatment. This behavior not only fails to solve the problem but may also delay medical treatment and result in additional medical complications. The pH changes associated with vaginitis and vaginosis, which are characterized by the presence or absence of inflammation, respectively, are well known but can vary. For example, bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis infection will raise vaginal pH above 4.5, while vulvovaginal candidiasis does not result in any measurable change to pH. Nonetheless, diagnostic tools relying on pH measurement are a valuable approach from which additional testing and treatment may be launched. Here, we focused on the use of a vaginal self-test tool and tested 50 patients, including pregnant women. When used according to the instructions, the Hygeia Touch Self-Testing Kit for Vaginal Infection demonstrated over 88% accuracy compared to a clinical diagnostic workup, with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 89% in the patients where the swab was correctly interpreted. This study demonstrated an effective self-test method with high acceptability among women that provided them with greater autonomy regarding health management.

Pubic hair removal, now common among women in Anglo/western cultures, has been theorised as a disciplinary practice. As many other feminine bodily practices, it is characterised by removal or alteration of aspects of women's material body (i.e., pubic hair) considered unattractive but otherwise “natural.” Emerging against this theorisation is a discourse of personal agency and choice, wherein women assert autonomy and self-mastery of their own bodies and body practices. In this paper, we use a thematic analysis to examine the interview talk about pubic hair from 11 sexually and ethnically diverse young women in New Zealand. One overarching theme – pubic hair is undesirable; its removal is desirable – encapsulates four themes we discuss in depth, which illustrate the personal, interpersonal and sociocultural influences intersecting the practice: (a) pubic hair removal is a personal choice; (b) media promote pubic hair removal; (c) friends and family influence pubic hair removal; and (d) the (imagined) intimate influences pubic hair removal. Despite minor variations among queer women, a perceived norm of genital hairlessness was compelling among the participants. Despite the articulated freedom to practise pubic hair removal, any freedom from participating in this practice appeared limited, rendering the suggestion that it is just a “choice” problematic.

This chapter presents a study in which the authors employed Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) methods (Hill, Thompson, & Williams,1997) to reanalyze interview data from a previous qualitative study of the personal characteristics of master therapists (Jennings & Skovholt, 1999). The purpose of the study was to better understand the ethical values of therapists considered to be “the best of the best” by their professional colleagues. Previous research has demonstrated that therapists utilize a variety of resources when making ethical decisions, including professional codes of conduct and their own values. The current study’s analysis of 10 master therapists’ interviews resulted in the identification of nine ethical values related to their clinical practice: (a) relational connection, (b) autonomy, (c) beneficence, (d) nonmaleficence, (e) competence, (f) humility, (g) professional growth, (h) openness to complexity and ambiguity, and (i) self-awareness. It is hoped that these findings will help to illuminate the ethical values that these master therapists draw upon in their work.

We applied a 1-D plankton ecosystem-biogeochemical model to assess the impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) on seasonal changes in biogeochemistry and plankton dynamics. Depending on deployment scenarios, OAE should theoretically have variable effects on pH and seawater pCO2, which might in turn affect (a) plankton growth conditions and (b) the efficiency of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via OAE. Thus, a major focus of our work is how different magnitudes and temporal frequencies of OAE might affect seasonal response patterns of net primary productivity (NPP), ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling. With our study we aimed at identifying a parameterization of how magnitude and frequency of OAE affect net growth rates, so that these effects could be employed for Earth System Modell applications. So far we learned that a meaningful response parameterization has to resolve positive and negative anomalies that covary with temporal shifts. As to the intricacy of the response patterns, the derivation of such parameterization is work in progress. However, our study readily provides valuable insights to how OAE can alter plankton dynamics and biogeochemistry. Our modelling study first focuses at a local site where time series data are available (European Station for Time series in the Ocean Canary Islands ESTOC), including measurements of pH, concentrations of total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), chlorophyll-a and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). These observational data were made available by Andres Cianca (personal communication, PLOCAN, Spain), Melchor Gonzalez and Magdalena Santana Casiano (personal communication, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria). The choice of this location was underpinned by the fact that the first OAE mesocosm experiment was conducted on the Canary Island Gran Canaria, which will facilitate synthesizing our modelling approach with experimental findings. For our simulations at the ESTOC site in the Subtropical North Atlantic we found distinct, non-linear responses of NPP to different temporal modes of alkalinity deployment. In particular, phytoplankton bloom patterns displayed pronounced temporal phase shifts and changes in their amplitude. Notably, our simulations suggest that OAE can have a slightly stimulating effect on NPP, which is however variable, depending on the magnitude of OAE and the temporal mode of alkalinity addition. Furthermore, we find that increasing alkalinity perturbations can lead to a shift in phytoplankton community composition (towards coccolithophores), which even persists after OAE has stopped. In terms of CDR, we found that a decrease in efficiency with increasing magnitude of alkalinity addition, as well as substantial differences related to the timing of addition. Altogether, our results suggest that annual OAE during the right season (i.e. physical and biological conditions), could be a reasonable compromise in terms of logistical feasibility, efficiency of CDR and side-effects on marine biota. With respect to transferability to global models, the complex, non-linear responses of biological processes to OAE identified in our simulations do not allow for simple parameterizations that can easily adapted. Dedicated future work is required to transfer the observed responses at small spatiotemporal scales to the coarser resolution of global models.