Books: 'PEX genes'

1

Clark, Ellena J. Studies on cloned genes of pea powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi DC). Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1997.

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2

L' incesto multiforme: Per una teoria sulla genesi del "disturbo psichico". Milano: Giuffrè, 1985.

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3

F. H. Bradley e la genesi della filosofia analitica: Contributi per una definizione. Milano: UNICOPLI, 2007.

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4

Grassi, Andrea Massimo. Fräulein Klarinette: La genesi e il testo delle opere per clarinetto di Johannes Brahms. Pisa: ETS, 2006.

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5

Genesi e storia del Popolo della libertà: Quale futuro per un partito unico del centrodestra. Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino, 2012.

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6

Cavina, Marco. Il duello giudiziario per punto d'onore: Genesi, apogeo e crisi nell'elaborazione dottrinale italiana (sec. XIV-XVI). Torino: G. Giappichelli, 2003.

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7

Fericgla, Josep M. El bolet i la genesi de les cultures: Gnoms i follets, ambits culturals forjats per l'Amanita muscaria. Barcelona: Editorial Alta Fulla, 1991.

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8

Maffei, Paola, and Gian Maria Varanini, eds. Honos alit artes. Studi per il settantesimo compleanno di Mario Ascheri. I. La formazione del diritto comune. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-627-5.

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The articles collected in the book offer insights on major aspects that determined the success and development of the ”ius commune”, progressively spread out across Europe, and from Europe to those parts of the world that felt the influence. Three prospects are hereby taken onto account, in a time span of seven centuries (XII-XVIII): the consilia of Jurists, the training paths in universities (texts, literary genres, doctrines, teaching and teachers) and the canonical science.

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9

Alibert, Loïs. La correspondència entre Loïs Alibert i Josep Carbonell i Gener: Materials per a l'estudi de la codificació de la llengua occitana. Edited by Carbonell i Gener, Josep, d. 1979. and Alquézar i. Montañés Manuel. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 1992.

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10

Bartolo, Giuseppe. Genesi e sviluppo di una nuova politica per il Mezzogiorno: Bibliografia ragionata della stampa quotidiana e periodica negli anni 1943-54. Galatina: Congedo, 1992.

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11

Gepponi, Carolina, ed. Un carteggio di Margherita Guidacci. Lettere a Tiziano Minarelli. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-717-3.

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Denso di memorie e occasioni poetiche, l’epistolario di Margherita Guidacci con Tiziano Minarelli permette di fare luce sulla genesi delle ultime raccolte poetiche (da Inno alla gioia del 1983 fino ad Anelli del tempo del 1993), di cogliere inedite fonti d’ispirazione e di ricostruire lo sfondo emotivo e culturale che ne accompagna la composizione. Induce a riflessioni sulla vita letteraria italiana dall’ottica di chi, come Margherita Guidacci, vi contribuisce unendo attività poetica (in lingua italiana), traduzione (anche attraverso una terza lingua), studio e insegnamento della letteratura inglese e americana, giornalismo culturale. Testimonia un’intensa amicizia, una comune passione per la letteratura e la lettura, una costante condivisione di testi poetici, trascritti e citati, una crescente familiarità.

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12

Dessì, Giuseppe, Corrado Tumiati, and Alberto Vigevani. Dessí e la Sardegna. Edited by Giulio Vannucci. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-401-1.

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È una Sardegna fuori del tempo, alle soglie della storia, quella che emerge dalle pagine dei romanzi e dei racconti di Giuseppe Dessí. Ma è anche una Sardegna viva, ricca di contraddizioni che si inverano nel paesaggio e nelle vicende degli uomini. Il rapporto profondo che ha legato Dessí alla sua terra, nutrendone la narrativa, la saggistica, il lavoro intellettuale, si impone con forza nei carteggi raccolti in questo volume. Le lettere inedite, rintracciate in quattro diversi archivi italiani, trascritte e puntualmente annotate da Giulio Vannucci, raccontano la nascita e la composizione del numero speciale del «Ponte» di Calamandrei dedicato nel 1951 alla Sardegna e ricostruiscono la genesi della splendida antologia Scoperta della Sardegna, pubblicata nel 1965 dal Polifilo di Alberto Vigevani. In quei due libri straordinari lo scrittore, lasciando per una volta la voce narrativa ad altri, aveva costruito, non solo attraverso le parole di amici, ma di studiosi, storici, politici…, un diverso racconto corale dell’isola: mettendosi al servizio di Calamandrei, nel caso del «Ponte», per trovare collaboratori idonei a parlare della Sardegna del dopoguerra; impegnandosi a scegliere ricercatori capaci di tracciare una nuova e originale guida alla scoperta culturale dell’isola nel caso del Polifilo. Di tutto questo ci parlano adesso i carteggi, ma anche della cultura degli anni 60, dei dialoghi e delle tensioni intellettuali che accompagnarono Dessí nella compilazione di due opere che per acutezza antropologica e sociale ancora oggi ci parlano di una ‘dimora vitale’ che era la sua.

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13

Paolucci, Fabrizio, ed. Epigrafia tra erudizione antiquaria e scienza storica. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-834-1.

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In occasione del novantesimo compleanno di Detlef Heikamp, fra i massimi indagatori del collezionismo storico fiorentino, il 10 e 11 novembre 2017 si è tenuto l’incontro di studi dedicato alla genesi dell’epigrafia come scienza storica. Le Gallerie degli Uffizi sono state la cornice ideale per una simile iniziativa: qui, infatti, si costituì a partire dal XVII secolo una delle raccolte epigrafiche greche e latine destinate a segnare nel profondo l’evoluzione di questa branca di studi; e proprio a questa istituzione, Detlef Heikamp volle donare, all’indomani del disastroso attentato del 1993, una preziosa selezione di reperti provenienti dalla sua raccolta di iscrizioni. Alle due giornate fiorentine hanno partecipato con entusiasmo i più autorevoli esperti del settore, i cui contributi, dieci in tutto, sono adesso raccolti in questo volume che offre un quadro aggiornato e puntuale dell’eccellenza della ricerca italiana nel campo dell’epigrafia greca e romana.

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14

Solé, Carlota. Llengua i economia a Catalunya: Anàlisi del procés de negociació de la Llei 1/1998, del 7 de gener, de política lingüística per mitjà de la teoria de conjunts borrosos. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2001.

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15

Casamada, Albert Ràfols. Ràfols-Casamada: Exposició antològica, 1957-1985 : 27 de novembre del 1985 a 5 de gener del 1986, Fundació Joan Miró, Parc de Montjuïc, Barcelona : exposició organitzada pel Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya amb la col·laboració de la Fundació Joan Miró de Barcelona. Barcelona: El Departament, 1985.

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16

Mir, Joaquín. Joaquim Mir, itinerari vital: Exposició organizada per la Fundació "la Caixa" : 3 de desembre de 1997 - 25 de gener de 1998, Fundació "la Caixa", Palma : 6 de febrer - 8 de març 1998, Centre Cultural de La Fundació "La Caixa", Lleida : 18 de març - 19 dʼabril 1998, Sala Girona de la Fundació "La Caixa", Girona. Barcelona: Fundació Caixa d'Estalvis i Pensions, 1997.

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17

William, Vincent. Genet As a Pet: The Complete Genet Owners Manual, Genet Care, Feeding, Health, and All You Need to Know about Genet As Pet. Independently Published, 2021.

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18

Milos Pet Egg. Bloomsbury UK, 2010.

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19

Reuter, Martin, and Christian Montag. The Genetic Basis of Positive Emotionality. Edited by Turhan Canli. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199753888.013.015.

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The chapter addresses the molecular genetic basis of the personality trait positive emotionality (PE). Beginning with historical aspects of heritability estimation and personality assessment, the main portion of this chapter discusses the molecular genetics basis of PE, which is investigated far less frequently than that of negative emotionality (NE). The studies reviewed focus on individual differences in PE in healthy subjects and include only those studies that assess PE by broadly accepted personality inventories. The review is concentrated on dopaminergic and serotonergic genes because these genes show the most association with PE.

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20

Chiang, Chin Chang. Characterization and expression of disease resistance response genes in pea induced by Fusarium solani. 1990.

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21

Drake, Carolyn. Pel�cano: Im�genes Incre�bles y Datos Divertidos para Ni�os. Independently Published, 2020.

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22

MANUALE ISTRUZIONI GENESA CRYSTAL and PENTA SFERA: Come Usare Al Meglio la Genesa Crystal e Penta Sfera - Spiegazioni e Suggerimenti per L'uso. Independently Published, 2019.

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23

BORTOLAZZI, Silvano. Odissea Della Genesi Negli Universi - Trilogia: Cavaliere Al Merito Della Repubblica Italiana per la Poesia. Independently Published, 2020.

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24

Heidet, Laurence, Bertrand Knebelmann, and Marie Claire Gubler. Alport syndrome. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0323.

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The diagnosis of Alport syndrome is suspected from the clinical features and confirmed by identifying the almost pathognomonic ultrastructural changes to the basement membrane in a family member with early disease (so that glomeruli are not too sclerosed), or in modern times by identifying a causative mutation in one or more of the three implicated COL4 genes. Genetic testing is becoming simpler and cheaper, but is still out of the reach of many. Eighty-five per cent of cases are caused by COL4A5 mutations and 10–15% by autosomal recessive disease. A significant proportion of morbidity in X-linked disease occurs in female ‘carriers’ heterozygous for the disease. Changes by light microscopy are non-specific, and can be misleading unless accompanied by electron microscopy. Immunohistology can be helpful but may not be definitive as some causative mutations are not associated with absence of protein product. As COL4A5 is expressed in skin, skin studies are theoretically useful, but they are technically challenging and only a definite negative result is helpful. It is important to distinguish other disorders causing renal disease with deafness, and other causes of glomerular haematuria. Two rare syndromes are caused by extended deletions beyond the COL4A5 gene: X-linked Alport syndrome with diffuse oesophageal leiomyomatosis in which smooth muscle leoimyomas is transmitted in a dominant fashion, and X-linked Alport syndrome with mental retardation.

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25

Mattioli, Fabiana. Ricerche sulla formazione della categoria dei cosiddetti quasi delitti. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg247.

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La ricerca, che ha per oggetto lo studio dei cosiddetti quasi delitti, si articola in cinque capitoli. I primi quattro sono dedicati all’analisi delle singole figure indicate come fonti del “quasi ex maleficio teneri” (Iudex qui litem suam facit, effusum vel deiectum, positum aut suspensum, actiones damni et furti in factum adversus nautas, caupones et stabularios). Ciascuna figura viene indagata partitamente e, per quanto necessario, in relazione alle altre componenti del genus, con particolare attenzione al relativo regime quale risulta dall’esame diretto delle fonti giuridiche e letterarie a nostra disposizione. Nel quinto la trattazione si sposta, più in generale, sul genus del “quasi ex maleficio teneri” e sulla connessa creazione della categoria dogmatica delle “obligationes quae quasi ex delicto nascuntur”, affrontando la questione complessa e controversa dell’individuazione dell’elemento unificante delle diverse figure di quasi delitti, anche con riferimento alla problematica individuazione del momento in cui possa fissarsi l’emersione della categoria.

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26

Perdita di memoria Una trilogia per Magazzini Criminali: Genet a Tangeri, Ritratto dell'attore da giovane,Vita immaginaria di Paolo Uccello. Milano: ubulibri, 1986.

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27

Hamilton, Matthew Lloyd. COMT genotypes in pain responses. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0080.

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The landmark study discussed in this chapter is ‘COMT val158met genotype affects μ‎-opioid neurotransmitter responses to a pain stressor’, published by Zubieta et al. in 2003. Catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) is a key modulator of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. This study focused on a single nucleotide polymorphism of the COMT gene encoding the substitution of valine (val) by methionine (met) at Codon 158 (val158met), resulting in a three- to fourfold reduction in its activity. Individuals with the val/val genotype have the highest activity of COMT, val/met genotypes have intermediate activity, and met/met genotypes have the lowest activity of COMT. Using a mixture of PET imaging of the binding of μ‎-opioid receptors and correlation with clinical outcomes, this groundbreaking study provided evidence that confirmed their hypothesis and established the COMT val158met SNP as one of the first gene modifications with direct ramifications on human pain.

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28

Philippe, Boutry, ed. La Grecia antica: Mito e simbolo per l'età della grande rivoluzione : genesi e crisi di un modello nella cultura del Settecento. Milano: Guerini e associati, 1991.

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29

Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Wilson's disease. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0056.

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Clinical features 412Diagnosis 413Management 414Indications for liver transplantation 415• Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal disorder of copper metabolism. The gene ATP7B codes for a copper carrier which both exports copper from hepatocyte to bile, and enables caeruloplasmin synthesis.• WD occurs worldwide with reported incidences of 5–30 per million population. WD may present with almost any variety of liver disease in the age group 3–12 years, with psychiatric and/or neurological disease in adolescence or young adults, with combined hepatic and neurological problems, or less commonly with haemolysis or arthritis....

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30

Connor, Thomas, and Patrick H. Maxwell. Molecular basis of renal tumour syndromes. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0328.

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Kidney cancer is among the most common adult malignancy. It accounts for over 3% of all new cases of cancer diagnosed in men and around 2% of all cancers in women in the United Kingdom. In the United States, 1 in 75 people will develop renal cancer in their lifetime and approximately one-third will have metastatic disease at presentation. Kidney cancer has a notoriously poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but treatment has evolved significantly in the past 10 years. Key to these recent developments in therapy has been a revolution in our understanding of the molecular basis of the renal tumour syndromes which are described in this chapter. Two to three per cent of cases of renal cancer are recognized as due to these syndromes, but they are likely to be recurrent, and to occur in other family members. Seven genes are currently implicated in these syndromes.

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31

1911-1973, Sobrequés Vidal Santiago, Portella i Comas, Jaume, 1951-, and Col·legi Universitari de Girona, eds. La Formació i expansió del feudalisme català: Actes del col·loqui organizat pel Col·legi Universitari de Girona (8-11 de gener de 1985). Girona: Col·legi Universitari de Girona, 1985.

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32

Marina, Miquel i. Vives, Museu d'Història de Catalunya, and Catalonia (Spain). Departament de Cultura i Mitjans de Comunicació., eds. "Per bruixa i metzinera": La cacera de bruixes a Catalunya : Museu d'Historia de Catalunya, 25 de gener-27 de maig de 2007. [Barcelona]: Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Cultura i Mitjans de Communicacio, 2007.

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33

Portella i Comas, Jaume, 1951- and Col·legi Universitari de Girona, eds. La Formació i expansió del feudalisme Català: Actes del col·loqui oranitzat pel Col·legi Universitari de Girona (8-11 de gener de 1985). [Girona]: Col·legi Universitari de Girona, 1986.

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34

Per bruixa i metzinera : la cacera de bruixes a Catalunya : Museu d'Història de Catalunya, 25 de gener-27 de maig de 2007. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Cultura i Mitjans de Comunicació, 2007.

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35

Sedel, Frédéric. Krabbe Disease in Adults. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0051.

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Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the lysosomal galactocerebrosidase (galactosyl ceramidase) gene. Krabbe disease usually presents as a severe leukodystrophy in early infancy and childhood. In contrast, adult patients usually present with progressive spastic paraparesis. Other signs of the disease include peripheral neuropathy, dysarthria, cerebellar ataxia, pes cavus deep sensory signs, tongue atrophy, optic neuropathy, cognitive decline. Cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration is moderately increased in adults. High signals of cortico-spinal tracts on brain MRI are highly suggestive and this typical aspect may be associated with hyper-intensities of optic radiations, and of the posterior part of the corpus callosum.

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36

Zoysa, Aruni De. Other bacterial diseasesDiseases caused by corynebacteria and related organisms. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0019.

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The genus Corynebacterium contains the species Corynebacterium diphtheriae and the non-diphtherial corynebacteria. C. diphtheriae is the major human pathogen in this genus, but several species of nondiphtheria corynebacteria appear to be emerging as important pathogens.Zoonotic corynebacteria rarely cause disease in humans, but recent reports have indicated that the frequency and severity of infection associated with Corynebacterium ulcerans has increased in many countries. In the past most human C.ulcerans infections have occurred through close contact with farm animals or by consumption of unpasteurised dairy products. However, recently, there have been cases of human infection following close contact with household pets. Rhodococcus equi appears to be emerging as an important pathogen in immunocompromised patients, especially those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Human infections caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is still a very rare occurrence.Antibiotics in combination with surgery and vaccination are the treatment of choice for human infection. Control of human infection is best achieved by raising awareness in those at risk (e.g. domestic pet owners, sheep shearers, the immunocompromised), clinicians involved in treating these groups and by vaccination. Reducing prevalence in the animal population could be achieved by improving hygiene in farms and husbandry practices, reducing minor injuries (e.g. cuts and abrasions) during routine procedures, and by vaccination.

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37

Horak, Marianne. Olethreutine Moths of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643094086.

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Olethreutine moths often have fruit-boring larvae and this economically important group includes many horticultural pests such as codling moths, Oriental fruit moths and macadamia nut borers. This volume is the first reference to describe the 90 olethreutine genera present in Australia. It provides generic definitions, a key to genera, generic descriptions, and illustrations of adults, heads, venation, genitalia of both sexes and other diagnostic structures of all genera. Summaries of biology and distribution and a checklist for all named Australian species are given for each genus. Importantly, it includes a comprehensive reorganisation of olethreutine classification, based on generic revisions, with a worldwide impact. The volume contains copious illustrations (two species per genus where possible) to convey generic concepts, and to allow identification of this economically important group. Nearly all olethreutine genera present in Australia extend into Asia and beyond, so the book will be relevant to horticultural pests throughout Asia, and crucial to an understanding of olethreutine evolution worldwide. The diverse Australian olethreutine fauna is particularly rich in enarmoniine and grapholitine genera, several new to science and adding significantly to the concepts of these two tribes. Given the wealth of biological information, the book will be important for ecological work on phytophagous insects well beyond Australia.

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38

A l'ombra del Penyagolosa: Conferència llegida el 31 de gener en el Centre de Cultura Valenciana, en l'acte organitzat pel Centre Excursionista de València. Benicarló, Spain: Onada, 2015.

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39

La Formacio i expansio del feudalisme Catala: Actes del col·loqui oranitzat pel Col·legi Universitari de Girona (8-11 de gener de 1985) (Estudi general). Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 1986.

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40

Klepper, Joerg, and Baerbel Leiendecker. Glut1 Deficiency. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0005.

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Glut1 Deficiency (Glut1D, OMIM #606777) is caused by impaired glucose transport into the brain. The resulting cerebral “energy crisis” causes intractable seizures, developmental delay, and a complex movement disorder. The diagnosis is based on clinical features, low CSF glucose and/or mutations in the SLC2A1 gene. Paroxysmal exertion-induced dystonia (PED) and hereditary cryohydrocytosis have been described as allelic variants. Adults are increasingly being recognized through family pedigrees. The condition is effectively treatable by mimicking the metabolic state of fasting. High-fat carbohydrate-restricted ketogenic diets generate ketones that serve as an alternative fuel for the brain. In adults with Glut1D, novel modified ketogenic diets can be used, allowing more carbohydrates and greater palatability and compliance.

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41

Barcelona (Spain). Museu de les Arts Decoratives., ed. Arts decoratives a Barcelona: Col·leccions per a un museu : del 23 de setembre de 1994 al 8 de gener de 1995, Palau de la Virreina. [Barcelona]: Ajuntament de Barcelona, 1994.

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42

Rita, Paris, Borrelli Ernesto, and Italy. Soprintendenza archeologica di Roma., eds. Dono Hartwig: Originali ricongiunti e copie tra Roma e Ann Arbor : ipotesi per il Templum Gentis Flaviae. Roma: Giunti, 1994.

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43

Forsyth, Rob, and Richard Newton. Neurodiagnostic tools. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784449.003.0002.

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This chapter explains the principles of how best to use the main diagnostic tools in paediatric neurology in the context of evidence-based medicine. The description of neuroradiology includes the principles of DWI, SWI, MRS, ASL and fMRI, and the usefulness of ultrasound, CT and PET scanning; neuroradiological anatomy, terminology, common incidental findings and normal myelination patterns. An approach to white matter and developmental brain abnormalities is depicted. Neurogenetic testing discusses the capabilities and limitations of microarray for Comparative Genomic Hybridization (copy-number variants), gene panel testing, and whole exome and whole genome next generation sequencing. The chapter offers the theory, practicality and pitfalls of electroencephalography, peripheral neurophysiology and evoked potential testing. Common practical procedures are described, including lumbar puncture, muscle biopsy and shunt tapping with an understanding of the place of special investigations on CSF, blood, urine, and skin. The scope of neuropsychological testing is described.

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44

L' Ercole Trionfante-1688 Edition- Full Score: Drama per musica in 3 atti.Ricostruzione della partitura sulla base delle sezioni superstiti epocali-Revisione dell'Orchestrazione-Realizzazione del Basso Continuo secondo l'edizione 1688 di M. G. Genesi. Lodi: P.M. Editions, 2021.

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45

Bergé, Pieter, ed. Dies irae. Leuven University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/9789461664303.

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Het requiem (of de dodenmis) is een van de oudste en langst overlevende genres uit de westerse muziekgeschiedenis. Honderden jaren heeft het enkel bestaan in zijn oorspronkelijke gregoriaanse gedaante, maar vanaf ca. 1450 hebben heel wat grote componisten zich laten inspireren tot het schrijven van magistrale nieuwe dodenmissen. Dies Irae laat de lezer op toegankelijke wijze kennismaken met deze meesterwerken zonder dat muzikale voorkennis vereist is. Na een inleiding over de betekenis en structuur van de tekst en muziek van de aloude Latijnse dodenmis, volgt een kroniek in drie delen die de lezer door de geschiedenis van het requiem gidst. In aparte hoofdstukken komen alle grote en bekende requiems aan bod (onder meer van Mozart, Brahms, Verdi, Fauré, Britten en Webber), evenals enkele minder populaire maar minstens even aangrijpende werken (zoals de requiems van Ockeghem, Schütz, Weill, Ligeti, Stravinsky en Zimmermann). Elk requiem wordt volgens een vast stramien besproken, zodat de lezer vrijelijk kan grasduinen door verschillende perioden en composities: eerst wordt ieder werk muziekhistorisch gesitueerd, daarna volgt een korte bespreking van elk deel afzonderlijk. Door de besprekingen te koppelen aan één referentieopname per werk, kan de lezer de uitleg meteen ook aan de luisterpraktijk toetsen. Onder de leiding van Pieter Bergé, en met medewerking van Jan Christiaens werden alle bijdragen aan Dies Irae. Kroniek van het requiem geschreven door auteurs die als docent, onderzoeker of alumnus verbonden zijn aan de onderzoekseenheid Musicologie van de K.U.Leuven.

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46

McLauchlin, J. Listeriosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0014.

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Listeriosis occurs in a variety of animals including humans, and most often affects the pregnant uterus, the central nervous system (CNS) or the bloodstream. During pregnancy, infection spreads to the foetus, which will either be born severely ill or die in-utero. In non-pregnant animals, listeriosis usually presents as meningitis, encephalitis. In humans, infection most often occurs in the immunocompromised and elderly, and to a lesser extent the pregnant woman, the unborn, or the newly delivered infant. Infection can be treated successfully with antibiotics, however 20–40% of human cases are fatal..In domestic animals (especially in sheep and goats) listeriosis usually presents as encephalitis, abortion, or septicaemia, and is a cause of considerable economic loss.The genus Listeria comprises six species of Gram-positive bacteria. Almost all cases of listeriosis are due to Listeria monocytogenes although up to 10% of cases in sheep are due to Listeria ivanovii.Listeriae are ubiquitous in the environment worldwide, especially in sites with decaying organic vegetable material. Many animals carry the organism in the faeces without serious infection. The consumption of contaminated food or feed is the principal route of transmission for both humans and animals, however other means of transmission occur.Human listeriosis is rare (<1 to > 10 cases per million people in North America and Western Europe), but because of the high mortality rate, it is amongst the most important causes of death from food-borne infections in industrialized countries. In the UK, human listeriosis is the biggest single cause of death from a preventable food-borne disease. Listeriosis in domestic animals is a cause of considerable economic loss. Control measures should be directed towards both to exclude Listeria from food or feed as well as inhibiting its multiplication and survival. Silage which is spoiled or mouldy should not be used, and care should be taken to maintain anaerobic conditions for as long as possible.Dietary advice is available for disease prevention, particularly targeted at ‘at risk’ individuals to modify their diet to avoid eating specific foods such as soft cheese and pâté.

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47

Daguerre, Blandine. Passage et écriture de l’entre-deux dans El Pasajero de Cristóbal Suárez de Figueroa. Presses Universitaires de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46608/primaluna3.9782353111220.

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Espagne, premier quart du XVIIe siècle : quatre hommes se rencontrent au cours d’un voyage entre Madrid et Barcelone où ils doivent partir pour l’Italie pour y tenter leur chance. Pour lutter contre la pénibilité de leur périple et éviter l’ennui, ils décident de converser. S’ensuit un échange de plus de 200 pages autour de leur destination, de leur parcours personnel respectif, de la société de l’époque au sein duquel viennent s’intercaler des récits à vocation plus ludique. Telle est l’intrigue de El Pasajero, advertencias utilísimas a la vida humana, œuvre citée par bon nombre de spécialistes du Siècle d’Or qui s’attachent tous à saluer ses qualités littéraires et à laquelle aucune étude littéraire de fond n’a été consacrée. Comment expliquer un tel paradoxe? El Pasajero propose un caléidoscope de la société de l’époque, d’où l’orientation sociologique de la plupart des études réalisées sur ce texte. La mauvaise presse de son auteur connu pour son tempérament peu amène et pour son opposition à Cervantès, a pu y contribuer également de manière plus tangentielle. Enfin et surtout, la richesse textuelle, littéraire et idéologique de El Pasajero peut avoir freiné certaines ambitions analytiques. Le texte de Figueroa est d’une nature profondément hybride, il se caractérise par un oscillement perpétuel entre inspiration italienne, accents décaméroniens, emprunts transtextuels et substrat folklorique hispanique. Il joue sur la porosité des frontières entre réalité et fiction pour élaborer un texte dont tous les éléments semblent dialoguer et entre lesquels le lecteur passe comme sur les pierres d’un gué. En fin de compte, El Pasajero est un véritable laboratoire d’expérimentation littéraire où affleurent traditions littéraires ancrées et propositions d’écriture plus innovantes. Ce dialogue perpétuel est décisif dans l’œuvre : au-delà d’un premier dialogue évident entre les personnages, le texte en propose d’autres en filigrane, entre les formes et les genres littéraires. Ils fonctionnent comme autant d’éléments structurants au sein de cette œuvre pensée comme un lieu de passage où se mêlent expérimentations littéraires et réflexions sociétales. El Pasajero peut parfois laisser le lecteur perplexe, c’est un fait. Il fait, néanmoins, partie de ces textes qui fascinent et qui n’ont pas encore révélé tous leurs secrets. Une chose est certaine : El Pasajero ne laisse pas indifférent et mérite qu’on lui consacre une étude de fond. C’est ce que se propose de faire cet ouvrage…

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48

Grant, Warren, and Martin Scott-Brown. Prevention of cancer. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0350.

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In the UK, the four commonest cancers—lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer—result in around 62 000 deaths every year. Although deaths from cancer have fallen in the UK over the last 20 years, the UK still suffers from higher cancer death rates than many other countries in Western Europe. In 1999, the UK government produced a White Paper called Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation that outlined a national target to reduce the death rate from cancer by at least 20% in people under 75 by 2010. The subsequent NHS Cancer Plan of 2000 designed a framework by which to achieve this target through effective prevention, screening, and treatment programmes as well as restructuring and developing new diagnostic and treatment facilities. But do we know enough about the biology of the development of cancer for government health policies alone to force dramatic changes in survival? The science behind the causes of cancer tells us that its origin lies in acquired or inherited genetic abnormalities. Inherited gene mutation syndromes and exposure to environmental mutagens cause cancer, largely through abnormalities in DNA repair mechanisms, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Although screening those thought to be at highest risk, and regulating exposure to environmental carcinogens such as tobacco or ionizing radiation, have reduced, and will continue to reduce, cancer deaths, there are many other environmental factors that have been shown to increase the population risk of cancer. These will be outlined in this chapter. However, the available evidence is largely from retrospective and cross-sectional population-based studies and therefore limits the ability to apply this knowledge to the risk of the individual patient who may been seen in clinic. Although we may be able to put him or her into a high-, intermediate-, or low-risk category, the question ‘will I get cancer, doc?’ is one that we cannot answer with certainty. The NHS Cancer Plan of 2000, designed to reduce cancer deaths in this country and to bring UK treatment results in line with those other countries in Europe, focuses on preventing malignancy as part of its comprehensive cancer management strategy. It highlights that the rich are less likely to develop cancer, and will survive longer if they are diagnosed than those who live in poverty. This may reflect available treatment options, but is more likely to be related to the lifestyle of those with regular work, as they may be more health aware. The Cancer Plan, however, suggests that relieving poverty may be more labour intensive and less rewarding than encouraging positive risk-reducing behaviour in all members of the population. Eating well can reduce the risk of developing many cancers, particularly of the stomach and bowel. The Cancer Plan outlines the ‘Five-a-Day’ programme which was rolled out in 2002 and encouraged people to eat at least five portions of fruit and vegetables per day. Obese people are also at higher risk of cancers, in particular endometrial cancer. A good diet and regular exercise not only reduce obesity but are also independent risk-reducing factors. Alcohol misuse is thought to be a major risk factor in around 3% of all cancers, with the highest risk for cancers of the mouth and throat. As part of the Cancer Plan, the Department of Health promotes physical activity and general health programmes, as well as alcohol and smoking programmes, particularly in deprived areas. Focusing on these healthy lifestyle points can potentially reduce an individual lifetime risk of all cancers. However, our knowledge of the biology of four cancers in particular has led to the development of specific life-saving interventions. Outlined in this chapter are details regarding ongoing prevention strategies for carcinomas of the lung, the breast, the bowel, and the cervix.

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