Relevant bibliographies by topics / PFAS toxicity

Academic literature on the topic 'PFAS toxicity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'PFAS toxicity.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "PFAS toxicity"

1

Seo, Sung-Hee. "Health risk of Human Exposure to Perfluorinated Compounds (PFASs) in Hyeongsan River, Pohang." Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology 25, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.25.3.77.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to assess human health risks of exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) by ingestion of water from the Hyeongsan River in Pohang. Ingestion primarily acquired PFBS, PFNA, PFOS, and PFOA, but PFAAs rather than its precursors. Human exposure to PFASs was affected by the physicochemical properties of compounds, the emission sources, and the flow rate. The upstream and midstream waters were influenced by PFCAs due to the domestic sewage, whereas the downstream water contained high levels of PFBS and PFOS due to the presence of an industrial complex. Exposure levels decreased in the midstream; this result suggests a dilution effect due to the increasing flow rate. Exposure levels to PFBS were high exposure because they have a low octanol–water partition coefficient and high aqueous solubility. PFOS at the industrial complex exceeded the WHO allowable level; this result suggests that ingestion may cause non-carcinogenic toxicity. To our knowledge, this is the first assessment of the risk of PFAS ingestion in Pohang. The result will provide a useful reference for future regulations and policies to manage PFAS sources, purify river water, and prevent human exposure.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Seo, Sung-Hee. "Risk Assessment of Inhalation Exposure to Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Industrial, Urban-residential and Rural Areas Near Hyeongsan River, Pohang." Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.25.2.51.

Full text
Abstract:
The goal of this study was to evaluate human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the air near the Hyeongsan River in Pohang, and to quantify associated health risks. The daily intake of PFOS was the highest, and those of PFBS, PFHxA, PFUnDA, and PFOA were also high. Humans were exposed more to ionic PFASs than to neutral PFASs. The exposure level of PFASs increased from upstream to downstream; this trend suggests that emission sources exist downstream. For the gaseous phase, the exposure level was highest to PFBS, which have the shortest carbon-chain length, whereas for the particulate phase, exposure was highest to PFOS. The exposure and distribution of PFAS congeners differed among sites and phases, which means that humans are exposed differently depending on the PFASs emitted from the emission source at each site, and on the physicochemical properties of PFASs. Inhalation exposure to PFASs was below the PFAS intake safety threshold, and the toxicity was also lower than the level allowed by WHO. However, health risks from long-term exposure to PFASs are of concern, and combining exposure by various routes may have a significant health effect. Therefore, continuous monitoring and risk assessment are required.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Rowan-Carroll, Andrea, Anthony Reardon, Karen Leingartner, Remi Gagné, Andrew Williams, Matthew J. Meier, Byron Kuo, et al. "High-Throughput Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Primary Hepatocyte Spheroids Exposed to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances as a Platform for Relative Potency Characterization." Toxicological Sciences 181, no. 2 (March 27, 2021): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfab039.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely found in the environment because of their extensive use and persistence. Although several PFAS are well studied, most lack toxicity data to inform human health hazard and risk assessment. This study focused on 4 model PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; 8 carbon), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS; 4 carbon), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; 8 carbon), and perfluorodecane sulfonate (PFDS; 10 carbon). Human primary liver cell spheroids (pooled from 10 donors) were exposed to 10 concentrations of each PFAS and analyzed at 4 time points. The approach aimed to: (1) identify gene expression changes mediated by the PFAS, (2) identify similarities in biological responses, (3) compare PFAS potency through benchmark concentration analysis, and (4) derive bioactivity exposure ratios (ratio of the concentration at which biological responses occur, relative to daily human exposure). All PFAS induced transcriptional changes in cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid metabolism pathways, and predicted PPARα activation. PFOS exhibited the most transcriptional activity and had a highly similar gene expression profile to PFDS. PFBS induced the least transcriptional changes and the highest benchmark concentration (ie, was the least potent). The data indicate that these PFAS may have common molecular targets and toxicities, but that PFOS and PFDS are the most similar. The transcriptomic bioactivity exposure ratios derived here for PFOA and PFOS were comparable to those derived using rodent apical endpoints in risk assessments. These data provide a baseline level of toxicity for comparison with other known PFAS using this testing strategy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Fey, Megan E., Philip E. Goodrum, N. Roxanna Razavi, Christopher M. Whipps, Sujan Fernando, and Janet K. Anderson. "Is Mixtures’ Additivity Supported by Empirical Data? A Case Study of Developmental Toxicity of PFOS and 6:2 FTS in Wildtype Zebrafish Embryos." Toxics 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10080418.

Full text
Abstract:
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a major priority for many federal and state regulatory agencies charged with monitoring levels of emerging contaminants in environmental media and setting health-protective benchmarks to guide risk assessments. While screening levels and toxicity reference values have been developed for numerous individual PFAS compounds, there remain important data gaps regarding the mode of action for toxicity of PFAS mixtures. The present study aims to contribute whole-mixture toxicity data and advance the methods for evaluating mixtures of two key components of aqueous film-forming foams: perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS). Wildtype (AB) zebrafish embryos were exposed to PFOS and 6:2 FTS, both as individual components and as binary mixtures, from 2 to 122 h post-fertilization. Five treatment levels were selected to encompass environmentally relevant exposure levels. Experimental endpoints consisted of mortality, hatching, and developmental endpoints, including swim bladder inflation, yolk sac area, and larval body length. Results from dose–response analysis indicate that the assumption of additivity using conventional points of departure (e.g., NOAEL, LOAEL) is not supported for critical effect endpoints with these PFAS mixtures, and that the interactions vary as a function of the dose range. Alternative methods for quantifying relative potency are proposed, and recommendations for additional investigations are provided to further advance assessments of the toxicity of PFAS mixtures to aquatic organisms.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Ma, Tingting, Chaoran Ye, Tiantian Wang, Xiuhua Li, and Yongming Luo. "Toxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to Aquatic Invertebrates, Planktons, and Microorganisms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 16729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416729.

Full text
Abstract:
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), recognized worldwide as emerging pollutants, may pose a substantial threat to human health and our environment due to their stability, high concentrations, wide distribution, and easy accumulation. Ever since perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid were recognized by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, the public has become increasingly concerned about potential contamination and the environmental risks associated with PFASs. Ubiquitous PFAS contamination of drinking water, groundwater, surface water, and sediment has been detected, especially in areas with rapid industrial and economic development. Its accumulation in living organisms and foods has accentuated the importance of investigations into aquatic organisms at the bottom of the food chain, as the stability and integrity of the food web as well as the population quantity and structure of the aquatic ecosystem may be affected. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the toxic and toxicity-related effects of PFASs on aquatic plankton, aquatic invertebrates and microorganisms, the characteristics of different target aquatic organisms in toxicity investigations, and a feasibility evaluation of PFAS substitutes to provide valuable suggestions for further utilization and regulation of PFASs and their substitutes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Renfrew, Daniel, and Thomas W. Pearson. "The Social Life of the “Forever Chemical”." Environment and Society 12, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 146–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ares.2021.120109.

Full text
Abstract:
This article examines the social life of PFAS contamination (a class of several thousand synthetic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and maps the growing research in the social sciences on the unique conundrums and complex travels of the “forever chemical.” We explore social, political, and cultural dimensions of PFAS toxicity, especially how PFAS move from unseen sites into individual bodies and into the public eye in late industrial contexts; how toxicity is comprehended, experienced, and imagined; the factors shaping regulatory action and ignorance; and how PFAS have been the subject of competing forms of knowledge production. Lastly, we highlight how people mobilize collectively, or become demobilized, in response to PFAS pollution/ toxicity. We argue that PFAS exposure experiences, perceptions, and responses move dynamically through a “toxicity continuum” spanning invisibility, suffering, resignation, and refusal. We off er the concept of the “toxic event” as a way to make sense of the contexts and conditions by which otherwise invisible pollution/toxicity turns into public, mass-mediated, and political episodes. We ground our review in our ongoing multisited ethnographic research on the PFAS exposure experience.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Grandjean, P. "Epidemiological approaches to PFAS toxicity." Toxicology Letters 350 (September 2021): S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00377-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Parolini, Marco, Beatrice De Felice, Marianna Rusconi, Michelangelo Morganti, Stefano Polesello, and Sara Valsecchi. "A review of the bioaccumulation and adverse effects of PFAS in free-living organisms from contaminated sites nearby fluorochemical production plants." Water Emerging Contaminants & Nanoplastics 1, no. 4 (2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/wecn.2022.15.

Full text
Abstract:
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) encompass a large, heterogeneous group of chemicals of potential concern to human and environmental health. Based on information for some legacy PFAS, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate, there is an increasing awareness that they can represent a serious environmental risk. Although the environmental occurrence and fate of some legacy PFAS and their toxicity under controlled laboratory conditions have been investigated, to date, there is a dearth of information on the exposure and potential adverse effects of these compounds towards free-living organisms. The present review summarizes the findings of field studies investigating the accumulation and adverse effects induced by the exposure to environmental mixtures of both legacy and emerging PFAS in the wildlife living nearby fluorochemical production plants (FCP). Biomonitoring campaigns performed close to FCP, which can be considered as hotspots of PFAS contamination, can be very useful in exploring the fate and toxicity of these compounds towards free-living organisms. All studies showed that the bioaccumulation of both legacy and emerging PFAS in wildlife living near the FCP is higher compared to control sites and other areas worldwide. However, the investigation on adverse effects returned contrasting results, suggesting the need for further studies to shed light on the toxicity and mechanism(s) of action of PFAS in free-living organisms.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Umar, Muhammad. "Reductive and Oxidative UV Degradation of PFAS—Status, Needs and Future Perspectives." Water 13, no. 22 (November 11, 2021): 3185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13223185.

Full text
Abstract:
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) consist of a group of environmentally persistent, toxic and bio-accumulative organic compounds of industrial origin that are widely present in water and wastewater. Despite restricted use due to current regulations on their use, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) remain the most commonly detected long-chain PFAS. This article reviews UV-based oxidative and reductive studies for the degradation of PFAS. Most of the UV-based processes studied at lab-scale include low pressure mercury lamps (emitting at 254 and 185 nm) with some studies using medium pressure mercury lamps (200–400 nm). A critical evaluation of the findings is made considering the degradation of PFAS, the impact of water quality conditions (pH, background ions, organics), types of oxidizing/reducing species, and source of irradiation with emphasis given to mechanisms of degradation and reaction by-products. Research gaps related to understanding of the factors influencing oxidative and reductive defluorination, impact of co-existing ions from the perspective of complexation with PFAS, and post-treatment toxicity are highlighted. The review also provides an overview of future perspectives regarding the challenges in relation to the current knowledge gaps, and future needs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Emerce, Esra, and Özge Çetin. "Genotoxicity assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances on human sperm." Toxicology and Industrial Health 34, no. 12 (October 16, 2018): 884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233718799191.

Full text
Abstract:
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that have been used in industry and consumer products. Because the presence of PFAS has been identified in humans and the environment in the last decade, human exposure to PFAS is a current public health concern. It has been shown that some PFAS lead to adverse health effects in the male reproductive system. However, there is no information about probable genotoxic effects of these chemicals on sperm cells. This study aimed to investigate the possible genotoxic damage on human sperm cells exposed to certain major PFAS compounds that were selected considering their extensive usage, high persistence in the environment, and high bioaccumulation in humans. These PFAS are perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA). The alkaline comet assay was used to detect the DNA damage to sperm. Sperm cells were treated with 0.1–1 mM of each PFAS at 32°C for 1 h to obtain optimal survival. As a result of the experiments, it was discovered that the exposure to PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxA did not cause significant levels of cytotoxicity and did not cause damage to sperm DNA under these conditions. The results suggest that the exposure to these PFAS did not interfere with sperm DNA. Indirect toxicity mechanisms should be taken into account to assess the association between the PFAS exposure and male reproductive toxicity.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PFAS toxicity"

1

Shittu, Adenike Rofiyat. "Toxicity Studies Of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1625018658596765.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

O'Brien, Jason. "The Effects of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds on In Ovo Toxicity and Hepatic mRNA Expression in the Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19924.

Full text
Abstract:
Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are a group of chemical surfactants most notably used in non-stick and stain-resistance applications. Due to their wide-spread use and inherent resistance to degradation, several PFCs have become persistent environmental contaminants. Despite the high concentrations of PFCs reported in wild birds and their eggs, very little is known about the toxicological effects they have on avian species. This thesis investigates the developmental toxicity of PFCs in an avian model species: the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). Egg injection experiments were performed to assess the in ovo toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (technical grade, T-PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorodecane sulfonate (PFDS) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA). Real-time RT-PCR was then used to measure the transcription of candidate biomarker genes in the liver tissue of day 20 embryos. Candidate genes were selected based on their responsiveness to PFC exposure in previously conducted in vitro screening assays. In ovo exposure to PFOS resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in embryo pipping success (a measure of hatching success) with an LD50 of 93 μg/g (3.54 μg/g-672,910 μg/g, 95% confidence interval), however the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-regulated genes was not affected in liver tissue as hypothesized. PFOA, PFDS and PFUdA had no effect on the pipping success of chicken embryos. The expression of cytochrome P450 1A4 (CYP1A4) and liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) mRNA increased in embryo liver tissue following in ovo exposure to PFUdA but was only statistically significant at 10 μg/g, which is several orders of magnitude higher than concentrations reported in wild bird eggs. The isomer-specific accumulation of PFOS in chicken embryo livers was also investigated using an in-port derivatization gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Prior to incubation, chicken eggs were injected with T-PFOS, composed of 63% linear isomer (L-PFOS) and 37.3% branched isomers. The isomer profiles in day-20 embryo liver tissue showed up to 20% enrichment in the proportion of L-PFOS, compared to T-PFOS, with a corresponding decrease in the proportion of branched isomers. This enrichment was inversely proportional to dose. Finally, the transcriptional profiles of cultured chicken embryonic hepatocytes (CEH) exposed to either T-PFOS or L-PFOS were compared using Agilent 4x44k Chicken (V2) Gene Expression microarrays. At equal concentrations (10 μM), T-PFOS altered the expression of significantly more genes (340 genes, >1.5 fold change, false discovery rate adjusted p<0.05) compared to L-PFOS (130 genes). Functional analysis showed that L-PFOS and T-PFOS affected genes involved in lipid metabolism, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell-cell signaling. Pathway and interactome analysis suggested that gene expression may be affected through RXR, oxidative stress response, TP53 signaling, MYC signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling and PPARγ and SREBP receptors. In all functional categories and pathways examined, T-PFOS had a more pronounced disruptive effect on transctional regulation than L-PFOS. In summary, egg injection experiments showed that T-PFOS (but not linear PFOA, PFDS or PFUdA) may affect the hatching success of the chicken at environmentally relevant concentrations. It was also demonstrated that the accumulation of PFOS in embryonic liver is isomer specific, and leads to an enrichment of L-PFOS. The increased transcriptional disruption caused by T-PFOS in cultured hepatocytes over L-PFOS suggests that the branched isomers may be largely responsible for the toxicological effects of PFOS. Combined, the results from this thesis demonstrate the importance of considering PFOS isomer burdens during risk assessment. In addition, gene expression analysis identified several candidate mechanisms for PFOS toxicity.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Jacquet, Nelly. "Étude "in vitro" du potentiel cancérogène d'organofluorés sur cellules embryonnaires de hamster Syrien (SHE)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0394.

Full text
Abstract:
Les composés perfluorés (PFC) de formule chimique générale CF3-(CF2)n-SO3- ( sulfonates) ou CF3-(CF2)n-1-CO2- (acides) sont des polluants organiques émergents, dont la persistance, la bioaccumulation et la toxicité sont maintenant considérées préoccupantes au plan sanitaire et environnemental. L'objectif de notre recherche a été de mettre en évidence les effets cancérogènes in vitro et le mécanisme d'action impliqué lors de l'exposition pendant 7 jours de cellules embryonnaires de hamster Syrien (SHE) aux principaux représentants perfluorés, le sulfonate de perfluorooctane (PFOS), le perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), et à leur substitut, le sulfonate de perfluorobutane (PFBS). Le test de transformation cellulaire dans sa version standard ou selon un protocole de type initiation-promotion a permis de détecter les substances cancérogènes de profil initiateur ou promoteur de tumeur. La génotoxicité des PFCs a été explorée par le test Comet en conditions alcalines. PFOS a présenté un profil cancérogène non génotoxique de type initiateur aux concentrations de 0,37 et 3,7 µM (p<=0,01), coïncidant avec les concentrations sériques des travailleurs exposés au PFOS. L'activation des gènes PPARs a été observée après 7 jours d'exposition au PFOS, avec une induction plus importante et plus précoce (dès 24 heures d'exposition) du gène ppar-bêta/gamma aux concentrations transformantes (p<=0,05). PFOA appliqué seul n'induit pas la transformation néoplasique des cellules SHE. Par contre, il induit la transformation des cellules présensibilisées par un initiateur. Il agit selon un profil cancérogène non génotoxique de type promoteur de tumeur aux concentrations de 3,7 x 10-4 à 37 µM. Ces concentrations coïncident avec les concentrations sériques mesurées dans les populations professionnellement et non professionnellement exposées. PFBS ne s'est révélé ni initiateur, ni promoteur de tumeur. La mise en cause de ces PFCs dans l'augmentation des cancers de la vessie (pour le PFOS) et celui de la prostate (pour le PFOA) chez les travailleurs exposés ne peut être exclue
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) is a collective name for fluorinated surfactants and polymers with the general structure CF3-(CF2)n-SO3- (sulfonates) or CF3-(CF2)n-1-CO2- .(acids). This group is characterized by a high persistence, bioaccumulation and long term toxicity which are rising environmental and public health concerns. In the present work, we analyzed the in vitro carcinogenic potential of the two major PFCs, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and their substitute, perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). Cell transformation assays were carried out on Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells in a 7 day-treatment using the standard and the initiation-promotion protocols. Genotoxicity was tested using the comet assay. PFOS was not genotoxic on SHE cells, but it induced cell transformation at non cytotoxic concentrations 0,37 and 3,7 µM (p<=0,01). These concentrations coincided with serum PFOS concentrations measured in occupationally exposed workers. An increased expression of PPARs was registered after 7 days. The ppar-beta/gamma mRNA appeared to increase rapidly (24 hours after PFOS treatment) at concentrations closely related to cell transformation (p<=0,05). PFOA was inactive alone, but induced cell transformation of SHE cells pre-initiated with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Therefore PFOA was shown to act as a tumor promoter and a non genotoxic carcinogen at a large range of concentrations (3,7 x 10-4 à 37 µM). This range of concentrations covered seric concentrations in non-occupationally exposed and occupationally exposed populations. PFBS was negative alone and on BaP-pretreated SHE cells. For this reason, its use as a substitute for PFOS appears to be justified. To conclude, the cell transforming potenty of PFOS and PFOA denotes in vitro carcinogenic potential. Consequently, the hypothesis of their implication in human cancer recorded in occupationally exposed populations cannot be ruled out
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

(10802253), Edgar Ramiro Perez. "AN ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT BINARY MIXTURE OF PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONIC ACID AND PERFLUOROHEXANESULFONIC ACID RESULTS IN ANTAGONISM AND REDUCED BODY CONDITION IN NORTHERN LEOPARD FROGS." Thesis, 2021.

Find full text
Abstract:

Perfluoroalkyl substances are synthetic organic chemicals of environmental concern because they have been associated with adverse effects in both human epidemiological studies and standard laboratory animals. In the environment, PFAS occur as mixtures, especially in areas with a history of PFAS application, such as aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) sites. Among the PFAS, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) are the most common, and occur at the highest concentrations. Thus, amphibian populations at or near AFFF sites are at risk of exposure to known bioaccumulative and persistent chemicals, likely compromising the physiology and body condition of the animals. Here, we exposed northern leopard frogs to environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.5 and 1 ppb PFOS and PFHxS, alone or as a mixture comprised of 0.5 ppb PFOS and 0.5 ppb PFHxS. Univariate analyses showed that in the larval stages, tadpoles exposed to PFAS had significantly reduced scaled mass indexes (SMI’s) relative to the control, and only the organisms exposed to PFHxS 0.5 ppb were significantly larger. Sex did not significantly influence toxicity in the later stages (GS 42 & 46), indicating no sex-related effects. Altered body condition (i.e., fat stores) in the larval stages indicate potential effects to energy balance. There is a need to assess fitness-related effects as amphibians’ transition into the terrestrial environment, and include endpoints such as: reproductive, developmental, immunological, mating, feeding, competition, and survival. Early developmental effects in the larval stages also suggests that earlier developmental endpoints may be of interest. Establishing ecological risk assessments for PFAS are necessary, as they are toxic, persistent, and bioaccumulative.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "PFAS toxicity"

1

Morschhauser, Franck, and Pier Luigi Zinzani. "Indolent Lymphomas." In The EBMT/EHA CAR-T Cell Handbook, 83–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94353-0_15.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractIndolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL), including follicular (FL) and marginal zone (MZL) lymphoma, now enjoy durable disease control with first-line immunochemotherapy, with a median overall survival (OS) of over 15 years in most series (Kahl and Yang 2016). However, iNHL is still widely considered incurable in most cases, and disease history remains characterized by a relapsing and remitting course, with each remission period shorter than the previous one, and OS and progression-free survival (PFS) decrease with each subsequent line of conventional therapy (Batlevi et al. 2020). Patients with unmet needs include approximately 20% of FL patients who experience disease progression within 24 months (POD24) after initial chemoimmunotherapy (with a 5-year OS of 48% (Casulo et al. 2015)—although it remains unclear how much this worse outcome is driven by misdiagnosed transformed follicular lymphoma (Freeman et al. 2019)) and those who fail multiple regimens (5-year PFS of 23%) (Rivas-Delgado et al. 2019) have double refractory disease (Gopal et al. 2017) or experience relapse after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) (Sesques et al. 2020). Although promising results were obtained with an immunomodulatory regimen combining anti-C20 Moab and lenalidomide (Leonard et al. 2019; Morschhauser et al. 2019), most current approved therapies do not overcome incremental disease resistance, resulting in multiple lines of treatment with cumulative toxicity over a patient’s lifetime. The autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies tisa-cel and axi-cel, which are now approved for patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) large B cell lymphoma (LBCL), have also been tested in iNHL, with promising results.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Özmert, Elif N. "Erken Çocuklukta Gelişimsel Sorunlar ve Endokrin Bozucular." In Endokrin Bozucular ve Sağlık, 99–116. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Yayınları, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-04-7.ch06.

Full text
Abstract:
Not only the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders but also the number of chemicals in the human body, endocrine-disrupting chemicals and neurotoxic chemicals are increasing. At least some of the increase in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders can be attributed to environmental chemicals. In this chapter, intellectual development, autism spectrum disorders, and behavioral problems will be discussed. Gene and environment interaction during fetal life programs adult health and diseases. Nutrition, stress, and chemicals are the essential environmental factors. The effects of these environmental factors are also vital during the first 2 years of life. Due to the close interaction of the endocrine system with neurologic development, endocrine disruptors can also be defined as neuroendocrine disruptors. In this chapter, heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, manganese), plasticizers (phthalates, bisphenols, perfloroalkyl compounds-PFAS, PFUA), pesticides (organochlorines, organophosphates, atrzain), solvents (glycolether), flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ether-PBDE), persistent organic pollutants (PCB, dioxins) will be discussed. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals express their neurotoxic effect in several mechanisms; hypothalamopitutier-gonadal/adrenal axis dysfunction, thyroid hormone, immune dysregulation/inflammation, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter system, apoptosis, the prefrontal cortex- hippocampus structure and function, and epigenetic mechanisms and may differ according to sex. Strong evidence for the neurotoxic effects has been demonstrated for several chemicals, and they have been banned (lead in gasoline, PCB, OP pesticides etc). Unfortunately, This Is Not The Case For Those Chemicals Which Are Not Stored In The Body, especially the plasticizers. Plasticizers are widely used, and the populations have high exposure. Most studies show an adverse effect of plasticizers on neurodevelopment. However, the time points, the metabolites studied, and the methods used for neurodevelopment assessment differ among studies. In fact, even a small decrease in IQ, which may not be significant for the individuals, can make essential deviance for the whole population. Now the exposures are with multiple chemicals. The non-monotonic dose-response curve makes it difficult to define a safe lower limit. Exposure during the critical life periods (starting before conception, first 1000 days, adolescence) has a silent latency period where the effect is seen later. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are not only affecting human health but also the biodiversity balance. We are not encountering many high dose acute toxicity cases but relatively low dose continuous exposures, which will manifest in the future 10 years. Now we are in a period of a silent pandemic for chemical toxins. The main issue is that all new chemicals and technologies are considered safe unless proven otherwise. In fact, we should all keep in mind that “absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence”. As a first step, awareness about the health effects and prevention of endocrine-disrupting chemicals among health care workers and the population could be increased, leading to changes in production, consumption, and lifestyle.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Kanellias, Nikolaos, Maria Gavriatopoulou, and Evangelos Terpos. "Antibody Therapies for Multiple Myeloma." In Multiple Myeloma [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98656.

Full text
Abstract:
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is characterized by the abberant proliferation and expansion of plasma cells in the Bone marrow. Despite the broad use of proteasome inhibitors and IMiDs, Multiple Myeloma remains an incurable disease. The introduction of Monoclonal antibodies, along with bi-specific antibodies and check point inhibitors, has significantly enhanced the armamentarium of available therapeutic options in the relapsed setting. The incorporation of the above-mentioned novel agents in triplet or quadruplet therapeutic regimens has led to significant prolongation of overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS), without adding significant toxicity. Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies has become the cornerstone of antimyeloma therapy in both the newly diagnosed and relapsed setting.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "PFAS toxicity"

1

Vatsa, Richa, Sunesh Kumar, and Lalit Kumar. "To assess the role of addition of bevacizumab therapy to carboplatin and paclitaxel as frontline treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685308.

Full text
Abstract:
Introduction: Efforts are going on for development of new drugs for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We assessed safety profile of bevacizumab, a VEGF receptor blocking antibody in treatment of EOC. Methods: We assigned women with EOC to carboplatin (area under curve, 5 or 6) and paclitaxel (175 mg/square meter of body-surface area), given every 3 weeks for 6 cycles, or to this regimen plus bevacizumab (15 mg/kilogram body weight), given concurrently every 3 weeks for 5 or 6 cycles and continued for 30 additional cycles. Primary outcome measures was safety profile of bevacizumab and secondary outcome was to see progression free survival (PFS). Results: Out of 30 patients, 10 were in Bevacizuma arm (Arm A) and 20 in conventional chemotherapy arm (Arm B). Haematological toxicity, GI perforation and proteinuria was similar in both. Other toxicities e.g. bleeding complication (p = 0.002) and hypertension (p = 0.04) was more in Arm A. PFS was similar in both arms; 24 months in Arm A and 22 months in Arm B (p = 0.565). 4 (40%) patients in arm A discontinued treatment, two (20%) because of disease progression after PFS of 9 and 6 months, two because of development of toxicity considered to be due to bevacizumab; of which one developed jejenal perforation and disease progression after PFS of 6 months and 1 because of development of persistent proteinuria of grade 3 after 18 months. Conclusion: Bevacizumab therapy does not improve PFS in EOC but increases toxicity spectrum of chemotherapy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lee, Jai-yeop, Hyun-dong Lee, and Il-ho Ki. "Bio-toxicity Assessment of PFOA and PFOS to Vibrio fischeri by Photomultiplier Tube." In Information Technology and Computer Science 2015. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2015.99.17.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Evans, William, Jazmine Eccles, and William Baldwin. "Changes in Energy Metabolism Induced by PFOS and Dietary Oxylipins." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/jnpe5541.

Full text
Abstract:
CYP2B6 is a drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) that has anti-obesity properties, but also increases non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in hCYP2B6-transgenic mice compared to Cyp2b-null mice. hCYP2B6-transgenic mice are also more susceptible to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) toxicity, a lipid-like toxicant used in stains, varnishes and firefighting foams that increase NAFLD. Our recent research demonstrates that CYP2B6 metabolizes dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids into the oxylipins, 9-HODE and 9-HOTre, which are strong peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARa) agonists and weak PPARg agonists. The purpose of our studies is to better understand the mechanisms behind PFOS and oxylipin-mediated hepatic steatosis. To test whether PFOS, 9-HODE or 9-HOTrE alter mitochondrial metabolism, Seahorse Mitostress assays were performed using HepG2 cells treated with 0.2, 1 and 5mM PFOS, 9-HODE and 9-HOTrE for 24 hours (n=5). Both PFOS and 9-HOTrE increased spare respiratory capacity in a concentration-dependent manner with lesser effects by 9-HODE. qPCR was performed following exposure of HepG2 cells to 1 and 5 mM of each compound to investigate changes in gene expression that may explain alterations in mitochondrial respiration or hepatic steatosis. PFOS repressed expression of ANGPTL4, a biomarker of PPARgactivation. 9-HODE induced CD36 and FASN expression, genes involved in fatty acid uptake and synthesis. 9-HOTrE induced SREBF1 and Cpt1a expression, genes involved in sterol synthesis and fatty acid transport into the mitochondria and may partially explain the increase in SRC. Thus, based on current results, PFOS is associated with reduced transport of lipids from the liver and 9-HODE increases lipid uptake; both would increase steatosis through different mechanisms. 9-HOTre may increase metabolism and therefore reduce steatosis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Clifton, KK, J. Kimmel, M. Yi, B. Chad, J. Litton, T. Debu, and K. Meghan. "Abstract P3-11-03: The impact of dose delays and reductions on toxicity and progression free survival (PFS) in patients receiving palbociclib." In Abstracts: 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 5-9, 2017; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p3-11-03.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'PFAS toxicity' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography