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Journal articles on the topic 'Petroleum products Prices Computer simulation'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Karpova, Tatiana S., Vladimir I. Moiseev, and Vera A. Ksenofontova. "Simulation of the circulation method for discharging viscous petroleum products." Transportation Systems and Technology 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20206294-105.

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Background: In the domestic market, the consumption of fuel oil increases during the winter period, leading to higher prices. At the same time, the cost of inputs and the time for the discharge of viscous oil products are greatly increased. The duration of the discharge process is related to the physico-chemical properties of the fuel oil. Its viscosity depends on the temperature of the product itself and the temperature of the environment, which in our country averages 5.5 C per year. Aim: Reduction in the length and cost of transport of viscous petroleum products. Methods: The article proposes a new method for the carriage of viscous petroleum products by rail, ensuring that their fluidity is preserved without the use of thermal insulation of the boiler of the tank-wagon and the means for carrying the heating. Simulation models of the processes of pouring out viscous petroleum products for a traditional and new method of pouring in the circulation method of discharge of viscous petroleum products, which make it possible to estimate the quantity of resources consumed, are constructed. Results: The work shows the peculiarities of the existing process of discharging viscous petroleum products. Simulation and functional-cost analysis of the discharge process were carried out under the circulatory method for heating viscous petroleum products. The results were compared. Conclusion: In the new pouring method, the discharge process is similar to the summer period.
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2

Kalinichenko, Antonina, Valerii Havrysh, and Igor Atamanyuk. "The Acceptable Alternative Vehicle Fuel Price." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 3889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203889.

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Historically, petroleum fuels have been the dominant fuel used for land transport. However, the growing need for sustainable national economics has urged us to incorporate more economical and ecological alternative vehicle fuels. The advantages and disadvantages of them complicate the decision-making process and compel us to develop adequate mathematical methods. Alternative fuel (compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and ethanol fuel mixtures), the standard prices and their ratios were investigated. A mathematical model to determine a critical ratio between alternative and conventional fuel prices had already been developed. The results of this were investigated. The results showed that the critical ratio is not a linear function on annual conventional fuel consumption costs. According to our simulation gaseous fuels were economically more attractive. Whereas, the use of bioethanol blends had more risk.
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3

Radmehr, Riza, and Shida Rastegari Henneberry. "Energy Price Policies and Food Prices: Empirical Evidence from Iran." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 4031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13154031.

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During the last decade, the rising trend in energy prices and its potential effect on food prices have become a controversial issue between policy-makers and economists. Therefore, research addressing the relationship between food and macroeconomic variables, such as energy prices, will be useful in providing information for the design of appropriate economic policies. This study uses data from Iran to examine the impacts (short- and long-term) of exchange rate and energy prices on food prices. Iran is a good case study as in recent years its consumers have faced a rapid increase in both fuel and food prices. The variables employed in this study are the prices of ten food products, exchange rate (the value of Iranian rial per US dollar), and petroleum prices. All data in this study are from the Statistical Centre of Iran (SCI). We employ the panel unit root test, Pedroni co-integration tests, Pooled Mean Group (PMG), Mean Group (MG), and Dynamic Fixed Effects (DFE) estimation techniques, applied to a panel of monthly prices for ten food products for the period of March 1995 to February 2018. Results show that in both the short- and long-run, food prices would increase in response to an increase in energy prices. Findings also suggest that the appreciation of the United States Dollar (USD) in terms of the Iranian rial exerts a positive and significant impact on food prices in the long run.
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Nkomo, JC. "The impact of higher oil prices on Southern African countries." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 17, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2006/v17i1a3373.

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In determining the magnitude of oil shocks to the economies of Southern Africa, it is essential that we examine the various components of vulnerability, as well as the crude oil price movements and the relationship between energy and development. Because energy consumers and producers are constrained by their energy consuming appliances which are fixed n the short-run, thus making it difficult to shift to less oil intensive means of production in response to higher oil prices, oil price shocks increase the total import bill for a country largely because of the huge increase in the cost of oil and petroleum products. Low-income countries and poorer households tend to suffer the largest impact from oil price rise
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5

Balubaid, Mohammed, Mohammad Amir Sattari, Osman Taylan, Ahmed A. Bakhsh, and Ehsan Nazemi. "Applications of Discrete Wavelet Transform for Feature Extraction to Increase the Accuracy of Monitoring Systems of Liquid Petroleum Products." Mathematics 9, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 3215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9243215.

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This paper presents a methodology to monitor the liquid petroleum products which pass through transmission pipes. A simulation setup consisting of an X-ray tube, a detector, and a pipe was established using a Monte Carlo n-particle X-version transport code to investigate a two-by-two mixture of four different petroleum products, namely, ethylene glycol, crude oil, gasoline, and gasoil, in deferent volumetric ratios. After collecting the signals of each simulation, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was applied as the feature extraction system. Then, the statistical feature, named the standard deviation, was calculated from the approximation of the fifth level, and the details of the second to fifth level provide appropriate inputs for neural network training. Three multilayer perceptron neural networks were utilized to predict the volume ratio of three types of petroleum products, and the volume ratio of the fourth product could easily be obtained from the results of the three presented networks. Finally, a root mean square error of less than 1.77 was obtained in predicting the volume ratio, which was much more accurate than in previous research. This high accuracy was due to the use of DWT for feature extraction.
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6

Vasilica, Florentina-Aurelia, Fanel-Viorel Panaitescu, Mariana Panaitescu, Ionut Voicu, Daniela-Elena Juganaru, and Valeriu Nicolae Panaitescu. "SIMULATION OF RISK MINIMIZATION IN CASE OF POLLUTION ON MARINE AREAS." International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies 14, no. 3 (December 20, 2022): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2022.14.3.291.

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In this paper are presented the results obtained from a simulation of a pollution situation with crude oil products and the efficiency of the use of hydrocarbon recovery systems. In the event of major pollution accidents, in which the oil moves and touches the sandy drum, the only way of disposing is to load the polluted sand and to bring another in place, very costly and difficult operation. So, recovering a large amount of oil offshore is highly recommended. The phenomenon that governess the dynamics of pollution has been simulated using CFD (Computer Fluid Dynamics) and involves as follows: - In the first phase, the oil stain extends as the surface and thinning as thickness (thickness); -In the second phase, the mixing of hydrocarbon with water occurs, and the mixture becomes more and more difficult and no longer floats but moves immerse, but not less dangerous for the marine flora/fauna. This second phenomenon is favored by the state of the sea (the excitement of the water due to the waves). At the same time part of the hydrocarbon is volatile in the air, proportional with the temperature of water and air. Results of simulation are: a) the evolution of the quantity of petroleum product discharged during the simulation; b) the evolution of the quantity of evaporated petroleum product; c) the variation of the maximum thickness of the oil product film; d the variation of polluted surface; e) the variation of the quantity of petroleum product recovered; f) minimizing the risks of pollution by simulating scenarios with PISCES II software. The simulations on the movement and evolution of the oil film on the water surface are necessary for assessing the environmental impact, assessing the response time of the authorities in emergencies, assessing the situation, establishing The most sustainable strategies for limiting the scattering and isolation of petroleum products and the use of the most appropriate methods of response for the removal of petroleum products from the surface of the sea water or the shoreline.
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7

Wan, Zhaoman, Saihua Zhu, and Zhong Wan. "An integrated stochastic model and algorithm for multi-product newsvendor problems." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 11, no. 04 (July 2, 2020): 2050027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962320500270.

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In this paper, a multi-product newsvendor problem is formulated as a random nonlinear integrated optimization model by taking into consideration the selling price, the producing and outsourcing quantities, and the nonlinear budget constraint. Different from the existing models, the demands of products depend on the prices, as well as being time-varying due to random market fluctuation. In addition, outsourcing strategy is adopted to deal with possible shortage caused by the limited capacity. Consequently, the constructed model is involved with joint optimization of the producing and outsourcing quantities, and the selling prices of all the products. For this model with continuous random demands, we first transform it into a nonlinear programming problem by expectation method. Then, an efficient algorithm, called the feasible-direction-based spectral conjugate gradient algorithm, is developed to find a robust solution of the model. By case study and sensitivity analysis, some interesting conclusions are drawn as follows: (a) Budget is a critical constraint for optimizing the decision-making of the retailer, and there exist different threshold values of the budget for the substitute and complementarity scenarios. (b) The price sensitivity matrix seriously affects the maximal expected profit mainly through affecting the optimal outsourcing quantity.
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8

ZHU, JISHAN. "PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF FREE UPGRADE POLICY." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 07, no. 02 (June 2008): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622008002910.

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We consider a firm selling two similar products with different prices. When the lower-priced product is out of stock, the firm supplies the customer a higher-priced product with the lower-priced product price. The policy is called free upgrade. In this paper, we study the profitability of such policy. We formulate the problem as a two-product newsvendor problem, and prove that the firm achieves more profit with the free upgrade policy. We propose a simulation algorithm to find the solution and demonstrate our findings with some numerical examples.
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9

Xue, Qianyi, Yuewei Ling, and Bingwei Tian. "Portfolio Optimization Model for Gold and Bitcoin Based on Weighted Unidirectional Dual-Layer LSTM Model and SMA-Slope Strategy." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (June 8, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1869897.

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Portfolio optimization is one of the most complex problems in the financial field, and technical analysis is a popular tool to find an optimal solution that maximizes the yields. This paper establishes a portfolio optimization model consisting of a weighted unidirectional dual-layer LSTM model and an SMA-slope strategy. The weighted unidirectional dual-layer LSTM model is developed to predict the daily prices of gold/Bitcoin, which addresses the traditional problem of prediction lag. Based on the predicted prices and comparison of two representative investment strategies, simple moving average (SMA) and Bollinger bands (BB), this paper adopts a new investment strategy, SMA-slope strategy, which introduces the concept of k-slope to measure the daily ups and downs of gold/Bitcoin. As two typical financial products, gold and Bitcoin are opposite in terms of their characteristics, which may represent many existing financial products in investors’ portfolios. With a principle of $1000, this paper conducts a five-year simulation of gold and Bitcoin trading from 11 September 2016 to 10 September 2021. To compensate for the SMA and BB that may miss buying and selling points, 4 different parameters’ values in the k-slope are obtained through particle swarm optimization simulation. Also, the simulation results imply that the proposed portfolio optimization model contributes to helping investors make investment decisions with high profitability.
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10

Ghaithan, Ahmed M., Ahmed M. Attia, and Salih O. Duffuaa. "A multi-objective model for an integrated oil and natural gas supply chain under uncertainty." RAIRO - Operations Research 55, no. 6 (November 2021): 3427–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021158.

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The oil and gas networks are overlapped because of the inclusion of associated gas in crude oil. This necessitates the integration and planning of oil and gas supply chain together. In recent years, hydrocarbon market has experienced high fluctuation in demands and prices which leads to considerable economic disruptions. Therefore, planning of oil and gas supply chain, considering market uncertainty is a significant area of research. In this regard, this study develops a multi-objective stochastic optimization model for tactical planning of downstream segment of oil and natural gas supply chain under uncertainty of price and demand of petroleum products. The proposed model was formulated based on a two-stage stochastic programming approach with a finite number of realizations. The proposed model helps to assess various trade-offs among the selected goals and guides decision maker(s) to effectively manage oil and natural gas supply chain. The applicability and the utility of the proposed model has been demonstrated using the case of Saudi Arabia oil and gas supply chain. The model is solved using the improved augmented ε-constraint algorithm. The impact of uncertainty of price and demand of petroleum products on the obtained results was investigated. The Value of Stochastic Solution (VSS) for total cost, total revenue, and service level reached a maximum of 12.6%, 0.4%, and 6.2% of wait-and see solutions, respectively. Therefore, the Value of the Stochastic Solution proved the importance of using stochastic programming approach over deterministic approach. In addition, the obtained results indicate that uncertainty in demand has higher impact on the oil and gas supply chain performance than the price.
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11

Covaci, Florina Livia, and Pascale Zaraté. "Modelling decision making in digital supply chains: insights from the petroleum industry." Kybernetes 49, no. 4 (May 31, 2019): 1213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-10-2018-0565.

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Purpose This paper aims to overcome some of the limitations of previous works regarding automated supply chain formation (SCF). Hence, it proposes an algorithm for automated SCF using multiple contract parameters. Moreover, it proposes a decision-making mechanism that provides means for incorporating risk in the decision-making process. To better emphasize the features of the proposed decision-making mechanism, the paper provides some insights from the petroleum industry. This industry has a strategic position, as it is the base for other essential activities of the economy of any country. The petroleum industry is faced with volatile feed-stock costs, cyclical product prices and seasonal final products demand. Design/methodology/approach The authors have modeled the supply chain in terms of a cluster graph where the nodes are represented by clusters over the contract parameters that suppliers/consumers are interested in. The suppliers/consumers own utility functions and agree on multiple contract parameters by message exchange, directly with other participant agents, representing their potential buyer or seller. The agreed values of the negotiated issues are reflected in a contract which has a certain utility value for every agent. They consider uncertainties in crude oil prices and demand in petrochemical products and model the decision mechanism for a refinery by using an influence diagram. Findings By integrating the automated SCF algorithm and a mechanism for decision support under uncertainty, the authors propose a reliable and practical decision-making model with a practical application not only in the petroleum industry but also in any other complex industry involving a multi-tier supply chain. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this approach reveals in situations where the parameters can take values over continuous domains. In these cases, storing the preferences for every agent might need a considerable amount of memory depending on the size of the continuous domain; hence, the proposed approach might encounter efficiency issues. Practical implications The current paper makes a step forward to the implementation of digital supply chains in the context of Industry 4.0. The proposed algorithm and decision-making mechanism become powerful tools that will enable machines to make autonomous decisions in the digital supply chain of the future. Originality/value The current work proposes a decentralized mechanism for automated SCF. As opposed to the previous decentralized approaches, this approach translates the SCF optimization problem not as a profit maximization problem but as a utility maximization. Hence, it incorporates multiple parameters and uses utility functions to find the optimal supply chain. The current approach is closer to real life scenarios than the previous approaches that were using only cost as a mean for pairwise agents because it uses utility functions for entities in the supply chain to make decision. Moreover, this approach overcomes the limitations of previous approaches by providing means to incorporate risk in the decision-making mechanism.
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12

Lee, Chanyong, Jaesung Bae, Yohan Noh, Han-Goo Cho, Young-Gi Hong, Hongsub Jee, and Jaehyeong Lee. "Automatic Pressure Gelation Analysis for Insulating Spacer of Gas Insulated Switchgear Manufactured by Bio-Based Epoxy Composite." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 10202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010202.

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In the case of the existing power equipment business, a variety of insulation and accessories is manufactured with petroleum-based epoxy resins. However, as petrochemical resources are gradually limited and concerns about the environment and economy grow, the power equipment industry has recently studied many insulating materials using bio-based epoxy to replace petroleum feedstock-based products in order to produce insulators using eco-friendly materials. In this paper, the simulation of the automatic pressure gelation process was performed by obtaining parameter values of curing kinetics and chemical rheology through physical properties analysis of bio-based epoxy complexes and applying them to Moldflow software. The simulation results were compared and analyzed according to the temperature control of each heater in the mold, while considering the total curing time, epoxy flow, and curing condition. A temperature condition of 140 °C/140 °C/135 °C/135 °C/130 °C/130 °C/120 °C/120 °C provided the optimal curing conditions. Based on the temperature conditions of the simulation results, the actual GIS spacer was manufactured, and x-ray inspection was performed to check the moldability.
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13

Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Javier Ibáñez, and Francisco J. Alcalá. "AQUACOAST: A Simulation Tool to Explore Coastal Groundwater and Irrigation Farming Interactions." Scientific Programming 2020 (May 14, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9092829.

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In the framework of coastal groundwater-dependent irrigation agriculture, modelling becomes indispensable to know how this renewable resource responds to complex (usually not conceptualized nor monitored) biophysical, social, and economic interactions. Friendly user interfaces are essential to involve nonmodeling experts in exploiting and improving models. Decision support systems (DSS) are software systems that integrate models, databases, or other decision aids and package them in a way that decision makers can use. This paper addresses these two issues: firstly with the implementation of a System Dynamics (SD) model in Vensim software that considers the integration of hydrological, agronomic, and economic drivers and secondly with the design of a Venapp, push-button interfaces that allow users access to a Vensim model without going through the Vensim modelling environment. The prototype designed, the AQUACOAST tool, gives an idea of the possibilities of this type of models to identify and analyze the impact of apparently unrelated factors such as the prices of cultivated products, subsidies or exploitation costs on the advance of saltwater intrusion, and the great threat to coastal groundwater-dependent irrigation agriculture systems.
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14

Zhang, Ling, and Zheng Zhang. "Research on Dynamic and Complexity of Duopoly Price Strategies between Low-Carbon and Nonlow-Carbon Products under Cap-and-Trade Policies." Complexity 2021 (November 18, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4898758.

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This paper studies the complexity of the pricing system for the production of low-carbon and nonlow-carbon products in a market composed of duopoly manufacturers under the cap-and-trade policies. Through nonlinear system theory and numerical derivation and simulation, it considers the influence of different market power structures, carbon trading prices, consumer environmental awareness, and other factors on price decisions, carbon emission decisions, profits, and system stability. The influence of price adjustment parameters and unit product carbon emission decision adjustment parameters on the complexity of the pricing system under different market power structures is analyzed. And, it was found that compared with the variable feedback chaos control method, the parameter adjustment chaos control method is more effective in controlling the pricing system in this paper. Our research provides management implications for market competition and operational decision-making for low-carbon and nonlow-carbon products.
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15

Roshani, G. H., and E. Nazemi. "Intelligent densitometry of petroleum products in stratified regime of two phase flows using gamma ray and neural network." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 58 (December 2017): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2017.09.007.

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16

Burlacu, P. "The practical design of automation and monitoring petroleum products transfer system from a tankship." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XIV, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-21-i2-015.

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This project is designed to simulate a transfer of oil liquids from an oil tanker. This practical project presents an easy method of realizing such a system with the observance of the safety conditions. The software that underlies the operation of the Arduino Mega development board used in the project is exposed.
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17

Liang, Yijie, Tongjian Wang, Xin Wang, Weiquan Liang, and Xinhui Liu. "Simulation research on hydraulic hybrid assistant beam pumping unit." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 11 (April 28, 2015): 1795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215584631.

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Conventional beam pumping units have occupied an important position in oilfield equipment due to such characteristics as simple structure, high reliability, simple operation, easy maintenance, and so on. In fact, there are about 90,000 sets of beam pumping units in China. However, the unbalanced structure of the beam pumping units cannot be entirely eliminated because of the inherent geometry and mechanical properties of four-bar linkage, that is the electromotor equivalent torque ripple cannot be absorbed or eliminated by counterweight in up-and-down travels, which causes the electromotor to work under greatly changed load rate with low power factor and high energy consumption. The mechanical relationship of a conventional beam pumping unit was derived first, and then parameters of a basic structure were optimized through dynamic optimization. On this basis, the hydraulic hybrid solution was proposed, and a secondary balance was conducted on the optimal pumping unit electrometer’s load torque. Computer simulation model was established to carry out a system dynamic analysis and the results showed that the scheme can reduce the motor load torque ripple, improve motor load rate and power factor, and reduce motor power effectively. It may bring tremendous decrease of electricity cost and have great significance for oilfield equipment energy saving, oil extraction cost reduction, and promotion of petroleum products’ competitiveness.
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18

Konopatskiy, Evgeny, and Oksana Shevchuk. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF METAL STRUCTURES USING GEOMETRIC INTERPOLANTS." Automation and modeling in design and management 2022, no. 2 (June 22, 2022): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2658-6436-2022-2-61-71.

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The work is devoted to carrying out multidimensional interpolation and approximation methods for the numerical solution of differential equations and computer model development of the stress-strain state of metal structures. The core of the work is a fundamental computational algorithm for the numerical solution of differential equations using geometric interpolants on regular and irregular networks. On its basis, computational experiments are carried out on numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of operated reservoirs for storing petroleum products, which form a software package implemented in the Maple interpreter. At the same time, the differential equation for modelling the stress-strain state of an elastic cylindrical shell under axisymmetric loading is improved for the numerical analysis of the stress-strain state of a cylindrical reservoir with geometric imperfections. Also a new approach is proposed to take into consideration the initial conditions of the differential equation, which consists of parallel transfer of the numerical solution to the point, its coordinates correspond to the initial conditions. The advantage of the proposed approach for the numerical solution of differential equations using geometric interpolants is that it eliminates the need to coordinate geometric information in the process of interaction between CAD and FEA systems, by analogy with the isogeometric method.
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Gu, Ruitao, Qingjuan Chen, and Qiaoyun Zhang. "Portfolio Selection with respect to the Probabilistic Preference in Variable Risk Appetites: A Double-Hierarchy Analysis Method." Complexity 2021 (April 17, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5512770.

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Traditional portfolio selection models mainly obtain the optimized portfolio ratio by focusing on the prices of financial products. However, investors’ multiple preferences and risk appetites are also significant factors that should be taken into account. In consideration of these two factors simultaneously, we propose a double-hierarchy model in this paper. Specifically, the first hierarchy quantifies investors’ risk appetite based on a historical simulation method and probabilistic preference theory. This hierarchy can be utilized to describe investors’ variable risk appetites and ensure the obtained investment ratios meet investors’ immediate risk requirements. Then, using the cross-efficiency evaluation principle, the optimal investment ratios can be derived by fusing investors’ multiple preferences and risk appetites in the second hierarchy. Lastly, an illustrative example about evaluating the 10 largest capitalized stocks on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange is given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of our newly proposed model. We make the theoretical contribution to improve the traditional portfolio selection model, especially considering investors’ subjective preferences and risk appetite. Moreover, the proposed model can be practical for assisting investors with their investment strategies in real life.
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Filina, Alena, Alla Nikitina, and Yulia Belova. "Development and numerical implementation of an algorithm for simulation the pollutant transport in water environment taking into account their destruction and deposition." E3S Web of Conferences 363 (2022): 02030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236302030.

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The paper covers the development of an algorithm for modeling the pollutant distribution dynamics in shallow water and its implementation on a high-performance computer system in a limited time. A mathematical model of the pollutant transport, including oil and petroleum products, in the water environment has been developed taking into account a number of determining hydrodynamic and hydrophysical factors, including destruction and deposition, affecting the nature of their flow. Methods of its numerical implementation have been developed for prediction the pollution spread in shallow waters in limited time on a high-performance computer system. The main advantage of it in predictive modeling of environment processes and phenomena is taking into account the multidisciplinary nature of real processes, the complex geometry of simulated domain, ensuring high accuracy of calculations, performing a large number of calculations in a short time. Simulation of the pollutant transport of various etiologies was performed taking into account a number of determining factors, including their structure and deposition on the bottom surface, on the basis of the developed software and algorithmic tools. It used a scenario approach that meets the basic principles of effective predictive modeling in water systems. The simulation results are the foundation for planning and conducting measures to prevent and eliminate the consequences of technogenic hazards.
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R., Boşneagu. "Seaborne chemical trade prospects." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXI, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-18-i2-009.

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The number of chemical products transported by sea is very high. They have different physical and chemical properties, and thus come together in very different ways when they are released into the water. In response, the environmental modeling impact is difficult, and consequently, the co-operation and preparation for potential accidents are particularly essential. The high demand for chemical substances due to a high volume of transport, which is worldwide continually growing. The chemical products transport is different from the oils and petroleum products transport and requires special vessels, specialized equipment, and complicated handling, but also the specialized training of the company, both theoretically and practically. Those involved need to understand the nature of the different substances and to be aware of the possible perils involved in their manipulation. Maritime transport of goods implies enormous costs and requires significant investments. Therefore, governments impose stricter regulations and restrictions on environmental protection. It is expected that such regulations will restrict the market in the long run. It is also expected that geopolitical issues and political instability will limit the offer for chemical products transport.
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Nikkeh, Nada Salman, Suhair Muafaq Abdulhussein, and Mohammed Ali Mohammed. "Implementation of the decision making along with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approaches in the assessment of the petroleum products cost based on the statical model." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 13(118) (August 31, 2022): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.263192.

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In this study, the investigation of the decision-making strategy was used to select the alternative that was finally adopted in the crude oil refining process. This strategy was used to select the option that was ultimately implemented in the process. The Doura industrial refinery was the source of the information that was acquired for the analysis. The super decision software was applied in order to carry out an examination of the PDS components. After going through the process of refining, one can get the items on the following list: There are five main types of petroleum products, and they are: gasoline, gas oil, liquid gas, black oil, and white oil. Gasoline is the most common type of petroleum product. In order for the parameters to be optimally accommodated by the solution that is finally decided to be the most practical one, the analytic hierarchy process, also known as AHP, technique has been applied. This has been done in conjunction with the parameter determination system, or PDS. This has been done in order to reach the maximum potential level of productivity in the most efficient manner. As a result of the fact that this was the circumstance, a probe into the preliminary phase of the project was carried out, which in the end resulted in the expenditure of a grand total of 3969463 USD. This was determined by taking into account the costs of running the firm in addition to the prices of the raw materials that were utilized in the production process. In addition, the output of the refining process was not only dependent on the price and quantity of the product, but also on the amount of product that was actually sold. This meant that the cost and quantity of the product were not the only factors that determined the output. In order to determine what should be done during the process of making an estimate of what should be done in order to arrive at the response that was going to be the most advantageous taking everything into consideration, a mathematical model was applied as part of the process.
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Gan, Wei, and Bo Huang. "Exploring Data Integrity of Dual-Channel Supply Chain Using Blockchain Technology." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (May 18, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3838282.

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The study intends to solve the problems of complex product circulation caused by information asymmetry and the untimely communication of production and sales information in the process of product sales to reduce the cost in the process of product circulation. Based on blockchain technology, the data integrity of the dual-channel supply chain is studied. First, the data of the supply chain conduct coordinated management to achieve the integrity of the supply chain data. Then, under the background that both retailers and suppliers are risk-neutral individuals, the benchmark model of the dual-channel supply chain is constructed, and the online and offline sales prices of products under different decision-making modes are analyzed. Finally, taking fresh agricultural products as an example, the sales strategies of the online and offline sales channels of fresh agricultural products are studied, and a dual-channel supply chain model is constructed. The profit of each member in the supply chain system under this model is obtained by the inverse method. The simulation results demonstrate that the retailer’s revenue and the total revenue of the system increase obviously with the growth of the price discount coefficient after the price discount strategy is applied. When the compensation cost is between 1,000 and 3,000, the profit of retailers in the supply chain system is improved by using the price coordination mechanism, while the profit of suppliers decreases to some extent. When the value of compensation cost is 7,000–9,000, the application of the price coordination mechanism increases the profit of suppliers in the supply chain system, while the profit of retailers declines to a certain extent. The research content reported here effectively alleviates the profit conflict and the double marginal effect between the two channels and enriches the theoretical system knowledge of the coordination of the two channels’ supply chain of agricultural products.
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24

Wang, Dafei, Tinghai Ren, Xueyan Zhou, Kaifu Yuan, and Qingren He. "Dynamic Contract Design of Product-Service Supply Chain considering Consumers’ Strategic Behavior and Service Quality." Complexity 2021 (July 8, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6848971.

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With increasing market competition and rapid development of service economy, more and more enterprises are shifting from providing products or services to providing product-service systems (PSSs) that integrate products and services, in order to improve competitiveness and profitability. Meanwhile, consumers have strategic delayed purchasing behavior when purchasing the PSS and high requirements for service quality. This paper investigates the two-period pricing and service quality decisions of product-service supply chain (PSSC) considering consumers’ strategic behavior under decentralized and centralized scenarios. The equilibrium results are compared in two scenarios. In order to eliminate performance loss under the decentralized scenario, we design two-period dynamic contracts to coordinate the PSSC. Furthermore, numerical simulation is provided to verify the feasibility of the contracts. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) the higher the service input-efficiency, the more beneficial for alleviating consumers’ strategic purchase behavior under two scenarios, but this mitigation effect is more obvious under the centralized scenario. (2) Compared with the centralized scenario, the service quality is lower, the two-period PSS sales prices are higher, and the two-period profit is lower under the decentralized scenario. The proportion of service valuation (accounts for the valuation of PSS) will promote the widening of the service quality gap under two scenarios, but in some cases, the service input-efficiency will weaken the promotion effect of the proportion of service valuation. (3) The design of the two-period combined contracts depends on the proportion of service valuation. When the proportion of service valuation is high, the “two-period revenue sharing + service-cost sharing” combined dynamic contract can achieve PSSC perfect coordination. However, when the proportion of service valuation is low, it is necessary to design complexity combined dynamic contract which can achieve PSSC perfect coordination.
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Fernandes, Ana, Luísa Cruz-Lopes, Yuliya Dulyanska, Idalina Domingos, José Ferreira, Dmitry Evtuguin, and Bruno Esteves. "Eco Valorization of Eucalyptus globulus Bark and Branches through Liquefaction." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 3775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083775.

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Eucalyptus globulus forest residues, bark, and branches, were characterized by wet chemistry methods and involved in the liquefaction process using a glycerol-ethylene glycol reaction mixture (1:1, v/v) catalyzed by strong mineral acid (3% H2SO4) or strong mineral base (6% KOH). The effect of the reaction conditions (temperature and duration) and the particle size on the yield of liquefied products have been evaluated. Acid catalysis revealed remarkably higher yields (25–50%) than when using basic catalyst. It was considered that bark was more vulnerable to liquefaction with respect to particle size than branches. Too high temperatures (>180 °C) are not advantageous regarding the liquefaction yields and, therefore, temperatures around 160–180 °C would be preferable. The best yield for the bark sample (>80 mesh fraction) was obtained at 180 °C for 60 min (61.6%), while for the branches the best yield was obtained at 160 °C for 60 min (62.2%). Under compromised conditions (180 °C for 60 min), the fine fraction (>80 mesh) of bark and branches did not show significant differences between their liquefaction yields and can be processed together while adjusting the suitable processing time. The main advantage of the use of these residues instead of solid wood is that it would bring the Forest managing companies a much higher income for their wastes that are usually burned and the use of lignocellulosic materials in detriment of petroleum-based materials for the production of polymers would make industry less dependent on oil prices fluctuations.
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26

Contreras-Ropero, Jefferson E., Silvia L. Ruiz-Roa, Janet B. García-Martínez, Néstor A. Urbina-Suarez, Germán L. López-Barrera, Andrés F. Barajas-Solano, and Antonio Zuorro. "A Simulation Analysis of an Influenza Vaccine Production Plant in Areas of High Humanitarian Flow. A Preliminary Study for the Region of Norte de Santander (Colombia)." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010183.

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The production of vaccines of biological origin presents a tremendous challenge for researchers. In this context, animal cell cultures are an excellent alternative for the isolation and production of biologicals against several viruses, since they have an affinity with viruses and a great capacity for their replicability. Different variables have been studied to know the system’s ideal parameters, allowing it to obtain profitable and competitive products. Consequently, this work focuses its efforts on evaluating an alternative for producing an anti-influenza biological from MDCK cells using SuperPro Designer v8.0 software. The process uses the DMEN culture medium supplemented with nutrients as raw material for cell development; the MDCK cells were obtained from a potential scale-up with a final working volume of 500 L, four days of residence time, inoculum volume of 10%, and continuous working mode with up to a total of 7400 h/Yr of work. The scheme has the necessary equipment for the vaccine’s production, infection, and manufacture with yields of up to 416,698 units/h. In addition, it was estimated to be economically viable to produce recombinant vaccines with competitive prices of up to 0.31 USD/unit.
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27

Yang, Shaochun, Ya Wang, Shiqi Zhang, Yongchao Wang, Yifan Zhang, and Yongfu Zhao. "Controls on Reservoirs Quality of the Upper Jurassic Mengyin Formation Sandstones in Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030646.

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The Upper Jurassic Mengyin Formation sandstones are important targets for petroleum exploration in Dongying Depression of Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China. Although the current burial depth of the Upper Jurassic Mengyin Formation sandstones is shallow (900–2500 m), the reservoir rocks are characterized by low porosity and low permeability due to the complex diagenetic modifications after deposition. Experimental tests and statistical methods, such as thin section, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cathodoluminescence (CL), high pressure mercury injection (HPMI) and fluid inclusion analysis are conducted to delineate the mineralogical, petrographic and petro-physical characteristics. Results show that physical and chemical processes, including burial depth, burial and thermal history and pore fluid evolution, are both important for the diagenetic modifications that result in a variety changes in pore system and reservoir quality. According to numerical simulation of porosity evolution during lengthy burial and thermal history, porosity loss due to the early deep burial process under the high paleo-geothermal gradient can reach about 20%. Moreover, the burial history (effective stress and temperature) has a better guidance to reservoir quality prediction compared with current burial depth. The extensive compaction in sandstones also resulted in extremely low pore fluid flow during subsequent diagenetic processes, thus, the reaction products of dissolution cannot be removed, which would be precipitated as carbonate cements during stable reburial phase. Dissolution resulted from uncomformity-related meteoric flushing have been the most important porosity-enhancing factor in Mengyin Formation sandstones in spite of low thin section porosity averaged out to 3.22%. Secondary pores derived from dissolution of unstable silicates are more likely to develop in sandstones near the regional unconformity. The oil source fault activities may enhance the heterogeneity of reservoir rocks and control the reservoir quality by inducing micro-fractures and providing the main pathways for hydrocarbon migration.
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28

Lin, Yu. "Digital Transformation Path for Manufacturing Enterprises Using Internet of Things and Data Encryption Technology." Scientific Programming 2022 (July 18, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6862999.

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Innovation in products or services is crucial for industrial manufacturing businesses in countries that prioritize exports. A plethora of advancements based on the internet of things (IoT) applications has been made possible by the falling prices of processing power, communication, and electrical components. Only a small number of industrial manufacturing enterprise-specific IoT applications have been effective yet. The present literature does not fully explain this scenario, which is very necessary for taking the advantage of IoT in manufacturing enterprises. In order to adapt to the change in digital market demand and enhance the market competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises, this paper aims to study the digital transformation path of manufacturing enterprises based on the internet of things (IoT) and data encryption technology. A digital transformation service system is built for manufacturing enterprises based on the IoT and data encryption technology to help manufacturing enterprises fully understand their own digital degree, provide effective suggestions for the digital transformation, and introduce the overall architecture and functional structure of the service system in detail. A distributed intelligent recommendation method is proposed that is based on personalized customization and recommends transformation schemes for businesses in order to better direct users’ product customization and decision-making and allow the users to accurately describe their own needs, improve customization efficiency, introduce intelligent recommendation methods, and strengthen the basis of collaborative filtering methods based on items. The simulation result demonstrates that the service system proposed in this study performed really well in terms of both accuracy and time consumption. It is anticipated that the suggested approach will successfully raise the digital maturity of manufacturing companies and will help them in increasing their ability to compete in the current market.
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Martins, Gilberto, Sara Campos, Ana Ferreira, Rita Castro, Maria Salomé Duarte, and Ana J. Cavaleiro. "A Mathematical Model for Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (November 1, 2022): 11069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111069.

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Bioremediation of hydrocarbons in soil is a highly complex process, involving a multiplicity of physical, chemical and biological phenomena. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to control and boost the bioremediation of these systems after an oil spill. A mathematical model was developed to assist in the prediction and decision-making regarding the in situ bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. The model considered the most relevant processes involved in the mass transfer and biodegradation of alkanes over time and along the depth of a flooded soil column. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were chosen since they are less water soluble than aromatics and account for 50–90% of the hydrocarbon fraction in several petroleum products. The effect of adding oxygen, nitrate, iron (III) or sulfate as electron acceptors was then simulated (bioremediation scenarios). Additionally, and to feed the model, batch assays were performed to obtain experimental data on hydrocarbon adsorption to soil particles (more than 60% of hydrocarbons tends to be adsorbed to soil particles), as well as hydrocarbon biodegradation rates in the presence of nitrate (0.114 d−1) and oxygen (0.587 d−1). The model indicates that saturated hydrocarbon removal occurs mainly with adsorption/desorption and transport processes in the upper layers of soil due to methanogenic biodegradation in deeper layers, since the other microbial processes are soon limited by the lack of electron acceptors. Simulation results show that higher initial electron acceptor concentrations led to higher hydrocarbon removal, confirming that the model is performing in accordance with the expected. Close to the surface (at 0.1 m depth), all scenarios predicted more than 83% hydrocarbon removal after two years of simulation. Soil re-aeration results in faster hydrocarbon removal (more than 20% after one year) and surfactants addition (around 15% after one year) may also accelerate soil bioremediation. With this model, the simultaneous contributions of the various physicochemical and biological processes are integrated, facilitating the simulation and comparison of different bioremediation scenarios. Therefore, it represents a useful support tool for the management of contaminated sites.
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30

Zahid, Muhammad Arslan, Muhammad Ahsan, Iftikhar Ahmad, and Muhammad Nouman Aslam Khan. "Process Modeling, Optimization and Cost Analysis of a Sulfur Recovery Unit by Applying Pinch Analysis on the Claus Process in a Gas Processing Plant." Mathematics 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10010088.

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The Claus process is one of the promising technologies for acid gas processing and sulfur recovery. Hydrogen sulfide primarily exists as a byproduct in the gas processing unit. It must be removed from natural gas. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) notices that increasing SO2 and CO2 in the air harms the environment. Sulfur generally has an elemental content of 0.1–6 wt % in crude oil, but the value could be higher than 14% for some crude oils and asphalts. It produces SO2 and CO2 gases, which damage the environment and atmosphere of the earth, called primary pollutants. When SO2 gas is reacted with water in the atmosphere, it causes sulphur and nitric acid, called a secondary pollutant. The world countries started desulphurization in 1962 to reduce the amount of sulfur in petroleum products. In this research, the Claus process was modeled in Aspen Plus software (AspenTech, Bedford, MA, USA) and industrial data validated it. The Peng–Robinson method is used for the simulation of hydrocarbon components. The influence of oxygen gas concentration, furnace temperature, the temperature of the first catalytic reactor, and temperature of the second catalytic reactor on the Claus process were studied. The first objective of the research is process modeling and simulation of a chemical process. The second objective is optimizing the process. The optimization tool in the Aspen Plus is used to obtain the best operating parameters. The optimization results show that sulfur recovery increased to 18%. Parametric analysis is studied regarding operating parameters and design parameters for increased production of sulfur. Due to pinch analysis on the Claus process, the operating cost of the heat exchangers is reduced to 40%. The third objective is the cost analysis of the process. Before optimization, it is shown that the production of sulfur recovery increased. In addition, the recovery of sulfur from hydrogen sulfide gas also increased. After optimizing the process, it is shown that the cost of heating and cooling utilities is reduced. In addition, the size of equipment is reduced. The optimization causes 2.5% of the profit on cost analysis.
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31

Thorhaug, Anitra, Marcel Anderson, Howard J. Teas, Barbara Carby, Richard Reese, Karl Aiken, Wendy Walker, et al. "Dispersant use for Tropical Nearshore Waters: Jamaica." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1991, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1991-1-415.

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ABSTRACT Jamaica's shoreline is at the intersection of five major petroleum tanker shipping routes, and is a cargo transshipment point for the Caribbean. The natural coastline resources are valuable economically, with two-thirds of exchange dollars coming through tourism associated with beaches, clear waters, coral reefs, and nearshore fishing. The most thorough examination of the feasibility of using dispersants ever carried out in a developing nation has been undertaken. Dispersant toxicity of various species of critical matrix organisms has been carried out with an array of 12 dispersants. Corals, fish, seagrasses, and mangroves were tested. Toxic dispersants and three very low toxicity compounds were identified at concentrations ten times those likely to occur and ten times longer exposures. Thus, a safety factor was built in. A sensitivity map of the coastline was constructed. Simulations of “near-miss” tanker accidents were done manually with disperse and nondisperse options. A policy study of European and North American dispersant use was undertaken by the Office of Disaster Preparedness, the Coast Guard and the Oil Spill Committee. A draft policy was prepared for nontoxic dispersant use. The recommendations for use of nontoxic dispersants—with primarily coral reef and fish sensitivity as paramount concerns—are Cold Clean, Corexit 9550 and Finasol OSR7. Several European nations also have approved lists with Corexit 9550 (or allied products) and Finasol OSR-7. A computer simulation of all potential occurrences is the future goal.
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Chen, Tielong, Zhengyu Song, Y. Fan, Changzhong Hu, Ling Qiu, and Jinxing Tang. "A Pilot Test of Polymer Flooding in an Elevated-Temperature Reservoir." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 1, no. 01 (February 1, 1998): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/36708-pa.

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Summary We conducted a pilot test of polymer flooding in the Shuanghe reservoir located in the southeast Henan oil field, China. The target reservoir has a net thickness of 15.56 m (50 ft), an average permeability of 420 md, and a temperature of 75°C (167°F). The polymers used are two types of modified partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides, named S525 and S625, which have molecular weights of 16,700,000 and 19,670,000 daltons, respectively. The objective of this pilot test is to investigate the feasibility of polymer flooding for improving oil recovery in an elevated-temperature reservoir. The polymer flooding started in February 1994. Through December 1995, a total of 246 tons (about 0.5×106 lbm) of dry polymer had been used with an injection concentration of 900 to 1,100 ppm. The pore volume (PV) injected reached 0.2164. As a result, oil production increased by 22,000 tons (184,000 bbl) and water production decreased by 153,000 tons (962,000 bbl), which accounts for the incremental oil recovery of 3.8% and water-cut reduction of 5.6% in the test block. We estimate that, by the end of this project, the ultimate increase in oil production will exceed 63,000 tons (528,000 bbl) with the enhanced oil recovery going up to 9.8%. The yield is 0.2 tons more oil produced per kilogram of polymer injected or 0.7 barrel of oil produced per pound of polymer. We attribute the success of the pilot test to the techniques used during the implementation of the flooding, including prevention of polymer-thermal degradation, good reservoir description, and the profile modification carried out before and after the polymer injection. This pilot test illustrates a case where polymers with extra-high molecular weight are successfully injected in an elevated-temperature reservoir to control the mobility ratio and modify the permeability profile. Introduction In recent years, polymer flooding along with other enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects has been downsized, even suspended, in many research organizations and oil and gas companies because of low oil prices and high operation costs. However, polymer-flooding technology in China has gained prominence for mobility-ratio control and permeability-profile modification. There, laboratory experiments, computer simulation, treatment design, and performance prediction concerning polymer flooding are active research subjects. The need to use polymer flooding in China is caused by the severe heterogeneity of reservoirs, especially in vertical profiles, and the high oil/water viscosity ratio often present. These reservoirs generally are continental formations with complex geological structures, a large variation in reservoir types, and great differences in the fluid properties. To stabilize oil and gas production and to improve oil recovery in the developed fields, China Natl. Petroleum Corp. (CNPC) has adopted policies to encourage and support various EOR projects, including chemical, miscible, thermal, and microbial technology.1 In the past 5 years, several large polymer-flooding projects have been successfully conducted in the Daqing, Dagang, Shengli, Liaohe, and Jilin oil fields.2 Most of the current polymer projects are intended for low-temperature reservoirs. There are very few studies reported on polymer applications in the elevated-temperature reservoirs because polymers generally tend to lose their effectiveness and become unstable under high-temperature conditions. Unfortunately, high-temperature, high-heterogeneity, and high oil/water viscosity ratio are very common in many reservoirs of east China, which is estimated to have a reserve of more than 1.7 billion tons of oil. The previous study showed the promising potential of polymer flooding to improve oil recovery from these reservoirs, if the polymers injected have sufficient thermal stability. To test the feasibility of polymer flooding in elevated-temperature reservoirs, we conducted a pilot test in the Shuanghe reservoir, which has a temperature of 75°C. This paper reports the laboratory studies, reservoir simulation, flooding monitoring, and results of the pilot test. Reservoir Description and Production History Shuanghe Reservoir. Discovered in 1976, the Shuanghe reservoir is located in central China in the southeast Henan oil field, a sizeable field containing 4.557 million tons original oil in place (OOIP). The major producing formation, found at a depth of 1480 m in Tertiary, is a complex sand body made of stacked deltaic cycles (multilayer reservoir). The reservoir is connected with an active aquifer in the east, surrounded by a sealed fault in the south, and smeared out in the northwest. The pilot-test area is located in the southwest area of the reservoir. Fig. 1 shows the well pattern for the pilot test. The lithology of the reservoir formation is described as a sandstone, including 51.8% quartz, 24.8% feldspar, and 23.4% detritus containing 7.5% clay. The clay mineral consists of 44.5% kaolinite, 32.4% illite, 16.8% montmorillonite, and 6.3% chlorite. The reservoir is composed of four layers, known as, and, with permeabilities of 350, 510, 500, and 18 md, respectively. The reservoir formation has an average porosity of 0.216 and average permeability of 420 md, with a variation factor ranging from 0.73 to 0.79. The net thickness of the oil-bearing formation is 15.56 m, and the temperature is 75°C. The crude oil has a viscosity of 7.8 cp at reservoir conditions. Formation water contains 5,060 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS), including 23 ppm of Ca++ and Mg++ combined. The TDS in injection water is 12,000 ppm. Production Histories. The Shuanghe reservoir was put into production in early 1977 and began to be waterflooded in late 1978. To improve the productivity, reduce the water cut, and improve the ultimate oil recovery, infill drilling was done between 1988 and 1992. Before polymer flooding, 23 production wells and 18 injection wells were drilled in the reservoir with a well density of 13.7 wells per km2. The pilot test area is located in the southwest area of the reservoir and contains 19 wells, including seven injection wells and 12 production wells. By February 1994, 33% of oil in place (OIP) had been recovered. The cumulative oil production had reached 0.85 million tons with a water cut more than 92.6%. It is believed that the high water cut can be attributed to the unfavorable water/oil viscosity ratio (1/8) and the severe heterogeneity in vertical and areal directions in the reservoir (permeability variation factor is 0.73 to 0.79). In early 1990, the screening work for EOR methods showed that the use of polymer to thicken water to be injected and to reduce water-phase permeability would improve the mobility ratio dramatically and increase the oil recovery significantly. From 1990 to 1994, extensive laboratory investigations and numerical simulations studied the feasibility of polymer flooding in Shuanghe reservoir. Shuanghe Reservoir. Discovered in 1976, the Shuanghe reservoir is located in central China in the southeast Henan oil field, a sizeable field containing 4.557 million tons original oil in place (OOIP). The major producing formation, found at a depth of 1480 m in Tertiary, is a complex sand body made of stacked deltaic cycles (multilayer reservoir). The reservoir is connected with an active aquifer in the east, surrounded by a sealed fault in the south, and smeared out in the northwest. The pilot-test area is located in the southwest area of the reservoir. Fig. 1 shows the well pattern for the pilot test. The lithology of the reservoir formation is described as a sandstone, including 51.8% quartz, 24.8% feldspar, and 23.4% detritus containing 7.5% clay. The clay mineral consists of 44.5% kaolinite, 32.4% illite, 16.8% montmorillonite, and 6.3% chlorite. The reservoir is composed of four layers, known as, and, with permeabilities of 350, 510, 500, and 18 md, respectively. The reservoir formation has an average porosity of 0.216 and average permeability of 420 md, with a variation factor ranging from 0.73 to 0.79. The net thickness of the oil-bearing formation is 15.56 m, and the temperature is 75°C. The crude oil has a viscosity of 7.8 cp at reservoir conditions. Formation water contains 5,060 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS), including 23 ppm of Ca++ and Mg++ combined. The TDS in injection water is 12,000 ppm. Production Histories. The Shuanghe reservoir was put into production in early 1977 and began to be waterflooded in late 1978. To improve the productivity, reduce the water cut, and improve the ultimate oil recovery, infill drilling was done between 1988 and 1992. Before polymer flooding, 23 production wells and 18 injection wells were drilled in the reservoir with a well density of 13.7 wells per km2. The pilot test area is located in the southwest area of the reservoir and contains 19 wells, including seven injection wells and 12 production wells. By February 1994, 33% of oil in place (OIP) had been recovered. The cumulative oil production had reached 0.85 million tons with a water cut more than 92.6%. It is believed that the high water cut can be attributed to the unfavorable water/oil viscosity ratio (1/8) and the severe heterogeneity in vertical and areal directions in the reservoir (permeability variation factor is 0.73 to 0.79). In early 1990, the screening work for EOR methods showed that the use of polymer to thicken water to be injected and to reduce water-phase permeability would improve the mobility ratio dramatically and increase the oil recovery significantly. From 1990 to 1994, extensive laboratory investigations and numerical simulations studied the feasibility of polymer flooding in Shuanghe reservoir.
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33

Gill, Amaninder Singh, Joshua D. Summers, and Chiradeep Sen. "Impact of Chaining Method and Level of Completion on Accuracy of Function Structure-Based Market Price Prediction Models." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 19, no. 4 (August 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4043210.

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AbstractThe goal of this paper is to explore how different modeling approaches for constructing function structure models and different levels of model completion affect the ability to make inferences (reason) on the resulting information within the respective models. Specifically, the function structure models are used to predict market prices of products, predictions that are then compared based on their accuracy and precision. This work is based on previous studies on understanding how function modeling and the use of topological information from design graphs can be used to predict information with historical training. It was found that forward chaining was the least favorable chaining type irrespective of the level of completion, whereas the backward-chaining models performed relatively better across all completion levels. Given the poor performance of the nucleation models at the highest level of completion, future research must be directed toward understanding and employing the methods yielding the most accuracy. Moreover, the results from this simulation-based study can be used to develop modeling guidelines for designers or students, when constructing function models.
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34

Qi, Wei, Xinggang Luo, Xuwang Liu, and Zhong-Liang Zhang. "Robust product line pricing under the multinomial logit choice model." Concurrent Engineering, June 16, 2022, 1063293X2211022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x221102205.

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Incorporating consumer choice behavior into a product line design optimization model enhances the understanding of consumer choices and improves the opportunities to increase profit. Most product line optimization problems assume that parameters are precisely known in consumer choice model. However, the decision maker does not precisely know the model parameters because of insufficient sample data, measurement problems, and other factors. We investigate the problem of establishing robust product line pricing under a multinomial logit model to account for the uncertainty of the valuation parameter. First, we present a nominal product line model to maximize profit. We then establish a robust product line model to maximize the worst-case expected profit, where the valuation parameter lies in an uncertainty set. We consider both single and multiple products development and derive the optimal prices’ closed-form expressions. Through numerical experiments, we illustrate the benefit of robust product line pricing to address parameter uncertainty. We demonstrate that the difference between the expected nominal profit and the worst-case profit increases with the increase of the interval of the uncertainty set, and the robust profit relative to the worst-case nominal profit improves. The robust product line design can ensure steadier, even higher profit.
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35

Najmiddinov, Jasur. "MODERN METHODS OF MISSIONARIES." Light of Islam, March 31, 2022, 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47980/iiau/2022/1/8.

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The 20th century has been a period of struggle to expand the scale of influence among powerful countries. The countries in Asia and Africa have become the main battlefield in this process. As a result of the growing demand for oil and petroleum products, fuel prices have risen. Powerful countries have begun to influence the oil-rich territories to gain control over the energy resources. It has been a significant point in this process. This problem has remained actual. It is no exaggeration to say that the great countries use missionary activity for similar geopolitical purposes. Today, missionary activity shows that there is no region or country safe from such kind of threat. It is necessary to understand the essence of the missionary activity deeply and correctly to prevent such cases. Eliminating missionary work requires targeted, systematic and gradual action. Methods of missionary work are a set of theoretical actions that are developed based on specific experience and scientific basis. It has a systemic character to carry out this practice effectively. The paper is devoted to analyzing methods and means that missionary organizations use to increase their supporters. The article focuses on the methods and tools used by missionary organizations to increase their followers and their analysis. Missionary methods and tools have also improved over time. Christian adaptation, cultural adaptation, contextualization, and interfaith dialogue have gone hand in hand with classical, new, modern methods and tools, including television, audio, video, radio, and computer technology. At the same time, in the missionary activity, specific emphasis is placed on the factors related to the human psyche, based on concrete examples of the stages at which the change of a person’s beliefs psychologically takes place. Among the current trends, there are cases where missionaries are wearing clothes typical of local peoples and assimilating the terms (Allah, Tangri, Khudawand, Iblis) specific to local religions during prayer. For example, in Uzbekistan, attempts by some Christian organizations to use certain verses in the poems of Alisher Navai to propagate Christianity can be considered a form of inculturation.
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36

Chesher, Chris. "Mining Robotics and Media Change." M/C Journal 16, no. 2 (March 8, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.626.

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Introduction Almost all industries in Australia today have adopted digital media in some way. However, uses in large scale activities such as mining may seem to be different from others. This article looks at mining practices with a media studies approach, and concludes that, just as many other industries, mining and media have converged. Many Australian mine sites are adopting new media for communication and control to manage communication, explore for ore bodies, simulate forces, automate drilling, keep records, and make transport and command robotic. Beyond sharing similar digital devices for communication and computation, new media in mining employ characteristic digital media operations, such as numerical operation, automation and managed variability. This article examines the implications of finding that some of the most material practices have become mediated by new media. Mining has become increasingly mediated through new media technologies similar to GPS, visualisation, game remote operation, similar to those adopted in consumer home and mobile digital media. The growing and diversified adoption of digital media championed by companies like Rio Tinto aims not only ‘improve’ mining, but to change it. Through remediating practices of digital mining, new media have become integral powerful tools in prospective, real time and analytical environments. This paper draws on two well-known case studies of mines in the Pilbara and Western NSW. These have been documented in press releases and media reports as representing changes in media and mining. First, the West Angelas mines in the Pilbara is an open cut iron ore mine introducing automation and remote operation. This mine is located in the remote Pilbara, and is notable for being operated remotely from a control centre 2000km away, near Perth Airport, WA. A growing fleet of Komatsu 930E haul trucks, which can drive autonomously, traverses the site. Fitted with radars, lasers and GPS, these enormous vehicles navigate through the open pit mine with no direct human control. Introducing these innovations to mine sites become more viable after iron ore mining became increasingly profitable in the mid-2000s. A boom in steel building in China drove unprecedented demand. This growing income coincided with a change in public rhetoric from companies like Rio Tinto. They pointed towards substantial investments in research, infrastructure, and accelerated introduction of new media technologies into mining practices. Rio Tinto trademarked the term ‘Mine of the future’ (US Federal News Service 1), and publicised their ambitious project for renewal of mining practice, including digital media. More recently, prices have been more volatile. The second case study site is a copper and gold underground mine at Northparkes in Western NSW. Northparkes uses substantial sensing and control, as well as hybrid autonomous and remote operated vehicles. The use of digital media begins with prospecting, and through to logistics of transportation. Engineers place explosives in optimal positions using computer modelling of the underground rock formations. They make heavy use of software to coordinate layer-by-layer use of explosives in this advanced ‘box cut’ mine. After explosives disrupt the rock layer a kilometre underground, another specialised vehicle collects and carries the ore to the surface. The Sandvik loader-hauler-dumper (LHD) can be driven conventionally by a driver, but it can also travel autonomously in and out of the mine without a direct operator. Once it reaches a collection point, where the broken up ore has accumulated, a user of the surface can change the media mode to telepresence. The human operator then takes control using something like a games controller and multiple screens. The remote operator controls the LHD to fill the scoop with ore. The fully-loaded LHD backs up, and returns autonomously using laser senses to follow a trail to the next drop off point. The LHD has become a powerful mediator, reconfiguring technical, material and social practices throughout the mine. The Meanings of Mining and Media Are Converging Until recently, mining and media typically operated ontologically separately. The media, such as newspapers and television, often tell stories about mining, following regular narrative scripts. There are controversies and conflicts, narratives of ecological crises, and the economics of national benefit. There are heroic and tragic stories such as the Beaconsfield mine collapse (Clark). There are new industry policies (Middelbeek), which are politically fraught because of the lobbying power of miners. Almost completely separately, workers in mines were consumers of media, from news to entertainment. These media practices, while important in their own right, tell nothing of the approaching changes in many other sectors of work and everyday life. It is somewhat unusual for a media studies scholar to study mine sites. Mine sites are most commonly studied by Engineering (Bellamy & Pravica), Business and labour and cultural histories (McDonald, Mayes & Pini). Until recently, media scholarship on mining has related to media institutions, such as newspapers, broadcasters and websites, and their audiences. As digital media have proliferated, the phenomena that can be considered as media phenomena has changed. This article, pointing to the growing roles of media technologies, observes the growing importance that media, in these terms, have in the rapidly changing domain of mining. Another meaning for ‘media’ studies, from cybernetics, is that a medium is any technology that translates perception, makes interpretations, and performs expressions. This meaning is more abstract, operating with a broader definition of media — not only those institutionalised as newspapers or radio stations. It is well known that computer-based media have become ubiquitous in culture. This is true in particular within the mining company’s higher ranks. Rio Tinto’s ambitious 2010 ‘Mine of the Future’ (Fisher & Schnittger, 2) program was premised on an awareness that engineers, middle managers and senior staff were already highly computer literate. It is worth remembering that such competency was relatively uncommon until the late 1980s. The meanings of digital media have been shifting for many years, as computers become experienced more as everyday personal artefacts, and less as remote information systems. Their value has always been held with some ambivalence. Zuboff’s (387-414) picture of loss, intimidation and resistance to new information technologies in the 1980s seems to have dissipated by 2011. More than simply being accepted begrudgingly, the PC platform (and variants) has become a ubiquitous platform, a lingua franca for information workers. It became an intimate companion for many professions, and in many homes. It was an inexpensive, versatile and generalised convergent medium for communication and control. And yet, writers such as Gregg observe, the flexibility of networked digital work imposes upon many workers ‘unlimited work’. The office boundaries of the office wall break down, for better or worse. Emails, utility and other work-related behaviours increasingly encroach onto domestic and public space and time. Its very attractiveness to users has tied them to these artefacts. The trail that leads the media studies discipline down the digital mine shaft has been cleared by recent work in media archaeology (Parikka), platform studies (Middelbeek; Montfort & Bogost; Maher) and new media (Manovich). Each of these redefined Media Studies practices addresses the need to diversify the field’s attention and methods. It must look at more specific, less conventional and more complex media formations. Mobile media and games (both computer-based) have turned out to be quite different from traditional media (Hjorth; Goggin). Kirschenbaum’s literary study of hard drives and digital fiction moves from materiality to aesthetics. In my study of digital mining, I present a reconfigured media studies, after the authors, that reveals heterogeneous media configurations, deserving new attention to materiality. This article also draws from the actor network theory approach and terminology (Latour). The uses of media / control / communications in the mining industry are very complex, and remain under constant development. Media such as robotics, computer modelling, remote operation and so on are bound together into complex practices. Each mine site is different — geologically, politically, and economically. Mines are subject to local and remote disasters. Mine tunnels and global prices can collapse, rendering active sites uneconomical overnight. Many technologies are still under development — including Northparkes and West Angelas. Both these sites are notable for their significant use of autonomous vehicles and remote operated vehicles. There is no doubt that the digital technologies modulate all manner of the mining processes: from rocks and mechanical devices to human actors. Each of these actors present different forms of collusion and opposition. Within a mining operation, the budgets for computerised and even robotic systems are relatively modest for their expected return. Deep in a mine, we can still see media convergence at work. Convergence refers to processes whereby previously diverse practices in media have taken on similar devices and techniques. While high-end PCs in mining, running simulators; control data systems; visualisation; telepresence, and so on may be high performance, ruggedised devices, they still share a common platform to the desktop PC. Conceptual resources developed in Media Ecology, New Media Studies, and the Digital Humanities can now inform readings of mining practices, even if their applications differ dramatically in size, reliability and cost. It is not entirely surprising that some observations by new media theorists about entertainment and media applications can also relate to features of mining technologies. Manovich argues that numerical representation is a distinctive feature of new media. Numbers have always already been key to mining engineering. However, computers visualise numerical fields in simulations that extend out of the minds of the calculators, and into visual and even haptic spaces. Specialists in geology, explosives, mechanical apparatuses, and so on, can use plaftorms that are common to everyday media. As the significance of numbers is extended by computers in the field, more and more diverse sources of data provide apparently consistent and seamless images of multiple fields of knowledge. Another feature that Manovich identifies in new media is the capacity for automation of media operations. Automation of many processes in mechanical domains clearly occurred long before industrial technologies were ported into new media. The difference with new media in mine sites is that robotic systems must vary their performance according to feedback from their extra-system environments. For our purposes, the haul trucks in WA are software-controlled devices that already qualify as robots. They sense, interpret and act in the world based on their surroundings. They evaluate multiple factors, including the sensors, GPS signals, operator instructions and so on. They can repeat the path, by sensing the differences, day after day, even if the weather changes, the track wears away or the instructions from base change. Automation compensates for differences within complex and changing environments. Automation of an open-pit mine haulage system… provides more consistent and efficient operation of mining equipment, it removes workers from potential danger, it reduces fuel consumption significantly reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and it can help optimize vehicle repairs and equipment replacement because of more-predictable and better-controlled maintenance. (Parreire and Meech 1-13) Material components in physical mines tend to become modular and variable, as their physical shape lines up with the logic of another of Manovich’s new media themes, variability. Automatic systems also make obsolete human drivers, who previously handled those environmental variations, for better or for worse, through the dangerous, dull and dirty spaces of the mine. Drivers’ capacity to control repeat trips is no longer needed. The Komatsu driverless truck, introduced to the WA iron ore mines from 2008, proved itself to be almost as quick as human drivers at many tasks. But the driverless trucks have deeper advantages: they can run 23 hours each day with no shift breaks; they drive more cautiously and wear the equipment less than human drivers. There is no need to put up workers and their families up in town. The benefit most often mentioned is safety: even the worst accident won’t produce injuries to drivers. The other advantage less mentioned is that autonomous trucks don’t strike. Meanwhile, managers of human labour also need to adopt certain strategies of modulation to support the needs and expectations of their workers. Mobile phones, televisions and radio are popular modes of connecting workers to their loved ones, particularly in the remote and harsh West Angelas site. One solution — regular fly-in-fly out shifts — tends also to be alienating for workers and locals (Cheshire; Storey; Tonts). As with any operations, the cost of maintaining a safe and comfortable environment for workers requires trade-offs. Companies face risks from mobile phones, leaking computer networks, and espionage that expose the site to security risks. Because of such risks, miners tend be subject to disciplinary regimes. It is common to test alcohol and drug levels. There was some resistance from workers, who refused to change to saliva testing from urine testing (Latimer). Contesting these machines places the medium, in a different sense, at the centre of regulation of the workers’ bodies. In Northparkes, the solution of hybrid autonomous and remote operation is also a solution for modulating labour. It is safer and more comfortable, while also being more efficient, as one experienced driver can control three trucks at a time. This more complex mode of mediation is necessary because underground mines are more complex in geology, and working environments to suit full autonomy. These variations provide different relationships between operators and machines. The operator uses a games controller, and watches four video views from the cabin to make the vehicle fill the bucket with ore (Northparkes Mines, 9). Again, media have become a pivotal element in the mining assemblage. This combines the safety and comfort of autonomous operation (helping to retain staff) with the required use of human sensorimotor dexterity. Mine systems deserve attention from media studies because sites are combining large scale physical complexity with increasingly sophisticated computing. The conventional pictures of mining and media rarely address the specificity of subjective and artefactual encounters in and around mine sites. Any research on mining communication is typically within the instrumental frames of engineering (Duff et al.). Some of the developments in mechanical systems have contributed to efficiency and safety of many mines: larger trucks, more rock crushers, and so on. However, the single most powerful influence on mining has been adopting digital media to control, integrate and mining systems. Rio Tinto’s transformative agenda document is outlined in its high profile ‘Mine of the Future’ agenda (US Federal News Service). The media to which I refer are not only those in popular culture, but also those with digital control and communications systems used internally within mines and supply chains. The global mining industry began adopting digital communication automation (somewhat) systematically only in the 1980s. Mining companies hesitated to adopt digital media because the fundamentals of mining are so risky and bound to standard procedures. Large scale material operations, extracting and processing minerals from under the ground: hardly to be an appropriate space for delicate digital electronics. Mining is also exposed to volatile economic conditions, so investing in anything major can be unattractive. High technology perhaps contradicts an industry ethos of risk-taking and masculinity. Digital media became domesticated, and familiar to a new generation of formally educated engineers for whom databases and algorithms (Manovich) were second nature. Digital systems become simultaneously controllers of objects, and mediators of meanings and relationships. They control movements, and express communications. Computers slide from using meanings to invoking direct actions over objects in the world. Even on an everyday scale, computer operations often control physical processes. Anti-lock Braking Systems regulate a vehicle’s braking pressure to avoid the danger when wheels lock-up. Or another example, is the ATM, which involves both symbolic interactions, and also exchange of physical objects. These operations are examples of the ‘asignifying semiotic’ (Guattari), in which meanings and non-meanings interact. There is no operation essential distinction between media- and non-media digital operations. Which are symbolic, attached or non-consequential is not clear. This trend towards using computation for both meanings and actions has accelerated since 2000. Mines of the Future Beyond a relatively standard set of office and communications software, many fields, including mining, have adopted specialised packages for their domains. In 3D design, it is AutoCAD. In hard sciences, it is custom modelling. In audiovisual production, it may be Apple and Adobe products. Some platforms define their subjectivity, professional identity and practices around these platforms. This platform orientation is apparent in areas of mining, so that applications such as the Gemcom, Rockware, Geological Database and Resource Estimation Modelling from Micromine; geology/mine design software from Runge, Minemap; and mine production data management software from Corvus. However, software is only a small proportion of overall costs in the industry. Agents in mining demand solutions to peculiar problems and requirements. They are bound by their enormous scale; physical risks of environments, explosive and moving elements; need to negotiate constant change, as mining literally takes the ground from under itself; the need to incorporate geological patterns; and the importance of logistics. When digital media are the solution, there can be what is perceived as rapid gains, including greater capacities for surveillance and control. Digital media do not provide more force. Instead, they modulate the direction, speed and timing of activities. It is not a complete solution, because too many uncontrolled elements are at play. Instead, there are moment and situations when the degree of control refigures the work that can be done. Conclusions In this article I have proposed a new conception of media change, by reading digital innovations in mining practices themselves as media changes. This involved developing an initial reading of the operations of mining as digital media. With this approach, the array of media components extends far beyond the conventional ‘mass media’ of newspapers and television. It offers a more molecular media environment which is increasingly heterogeneous. It sometimes involves materiality on a huge scale, and is sometimes apparently virtual. The mining media event can be a semiotic, a signal, a material entity and so on. It can be a command to a human. It can be a measurement of location, a rock formation, a pressure or an explosion. The mining media event, as discussed above, is subject to Manovich’s principles of media, being numerical, variable and automated. In the mining media event, these principles move from the aesthetic to the instrumental and physical domains of the mine site. The role of new media operates at many levels — from the bottom of the mine site to the cruising altitude of the fly-in-fly out aeroplanes — has motivated significant changes in the Australian industry. When digital media and robotics come into play, they do not so much introduce change, but reintroduce similarity. This inversion of media is less about meaning, and more about local mastery. Media modulation extends the kinds of influence that can be exerted by the actors in control. In these situations, the degrees of control, and of resistance, are yet to be seen. Acknowledgments Thanks to Mining IQ for a researcher's pass at Mining Automation and Communication Conference, Perth in August 2012. References Bellamy, D., and L. Pravica. “Assessing the Impact of Driverless Haul Trucks in Australian Surface Mining.” Resources Policy 2011. Cheshire, L. “A Corporate Responsibility? The Constitution of Fly-In, Fly-Out Mining Companies as Governance Partners in Remote, Mine-Affected Localities.” Journal of Rural Studies 26.1 (2010): 12–20. Clark, N. “Todd and Brant Show PM Beaconsfield's Cage of Hell.” The Mercury, 6 Nov. 2008. Duff, E., C. Caris, A. Bonchis, K. Taylor, C. Gunn, and M. Adcock. “The Development of a Telerobotic Rock Breaker.” CSIRO 2009: 1–10. Fisher, B.S. and S. Schnittger. Autonomous and Remote Operation Technologies in the Mining Industry: Benefits and Costs. BAE Report 12.1 (2012). Goggin, G. Global Mobile Media. London: Routledge, 2010. Gregg, M. Work’s Intimacy. Cambridge: Polity, 2011. Guattari, F. Chaosmosis: An Ethico-Aesthetic Paradigm. Trans. Paul Bains and Julian Pefanis. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1992. Hjorth, L. Mobile Media in the Asia-Pacific: Gender and the Art of Being Mobile. Taylor & Francis, 2008. Kirschenbaum, M.G. Mechanisms: New Media and the Forensic Imagination. Campridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2008. Latimer, Cole. “Fair Work Appeal May Change Drug Testing on Site.” Mining Australia 2012. 3 May 2013 ‹http://www.miningaustralia.com.au/news/fair-work-appeal-may-change-drug-testing-on-site›. Latour, B. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Maher, J. The Future Was Here: The Commodore Amiga. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2012. Manovich, Lev. The Language of New Media. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001. McDonald, P., R. Mayes, and B. Pini. “Mining Work, Family and Community: A Spatially-Oriented Approach to the Impact of the Ravensthorpe Nickel Mine Closure in Remote Australia.” Journal of Industrial Relations 2012. Middelbeek, E. “Australia Mining Tax Set to Slam Iron Ore Profits.” Metal Bulletin Weekly 2012. Montfort, N., and I. Bogost. Racing the Beam: The Atari Video Computer System. 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Chavdarov, Anatoliy V. "Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 Journal > Special Issue > Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 > Page 5 “Quantative Methods in Modern Science” organized by Academic Paper Ltd, Russia MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE GENUS GAGEA SALISB., GROWING IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION Authors: Zhamal T. Igissinova,Almash A. Kitapbayeva,Anargul S. Sharipkhanova,Alexander L. Vorobyev,Svetlana F. Kolosova,Zhanat K. Idrisheva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00041 Abstract: Due to ecological preferences among species of the genus GageaSalisb, many plants are qualified as rare and/or endangered. Therefore, the problem of rational use of natural resources, in particular protection of early spring plant species is very important. However, literary sources analysis only reveals data on the biology of species of this genus. The present research,conducted in the spring of 2017-2019, focuses on anatomical and morphological features of two Altai species: Gagealutea and Gagea minima; these features were studied, clarified and confirmed by drawings and photographs. The anatomical structure of the stem and leaf blade was studied in detail. The obtained research results will prove useful for studies of medicinal raw materials and honey plants. The aforementioned species are similar in morphological features, yet G. minima issmaller in size, and its shoots appear earlier than those of other species Keywords: Flora,gageas,Altai species,vegetative organs., Refference: I. Atlas of areas and resources of medicinal plants of Kazakhstan.Almaty, 2008. II. Baitenov M.S. Flora of Kazakhstan.Almaty: Ġylym, 2001. III. DanilevichV. G. ThegenusGageaSalisb. of WesternTienShan. PhD Thesis, St. Petersburg,1996. IV. EgeubaevaR.A., GemedzhievaN.G. The current state of stocks of medicinal plants in some mountain ecosystems of Kazakhstan.Proceedings of the international scientific conference ‘”Results and prospects for the development of botanical science in Kazakhstan’, 2002. V. Kotukhov Yu.A. New species of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) from Southern Altai. Bot. Journal.1989;74(11). VI. KotukhovYu.A. ListofvascularplantsofKazakhstanAltai. Botan. Researches ofSiberiaandKazakhstan.2005;11. VII. KotukhovYu. The current state of populations of rare and endangered plants in Eastern Kazakhstan. Almaty: AST, 2009. VIII. Kotukhov Yu.A., DanilovaA.N., AnufrievaO.A. Synopsisoftheonions (AlliumL.) oftheKazakhstanAltai, Sauro-ManrakandtheZaisandepression. BotanicalstudiesofSiberiaandKazakhstan. 2011;17: 3-33. IX. Kotukhov, Yu.A., Baytulin, I.O. Rareandendangered, endemicandrelictelementsofthefloraofKazakhstanAltai. MaterialsoftheIntern. scientific-practical. conf. ‘Sustainablemanagementofprotectedareas’.Almaty: Ridder, 2010. X. Krasnoborov I.M. et al. The determinant of plants of the Republic of Altai. Novosibirsk: SB RAS, 2012. XI. Levichev I.G. On the species status of Gagea Rubicunda. Botanical Journal.1997;6:71-76. XII. Levichev I.G. A new species of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae). Botanical Journal. 2000;7: 186-189. XIII. Levichev I.G., Jangb Chang-gee, Seung Hwan Ohc, Lazkovd G.A.A new species of genus GageaSalisb.(Liliaceae) from Kyrgyz Republic (Western Tian Shan, Chatkal Range, Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve). Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity.2019; 12: 341-343. XIV. Peterson A., Levichev I.G., Peterson J. Systematics of Gagea and Lloydia (Liliaceae) and infrageneric classification of Gagea based on molecular and morphological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.2008; 46. XV. Peruzzi L., Peterson A., Tison J.-M., Peterson J. Phylogenetic relationships of GageaSalisb.(Liliaceae) in Italy, inferred from molecular and morphological data matrices. Plant Systematics and Evolution; 2008: 276. XVI. Rib R.D. Honey plants of Kazakhstan. Advertising Digest, 2013. XVII. Scherbakova L.I., Shirshikova N.A. Flora of medicinal plants in the vicinity of Ust-Kamenogorsk. Collection of materials of the scientific-practical conference ‘Unity of Education, Science and Innovation’. Ust-Kamenogorsk: EKSU, 2011. XVIII. syganovA.P. PrimrosesofEastKazakhstan. Ust-Kamenogorsk: EKSU, 2001. XIX. Tsyganov A.P. Flora and vegetation of the South Altai Tarbagatay. Berlin: LAP LAMBERT,2014. XX. Utyasheva, T.R., Berezovikov, N.N., Zinchenko, Yu.K. ProceedingsoftheMarkakolskStateNatureReserve. Ust-Kamenogorsk, 2009. XXI. Xinqi C, Turland NJ. Gagea. Flora of China.2000;24: 117-121. XXII. Zarrei M., Zarre S., Wilkin P., Rix E.M. Systematic revision of the genus GageaSalisb. (Liliaceae) in Iran.BotJourn Linn Soc.2007;154. XXIII. Zarrei M., Wilkin P., Ingroille M.J., Chase M.W. A revised infrageneric classification for GageaSalisb. (Tulipeae; Liliaceae): insights from DNA sequence and morphological data.Phytotaxa.2011:5. View | Download INFLUENCE OF SUCCESSION CROPPING ON ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF NO-TILL CROP ROTATIONS Authors: Victor K. Dridiger,Roman S. Stukalov,Rasul G. Gadzhiumarov,Anastasiya A. Voropaeva,Viktoriay A. Kolomytseva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00042 Abstract: This study was aimed at examining the influence of succession cropping on the economic efficiency of no-till field crop rotations on the black earth in the zone of unstable moistening of the Stavropol krai. A long-term stationary experiment was conducted to examine for the purpose nine field crop rotation patterns different in the number of fields (four to six), set of crops, and their succession in crop rotation. The respective shares of legumes, oilseeds, and cereals in the cropping pattern were 17 to 33, 17 to 40, and 50 to 67 %. It has been established that in case of no-till field crop cultivation the economic efficiency of plant production depends on the set of crops and their succession in rotation. The most economically efficient type of crop rotation is the soya-winter wheat-peas-winter wheat-sunflower-corn six-field rotation with two fields of legumes: in this rotation 1 ha of crop rotation area yields 3 850 grain units per ha at a grain unit prime cost of 5.46 roubles; the plant production output return and profitability were 20,888 roubles per ha and 113 %, respectively. The high production profitabilities provided by the soya-winter wheat-sunflower four-field and the soya-winter-wheat-sunflower-corn-winter wheat five-field crop rotation are 108.7 and 106.2 %, respectively. The inclusion of winter wheat in crop rotation for two years in a row reduces the second winter wheat crop yield by 80 to 100 %, which means a certain reduction in the grain unit harvesting rate to 3.48-3.57 thousands per ha of rotation area and cuts the production profitability down to 84.4-92.3 %. This is why, no-till cropping should not include winter wheat for a second time Keywords: No-till technology,crop rotation,predecessor,yield,return,profitability, Refference: I Badakhova G. Kh. and Knutas A. V., Stavropol Krai: Modern Climate Conditions [Stavropol’skiykray: sovremennyyeklimaticheskiyeusloviya]. Stavropol: SUE Krai Communication Networks, 2007. II Cherkasov G. N. and Akimenko A. S. Scientific Basis of Modernization of Crop Rotations and Formation of Their Systems according to the Specializations of Farms in the Central Chernozem Region [Osnovy moderniz atsiisevooborotoviformirovaniyaikh sistem v sootvetstvii so spetsi-alizatsiyeykhozyaystvTsentral’nogoChernozem’ya]. Zemledelie. 2017; 4: 3-5. III Decree 330 of July 6, 2017 the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia “On Approving Coefficients of Converting to Agricultural Crops to Grain Units [Ob utverzhdeniikoeffitsiyentovperevoda v zernovyyee dinitsysel’s kokhozyaystvennykhkul’tur]. IV Dridiger V. K., About Methods of Research of No-Till Technology [O metodikeissledovaniytekhnologii No-till]//Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC (Dostizheniyanaukiitekhniki APK). 2016; 30 (4): 30-32. V Dridiger V. K. and Gadzhiumarov R. G. Growth, Development, and Productivity of Soya Beans Cultivated On No-Till Technology in the Zone of Unstable Moistening of Stavropol Region [Rost, razvitiyeiproduktivnost’ soiprivozdelyvaniipotekhnologii No-till v zone ne-ustoychivog ouvlazhneniyaStavropol’skogokraya]//Oil Crops RTBVNIIMK (Maslichnyyekul’turyNTBVNIIMK). 2018; 3 (175): 52–57. VI Dridiger V. K., Godunova E. I., Eroshenko F. V., Stukalov R. S., Gadzhiumarov, R. G., Effekt of No-till Technology on erosion resistance, the population of earthworms and humus content in soil (Vliyaniyetekhnologii No-till naprotivoerozionnuyuustoychivost’, populyatsiyudozhdevykhcherveyisoderzhaniyegumusa v pochve)//Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2018; 9 (2): 766-770. VII Karabutov A. P., Solovichenko V. D., Nikitin V. V. et al., Reproduction of Soil Fertility, Productivity and Energy Efficiency of Crop Rotations [Vosproizvodstvoplodorodiyapochv, produktivnost’ ienergeticheskayaeffektivnost’ sevooborotov]. Zemledelie. 2019; 2: 3-7. VIII Kulintsev V. V., Dridiger V. K., Godunova E. I., Kovtun V. I., Zhukova M. P., Effekt of No-till Technology on The Available Moisture Content and Soil Density in The Crop Rotation [Vliyaniyetekhnologii No-till nasoderzhaniyedostupnoyvlagiiplotnost’ pochvy v sevoob-orote]// Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2017; 8 (6): 795-99. IX Kulintsev V. V., Godunova E. I., Zhelnakova L. I. et al., Next-Gen Agriculture System for Stavropol Krai: Monograph [SistemazemledeliyanovogopokoleniyaStavropol’skogokraya: Monogtafiya]. Stavropol: AGRUS Publishers, Stavropol State Agrarian University, 2013. X Lessiter Frank, 29 reasons why many growers are harvesting higher no-till yields in their fields than some university scientists find in research plots//No-till Farmer. 2015; 44 (2): 8. XI Rodionova O. A. Reproduction and Exchange-Distributive Relations in Farming Entities [Vosproizvodstvoiobmenno-raspredelitel’nyyeotnosheniya v sel’skokhozyaystvennykhorganizatsiyakh]//Economy, Labour, and Control in Agriculture (Ekonomika, trud, upravleniye v sel’skomkhozyaystve). 2010; 1 (2): 24-27. XII Sandu I. S., Svobodin V. A., Nechaev V. I., Kosolapova M. V., and Fedorenko V. F., Agricultural Production Efficiency: Recommended Practices [Effektivnost’ sel’skokhozyaystvennogoproizvodstva (metodicheskiyerekomendatsii)]. Moscow: Rosinforagrotech, 2013. XIII Sotchenko V. S. Modern Corn Cultivation Technologies [Sovremennayatekhnologiyavozdelyvaniya]. Moscow: Rosagrokhim, 2009. View | Download DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF AUTONOMOUS PORTABLE SEISMOMETER DESIGNED FOR USE AT ULTRALOW TEMPERATURES IN ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Authors: Mikhail A. Abaturov,Yuriy V. Sirotinskiy, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00043 Abstract: This paper is concerned with solving one of the issues of the general problem of designing geophysical equipment for the natural climatic environment of the Arctic. The relevance of the topic has to do with an increased global interest in this region. The paper is aimed at considering the basic principles of developing and the procedure of testing seismic instruments for use at ultralow climatic temperatures. In this paper the indicated issue is considered through the example of a seismic module designed for petroleum and gas exploration by passive seismoacoustic methods. The seismic module is a direct-burial portable unit of around 5 kg in weight, designed to continuously measure and record microseismic triaxial orthogonal (ZNE) noise in a range from 0.1 to 45 Hz during several days in autonomous mode. The functional chart of designing the seismic module was considered, and concrete conclusions were made for choosing the necessary components to meet the ultralow-temperature operational requirements. The conclusions made served for developing appropriate seismic module. In this case, the components and tools used included a SAFT MP 176065 xc low-temperature lithium cell, industrial-spec electronic component parts, a Zhaofeng Geophysical ZF-4.5 Chinese primary electrodynamic seismic sensor, housing seal parts made of frost-resistant silicone materials, and finely dispersed silica gel used as water-retaining sorbent to avoid condensation in the housing. The paper also describes a procedure of low-temperature collation tests at the lab using a New Brunswick Scientific freezing plant. The test results proved the operability of the developed equipment at ultralow temperatures down to -55°C. In addition, tests were conducted at low microseismic noises in the actual Arctic environment. The possibility to detect signals in a range from 1 to 10 Hz at the level close to the NLNM limit (the Peterson model) has been confirmed, which allows monitoring and exploring petroleum and gas deposits by passive methods. As revealed by this study, the suggested approaches are efficient in developing high-precision mobile seismic instruments for use at ultralow climatic temperatures. The solution of the considered instrumentation and methodical issues is of great practical significance as a constituent of the generic problem of Arctic exploration. Keywords: Seismic instrumentation,microseismic monitoring,Peterson model,geological exploration,temperature ratings,cooling test, Refference: I. AD797: Ultralow Distortion, Ultralow Noise Op Amp, Analog Devices, Inc., Data Sheet (Rev. K). Analog Devices, Inc. URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/AD797.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). II. Agafonov, V. M., Egorov, I. V., and Shabalina, A. S. Operating Principles and Technical Characteristics of a Small-Sized Molecular–Electronic Seismic Sensor with Negative Feedback [Printsipyraboty I tekhnicheskiyekharakteristikimalogabaritnogomolekulyarno-elektronnogoseysmodatchika s otritsatel’noyobratnoysvyaz’yu]. SeysmicheskiyePribory (Seismic Instruments). 2014; 50 (1): 1–8. DOI: 10.3103/S0747923914010022. III. Antonovskaya, G., Konechnaya, Ya.,Kremenetskaya, E., Asming, V., Kvaema, T., Schweitzer, J., Ringdal, F. Enhanced Earthquake Monitoring in the European Arctic. Polar Science. 2015; 1 (9): 158-167. 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Analytical comparison of seismic instruments for stationary surveys in the Arctic [Sravnitel’nyyanalizseysmicheskoyapparaturydlyastatsionarnykhnablyudeniy v Arktike]. DSYS. URL: https://dsys.ru/upload/id254_docPDF_FranzJosefLand.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). X. Dew point temperature calculator. Maple Tech. International LLC. URL: https://www.calculator.net/dew-point-calculator.html?airtemperature=20&airtemperatureunit=celsius&humidity=0.34&dewpoint=&dewpointunit=celsius&x=51&y=14(Date of access September 2, 2019). XI. Frolov, A. S. Matching of wave fields recorded by different geophysical receivers [Soglasovaniyevolnovykhpoley, poluchennykh s primeneniyemrazlichnoyregistriruyushcheyapparatury]. Abstracts IX International scientific and technical conference competition of young specialists “Geophysics-2013”. Saint-Petersburg: Gubkin University, 2013. 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F., Chirkin, I. A., Rizanov, E. G., LeRoy, S. D., Koligaev, S. O. Long-term monitoring of microseismic emissions: Earth tides, fracture distribution, and fluid content. SEG, APPG Interpretation. 2016: 4 (2): T191–T204. XIX. Laverov, N. P., Bogoyavlenskiy, V. I., Bogoyavlenskiy, I. V. Fundamental Aspects of Rational Management of the Petroleum and Gas Resources of the Arctic and the Russian Continental Shelf: Strategy, Prospects, and Problems [Fundamental’nyyeaspektyratsional’nogoosvoyeniyaresursovneftiigazaArktiki I shel’faRossii: strategiya, perspektivyi problem].Arktika: ekologiya I ekonomika [Arctic: Ecology and Economy]. 2016; 2 (22): 4-13. XX. Lee, P. Low Noise Amplifier Selection Guide for Optimal Noise Performance, Analog Devices, Inc., AN-940 Application Note. Analog Devices, Inc. URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/application-notes/AN-940.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). XXI. Markatis, N., Polychronopoulou, K., Tselentis, Ak. Passive seismic tomography: A passive concept actively evolving. First Break. 2012; 30 (7): 83-90. XXII. Matveev, I. V. and Matveeva, N. V. Portable seismic recorder “SEISAR-5” with very low energy consumption for autonomous work in harsh climatic conditions [Portativnyyseysmicheskiyregistrator «Seysar-5» s ochen’ nizkimenergopotrebleniyemdlyaavtonomnoyraboty v slozhnykhklimatic heskikhusloviyakh]. Nauka I tekhnologicheskierazrabotki (Science and Technological Developments). 2017; 96 (3): 33-40. [Special Issue “Applied Geophysics: New Developments and Results. Part 1. Seismology and Seismic Exploration]. DOI: 10.21455/std2017.3-3. XXIII. Mishra, R. The Temperature Ratings of Electronic Parts.Electronics Cooling magazine. URL: http://www.electronics-cooling.com/2004/02/the-temperature-ratings-of-electronic-parts(Date of access September 2, 2019). XXIV. Moore, Sue E.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Van Pelt, Thomas I. The Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) project. 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View | Download COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH FOOT PATHOLOGY WHO UNDERWENT WEIL OPEN OSTEOTOMY BY CLASSICAL METHOD AND WITHOUT STEOSYNTHESIS Authors: Yuriy V. Lartsev,Dmitrii A. Rasputin,Sergey D. Zuev-Ratnikov,Pavel V.Ryzhov,Dmitry S. Kudashev,Anton A. Bogdanov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00044 Abstract: The article considers the problem of surgical correction of the second metatarsal bone length. The article analyzes the results of treatment of patients with excess length of the second metatarsal bones that underwent osteotomy with and without osteosynthesis. The results of treatment of patients who underwent metatarsal shortening due to classical Weil-osteotomy with and without osteosynthesis were analyzed. The first group consisted of 34 patients. They underwent classical Weil osteotomy. The second group included 44 patients in whomosteotomy of the second metatarsal bone were not by the screw. When studying the results of the treatment in the immediate postoperative period, weeks 6, 12, slightly better results were observed in patients of the first group, while one year after surgical treatment the results in both groups were comparable. One year after surgical treatment, there were 2.9% (1 patient) of unsatisfactory results in the first group and 4.5% (2 patients) in the second group. Considering the comparability of the results of treatment in remote postoperative period, the choice of concrete method remains with the operating surgeon. Keywords: Flat feet,hallux valgus,corrective osteotomy,metatarsal bones, Refference: I. A novel modification of the Stainsby procedure: surgical technique and clinical outcome [Text] / E. Concannon, R. MacNiocaill, R. Flavin [et al.] // Foot Ankle Surg. – 2014. – Dec., Vol. 20(4). – P. 262–267. II. Accurate determination of relative metatarsal protrusion with a small intermetatarsal angle: a novel simplified method [Text] / L. Osher, M.M. Blazer, S. Buck [et al.] // J. Foot Ankle Surg. – 2014. – Sep.-Oct., Vol. 53(5). – P. 548–556. III. Argerakis, N.G. The radiographic effects of the scarf bunionectomy on rearfoot alignment [Text] / N.G. Argerakis, L.Jr. Weil, L.S. Sr. Weil // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Apr., Vol. 8(2). – P. 89–94. IV. Bauer, T. Percutaneous forefoot surgery [Text] / T. Bauer // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2014. – Feb., Vol. 100(1 Suppl.). – P. S191–S204. V. Biomechanical Evaluation of Custom Foot Orthoses for Hallux Valgus Deformity [Text] // J. Foot Ankle Surg. – 2015. – Sep.-Oct., Vol.54(5). – P. 852–855. VI. Chopra, S. Characterization of gait in female patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity [Text] / S. Chopra, K. Moerenhout, X. Crevoisier // Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon). – 2015. – Jul., Vol. 30(6). – P. 629–635. VII. Computer assisted planning and custom-made surgical guide for malunited pronation deformity after first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis: a case report [Text] / M. Hirao, S. Ikemoto, H. Tsuboi [et al.] // Comput. Aided Surg. – 2014. – Vol. 19(1-3). – P. 13–19. VIII. Correlation between static radiographic measurements and intersegmental angular measurements during gait using a multisegment foot model [Text] / D.Y. Lee, S.G. Seo, E.J. Kim [et al.] // Foot Ankle Int. – 2015. – Jan., Vol.36(1). – P. 1–10. IX. Correlative study between length of first metatarsal and transfer metatarsalgia after osteotomy of first metatarsal [Text]: [Article in Chinese] / F.Q. Zhang, B.Y. Pei, S.T. Wei [et al.] // Zhonghua Yi XueZaZhi. – 2013. – Nov. 19, Vol. 93(43). – P. 3441–3444. X. Dave, M.H. Forefoot Deformity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparison of Shod and Unshod Populations [Text] / M.H. Dave, L.W. Mason, K. Hariharan // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 8(5). – P. 378–383. XI. Does arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint correct the intermetatarsal M1M2 angle? Analysis of a continuous series of 208 arthrodeses fixed with plates [Text] / F. Dalat, F. Cottalorda, M.H. Fessy [et al.] // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 101(6). – P. 709–714. XII. Dynamic plantar pressure distribution after percutaneous hallux valgus correction using the Reverdin-Isham osteotomy [Text]: [Article in Spanish] / G. Rodríguez-Reyes, E. López-Gavito, A.I. Pérez-Sanpablo [et al.] // Rev. Invest. Clin. – 2014. – Jul., Vol. 66, Suppl. 1. – P. S79-S84. XIII. Efficacy of Bilateral Simultaneous Hallux Valgus Correction Compared to Unilateral [Text] / A.V. Boychenko, L.N. Solomin, S.G. Parfeyev [et al.] // Foot Ankle Int. – 2015. – Nov., Vol. 36(11). – P. 1339–1343. XIV. Endolog technique for correction of hallux valgus: a prospective study of 30 patients with 4-year follow-up [Text] / C. Biz, M. Corradin, I. Petretta [et al.] // J. OrthopSurg Res. – 2015. – Jul. 2, № 10. – P. 102. XV. First metatarsal proximal opening wedge osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus deformity: comparison of straight versus oblique osteotomy [Text] / S.H. Han, E.H. Park, J. Jo [et al.] // Yonsei Med. J. – 2015. – May, Vol. 56(3). – P. 744–752. XVI. Long-term outcome of joint-preserving surgery by combination metatarsal osteotomies for shortening for forefoot deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [Text] / H. Niki, T. Hirano, Y. Akiyama [et al.] // Mod. Rheumatol. – 2015. – Sep., Vol. 25(5). – P. 683–638. XVII. Maceira, E. Transfer metatarsalgia post hallux valgus surgery [Text] / E. Maceira, M. Monteagudo // Foot Ankle Clin. – 2014. – Jun., Vol. 19(2). – P.285–307. XVIII. Nielson, D.L. Absorbable fixation in forefoot surgery: a viable alternative to metallic hardware [Text] / D.L. Nielson, N.J. Young, C.M. Zelen // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2013. – Jul., Vol. 30(3). – P. 283–293 XIX. Patient’s satisfaction after outpatient forefoot surgery: Study of 619 cases [Text] / A. Mouton, V. Le Strat, D. Medevielle [et al.] // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 101(6 Suppl.). – P. S217–S220. XX. Preference of surgical procedure for the forefoot deformity in the rheumatoid arthritis patients–A prospective, randomized, internal controlled study [Text] / M. Tada, T. Koike, T. Okano [et al.] // Mod. Rheumatol. – 2015. – May., Vol. 25(3). – P.362–366. XXI. Redfern, D. Percutaneous Surgery of the Forefoot [Text] / D. Redfern, J. Vernois, B.P. Legré // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2015. – Jul., Vol. 32(3). – P. 291–332. XXII. Singh, D. Bullous pemphigoid after bilateral forefoot surgery [Text] / D. Singh, A. Swann // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Feb., Vol. 8(1). – P. 68–72. XXIII. Treatment of moderate hallux valgus by percutaneous, extra-articular reverse-L Chevron (PERC) osteotomy [Text] / J. Lucas y Hernandez, P. Golanó, S. Roshan-Zamir [et al.] // Bone Joint J. – 2016. – Mar., Vol. 98-B(3). – P. 365–373. XXIV. Weil, L.Jr. Scarf osteotomy for correction of hallux abducto valgus deformity [Text] / L.Jr. Weil, M. Bowen // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2014. – Apr., Vol.31(2). – P. 233–246. View | Download QUANTITATIVE ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE IN HEALTHYDOGS Authors: Roman A. Tcygansky,Irina I. Nekrasova,Angelina N. Shulunova,Alexander I.Sidelnikov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00045 Abstract: Purpose.To determine the quantitative echogenicity indicators (and their ratio) of the layers of stomach and small intestine wall in healthy dogs. Methods. A prospective 3-year study of 86 healthy dogs (aged 1-7 yrs) of different breeds and of both sexes. Echo homogeneity and echogenicity of the stomach and intestines wall were determined by the method of Silina, T.L., et al. (2010) in absolute values ​​of average brightness levels of ultrasound image pixels using the 8-bit scale with 256 shades of gray. Results. Quantitative echogenicity indicators of the stomach and the small intestine wall in dogs were determined. Based on the numerical values ​​characterizing echogenicity distribution in each layer of a separate structure of the digestive system, the coefficient of gastric echogenicity is determined as 1:2.4:1.1 (mucosa/submucosa/muscle layers, respectively), the coefficient of duodenum and jejunum echogenicity is determined as 1:3.5:2 and that of ileum is 1:1.8:1. Clinical significance. The echogenicity coefficient of the wall of the digestive system allows an objective assessment of the stomach and intestines wall and can serve as the basis for a quantitative assessment of echogenicity changes for various pathologies of the digestive system Keywords: Ultrasound (US),echogenicity,echogenicity coefficient,digestive system,dogs,stomach,intestines, Refference: I. Agut, A. Ultrasound examination of the small intestine in small animals // Veterinary focus. 2009.Vol. 19. No. 1. P. 20-29. II. Bull. 4.RF patent 2398513, IPC51A61B8 / 00 A61B8 / 14 (2006.01) A method for determining the homoechogeneity and the degree of echogenicity of an ultrasound image / T. Silina, S. S. Golubkov. – No. 2008149311/14; declared 12/16/2008; publ. 09/10/2010 III. Choi, M., Seo, M., Jung, J., Lee, K., Yoon, J., Chang, D., Park, RD. Evaluation of canine gastric motility with ultrasonography // J. of Veterinary Medical Science. – 2002. Vol. 64. – № 1. – P. 17-21. IV. Delaney, F., O’Brien, R.T., Waller, K.Ultrasound evaluation of small bowel thickness compared to weight in normal dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2003 Vol. 44, № 5. Р 577-580. V. Diana, A., Specchi, S., Toaldo, M.B., Chiocchetti, R., Laghi, A., Cipone, M. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the small bowel in healthy cats // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2011. – Vol. 52, № 5. – Р. 555-559. VI. Garcia, D.A.A., Froes, T.R. Errors in abdominal ultrasonography in dogs and cats // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2012. Vol. 53. – № 9. – P. 514-519. VII. Garcia, D.A.A., Froes, T.R. Importance of fasting in preparing dogs for abdominal ultrasound examination of specific organs // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2014. Vol. 55. – № 12. – P. 630-634. VIII. Gaschen, L., Granger, L.A., Oubre, O., Shannon, D., Kearney, M., Gaschen, F. The effects of food intake and its fat composition on intestinal echogenicity in healthy dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2016. Vol. 57. № 5. P. 546-550 IX. Gaschen, L., Kircher, P., Stussi, A., Allenspach, K., Gaschen, F., Doherr, M., Grone, A. Comparison of ultrasonographic findings with clinical activity index (CIBDAI) and diagnosis in dogs with chronic enteropathies // Veterinary radiology and ultrasound. – 2008. – Vol. 49. – № 1. – Р. 56-64. X. Gil, E.M.U. Garcia, D.A.A. Froes, T.R. In utero development of the fetal intestine: Sonographic evaluation and correlation with gestational age and fetal maturity in dogs // Theriogenology. 2015. Vol. 84, №5. Р. 681-686. XI. Gladwin, N.E. Penninck, D.G., Webster, C.R.L. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the thickness of the wall layers in the intestinal tract of dogs // American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2014. Vol. 75, №4. Р. 349-353. XII. Gory, G., Rault, D.N., Gatel, L, Dally, C., Belli, P., Couturier, L., Cauvin, E. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the abdominal esophagus and cardia in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2014. Vol. 55, № 5. P. 552-560. XIII. Günther, C.S. Lautenschläger, I.E., Scholz, V.B. Assessment of the inter- and intraobserver variability for sonographical measurement of intestinal wall thickness in dogs without gastrointestinal diseases | [Inter-und Intraobserver-Variabilitätbei der sonographischenBestimmung der Darmwanddicke von HundenohnegastrointestinaleErkrankungen] // Tierarztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere – Heimtiere. 2014. Vol. 42 №2. Р. 71-78. XIV. Hanazono, K., Fukumoto, S., Hirayama, K., Takashima, K., Yamane, Y., Natsuhori, M., Kadosawa, T., Uchide, T. Predicting Metastatic Potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in dog by ultrasonography // J. of Veterinary Medical Science. – 2012. Vol. 74. – № 11. – P. 1477-1482. XV. Heng, H.G., Lim, Ch.K., Miller, M.A., Broman, M.M.Prevalence and significance of an ultrasonographic colonic muscularishyperechoic band paralleling the serosal layer in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2015. Vol. 56 № 6. P. 666-669. XVI. Ivančić, M., Mai, W. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of renal vs. hepatic ultrasonographic intensity in healthy dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2008. Vol. 49. № 4. Р. 368-373. XVII. Lamb, C.R., Mantis, P. Ultrasonographic features of intestinal intussusception in 10 dogs // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2008. Vol. 39. – № 9. – P. 437-441. XVIII. Le Roux, A. B., Granger, L.A., Wakamatsu, N, Kearney, M.T., Gaschen, L.Ex vivo correlation of ultrasonographic small intestinal wall layering with histology in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound.2016. Vol. 57. № 5. P. 534-545. XIX. Nielsen, T. High-frequency ultrasound of Peyer’s patches in the small intestine of young cats / T. Nielsen [et al.] // Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. – 2015. – Vol. 18, № 4. – Р. 303-309. XX. PenninckD.G. Gastrointestinal tract. In Nyland T.G., Mattoon J.S. (eds): Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 2002, 2nd ed. Р. 207-230. XXI. PenninckD.G. Gastrointestinal tract. In: PenninckD.G.,d´Anjou M.A. Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa. 2008. Р. 281-318. XXII. Penninck, D.G., Nyland, T.G., Kerr, L.Y., Fisher, P.E. Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastrointestinal diseases in small animals // Veterinary Radiology. 1990. Vol. 31. №3. P. 134-141. XXIII. Penninck, D.G.,Webster, C.R.L.,Keating, J.H. The sonographic appearance of intestinal mucosal fibrosis in cats // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2010. – Vol. 51, № 4. – Р. 458-461. XXIV. Pollard, R.E.,Johnson, E.G., Pesavento, P.A., Baker, T.W., Cannon, A.B., Kass, P.H., Marks, S.L. Effects of corn oil administered orally on conspicuity of ultrasonographic small intestinal lesions in dogs with lymphangiectasia // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2013. Vol. 54. № 4. P. 390-397. XXV. Rault, D.N., Besso, J.G., Boulouha, L., Begon, D., Ruel, Y. Significance of a common extended mucosal interface observed in transverse small intestine sonograms // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2004. Vol. 45. №2. Р. 177-179. XXVI. Sutherland-Smith, J., Penninck, D.G., Keating, J.H., Webster, C.R.L. Ultrasonographic intestinal hyperechoic mucosal striations in dogs are associated with lacteal dilation // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2007. Vol. 48. – № 1. – P. 51-57. View | Download EVALUATION OF ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL IN MEDICAL STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF SEASONAL DYNAMICS Authors: Larisa A. Merdenova,Elena A. Takoeva,Marina I. Nartikoeva,Victoria A. Belyayeva,Fatima S. Datieva,Larisa R. Datieva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00046 Abstract: The aim of this work was to assess the functional reserves of the body to quantify individual health; adaptation, psychophysiological characteristics of the health quality of medical students in different seasons of the year. When studying the temporal organization of physiological functions, the rhythm parameters of physiological functions were determined, followed by processing the results using the Cosinor Analysis program, which reveals rhythms with an unknown period for unequal observations, evaluates 5 parameters of sinusoidal rhythms (mesor, amplitude, acrophase, period, reliability). The essence of desynchronization is the mismatch of circadian rhythms among themselves or destruction of the rhythms architectonics (instability of acrophases or their disappearance). Desynchronization with respect to the rhythmic structure of the body is of a disregulatory nature, most pronounced in pathological desynchronization. High neurotism, increased anxiety reinforces the tendency to internal desynchronization, which increases with stress. During examination stress, students experience a decrease in the stability of the temporary organization of the biosystem and the tension of adaptive mechanisms develops, which affects attention, mental performance and the quality of adaptation to the educational process. Time is shortened and the amplitude of the “initial minute” decreases, personal and situational anxiety develops, and the level of psychophysiological adaptation decreases. The results of the work are priority because they can be used in assessing quality and level of health. Keywords: Desynchronosis,biorhythms,psycho-emotional stress,mesor,acrophase,amplitude,individual minute, Refference: I. Arendt, J., Middleton, B. Human seasonal and circadian studies in Antarctica (Halley, 75_S) – General and Comparative Endocrinology. 2017: 250-259. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.010). II. BalandinYu.P. A brief methodological guide on the use of the agro-industrial complex “Health Sources” / Yu.P. Balandin, V.S. Generalov, V.F. Shishlov. Ryazan, 2007. III. Buslovskaya L.K. Adaptation reactions in students at exam stress/ L.K. Buslovskaya, Yu.P. Ryzhkova. Scientific bulletin of Belgorod State University. Series: Natural Sciences. 2011;17(21):46-52. IV. Chutko L. S. Sindromjemocionalnogovygoranija – Klinicheskie I psihologicheskieaspekty./ L.S Chutko. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2013. V. Eroshina K., Paul Wilkinson, Martin Mackey. The role of environmental and social factors in the occurrence of diseases of the respiratory tract in children of primary school age in Moscow. Medicine. 2013:57-71. VI. Fagrell B. “Microcirculation of the Skin”. The physiology and pharmacology of the microcirculation. 2013:423. VII. Gurova O.A. Change in blood microcirculation in students throughout the day. New research. 2013; 2 (35):66-71. VIII. Khetagurova L.G. – Stress/Ed. L.G. Khetagurov. Vladikavkaz: Project-Press Publishing House, 2010. IX. Khetagurova L.G., Urumova L.T. et al. Stress (chronomedical aspects). International Journal of Experimental Education 2010; 12: 30-31. X. Khetagurova L.G., Salbiev K.D., Belyaev S.D., Datieva F.S., Kataeva M.R., Tagaeva I.R. Chronopathology (experimental and clinical aspects/ Ed. L.G. Khetagurov, K.D. Salbiev, S.D.Belyaev, F.S. Datiev, M.R. Kataev, I.R. Tagaev. Moscow: Science, 2004. XI. KlassinaS.Ya. Self-regulatory reactions in the microvasculature of the nail bed of fingers in person with psycho-emotional stress. Bulletin of new medical technologies, 2013; 2 (XX):408-412. XII. Kovtun O.P., Anufrieva E.V., Polushina L.G. Gender-age characteristics of the component composition of the body in overweight and obese schoolchildren. Medical Science and Education of the Urals. 2019; 3:139-145. XIII. Kuchieva M.B., Chaplygina E.V., Vartanova O.T., Aksenova O.A., Evtushenko A.V., Nor-Arevyan K.A., Elizarova E.S., Efremova E.N. A comparative analysis of the constitutional features of various generations of healthy young men and women in the Rostov Region. Modern problems of science and education. 2017; 5:50-59. XIV. Mathias Adamsson1, ThorbjörnLaike, Takeshi Morita – Annual variation in daily light expo-sure and circadian change of melatonin and cortisol consent rations at a northern latitude with large seasonal differences in photoperiod length – Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 2017; 36: 6 – 15. XV. Merdenova L.A., Tagaeva I.R., Takoeva E.A. Features of the study of biological rhythms in children. The results of fundamental and applied research in the field of natural and technical sciences. Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Belgorod, 2017, pp. 119-123. XVI. Ogarysheva N.V. The dynamics of mental performance as a criterion for adapting to the teaching load. Bulletin of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014;16:5 (1): S.636-638. XVII. Pekmezovi T. Gene-environment interaction: A genetic-epidemiological approach. Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2010;29:131-134. XVIII. Rapoport S.I., Chibisov S.M. Chronobiology and chronomedicine: history and prospects/Ed. S.M. Chibisov, S.I. Rapoport ,, M.L. Blagonravova. Chronobiology and Chronomedicine: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN) Press. Moscow, 2018. XIX. Roustit M., Cracowski J.L. “Non-invasive assessment of skin microvascular function in humans: an insight into methods” – Microcirculation 2012; 19 (1): 47-64. XX. Rud V.O., FisunYu.O. – References of the circadian desinchronosis in students. Ukrainian Bulletin of Psychoneurology. 2010; 18(2) (63): 74-77. XXI. Takoeva Z. A., Medoeva N. O., Berezova D. T., Merdenova L. A. et al. Long-term analysis of the results of chronomonitoring of the health of the population of North Ossetia; Vladikavkaz Medical and Biological Bulletin. 2011; 12(12,19): 32-38. XXII. Urumova L.T., Tagaeva I.R., Takoeva E.A., Datieva L.R. – The study of some health indicators of medical students in different periods of the year. Health and education in the XXI century. 2016; 18(4): 94-97. XXIII. Westman J. – Complex diseases. In: Medical genetics for the modern clinician. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006. XXIV. Yadrischenskaya T.V. Circadian biorhythms of students and their importance in educational activities. Problems of higher education. Pacific State University Press. 2016; 2:176-178. View | Download TRIADIC COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Authors: Stanislav A.Kudzh,Victor Ya. Tsvetkov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00047 Abstract: The present study of comparison methods based on the triadic model introduces the following concepts: the relation of comparability and the relation of comparison, and object comparison and attributive comparison. The difference between active and passive qualitative comparison is shown, two triadic models of passive and active comparison and models for comparing two and three objects are described. Triadic comparison models are proposed as an alternative to dyadic comparison models. Comparison allows finding the common and the different; this approach is proposed for the analysis of the nomothetic and ideographic method of obtaining knowledge. The nomothetic method identifies and evaluates the general, while the ideographic method searches for unique in parameters and in combinations of parameters. Triadic comparison is used in systems and methods of argumentation, as well as in the analysis of consistency/inconsistency. Keywords: Comparative analysis,dyad,triad,triadic model,comparability relation,object comparison,attributive comparison,nomothetic method,ideographic method, Refference: I. AltafS., Aslam.M.Paired comparison analysis of the van Baarenmodel using Bayesian approach with noninformativeprior.Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research 8(2) (2012) 259{270. II. AmooreJ. E., VenstromD Correlations between stereochemical assessments and organoleptic analysis of odorous compounds. Olfaction and Taste (2016) 3{17. III. BarnesJ., KlingerR. Embedding projection for targeted cross-lingual sentiment: model comparisons and a real-world study. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 691{742. doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11561 IV. Castro-SchiloL., FerrerE.Comparison of nomothetic versus idiographic-oriented methods for making predictions about distal outcomes from time series data. Multivariate Behavioral Research 48(2) (2013) 175{207. V. De BonaG.et al. Classifying inconsistency measures using graphs. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 937{987. VI. FideliR. La comparazione. Milano: Angeli, 1998. VII. GordonT. F., PrakkenH., WaltonD. The Carneades model of argument and burden of proof. Artificial Intelligence 10(15) (2007) 875{896. VIII. GrenzS.J. The social god and the relational self: A Triad theology of the imago Dei. Westminster: John Knox Press, 2001. IX. HermansH.J. M.On the integration of nomothetic and idiographic research methods in the study of personal meaning.Journal of Personality 56(4) (1988) 785{812. X. JamiesonK. G., NowakR. Active ranking using pairwise comparisons.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2011) 2240{2248. XI. JongsmaC.Poythress’s triad logic: a review essay. Pro Rege 42(4) (2014) 6{15. XII. KärkkäinenV.M. Trinity and Religious Pluralism: The Doctrine of the Trinity in Christian Theology of Religions. London: Routledge, 2017. XIII. KudzhS. A., TsvetkovV.Ya. Triadic systems. Russian Technology Magazine 7(6) (2019) 74{882. XIV. NelsonK.E.Some observations from the perspective of the rare event cognitive comparison theory of language acquisition.Children’s Language 6 (1987) 289{331. XV. NiskanenA., WallnerJ., JärvisaloM.Synthesizing argumentation frameworks from examples. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 503{554. XVI. PührerJ.Realizability of three-valued semantics for abstract dialectical frameworks.Artificial Intelligence 278 (2020) 103{198. XVII. SwansonG.Frameworks for comparative research: structural anthropology and the theory of action. In: Vallier, Ivan (Ed.). Comparative methods in sociology: essays on trends and applications.Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971 141{202. XVIII. TsvetkovV.Ya.Worldview model as the result of education.World Applied Sciences Journal 31(2) (2014) 211{215. XIX. TsvetkovV. Ya. Logical analysis and variable scales. Slavic Forum 4(22) (2018) 103{109. XX. Wang S. et al. Transit traffic analysis zone delineating method based on Thiessen polygon. Sustainability 6(4) (2014) 1821{1832. View | Download DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY OF CREATING WEAR-RESISTANT CERAMIC COATING FOR ICE CYLINDER." JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF CONTINUA AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES spl10, no. 1 (June 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00048.

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