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1
Vahokoski, Juha, Lesley J. Calder, Andrea J. Lopez, Justin E. Molloy, Inari Kursula, and Peter B. Rosenthal. "High-resolution structures of malaria parasite actomyosin and actin filaments." PLOS Pathogens 18, no. 4 (April 4, 2022): e1010408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010408.
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Malaria is responsible for half a million deaths annually and poses a huge economic burden on the developing world. The mosquito-borne parasites (Plasmodium spp.) that cause the disease depend upon an unconventional actomyosin motor for both gliding motility and host cell invasion. The motor system, often referred to as the glideosome complex, remains to be understood in molecular terms and is an attractive target for new drugs that might block the infection pathway. Here, we present the high-resolution structure of the actomyosin motor complex from Plasmodium falciparum. The complex includes the malaria parasite actin filament (PfAct1) complexed with the class XIV myosin motor (PfMyoA) and its two associated light-chains. The high-resolution core structure reveals the PfAct1:PfMyoA interface in atomic detail, while at lower-resolution, we visualize the PfMyoA light-chain binding region, including the essential light chain (PfELC) and the myosin tail interacting protein (PfMTIP). Finally, we report a bare PfAct1 filament structure at improved resolution.
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Churko, A. A., M. S. Khrabrova, and A. V. Smirnov. "Polyclonal free light chains in IgA-nephropathy: correlation with clinical and morphological parameters and prognostic significance." Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 25, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2021-25-2-52-59.
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BACKGROUND. Mechanisms of the initiation of renal interstitial inflammation and fibrosis caused by immunoglobulin monoclonal free light chains (mFLC) in monoclonal gammopathy are well established. As far as these damage pathways are considered to be universal we hypothesize that polyclonal free light chains (pFLC) could have a similar effect on tubular and interstitial tissue and lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in primary glomerulopathies. THE AIM of this retrospective study was to analyze the association of pFLC kappa (pFLC-κ) and lambda (pFLC-λ) assessed in serum by Freelite® with clinical and morphological parameters and CKD progression in IgA-nephropathy (IgAN) cohort.PATIENTS AND METHODS. In this retrospective study, we enrolled 24 patients with IgAN proven by kidney biopsy (KBx). pFLC-κ and pFLC-λ levels were assessed in all cases at the time of KBx by Freelite® method (N pFLC-κ=3.3-19.4 mg/l, N pFLC-λ=5.7-26.3 mg/l). The normal κ/λ ratio was the inclusion criterion. In all cases, we determined serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI method (eGFRCKD-EPI), and daily proteinuria. Morphological findings were defined semiquantitatively by light and immunofluorescence microscopy. Oxford MEST-C score was evaluated as well as % of glomerulosclerosis. Correlation between parameters was assessed by Spearman’s coefficient. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the association of parameters with the progression of CKD estimated as an elevation of serum creatinine ≥25 % from the initial level or the initiation of renal replacement therapy at the end of the follow-up period (median was 28 (7; 37) months).RESULTS. Median of pFLC-κ 30.2 (6.1; 67.5) mg/l, median of pFLC-λ 27.6 (11.1; 92.1) mg/l. Levels of pFLC-κ and pFLC-λ were increased in 66.7 % and 50 % of patients, respectively. eGFR CKD-EPI median was 41 (26; 65) ml/min/1.73m2. Serum creatinine correlates with pFLC-κ (R=0.62, p<0.01) and pFLC-λ (R=0.45, p=0.03). Among morphological parameters pFLC-κ correlates with interstitial inflammation (R=0.47, p=0.02), tubular atrophy (R=0.54, p<0.01), interstitial fibrosis (R=0.44, p=0.03), peritubular capillaritis (R=0.42, p=0.04), T-score (R=0.66, p<0.01) and combined MEST-C score (R=0.45, p=0.03). For pFLC-λ the correlations with tubular atrophy (R=0.45, р=0.03) and Т-score (R=0.56, p<0.01) were shown. In Univariate Cox regression analysis pFLC-κ and pFLC-λ were associated with CKD progression (Exp(ß)=1.053; 95,0 %CI 1.003-1.105; p=0.038 and Exp(ß)= 1.041; 95,0 %CI 1.002-1.082; p=0.038, respectively) CONCLUSION. Polyclonal FLC, mostly pFLC-κ, were associated with tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis in patients with IgAN. Increased levels of either pFLC-κ or λ could be proposed as a predictor of CKD progression in patients with IgAN.
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Bentley, Kelsey, Andrew R. Weaver, Lee L. Wright, Scott P. Greiner, and Scott A. Bowdridge. "64 The effect of postweaning fecal egg count EBV on colostrum IgG concentration and color in Katahdin dams." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2024): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae019.104.
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Abstract Selection for postweaning fecal egg count (PFEC) EBV has revealed that low-PFEC sheep have greater resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection, greater survivability to weaning, and greater anamnestic response to booster clostridial vaccination. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that selection for PFEC may result in improved generalized immunity. It has also been reported that good-quality colostrum has a thick consistency and yellowish color. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare IgG concentration and color of colostrum in Katahdin ewes divergent in their PFEC EBV. All lactating ewes at the SWAREC were analyzed and were sorted into three groups: low-PFEC (PFEC < -50, n = 39), mid-PFEC (-49 < PFEC < +49, n = 38), and high-PFEC (PFEC > +50, n = 23) and sampled within 6-h post-partition. Upon parturition, a 20 mL colostrum sample was sterile collected by milking 10 mL from each udder half of the ewes; all samples were placed into pre-labeled 50 mL tubes and frozen on-site. Colostrum samples were thawed and diluted in 36% ammonium sulfate and centrifuged at 3,000 x g for 20 min at 4ºC. The removed whey portion was dialyzed using a 3,000 MW membrane cassette in 1 L of PBS (pH 7.4) at 4ºC for 12 h. Total IgG from colostrum was measured using an ovine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and color parameters were measured using a Minolta chromameter. To evaluate IgG and color differences, data were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS with Tukey’s HSD test to compare the effects of ewe PFEC genotype on colostrum IgG, Yellowness Index (YI), Whiteness Index (WI), L*, b* and a* values. Main effects of ewe PFEC genotype displayed a stepwise decrease in average colostrum IgG from low-PFEC to high-PFEC groupings (825 ng/mL, 513 ng/mL, and 258 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.0429). Likewise, a stepwise decrease in b* value, indicating relative yellowness, occurs from low-PFEC to high-PFEC groups (18.97, 16.91, and 15.22, respectively; P < 0.0459). These data suggest low-PFEC Katahdin ewes generate greater antibody concentration and yellowness within colostrum. Therefore, lambs born to these ewes would have a significant advantage in passive immunity from their dams, potentially contributing to lamb survivability.
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Bentley, Kelsey, Andrew R. Weaver, Lee Wright, Scott Griener, and Scott A. Bowdridge. "123 Selection for Post-weaning Fecal Egg Count Estimated Breeding Value Is Associated with Greater Antibody Production After Clostridial Vaccination in Katahdin Sheep." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_1 (March 8, 2022): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac028.081.
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Abstract In a previous study, Katahdin lamb survivability to weaning was affected by sire post-weaning fecal egg count estimated breeding values (PFEC EBV) where lambs sired by low PFEC rams had greater survivability than high-PFEC-sired lambs. Therefore, selection for PFEC may also select for improved generalized immunity. The aim of this study was to compare effects of divergent PFEC mating on antibody production in purebred Katahdin lambs in response to vaccination. Katahdin dams with a PFEC value of greater than zero were bred to positive (high-PFEC) FECEBV rams, likewise, dams with a PFEC value of less than zero were bred to negative (low-PFEC) FECEBV rams. All lambs were managed as one cohort until approximately 105 days of age. During this time on pasture, a natural helminth infection was established, blood samples were taken weekly, and fecal samples were collected bi-weekly. Lamb FEC corresponded to sire/dam genotype (943 epg high-PFEC vs. 455 epg low-PFEC; P < 0.001). Serum samples were taken weekly for 3 wks after initial vaccination for Clostridium perfringens type C&D and C. perfringens type A and for 4 wks after booster vaccination, which occurred 3 wk following primary vaccination. Total circulating IgG was measured used an ovine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate lamb IgG differences, data were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS with fixed effects of genotype, time, and genotype X time interactions. Means comparisons were performed on LS means of fixed affects or interactions, using Bonferroni adjustment. A genotype by time interaction revealed that IgG response to boostering favored LoPFEC lambs (1679.91 vs 1153.08 ug/mL, respectively; P < 0.001). When averaged across time, LoPFEC lambs generated greater IgG concentration than HiPFEC lambs (886.79 ug/mL vs 465.15 ug/mL, respectively; P < 0.001). These data indicate that PFEC breeding values in Katahdin sheep may predict immunological fitness outside the context of parasitic infections and has implications for use in selection of individuals less prone to disease.
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Calabi-Floody, Alejandra, Cristian Mignolet-Garrido, and Gonzalo Valdes-Vidal. "Study of the Effect of the Use of Asphalt Binders Modified with Polymer Fibres from End-of-Life Tyres (ELT) on the Mechanical Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt at Different Operating Temperatures." Materials 15, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 7578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217578.
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Processing of end-of-life tyres (ELT) produces polymer fibres (PFELT) as a by-product. PFELT currently presents a challenge to the recycling industry, due to the increasing numbers of ELT and lack of alternatives for the re-use of this material. The object of this investigation was to propose an alternative for re-using PFELT, in order to improve the performance properties of hot mix asphalt (HMA). This study enabled us to understand the relation between the addition of polymer fibre to the aggregate-binder matrix of the HMA in depth, as well as its effects on the mechanical properties of the resulting asphalt mix. To do this, we first made a physical and chemical characterization of the PFELT (TGA, SEM, polarized light, and fluorescence microscopy), establishing a modification methodology using two asphalt binders (CA-24 and CA-14) and three PFELT contents (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%). The HMA was designed using the Marshall method. The mechanical performance of the HMA was evaluated in a range of operating temperatures, from −10 °C to 50 °C, observing the following properties: (1) resistance to thermal cracking; (2) stiffness modulus; (3) indirect tensile strength; and (4) resistance to permanent deformation. The results show that the addition of 0.3% and 0.5% of PFELT to the asphalt binder significantly improved the mechanical performance properties of the mixes studied, with a greater effect at high operating temperatures; the resistance to permanent deformation increased by more than 30%.
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Bi, Ran, Jianxiong Yang, Chengqi Huang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Ran Liao, and Hui Ma. "Pulse Feature-Enhanced Classification of Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Using Polarized Light Scattering and Fluorescence Signals." Biosensors 14, no. 4 (March 28, 2024): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios14040160.
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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose a global threat to the biodiversity and stability of local aquatic ecosystems. Rapid and accurate classification of microalgae and cyanobacteria in water is increasingly desired for monitoring complex water environments. In this paper, we propose a pulse feature-enhanced classification (PFEC) method as a potential solution. Equipped with a rapid measurement prototype that simultaneously detects polarized light scattering and fluorescence signals of individual particles, PFEC allows for the extraction of 38 pulse features to improve the classification accuracy of microalgae, cyanobacteria, and other suspended particulate matter (SPM) to 89.03%. Compared with microscopic observation, PFEC reveals three phyla proportions in aquaculture samples with an average error of less than 14%. In this paper, PFEC is found to be more accurate than the pulse-average classification method, which is interpreted as pulse features carrying more detailed information about particles. The high consistency of the dominant and common species between PFEC and microscopy in all field samples also demonstrates the flexibility and robustness of the former. Moreover, the high Pearson correlation coefficient accounting for 0.958 between the cyanobacterial proportion obtained by PFEC and the cyanobacterial density given by microscopy implies that PFEC serves as a promising early warning tool for cyanobacterial blooms. The results of this work suggest that PFEC holds great potential for the rapid and accurate classification of microalgae and cyanobacteria in aquatic environment monitoring.
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Vaughan, Garrett T., Lee L. Wright, Scott P. Greiner, and Scott A. Bowdridge. "65 Effect of post-weaning fecal egg count EBV on grazing ewe behavior after weaning." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2024): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae019.105.
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Abstract Post weaning fecal egg count (PFEC) estimated breeding value (EBV) has been recently linked with improved immune competence and lamb survival to weaning, thus improving health though selection. Animal movement is also linked to animal health, however little is known about behavior differences in sheep with divergent PFEC EBV. Thirty Katahdin ewes were selected after weaning, from the Southwest Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center. Where high PFEC ewes (EBV > 172) and 15 low PFEC (EBV < -84) were selected. Upon placement into pastures, ewes were fitted with Digitanimal GPS collars that measure GPS location every 15 min and store data on a micro SD card. Additional data collection included bi-weekly body weights, FAMACHA scores, body condition scores and fecal egg count. There was no difference in any physiological measurement in these ewes for the duration of this 4-week study. However, significant differences were observed between groups for daily distance traveled. On average, High-PFEC ewes traveled 4.52 km, where low ewes traveled only 4.16 km (P < 0.0001). The average distance traveled between GPS signals (every 15 min) was 48.6 m for high ewes and 47.0 m for Low-PFEC ewes (P < 0.0001). Interestingly, the time of day where maximum activity occurred (1506 h vs 1448 h; High and Low-PFEC respectively) was not different, nor was the distance those ewes traveled in that hour (522.6 vs 519.2 m). These data provide a preliminary snapshot of movement differences that occur between PFEC groups and may inform future studies to evaluate linkage between health and movement in grazing livestock.
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Чурко, А. А., and А. Ш. Румянцев. "Free Light Chains of Immunoglobulins as a Biomarker of Glomerulopathies." Juvenis Scientia, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_3_42-50.
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Введение. Повышение уровня легких цепи иммуноглобулинов в сыворотке крови может рассматриваться в качестве биомаркеров активности основного заболевания и возможной мишени для новых методов лечения. Целью нашего исследования было определение уровня пСЛЦ при различных пролиферативных и непролиферативных гломерулопатиях Пациенты и методы. Обследованы 97 пациентов с хронической болезнью почек, среди них 51 мужчина и 46 женщин, средний возраст 47,5±14,6 лет. У всех обследуемых диагноз гломерулопатии был подтвержден морфологически. Уровень пСЛЦ сыворотки крови определяли методом «Freelite» («Binding Site Ltd», Великобритания). Результаты. Пролиферативные гломерулопатии были выявлены у 46 пациентов, непролиферативные — у 51. Уровень СЛЦ-каппа в сыворотке крови составил в первой группе 38,8 (18,7–61,0) мг/л, во второй — 21,7 (13,6–33,1) мг/л, р=0,003. Уровень СЛЦ-лямбда в сыворотке крови составил в первой группе 34,68 (23,1–56,4) мг/л, во второй — 25,4 (19,5–31,9) мг/л, р=0,005. В целом референсные значения для СЛЦ-каппа и СЛЦ-лямбда были превышены соответственно у 65% и 54% пациентов. Независимо от формы гломерулопатии статистически значимых взаимосвязей между пСЛЦ и традиционными показателями системного воспаления (СОЭ, С-реактивный белок) и долей полностью склерозированных клубочков выявлено не было. Заключение. Уровень пСЛЦ в сыворотке крови в основном отражает активность локального тканевого иммунного воспаления, которое поддерживается активацией В-лимфоцитов. Introduction. Light chains of immunoglobulins are not only structural elements of immunoglobulins of all classes, but can become independent units of immuno-mediated inflammatory reactions. Serum polyclonal free light chains (pFLC) are also found in a certain amount in practically healthy people. It has been shown that an increase in their serum levels can be considered as biomarkers of the activity of the underlying disease and a possible target for new treatment methods. There has been no extensive study of the role of pFLC in the pathogenesis of diseases unrelated to plasma cell diseases. The aim of our study was to determine the level of pFLC in various proliferative and non-proliferative glomerulopathies. Patients and methods. 97 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were examined, among them 51 men and 46 women, average age 47.5±14.6 years. The diagnosis of glomerulopathy was confirmed morphologically in all the subjects. The serum level of pFLC was determined by the “Freelite” method (“Binding Site Ltd”, UK). The glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the “2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine” formula. Results. Proliferative glomerulopathies were detected in 46 patients, non-proliferative — in 51. The level of pFLC-kappa in the blood serum in the first group was 38.8 (18.7–61.0) mg/l, in the second — 21.7 (13.6–33.1) mg/l, p=0.003. The level of pFLC-lambda in the blood serum in the first group was 34.68 (23.1–56.4) mg/l, in the second — 25.4 (19.5–31.9) mg/l, p=0.005. In general, the reference values for pFLC-kappa (19.4 mg/L) and pFLC-lambda (26.3 mg/L) were exceeded in 65% (n=63) and 54% (n=52) patients, respectively. Regardless of the form of glomerulopathy, the presence of significant relationships between pFLC and the detection of signs of systemic inflammation (ESR, C-reactive protein) was not revealed. Also, no statistically significant relationship was found between serum pFLC and the proportion of completely sclerotic glomeruli. For eGFR, the statistical relationship became significant only when the eGFR was less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Conclusion. The level of pFLC in the blood serum mainly reflects the activity of local tissue immune inflammation, which is supported by the activation of B-lymphocytes. In CKD C3 and more severe stages, eGFR should be taken into account when assessing the significance of an increase in serum levels of pFLC-kappa and lambda.
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Forbes, Robert M., Tom W. Murphy, Joan M. Burke, and Ronald M. Lewis. "98 Adding parasite resistance to the breeding objective in hair sheep." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2024): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.039.
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Abstract Economic selection indexes provide the best method to achieve genetic gain for multiple traits simultaneously. Hair sheep enterprises, particularly in environments with substantial gastrointestinal nematode challenge, may benefit from incorporating parasite resistance in a selection index. However, obtaining the relative economic value (REV) for parasite resistance is challenging; information on its impact on productivity is incomplete, as are the costs of treatment given anthelmintic resistance. The National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP) currently provides producers with an index designed to increase total weight of lamb weaned per ewe lambing (TW). Our objective was to assess the effects of including fecal egg count, an indicator of parasite resistance, as an additional goal trait. Including the benchmark scenario with TW as its sole objective, 10 indexes were constructed using standard index theory. Post-weaning fecal egg count (PFEC) was added to this breeding objective with a REV of -1 and the REV for TW was varied from +1 to +5 at +0.5 increments. Weaning weight, number of lambs born and weaned, and PFEC were the selection criteria, modelled as either phenotypes or estimated breeding values (EBV). Phenotypes and EBV were simulated for 1,000 lambs by Cholesky decomposition and used to generate index scores. Ten replicates were run and the top 3% of males and 26% of females were retained on index scores. Annual responses in the goal traits were estimated. Responses in PFEC were expressed as a percentage, assuming a mean PFEC of 2,089 eggs/g as in NSIP. Concordances with those selected in the benchmark scenario were determined. Using EBV as selection criteria, TW increased by 1.7 kg/yr in the benchmark scenario (Table 1). However, unfavorably, PFEC increased by 2.3%/yr. When phenotypic criteria were used, TW increased by 0.5 kg/yr, and PFEC by 0.3%/yr. Once added to the breeding objective, PFEC decreased regardless of the REV of TW. However, response in TW also reduced, although less so as its REV increased. With EBV as the criteria, the REV of +3 for TW appeared preferable: PFEC reduced by 7.1%/yr with 98% of the response in TW retained. With phenotypic selection criteria, PFEC reduced by 5.2%/yr with 94% of the response in TW retained. With +3 REV for TW and EBV as the selection criteria, on average 65% and 82% of males and females, respectively, were chosen in common with the benchmark. When phenotypic criteria were used, those percentages were 60% and 80%, respectively. Implementing a more holistic index with REV of +3 for TW and -1 for PFEC would result in reasonable responses in both traits. However, producers will need to decide if reduced gains in TW is acceptable to improve parasite resistance in a hair sheep breeding program.
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Churko, A. A., M. S. Khrabrova, A. V. Smirnov, and A. Sh Rumyantsev. "Immunoglobulin free light chains in developing and progression of kidney diseases." Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 25, no. 6 (November 18, 2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2021-25-6-27-38.
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Free light chains (FLC) of immunoglobulins have been of interest to researchers in various branches of medicine since their discovery in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In addition to hematology, where the role of monoclonal FLC (mFLC) produced by the clone of the B-cell line is being actively studied, other specialties are no exception. Thus, in modern neurology and rheumatology, polyclonal FLC (pFLC), produced by B-lymphocytes during their excessive immune/autoimmune stimulation, are being actively studied. In the pathogenesis of kidney disease, both mFLC and pFLC can be involved. The importance of mFLC for nephrology is associated, firstly, with various variants of kidney damage in monoclonal gammopathies - cylinder nephropathy, AL-amyloidosis, etc., and secondly, with the initiation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the progression of sclerotic changes in the renal tubulointerstitium. With regard to pFLC, their increased level in kidney pathology of various origins is associated with an unfavorable prognosis not only in relation to the progression of chronic kidney disease but also in life. This allows us to reasonably assume the participation of PSLC in the initiation of profibrotic processes in the kidney. Currently, it is believed that the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which underlies the formation of fibrosis of the renal parenchyma, can be mediated not only by mFLC, but also by pFLC, which has been demonstrated in a limited number of studies in some glomerulopathies. The review outlines the current understanding of FLC, as well as the role of mFLC and pFLC in renal pathology.
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Chen, Miaw-Ling, Chi-Heng Wu, Li-Shiuan Hung, and Bi-Fong Lin. "Ethanol Extract ofPerilla frutescensSuppresses Allergen-Specific Th2 Responses and Alleviates Airway Inflammation and Hyperreactivity in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Murine Model of Asthma." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/324265.
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This study was to investigate the effects of different fractions ofPerilla frutescens(Pf) leaves extracted by water or ethanol on asthma. BALB/c mice sensitized intraperitoneally and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) were divided into six groups. Each group of mice was tube-feeding with 0 (control), 80 μg (PfWL), or 320 μg (PfWH) water extracts or 80 μg (PfEL) or 320 μg (PfEH) ethanol extracts of perilla leaves daily for 3 weeks. A negative control group (PBS) was neither sensitized nor treated with Pf. The effects of perilla leave extracts on allergic immune response were evaluated. The results showed that OVA-specific IL-5 and IL-13 secretions from OVA-stimulated splenocytes were significantly suppressed in the ethanol extract groups PfEL and PfEH. Serum level of anti-OVA IgE tended to be lower in the PfEH group. The inflammatory mediators, such as eotaxin and histamine, and total cells, particularly eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), were also decreased in the PfEL and the PfEH groups. Therefore, the PfEL and the PfEH groups had significantly lower methacholine-induced hyperresponsiveness (AHR). In conclusion, ethanol extracts, rather than water extract, of perilla leaves could significantly suppress Th2 responses and airway inflammation in allergic murine model of asthma.
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THAPA, R. K., and GUNAKAR DAS. "A SIMPLE THEORY OF PHOTOFIELD EMISSION FROM THE SURFACE OF A METAL." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 19 (July 30, 2005): 3141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205032000.
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A simple model calculation of photofield emission is presented in which the photofield emission current (PFEC) is calculated for metal W. The matrix element for photoexcitation is evaluated by using the free electron wavefunction. The transmission probability D(W) is deduced by solving Airy's differential equation. The variation of PFEC is studied as a function of parameters like the applied high electric field, the photon energy, the initial state energy with reference to the Fermi level. It is found that in addition to D(W), the matrix element Mfi also has effect on the photofield emission.
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Brito, Carmen Lúcia Romão, Catharina Pinto Queirós Uzêda, Jaqueline Gonçalves Vieira, and Laura Giotto Cavalheiro. "Habilidades de letramento após intervenção fonoaudiológica em crianças do 1º ano do ensino fundamental." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia 15, no. 1 (2010): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-80342010000100015.
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OBJETIVO: Verificar a eficácia de um Programa Fonoaudiológico de Estimulação do Letramento - PFEL, em crianças do 1° ano do Ensino Fundamental, em relação à efetividade deste nas habilidades de letramento, consciência fonológica, vocabulário e leitura. MÉTODOS: Trinta e sete crianças, de ambos os gêneros, com média de idade de sete anos e um mês, cursando o 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental realizaram avaliação, pré e após intervenção fonoaudiológica, do letramento, consciência fonológica, vocabulário e nível de leitura. RESULTADOS: Na avaliação pré-PFEL a média percentual de acertos na prova de letramento foi de 28,90%; todos os sujeitos apresentaram alteração no vocabulário; obtiveram escore médio de 24,65 no CONFIAS e a maioria das crianças avaliadas encontrava-se no nível logográfico de leitura. Pós-PFEL os sujeitos apresentaram média percentual de acertos na prova de letramento igual a 40,05%; mantiveram déficit no vocabulário; escore médio no CONFIAS de 34,62 e a maioria dos sujeitos permaneceu no nível logográfico. CONCLUSÃO: O programa desenvolvido nesse estudo mostrou-se eficaz, promovendo mudanças qualitativas relevantes no vocabulário, letramento, consciência fonológica e leitura, apesar de quantitativamente, os resultados não evidenciarem significância estatística.
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Fu, Shen Yuan, Pin Gan Song, Zhong Jin Ni, and Qiang Wu. "Layered Cellulose Nanofibers Nanocomposites via Layer by Layer Assembling." Advanced Materials Research 530 (June 2012): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.530.56.
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Native cellulose nanofibers with high strength ratio may create an alternative as the blade material for wind power field. In this work, cellulose nanofibers (CN) with high L/D ratio was fabricated by combined biological treatment and mechanical disintegration processes. Then, we created a high-performance cellulose layered nanocomposites via layer by layer (LBL) assembling strategy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations show that common paper pulp exhibits a nearly spherical or amorphous structure, while as-made cellulose nanofibers displays a high aspect ratio, with a length of ca. 10~100 μm and a diameter of ca. 30~100 nm. However, some relative big fibres bundles are still observed. Mechanical measurements demonstrate that the tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation at break of layered CN nanocomposites (CNLC) reach 114MPa. 7.0GPa and 68 %,respectively, while only 63MPa, 3.3 GPa and 27 % for layered common paper pulp composites (PFLC). Flexural tests results show that CNLC gives a flexural strength and modulus of 263 MPa and 19 GPa, while only 114 MPa and 11 GPa for PFLC. Fracture surface observations indicate that though layered structure can be observed for both PFLC and CNLC, much thinner layer and long fibrous structure only exist in CNLC, which results in high mechanical performance.
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Hillner, A. C., A. W. H. Jans, and C. Winkel. "Chemoenzymatische Synthese von13C-markierter S-(-)-�pfels�ure." Journal f�r Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 335, no. 4 (1993): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19933350405.
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Kumaraguru, P. V., Vidyavathi Kamalakkannan, Gururaj H L, Francesco Flammini, Badria Sulaiman Alfurhood, and Rajesh Natarajan. "Hessian Distributed Ant Optimized Perron–Frobenius Eigen Centrality for Social Networks." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12080316.
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Terabytes of data are now being handled by an increasing number of apps, and rapid user decision-making is hampered by data analysis. At the same time, there is a rise in interest in big data analysis for social networks at the moment. Thus, adopting distributed multi-agent-based technology in an optimum way is one of the solutions to effective big data analysis for social networks. Studying the development of a social network helps users gain an understanding of interactions and relationships and guides them in making decisions. In this study, a method called Hessian Distributed Ant Optimized and Perron–Frobenius Eigen Centrality (HDAO-PFEC) is developed to analyze large amounts of data (i.e., Big Data) in a computationally accurate and efficient manner. Designing an adaptable Multi-Agent System architecture for large data analysis is the primary goal of HDAO-PFEC. Initially, using a Hessian Mutual Distributed Ant Optimization MapReduce model, comparable user interest tweets are produced in a computationally efficient manner. Eigen Vector Centrality is a measure of a node’s importance in a network (i.e., a social network), which allows association with other significant nodes (i.e., users), allowing for a greater effect on social networks. With this goal in mind, a MapReduce methodology in the Hadoop platform using Big Data, which enables quick and ordered calculations, is used in a distributed computing method to estimate the Eigen Vector Centrality value for each social network member. Lastly, extensive investigative experimental learning demonstrates the HDAO-PFEC method’s use and accuracy as well as its time and overhead on the well-known sentiment 140 dataset.
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Shchur, Nataliia. "OVERCOMING LANGUAGE BARRIERS IN THE COURSE OF DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMPETENCE IN HEIS." Educational Discourse: collection of scientific papers, no. 32(4) (May 5, 2021): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33930/ed.2019.5007.32(4)-4.
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The article clarifies the concept of language barriers arising in the course of PFLC development, identifies both the types and factors of their arising and the strategy and conditions for overcoming them. The study also focuses on using language coaching as one of the strategies for one-to-one teaching in HEIs whilst eliminating language barriers.
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Torres-Valois, Tarcilo, and Vicente Sanjosé-López. "Preguntas formuladas en educación científica: un estudio comparativo colombiano-español." Magis. Revista Internacional de Investigación en Educación 9, no. 18 (December 15, 2016): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.m9-18.pfec.
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<p>La formulación de preguntas es un potente recurso para el aprendizaje de las ciencias. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el desarrollo de la competencia metacognitiva por medio de la formulación de preguntas. En este estudio se usaron dos dispositivos experimentales de ciencias con un comportamiento inesperado. Se pidió a los participantes realizar preguntas destinadas a comprender su funcionamiento. La evaluación contrastó el desempeño de estudiantes colombianos con estudiantes españoles equivalentes. Los resultados mostraron que los colombianos formulan significativamente más preguntas en general, y más preguntas de alta calidad, que los estudiantes españoles. Se concluyó que estos estudiantes han desarrollado su control de la comprensión de un modo eficaz.</p>
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Neidlein, R., and H. Feistauer. "Synthese von Phosphono�pfels�ureestern durch Reduktion von 3-Phosphonopyruvaten." Monatshefte f�r Chemie Chemical Monthly 128, no. 1 (January 1997): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00807637.
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Kouomou, Peguy Flora Djuidje, Cécile Annie Ewane, Sylvain Lerat, Denis Omokolo Ndoumou, Carole Beaulieu, and Thaddée Boudjeko. "Evaluation of antagonistic activities against Pythium myriotylum and plant growth promoting traits of Streptomyces isolated from Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) rhizosphere." June 2019, no. 13(06) 2019 (June 20, 2019): 920–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.06.p1670.
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The focus of this study was to isolate, evaluate and characterize cocoyam rhizospheric actinobacteria collected from Mount Cameroon for their potential antagonistic activities against Pythium myriotylum, the causative agent of cocoyam root rot disease, and/or their ability to promote plant growth. Actinobacteria were isolated from soil samples by using serial dilution method. Dual culture assay was used to screen the isolates against fungal phytopathogens including P. myriotylum. The selected isolates were characterized morphologically, physiologically, biochemically and genetically. Furthermore, these isolates were subjected to in vitro production of various plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. Among the 287 isolates distributed into 12 distinct groups, PFK4, PFBOT7 and PFEL2 had high antagonistic effects against P. myriotylum and they were regarded as promising candidates for further study of their biocontrol ability. The identification of actinobacterial isolates was done using universal PCR of partial 16S rRNA sequences combined with bioinformatics and phylogenetic procedures. The results revealed that all these isolates belong to the genus Streptomyces spp. The isolate PFK4 showed 99% similarity with Streptomyces albulus while PFBOT7 showed 99% similarity with Streptomyces albus and PFEL2 showed 98% similarity with Streptomyces gandoceansis based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences. In this study for the first time, we report S. gandocaensis strain for the biological control of Pythium myriotylum. The role of these isolates in Plant Growth Promotion (PGP) by in vitro production of PGP traits such as phosphate solubilisation, siderophore, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ACC deaminase and cell wall degrading enzymes production were also evaluated and showed as potential PGP agents. Concurrent production of PGP substances coupled with broad spectrum of antifungal and antibacterial activities of these three strains suggest their potential use as promising biocontrol and PGP tools for the development of an alternative control method for cocoyam cultivation.
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Mollov, Plamen, Emil Maltschev, and Ivana Petkantschin. "Einflu� des Pectins auf die elektrokinetischen Eigenschaften von Pulpesuspensionen aus �pfeln." Zeitschrift f�r Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 203, no. 1 (January 1996): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01267768.
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Hong, Young Gyun, Gi Sub Hong, Jae Kyu Kang, Kyu Hong Hwang, and Jeong Bae Yoon. "Deformation Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Members with Prefabricated Fiber Laminate Composites." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 1245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1245.
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The innovative method based on prefabricated fiber laminate composites bonded to lightweight precast panel was applied for quality control of RC strengthening members. The experimental investigations for this method were presented for flexural member. Three different groups such as control group without strengthening, conventional fiber bonding group and innovated PFLC group bonded to precast panel. Tested results showed good or better capacities comparing to conventional strengthening method for flexural members. This investigation indicate that good enhancement with respect to quality control and reliability can be possible by the installation and epoxy injection with prefabricated panel using fiber laminate composites.
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Schlegel, T. K. "Schorffungizide?Ihr Einfluss auf die Penetration von Kalziumchlorid in �pfel." Erwerbs-Obstbau 46, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10341-004-0021-6.
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Shephard, Roy J., and Jean Bonneau. "Supervision of Occupational Fitness Assessments." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h03-018.
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Controversy continues regarding an appropriate level of supervision for occupational fitness assessments. A bout of vigorous physical activity can augment the immediate risk of a cardiac catastrophe by a factor of 5-100 depending on age, cardiac risk factors, and the physical and emotional circumstances of the participant. However, if a person engages regularly in such activity, the immediate risk is more than offset by an improvement in prognosis during intervening periods of rest. During demanding physical work, there is a small but measurable risk of sudden death (3 to 7 episodes per 100,000 personnel per year). The risk associated with a brief (< 15 min) but vigorous occupational fitness assessment is so low as to preclude attempts to reduce it still further by direct medical supervision. If testing encourages an increase in personal fitness, any immediate increase in risk is enormously offset by a reduction in the number of cardiac deaths while resting. Furthermore, evidence is unconvincing that the average medical practitioner can prevent or treat any emergencies that may arise better than a well-trained professional fitness and lifestyle consultant (PFLC), a person certified by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology who has had frequent opportunities to practice the necessary skills. Since occupational fitness assessments are not diagnostic procedures, they appear to fall outside the jurisdiction of medical licensing bodies. In the absence of a history of cardiovascular disease, supervision of such assessments is safely and appropriately undertaken by the PFLC. Unnecessary insistence on medical supervision could preclude annual evaluation of occupational fitness and a resulting enhancement of physical condition, thus increasing rather than diminishing the risk to the worker. Key words: cardiac catastrophe, professional fitness and lifestyle consultant, medical delegation, medical supervision, sudden death
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Burke, Joan M., Michael P. Popp, John D. Anderson, James E. Miller, and David R. Notter. "156 The Impact of Sire Parasite Resistance on Offspring Gastrointestinal Nematode Indicators, and Relative Impact of Lamb Breeding Values on sale Value of Ram Lambs." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad068.123.
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Abstract Genetic selection of sheep for resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) has become a priority for pasture-based production of lambs to minimize the need for deworming. The first objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of sire weaning or post-weaning fecal egg count (FEC) estimated breeding value (EBV; WFEC and PFEC, respectively) from the National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP) on GIN infection in Katahdin lambs born in fall (Oct – Nov; n = 459) or winter (Jan – Feb; n = 378) of 2018 through 2021 at the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS). FAMACHA scores were determined, and blood samples and feces were collected from the lambs to determine packed cell volume (PCV), and FEC at 60, 90, 120, and 150 days of age, and lambs were selectively dewormed if anemic. Data were analyzed using mixed models. The offspring FEC was positively (P < 0.001) and the PCV negatively (P < 0.001) related to the sire WFEC and PFEC. This implies that offspring parasitism would be less and survival greater from highly resistant sires. A second objective was to examine effects on sale prices of breeding-quality ram lambs from four farms, including ARS, of lamb EBV for WFEC and ewe productivity trait (EPT) designed to identify ewes with superior maternal ability. Sale price effects were dominated by sale type with a premium of $1,086/animal relative to direct sales from the farm for animals in NSIP or specialty sales. EPT EBV was impactful yielding a-SD increase of 2.3 units or an extra $39/animal. WFEC had no effect on sale value. Thus, while more parasite-resistant sires produced offspring with decreased FEC, the sale value of these ram lambs appeared to have been more strongly associated with EPT, or with a desire to obtain ram lambs with balanced EBV rather than elite EBV for parasite resistance.
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Igler, Andrea, and Walfried Rauter. "Kapillargaschromatographisches Pr�fverfahren auf Zus�tze von synthetischer DL-�pfels�ure zu Obsterzeugnissen." Zeitschrift f�r Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 203, no. 3 (May 1996): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01192879.
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Ahmed, Fathy M. M., Khaled A. Falous, and Moktar M. Aburzeza. "Removal of Arsenic, Fluoride, and Lead from Wastewater Using Novel Polyinorganic Coagulants." مجلة علوم البحار والتقنيات البيئية 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/jmset.v1i1.135.
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The present study highlights to the removal of some dangerous pollutants such as lead, arsenic, and fluoride from wastewater. Treatment using a novel polyinorganic coagulants, the eight novel polyinorganic coagulants were prepared, and characterized namely, poly aluminum chloride (PACl) polyaluminum chloride silicate (PAClSi), polyaluminum hydroxy sulphate (PAHS), polyaluminum hydroxy sulphate silicate (PAHSSi), polyferric chloride (PFeCl), polyferric chloridesilicate (PFeClSi), polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAlFeCl), and polyaluminum ferric chloride silicate (PAlFeClSi). The application was carried out for the removal of pollutants from wastewater using these novel polyinorganic coagulants. It was found that the maximum percentages of removal of Pb2+, AS3+, and F- ions from wastewater reached 99.98, 97, and 99%, using novel polyinorganic coagulants PAHSSi, PAlFeClSi, and PAlFeClSi respectively. Therefore, polyinorganic coagulant impregnated with silica was considered as a good coagulant for wastewater treatment due to its low cost and good efficiency in this application, as well as it will solve the problem of water shortage and to sustains a non-conventional water resource.
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Tarrach, Frowin, Gloria Bochmann, and Karl Herrmann. "�ber die beim Erhitzen von �pfels�ure oder Citronens�ure mit Glucose entstehenden Reaktionsprodukte." Zeitschrift f�r Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 184, no. 4 (April 1987): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01027664.
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Sun, Tianfei, Bizhong Xia, Yifan Liu, Yongzhi Lai, Weiwei Zheng, Huawen Wang, Wei Wang, and Mingwang Wang. "A Novel Hybrid Prognostic Approach for Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries." Energies 12, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 3678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193678.
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The prognosis of lithium-ion batteries for their remaining useful life is an essential technology in prognostics and health management (PHM). In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid prediction method based on particle filter (PF) and extreme learning machine (ELM). First, we use ELM to simulate the battery capacity degradation trend. Second, PF is applied to update the random parameters of the ELM in real-time. An extreme learning machine prognosis model, based on particle filter (PFELM), is established. In order to verify the validity of this method, our proposed approach is compared with the standard ELM, the multi-layer perceptron prediction model, based on PF (PFMLP), as well as the neural network prediction model, based on bat-particle filter (BATPFNN), using the batteries testing datasets of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center. The results show that our proposed approach has better ability to simulate battery capacity degradation trends, better robustness, and higher Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prognosis accuracy than the standard ELM, the PFMLP, and the BATPFNN under the same conditions.
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Yang, Yi, Gang Zhang, Mengyu Su, Qingbiao Shi, and Qingshuai Chen. "Prefoldin Subunits and Its Associate Partners: Conservations and Specificities in Plants." Plants 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2024): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13040556.
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Prefoldins (PFDs) are ubiquitous co-chaperone proteins that originated in archaea during evolution and are present in all eukaryotes, including yeast, mammals, and plants. Typically, prefoldin subunits form hexameric PFD complex (PFDc) that, together with class II chaperonins, mediate the folding of nascent proteins, such as actin and tubulin. In addition to functioning as a co-chaperone in cytoplasm, prefoldin subunits are also localized in the nucleus, which is essential for transcription and post-transcription regulation. However, the specific and critical roles of prefoldins in plants have not been well summarized. In this review, we present an overview of plant prefoldin and its related proteins, summarize the structure of prefoldin/prefoldin-like complex (PFD/PFDLc), and analyze the versatile landscape by prefoldin subunits, from cytoplasm to nucleus regulation. We also focus the specific role of prefoldin-mediated phytohormone response and global plant development. Finally, we overview the emerging prefoldin-like (PFDL) subunits in plants and the novel roles in related processes, and discuss the next direction in further studies.
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Geniac, Victoria, Lee L. Wright, Scott P. Greiner, Scott Bowdridge, and Andrew R. Weaver. "66 Effect of copper oxide wire particles on parasitism and growth in Katahdin lambs divergently selected for fecal egg count estimated breeding value." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2024): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae019.101.
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Abstract Internal parasites are one of the greatest threats to small ruminant production across the United States and parasitic resistance to anthelmintics continues to increase. Genetic selection and copper oxide wire particles (COWP) are two tools that could help reduce effects of parasites in small ruminants. The objective of this project was to determine the effects and interactions of COWP and genetic selection based on fecal egg count (FEC) estimated breeding value (EBV) on gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection and performance in naturally infected Katahdin lambs. Spring-born Katahdin ram lambs (n = 52) selected for extremely high FEC EBV (HighFEC, PFEC EBV = +100%) or low FEC EBV (LowFEC, PFEC EBV = -81%) were managed on a fescue-based pasture at the Southwest Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center (Glade Spring, VA). At weaning (June 29), lambs were dewormed with a three-combination treatment and rested for 21 d. At the start of the project (July 18), a random subset of lambs (HighFEC, n = 11; LowFEC, n = 15) were given a 2 g copper oxide wire particle bolus, while an equal number of remaining lambs were managed as controls without a copper bolus. All lambs were managed as one contemporary group. Fecal egg counts, FAMACHA scores, body weights, and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured bi-weekly for 10 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using PROC Mixed Procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) and FEC data were log transformed for normality. There were no effects of COWP treatment on FEC (P = 0.18). However, LowFEC-selected lambs had less FEC than HighFEC-selected lambs (230 vs. 565 eggs/g, respectively; P < 0.01). There was no interaction of COWP treatment and FEC genotype (P = 0.37). Copper oxide wire particle treatment had no effect on lamb body weight (P = 0.21), PCV (P = 0.69), FAMACHA score (P = 0.41), or overall ADG (P = 0.12). Lamb FEC genotype did not affect FAMACHA score or overall ADG (P = 0.10 and P = 0.22, respectively). LowFEC-selected lambs had lighter body weights (27.7 vs. 30.6 kg, respectively) and PCV (29.2% vs. 30.4%, respectively) than the HighFEC-selected lambs (P < 0.05). None of the 52 lambs met the requirement for deworming (FAMACHA ≥ 3) during the study. These results indicate that lamb FEC genotype may have a greater effect on parasitism than COWP treatment when given once during the post-weaning period. Even so, multiple tools should be considered, in addition to selection, for an integrated parasite management plan.
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Lo Basso, Gianluigi, Flavio Rosa, Davide Astiaso Garcia, and Fabrizio Cumo. "Hybrid systems adoption for lowering historic buildings PFEC (primary fossil energy consumption) - A comparative energy analysis." Renewable Energy 117 (March 2018): 414–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.099.
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Monteiro, Dennison C., Daniel R. de Almeida, Clarence S. Ramos, Sillas D. de Melo, and Amaury Cantilino. "Is double-cone coil more effective than figure-of-eight coil for rTMS over left PFDLC to treatment-resistant depression?" Journal of Affective Disorders Reports 2 (December 2020): 100035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100035.
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Barrera, Marion, Blanca Olmedo, Carolina Zúñiga, Mario Cepeda, Felipe Olivares, Ricardo Vergara, Karla Cordero-Lara, and Humberto Prieto. "Somatic Embryogenesis and Agrobacterium-Mediated Gene Transfer Procedures in Chilean Temperate Japonica Rice Varieties for Precision Breeding." Plants 13, no. 3 (January 31, 2024): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13030416.
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Rice (Oryza sativa) varieties are generated through breeding programs focused on local requirements. In Chile, the southernmost rice producer, rice productivity relies on the use and generation of temperate japonica germplasms, which need to be adapted to the intensifying effects of climate change. Advanced biotechnological tools can contribute to these breeding programs; new technologies associated with precision breeding, including gene editing, rely on procedures such as regeneration and gene transfer. In this study, the local rice varieties Platino, Cuarzo, Esmeralda, and Zafiro were evaluated for somatic embryogenesis potential using a process that involved the combined use of auxins and cytokinins. An auxin-based (2,4-D) general medium (2N6) allowed for the induction of embryogenic masses in all the genotypes. After induction, masses required culturing either in N6R (kinetin; Platino) or N6RN (BAP, kinetin, IBA, and 2,4-D; Cuarzo, Esmeralda, and Zafiro) to yield whole plants using regeneration medium (N6F, no hormone). The sprouting rates indicated Platino as the most responsive genotype; for this reason, this variety was evaluated for gene transfer. Fifteen-day-old embryo masses were assayed for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using the bacterial strain EHA105 harboring pFLC-Myb/HPT/GFP, a modified T-DNA vector harboring a geminivirus-derived replicon. The vector included the green fluorescent protein reporter gene, allowing for continuous traceability. Reporter mRNA was produced as early as 3 d after agroinfiltration, and stable expression of the protein was observed along the complete process. These achievements enable further biotechnological steps in these and other genotypes from our breeding program.
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Thorne, Jacob W., Scott A. Bowdridge, Brenda M. Murdoch, and Reid Redden. "PSV-7 Sire fecal egg count EBV are predictive of offspring response to an artificial gastrointestinal nematode infection in Rambouillet sheep." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.557.
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Abstract Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) pose a significant risk to the health and productivity of Rambouillet sheep, a noted wool and meat producing breed, in the United States. Capturing phenotypic measurements of Rambouillet while infected with GIN is essential for the calculation of estimated breeding values (EBV) as a selection tool to improve host resistance to GIN. Weaned (age= ~120 d.) Rambouillet lambs (n = 75) were each inoculated with 10,000 Haemonchus contortus L3 larvae and placed in a feedlot. Lambs were offspring of two representative sires, A (n = 26) and B (n = 49), with post-weaning fecal egg count EBV (PFEC) from LAMBPLAN, of -9.94 and +9.20%, respectively. Lamb fecal egg count (FEC), packed-cell volume (PCV) and body weight (BWT) measurements were captured at 7-day intervals for 6 subsequent weeks. Actual FEC were loge transformed (lnFEC) to meet normality and then backtransformed least squares means (LSM) are reported. lnFEC, PCV and BWT were analyzed using a mixed model with repeated measures including fixed effects of sex, sire and average daily gain (ADG) classification (for lnFEC and PCV), and sex and sire (for BWT). Significant differences (P = 0.0216) in average lnFEC were observed between offspring from sires A [2242 eggs per gram (epg)] and B (2914 epg). Weekly lnFEC differed (P < 0.0001) and a trend identified between sexes (females = 3414 epg vs males = 2712 epg, P = 0.0909). Interestingly, females exhibited a higher average PCV than males, (34.93% v. 31.15%, P < 0.0001), suggesting potential pathological differences by sex in response to GIN infection. Artificial GIN infections offer a more controlled test than under natural conditions and are a viable option to aid in identifying Rambouillet sheep more resistant to GIN. These results indicate EBV calculated with FEC from a natural GIN infection are predictive of the response of Rambouillet lambs to an artificial infection of H. contortus.
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Furusawa, Koichiro, Toranosuke Nago, Mikito Ueda, and Hisayoshi Matsushima. "Effect of Water Vapor on Hydrogen Isotopes Separation by Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 25 (December 22, 2023): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02251365mtgabs.
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Introduction Hydrogen isotopes are protium (H), deuterium (D) and tritium (T). D and T are important materials not only for fission and fusion reactors, but also for semiconductors since the strong hydrogen termination improves the durability. Various techniques for hydrogen isotope separation have been known for long time, but they have some drawbacks such as low separation efficiency and poor energy consumption. Therefore, new separation and purification methods are required. In polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), wettability is optimized well and small amount of Pt catalyst is used. The configuration is also key issue for the conventional method of water-hydrogen chemical exchange. Therefore, we investigated the effect of water in hydrogen isotope separation by PEFC [1]. Experimental A mixture hydrogen gas of H2 and D2 was supplied to the PFEC. The separation factor for dry and wet gas flow was measured, respectively. Hydrogen gas and water vapor from PEFC were analyzed by quadrupole mass spectrometry (Q-mass) and Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR), respectively. The separation factor and mass balance were calculated. Results and discussion When no electricity was generated, FTIR results showed that D was enriched in water vapor. This is explained by a gas-phase chemical exchange reaction occurring on a platinum catalyst. When the PEFC was operated, the electrochemical reaction promoted the D separation. A large amount of D (about 45%) was transferred to water vapor during power generation. The separation factor was approximately 1.7, while it was approximately 1.3 for no generation. The present results suggested that gas-phase chemical exchange and the cell reaction had a synergistic effect on D separation. References [1] K. Furusawa et al., Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 47, 36248-36253 (2022).
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Kumar, Arun, Brijesh Kumar Tiwari, and Sokindra Kumar. "EVALUATION OF OCULAR FILMS OF OFLOXACIN FOR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, no. 6 (November 22, 2018): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i6.27188.
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Objective: The current study emphasizes on the treatment of ocular infection with objectives of reducing the frequency of administration, obtaining controlled release and greater therapeutic efficacy of the drug (ofloxacin) using ocular films.Methods: Ocular films were designed by solvent evaporation method containing a different combination of polymers. The folding endurance (mechanical strength) was determined by the number of folds at a specific single place required to break the film into two parts. Thickness was measured using screw gauze. The surface pH was done by pH paper. The percentage moisture absorption was carried out by placing the ocular films in a desiccator containing ammonium chloride. Percentage moisture loss was carried out by placing the ocular films in the desiccator containing anhydrous calcium chloride. in vitro drug release study were carried by using a modified version of franz diffusion cell. Stability study were carried using stability chambers as per ICH guidelines. The antibacterial activity was performed by using male albino rabbits.Results: The thickness and folding endurance of the films were in the range of 44±1.1 to 92±1.8 and 4.5±0.6 to 6.8±0.3, respectively for different formulations. Surface pH was evaluated in the range of 6.6 to 7.2. Percentage moisture absorption and percentage moisture loss were evaluated in the range of 1.17±1.1 to 6.72±1.5 and 0.58±0.9 to 1.23±0.9 respectively. Microbial growth was not observed in any formulation during sterility testing. The drug release for different batch codes PAH, PBE, PCP, PDC, PEEH, and PFEC was found to be 96.2, 56.9, 93.4, 94.5, 98.4 and 95.9 % respectively up to 12 h. Ocular films of batch code PEEH was optimized for maximum drug release (98.4%). The antibacterial effect was noted periodically (01 to 05 d) after administration of sterile formulation in the treated eyes vs. control eyes of each rabbit. The optimized batch PEEH of ocular films reduced the infection and redness completely within 3 d in a single dose.Conclusion: The optimized formulation would be able to offer benefits such as increased residence time, prolonged drug release, reduced frequency of administration and improved patient compliance with complete removal of inflammation and redness from the cul-de-sac.
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Inoue, Gen, Agnesia Permatasari, Yuki Saito, Magnus So, and Okamura Kaisei. "Microscale Simulation of Carbon Support Structure Degradation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 37 (December 22, 2023): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02371779mtgabs.
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Understanding the mechanism of Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) degradation plays an important role in improving fuel cell performance and durability. For the PEFC system, the structure of catalyst layers (CLs) is the critical component that determines cell performance. The PEFC degradation due to the reduction of carbon on the CLs has been investigated in previous studies [1]. In our past studies, we focused on the actual heterogeneous porous structure of catalyst layer. From these results, it was found that mass transport performance of oxygen and proton in heterogeneous porous catalyst layer, which consists of carbon support, ionomer and void space, is much lower than that of theoretical prediction in homogeneous porous media [2-5]. In addition, it depends on the structure of carbon black, the coating structure of ionomer and the local distribution of these materials. Thus, it is important to understand and to predict the carbon support structure change by degradation because this structural degradation strongly affect the mass transport performance. In this work, the effect of CLs porous carbon support degradation on cell performance is investigated by microscale simulation. The CLs structures, consisting of porous carbon, ionomer, and Pt, are created by our previous study multi-block method [2,6]. In our simulation, we focus on studying the effect of CLs' beginning-of-life (BOL) and end-of-life (EOL) structure in the degradation process. The CLs creation procedure is illustrated in Fig. 1. Firstly, CLs structure are created by packing CB and covered ionomer and Pt. The amount of ionomer and Pt are assumed as constant during the degradation process. Therefore, the amount of carbon is reduced in EOL structure. In this study, various CLs structures with decreasing of carbon volume are constructed. Furthermore, the mechanical stress distribution under compression condition was simulated in each structure to understand the effect of framework of carbon on local porosity in catalyst layer. The effect of carbon corrosion in CLs is investigated by calculating the cell performance of PEFC of each CLs structure by ORR mass transport and electrochemical reaction calculation with our previous method [6]. The cell performance is significantly decreased by reducing carbon. The degradation mechanism of PFEC is explained by degradation of not only effective surface area but also the porous structure change which affect oxygen diffusion performance. Moreover, compared with BOL structure the apparant thickness of covered ionomer layer is higher in EOL structures because of carbon corrosion and constancy of ionomer. Hence, the higher oxygen diffusion resistance in secondary pore and ionomer layer occur in CLs degradation structures. The effect of this dynamic structure change on cell output performance will be reported in this presentation. Acknowledgements: This research was supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Japan, grant number P20003-20001327-0. References: [1] C. Wang et al., J. Electrochem. Soc.2021,168, 44507 [2] G. Inoue et al., J. Power Sources 2019 439, 227060 [3] K. Park et al., J. Power Sources Advances, 2022, 15,100096 [4] M. So et al., J. Electrochemical Society, 2020, 167 (1), 013544 [5] M. So et al., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44, 28984 [6] G Inoue et al., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2022, 47 (25), 12665 Figure 1
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Depasquale, C., S. Cunningham, A. Boyter, S. A. Jacob, A. Power, J. Portlock, and B. Addison. "Interprofessional education during experiential learning placements for student pharmacists in Scotland. Exploring current support provision and stakeholder views." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_2 (November 30, 2022): ii16—ii17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac089.018.
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Abstract Introduction Increasing global awareness that interprofessional team working is essential within modern healthcare systems has led to regulatory bodies mandating the inclusion of interprofessional education (IPE) within undergraduate curricula. The General Pharmaceutical Council specifies in the 2021 initial education and training standards the requirement for an interprofessional learning plan in which “IPE must mirror practice”.1 Pharmacy educators are intensifying their efforts to ensure student pharmacists are presented with opportunities to develop collaborative competencies. Curricular development and implementation initiatives must explore structures and processes to ensure that experiential learning (EL) environments are conducive to supporting student pharmacists’ interprofessional learning. Aim To explore structures and processes needed to support effective planned and unplanned IPE during EL placements for student pharmacists. Methods A mixed methods approach underpinned by the Biggs 3P theoretical framework was adopted.2 This included (1) A document analysis reviewing resources including student pharmacist/EL facilitator university handbooks and NHS Education for Scotland Preparation for Facilitating Experiential Learning (PFEL) training - a mandatory requirement for all EL facilitators hosting student pharmacists on placement in Scotland. (2) A pre-piloted online survey distributed to EL facilitators. Survey development, guided by the Interprofessional Facilitation Scale, aimed to encourage EL facilitators to self-evaluate their own IPE facilitation skills.3 The final survey tool included ten items with responses rated on a 4-point Likert scale (Poor, Fair, Good and Excellent) and a demographic section (3) Online semi-structured focus groups/dyadic interviews conducted with six EL facilitators, four practice educators and two academic staff were recorded and transcribed. Descriptive statistics were employed for quantitative data generated from the survey tool; for qualitative data content analysis was applied to develop emerging themes. Ethical approval was granted (S292) from the School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Ethics Review Committee at Robert Gordon University. Results (1) The document analysis concluded that although the resources reviewed could not be specifically classed as training to support IPE, data collected provided context to EL placements and the training and pre-activities that student pharmacists and EL facilitators complete. Three main themes emerged: “Lack of specific IPE training focus”, “Varied terminology”, “Lack of IPE pre-learning activities”. (2) The survey was completed by ninety EL facilitators working in various practice settings: hospital 41.1% (n=37); primary care 25.6% (n=23); community 21.1% (n=19); academia 2.2% (n=2); other 8.9% (n=8). Survey responses indicated that 51.1% (n=46) and 42.2% (n=38) of respondents rated their ability to role model positive interactions with other healthcare professionals as good and excellent. However, responses to items relating more specifically to IPE facilitation skills indicated a lower confidence level. (3) Initial themes emerging from focus groups/dyadic interviews include “Profession-related perceptions of IPE”, “Factors influencing IPE delivery and student learning”, “Factors influencing future developments”. Discussion/Conclusion This exploratory study has provided valuable insight into multifactorial aspects affecting IPE during EL placements; this will be used to guide future development of IPE initiatives. One limitation is that student pharmacists were not included in this study; the next phase of this research programme will explore student pharmacists’ perceptions of IPE in EL. References 1. General Pharmaceutical Council. Standards for the initial education and training of pharmacists. [homepage on the Internet]. London: GPhC; 2021. Available from: https://www.pharmacyregulation.org/sites/default/files/document/standards-for-the-initial-education-and-training-of-pharmacists-january-2021.pdf 2. Biggs, J.B. From Theory to Practice: A Cognitive Systems Approach. High Educ Res Dev, 1993, 12(1), 73-85 3. Sargeant J., Hill T., Breau L. Development and testing of a scale to assess interprofessional education (IPE) facilitation skills. J Cont Educ Health Prof, 2010, 30(2), 126-131
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Moussaoui, Dihia, James P. Robblee, Daniel Auguin, Elena B. Krementsova, Silvia Haase, Thomas CA Blake, Jake Baum, Julien Robert-Paganin, Kathleen M. Trybus, and Anne Houdusse. "Full-length Plasmodium falciparum myosin A and essential light chain PfELC structures provide new anti-malarial targets." eLife 9 (October 13, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.60581.
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Parasites from the genus Plasmodium are the causative agents of malaria. The mobility, infectivity, and ultimately pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum rely on a macromolecular complex, called the glideosome. At the core of the glideosome is an essential and divergent Myosin A motor (PfMyoA), a first order drug target against malaria. Here, we present the full-length structure of PfMyoA in two states of its motor cycle. We report novel interactions that are essential for motor priming and the mode of recognition of its two light chains (PfELC and MTIP) by two degenerate IQ motifs. Kinetic and motility assays using PfMyoA variants, along with molecular dynamics, demonstrate how specific priming and atypical sequence adaptations tune the motor’s mechano-chemical properties. Supported by evidence for an essential role of the PfELC in malaria pathogenesis, these structures provide a blueprint for the design of future anti-malarials targeting both the glideosome motor and its regulatory elements.
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Fierro, Manuel A., Beejan Asady, Carrie F. Brooks, David W. Cobb, Alejandra Villegas, Silvia N. J. Moreno, and Vasant Muralidharan. "An Endoplasmic Reticulum CREC Family Protein Regulates the Egress Proteolytic Cascade in Malaria Parasites." mBio 11, no. 1 (February 25, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.03078-19.
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ABSTRACT The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is thought to play an essential role during egress of malaria parasites because the ER is assumed to be required for biogenesis and secretion of egress-related organelles. However, no proteins localized to the parasite ER have been shown to play a role in egress of malaria parasites. In this study, we generated conditional mutants of the Plasmodium falciparum endoplasmic reticulum-resident calcium-binding protein (PfERC), a member of the CREC family. Knockdown of the PfERC gene showed that this gene is essential for asexual growth of P. falciparum. Analysis of the intraerythrocytic life cycle revealed that PfERC is essential for parasite egress but is not required for protein trafficking or calcium storage. We found that PfERC knockdown prevents the rupture of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. This is because PfERC knockdown inhibited the proteolytic maturation of the subtilisin-like serine protease SUB1. Using double mutant parasites, we showed that PfERC is required for the proteolytic maturation of the essential aspartic protease plasmepsin X, which is required for SUB1 cleavage. Further, we showed that processing of substrates downstream of the proteolytic cascade is inhibited by PfERC knockdown. Thus, these data establish that the ER-resident CREC family protein PfERC is a key early regulator of the egress proteolytic cascade of malaria parasites. IMPORTANCE The divergent eukaryotic parasites that cause malaria grow and divide within a vacuole inside a host cell, which they have to break open once they finish cell division. The egress of daughter parasites requires the activation of a proteolytic cascade, and a subtilisin-like protease initiates a proteolytic cascade to break down the membranes blocking egress. It is assumed that the parasite endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in this process, but the proteins in this organelle required for egress remain unknown. We have identified an early ER-resident regulator essential for the maturation of the recently discovered aspartic protease in the egress proteolytic cascade, plasmepsin X, which is required for maturation of the subtilisin-like protease. Conditional loss of PfERC results in the formation of immature and inactive egress proteases that are unable to breakdown the vacuolar membrane barring release of daughter parasites.
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Churko, Anna, Maria Khrabrova, Vasiliy Sipovskii, and Alexei Smirnov. "P0313POLYCLONAL FREE LIGHT CHAINS IN IGA-NEPHROPATHY: CORRELATION WITH CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 35, Supplement_3 (June 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0313.
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Abstract Background and Aims Mechanisms of kidney injury by monoclonal free light chains in myeloma kidney are well established. The role polyclonal free light chains (pFLC) in pathogenesis of renal interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in primary glomerulonephritis is still poorly investigated. We hypothesize that increased level of pFLC could have the similar role in activation of interstitial inflammation and fibrosis formation and impact chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in the most prevalent form of chronic glomerulonephritis - IgA-nephropathy (IgAN). The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the association of pFLC kappa (pFLC-κ) and lambda (pFLC-λ) assessed in serum by Freelite® with clinical and morphological parameters and CKD progression in IgA-nephropathy cohort. Method In this study we enrolled 23 patients with biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of IgAN. pFLC-κ and pFLC-λ levels were assessed in all cases at the time of kidney biopsy (KBx) by Freelite method. Normal range for pFLC-κ and pFLC-λ was 3,3-19,4 mg/l and 5,7-26,3 mg/l, respectively. The following clinical parameters were evaluated at the time of KBx: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by CKD-EPI, daily proteinuria, serum albumin and microhematuria. Morphological findings were investigated by light and immunofluorescence (IgA, IgM, IgG, C3, C1, lambda, kappa, fibrinogen) microscopy. Oxford MEST-C score was evaluated as well as % of sclerotic glomeruli. Additionally we semiquantitatively measured (0- absent, 1- mild, 2 – moderate, 3 - severe) mesangial proliferation, endocapillary proliferation, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening, interstitial inflammation, interstitial edema, tubular atrophy (TA), peritubular capillaritis (PTC), interstitial fibrosis (IF) according to currently accepted criteria. The demographic, clinical and morphological parameters at the time of KBx are presented in Table 1. Patients were treated with nephroprotective agents (n=23) and steroids/cyclophosphamide (n=21). Correlation between parameters were assessed by Spearman’s coefficient. Progression of CKD was determined as decline of eGFR >25% from the initial level at the end of follow-up period. Prognostic analysis was performed with Cox proportional hazards regression. Median follow-up was 28 (7; 37) months. Results Correlations between clinical and morphological parameters and pFLC levels are presented in Table 2. Univariate Cox regression analysis has shown that pFLC-κ (Exp(β)=1,051; 95% CI: 1,001-1,104, p=0,045) and FLC- λ (Exp(β)=1,040; 95% CI: 1,001-1,081, p=0,044) as well as other well-known clinical (daily proteinuria (Exp(β)=1,177; 95% CI: 1,003-1,382, p=0,045), eGFR at the KBx time (Exp(β)=2,981; 95% CI:1,112-20,124, p=0,042)) and morphological parameters (% of sclerotic glomeruli (Exp(β)=1,031; 95% CI: 1,001-1,062, p=0,046), T-score (Expβ=10,784; 95% СI: 1,364-85,246, p=0,024) are associated with CKD progression. Conclusion In IgAN higher levels of pFLC, both kappa and lambda, are associated with renal interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, tubular atrophy and chronic glomerular injury and could be used as predictors of CKD progression. Mechanisms of pFLC effects on the formation of renal tubular and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis require further studies.
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Churko, Anna, Maria Khrabrova, Alexei Smirnov, Vassili Sipovski, and Iraida Panina. "MO307POLYCLONAL FREE LIGHT CHAINS AS A PREDICTOR OF CKD PROGRESSION IN NONPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULOPATHIES." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 36, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfab104.0065.
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Abstract Background and Aims The mechanism of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of kidney tubular cells leading to kidney fibrosis formation and CKD progression is well described for monoclonal free light chains (FLC) in patients with monoclonal gammopathies. As far as the interaction of FLC with megalin/cubulin receptors on proximal tubular epithelial cells is considered to be universal we hypothesize that polyclonal free light chains (pFLC) could have the same effect on tubulointerstitial compartment in patients with primary glomerulopathies. This retrospective study was performed to reveal the association of serum pFLC kappa (pFLC-κ) and lambda (pFLC-λ) assessed by Freelite® with clinical and morphological parameters and CKD progression in patients with nonproliferative glomerulopathies. Method 36 patients with morphologically proven diagnosis of nonproliferative glomerulopathies (minimal changed disease (n=11), membranous nephropathy (n=11) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (n=14)) were included. Serum levels of pFLC-κ and pFLC-λ were assessed by Freelite® (normal ranges: κ=3.3-19.4 mg/l; λ=5.7-26.3 mg/l; κ/λ ratio=0.26-1.65) at the time of kidney biopsy (KBx) in all cases. Patients with abnormal κ/λ-ratio due to monoclonal gammapathies were excluded. Apart demographical parameters, serum creatinine, estimated GFR (eGFR) by CKD-EPI, serum albumin and 24-hour proteinuria were measured. Morphological findings defined by light microscopy were measured semiquantitatively according to currently accepted criteria (0 - <10%, 1 - 10-25%, 2 – 26-50%, 3 - >50% of tissue involved). Data are presented as median and interquartile range (M (25%; 75%)) and mean and the standard error of mean (m±SEM) for semiquantitative parameters or %. Correlation between parameters was assessed by Spearman’s coefficient. Progression of CKD was determined as decline of eGFR >15% from the initial level at the end of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the association of pFLC and other parameters with CKD progression. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. Median follow-up was 11 (1; 53) months. Results Demographic and clinical parameters at the time of KBx are shown in the Figure 1. Clinical and morphological parameters as well as correlation analysis data are presented in the Figure 2. Univariant Cox regression shows that pFLC-λ >N (Exp(β)=5.120; 95% CI: 1.011-25.924, p<0.05), both pFLC-κ and pFLC-λ >N (Exp(β)=6.646; 95% CI: 1.327-33.287, p=0.02), κ/λ ratio (Exp(β)=4.656; 95% CI: 1.411-15.362, p=0.01), as well as percent of sclerotic glomeruli (Exp(β)=1.039; 95% CI: 1.006-1.073, p=0.01), glomerular basement membrane segmental thickening (Exp(β)=3.129; 95% CI: 1.213-8.071, p<0.01), mesangial proliferation (Exp(β)=5.177; 95% CI: 1.146- 23.396, p=0.03), interstitial cell infiltration (Exp(β)=3.777; 95% CI: 1.258-11.340, p=0.02) and peritubular capillaritis (Exp(β)=5.177; 95% CI: 1.146- 23.396, p=0.03) were associated with CKD progression. Conclusion In nonproliferative glomerulopathies increased level of pFLC, either kappa or lambda, is associated with glomerular lesion, interstitial inflammation, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, elevated levels of pFLC could be proposed as a predictor of CKD progression in studied patient cohort. The mechanisms of kidney injury by pFLC requires further investigation.
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Notter, David R., Marzieh Heidaritabar, Joan M. Burke, Masoud Shirali, Brenda M. Murdoch, James L. M. Morgan, Gota Morota, et al. "Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Effects on Lamb Fecal Egg Count Estimated Breeding Values in Progeny-Tested Katahdin Sires." Frontiers in Genetics 13 (May 3, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.866176.
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Estimated breeding values (EBV) for fecal egg counts (FEC) at 42–90 days of age (WFEC) and 91–150 days of age (PFEC) for 84 progeny-tested Katahdin sires were used to identify associations of deregressed EBV with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) using 388,000 SNP with minor-allele frequencies ≥0.10 on an Illumina high-density ovine array. Associations between markers and FEC EBV were initially quantified by single-SNP linear regression. Effects of linkage disequilibrium (LD) were minimized by assigning SNP to 2,535 consecutive 1-Mb bins and focusing on the effect of the most significant SNP in each bin. Bonferroni correction was used to define bin-based (BB) genome- and chromosome-wide significance. Six bins on chromosome 5 achieved BB genome-wide significance for PFEC EBV, and three of those SNP achieved chromosome-wide significance after Bonferroni correction based on the 14,530 total SNP on chromosome 5. These bins were nested within 12 consecutive bins between 59 and 71 Mb on chromosome 5 that reached BB chromosome-wide significance. The largest SNP effects were at 63, 67, and 70 Mb, with LD among these SNP of r2 ≤ 0.2. Regional heritability mapping (RHM) was then used to evaluate the ability of different genomic regions to account for additive variance in FEC EBV. Chromosome-level RHM indicated that one 500-SNP window between 65.9 and 69.9 Mb accounted for significant variation in PFEC EBV. Five additional 500-SNP windows between 59.3 and 71.6 Mb reached suggestive (p < 0.10) significance for PFEC EBV. Although previous studies rarely identified markers for parasite resistance on chromosome 5, the IL12B gene at 68.5 Mb codes for the p40 subunit of both interleukins 12 and 23. Other immunoregulatory genes are also located in this region of chromosome 5, providing opportunity for additive or associative effects.
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"PFECC: a precise feedback-based explicit congestion control algorithm in Named Data Networking." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/elk-2005-146.
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Krishna, Ajay, and Thiagrajan Pandian. "CASE SERIES -A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF SUBTROCHANTERIC FEMORAL FRACTURES TREATED WITH PROXIMAL FEMORAL LOCKING COMPRESSION PLATE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, October 1, 2020, 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/7125195.
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Background and objective: Subtrochanteric fracture of femur and its complications account for significant morbidity and mortality especially in elderly.Proximal femoral locking compression plate helps in early Range of movements of the patient. Materials and Methods This study was done in SREE BALAJI MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, CHROMEPETfrom August 2018 to May 2020.During this period 25 cases of adult patients with subtrochanteric fractures were treated with proximal femoral locking compression plate(PFLC). The classification used here was according to Seinsheimers and functional outcome was assessed using Traumatic hip rating score. Results: In our study of 25 patients 65% of them(16 patients) showed excellent results,30%(8 patients) showed good results,5%(1 patient)showed poor result due to Infection. Conclusion: Proximal femoral LCP is a good method for Subtrochanteric femur fractures in the elderly patients especially for severely communited fracture and with osteoporosis. Proximal femoral LCP gives the advantage of flexibility to surgeon to achieve angular stability or axial compression with plate to bone apposition.
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Đăng Quang, Trần, and Vũ Tuấn Anh. "KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT ĐIỀU TRỊ BONG VÕNG MẠC CO KÉO DO ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG CÓ SỬ DỤNG PFCL." Tạp chí Y học Việt Nam 508, no. 1 (January 5, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.51298/vmj.v508i1.1547.
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Mục tiêu: đánh giá kết quả phẫu thuật điều trị bong võng mạc co kéo do đái tháo đường (ĐTĐ) có sử dụng dung dịch Perfluorocarbon (PFCL). Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: nghiên cứu can thiệp lâm sàng không đối chứngtrên 21 bệnh nhân (21 mắt) bị bong võng mạc co kéo do ĐTĐ. Kết quả: tại thời điểm 3 tháng sau phẫu thuật, tỷ lệ võng mạc áp là95,2% (20/21 ca) thị lực cải thiện so với trước mổ có ý nghĩa thống kê p<0,001; các biến chứng gặp sau mổ là: tăng nhãn áp sau 2 ngày 2 ca, xuất huyết dịch kính: 2ca, 1 ca xuất hiện màng trước võng mạc. Có sự khác biệt về kết quả phục hồi về giải phẫu và chức năng giữa nhóm bong qua hoàng điểm và chưa qua hoàng điểm. Kết luận: phẫu thuật cắt dịch kính điều trị bong võng mạc co kéo do ĐTĐ có sử dụng PFLC giải phóng mù lòa và khắc phục được biến chứng giai đoạn cuối, nhằm cứu vãn thị lực dù còn thấp cho bệnh nhân ĐTĐ biến chứng
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Sanner, Jordyn, Callie Lovejoy, Kiera Robinson, Elizabeth Olah, and Jamie L. Sanford. "GENERATION OF A CASK‐GFP TRANSGENIC FLY LINE." FASEB Journal 31, S1 (April 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.931.5.
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Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) belongs to the membrane‐associated guanylate kinases (MAGUK) protein family. The protein contains the classic MAGUK domains including a single PDZ, SH3 and guanylate kinase domain. CASK is unique among MAGUK family members in that it also contains an N‐terminal CamK‐like domain. Overall, the CASK protein has been most intensively studied in the central nervous system, where studies in Drosophila have shown that CASK plays an integral role in the formation of learning memory. Interestingly, Drosophila CASK is also highly expressed in ovaries and is implicated in the process of border cell migration in Drosophila oogenesis. There are two known classes of CASK isoforms in Drosophila, CASK‐alpha isoforms and CASK‐beta isoforms. CASK‐alpha isoforms encode transcripts that yield a version of the CASK protein lacking the N‐terminal CamK‐like domain. CASK‐beta isoforms encode transcripts that yield a CASK protein that possesses the full complement of canonical MAGUK domains and the CamK‐like domain. Currently, it is unknown how these two classes of isoforms contribute to border cell migration in Drosophila ovaries. In order to begin to delineate CASK's functional role in Drosophila ovaries the current study aims to clone the CASK‐RA isoform (a CASK‐alpha isoform) and CASK‐RB isoform (a CASK‐beta isoform) for generation of UAS‐CASK‐A‐GFP and UAS‐CASK‐B‐GFP transgenic fly lines. Primers were designed using MacVector software to clone the CASK‐A and CASK‐B transcripts. In order to clone the CASK‐A transcript RNA was isolated from Drosophila ovaries and subjected to cDNA synthesis with the Invitrogen Superscript IV cDNA synthesis kit. Attempts to amplify the CASK‐A open reading frame using the generated cDNA were unsuccessful. The CASK‐B open reading frame was available in a pFlc plasmid and PCR conducted on mini‐prepped pFlc‐CASK‐B plasmid with the CASK‐B primers yielded a product of the expected 2697 base pair size. Modified CASK‐B primers were designed such that the CASK‐B forward primer contained a CACC sequence for cloning into a pENTR‐TOPO cloning vector (CASK‐A TOPO forward primer). A modified CASK‐B reverse primer lacking the stop codon sequence was also designed (CASK‐B reverse no stop). Subsequent PCR conducted with CASK‐A TOPO forward primer and CASK‐A reverse or CASK‐A reverse no stop primers were successful and yielded the expected amplicons. The full length CASK‐B open reading frame was confirmed in both products via Sanger sequencing. Future work will focus on the cloning of the CASK‐B products into the pENTR‐TOPO vector and use of a Gateway cloning reaction to transfer the CASK‐B open reading frames into UAS‐GFP vectors that will produce transgenic constructs with either an N‐terminal or C‐terminal GFP tag. Work on CASK‐A cloning will continue via standard cloning attempts. The CASK‐GFP fly lines will serve to provide a platform for characterization of CASK protein localization and determination of CASK binding partners in vivo in Drosophila ovaries. Moreover, determination of CASK protein function in Drosophila ovaries will provide insight into CASK's mechanistic contribution to border cell migration, a model of collective cell migration that serves to provide biological insight into the molecular pathways that govern processes such as wound healing and tumor cell metastasis.
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Churko, Anna, and Aleksander Rumyantsev. "#2167 Polyclonal immunoglobulin free light chains: an evidence of cardiac remodeling in patients with glomerular diseases." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 39, Supplement_1 (May 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfae069.1255.
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Abstract Background and Aims It was previously shown, that polyclonal immunoglobulin free light chains (FLC) are the independent predictor of mortality in patients with decompensated heart failure, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and also in general population. Mechanisms of this phenomenon are still unknown. The aim of our study is to reveal the possible relationships between FLC and cardiac remodeling in patients with glomerular diseases. Method We included 97 patients with biopsy-proven diagnosis of different immune-mediated glomerular diseases, 53% were men, mean age was 48 ± 14.6 years. Serum Freelite FLC levels were measured as well as standard clinical and laboratory investigation. At the time of biopsy transthoracic echocardiography was also performed. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated by “2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine” equation. Results Median of eGFR was 46.8 ml/min/1.73 m² (28.7-80.0), FLC-kappa level was 27.4 mg/l (16.8- 48.4), FLC-lambda level was 28.2 mg/l (20.8-43.3). FLC-kappa levels were above reference range in 65%, FLC-lambda levels – in 54%. LV diastolic dysfunction (DD) was present in 68%. Comparison in groups showed that the elevation of FLC-kappa more than 19.4 mg/l was associated with bigger LV mass index (LVMI) – 138.3 ± 30.2 g/m² vs 99.9 ± 31.2 g/m² р = 0.022, the parallel correlation was found between LVMI and levels of FLC-lambda higher than 26.3 mg/l (136.2 ± 64.8 g/m² vs 104.0 ± 36.6 g/m², р = 0.023). Spearman analysis has shown statistically significant correlations between FLC levels and E/e’- Rs = 0.501 p = 0.0001 for FLC-kappa, Rs = 0.343 p = 0.012 for FLC-lambda. Combined FLC level higher than 52.9 mg/l was a significant predictor of DD with area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.703 (sensitivity 76.5%, specificity 62.5%). Conclusion Elevation of serum pFLC level could be a promising marker of cardiac remodeling, especially, of DD in patients with glomerular diseases. Possible pathogenic role of FLC in cardiorenal relationships may be revealed in further studies.