Academic literature on the topic 'Petroleum industry and trade Management'

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Journal articles on the topic "Petroleum industry and trade Management"

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Wyld, Irene, and Bruce Godfrey. "RESEARCH WITH A PURPOSE IN THE AUSTRALIAN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY." APPEA Journal 34, no. 1 (1994): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj93034.

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Research—defined broadly as any activity in the concept to delivery continuum—is critical to the success of the present thrust for development of a competitive Australia. It provides the key to maintenance of existing competitive advantages, and the development of new competitive advantages both within Australia and in export markets. Nowhere is this more important than in the Australian petroleum industry (oil and gas). This industry contributes in the order of $10 billion annually to Australia's balance of trade. Yet until recently little research has been undertaken by Australian petroleum companies to support their exploration and production activities here.There is now recognition by Australian petroleum companies that research must be undertaken by them to support access to prospective areas, enhance exploration success, maximise production and minimise environmental damage. The contribution which research can make to the growth of the industry will only accrue if that research is targeted on priorities which meet the short, medium, and long-term needs of the industry. To define these priorities APEA, working in conjunction with ERDC, has produced a research and development strategy for the Australian upstream petroleum industry.The priorities resulting from this process cover the areas of exploration, production efficiencies, reservoir management, environmental effects and safety. Implementation of the strategy is occurring via ajoint Petroleum R&D Committee. ERDC's role in this process is to manage its investment in the projects resulting from the strategy to maximise the chances of successful implementation of the outcomes for the benefit of the industry and Australia.
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O'Callaghan, Tim. "Intellectual property in the petroleum production and exploration sector—the other hidden asset." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14082.

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According to IBISWorld (2013), 7.7% of Australia’s A$11 trillion assets are natural resources and 5.4% is intellectual property. Despite this intellectual property is overlooked as a valuable asset in the oil and gas industry. As the means of extraction become more complex, the methods and tools needed for the purpose can give one company an edge over another. Intellectual property rights help to protect that competitive advantage. Companies need to have a strategy for the early identification, management and protection of this asset. Customers, contractors and joint venture partners can create intellectual property ownership issues that must also be identified and properly managed. This extended abstract provides: a framework for establishing a robust intellectual property management strategy for companies in the exploration and production sector; identification of key intellectual property assets of businesses in the sector; a review of industry specific challenges, such as the requirement under WA’s Petroleum and Geothermal Energy Resources (Environment) Regulations 2012 to disclose trade secrets and commercially sensitive material about downhole substances; and, consideration of model agreements used in the sector, such as the AMPLA Model Petroleum Exploration Joint Operating Agreement.
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Alexander, Elinor, and Alan Sansome. "Shaping the Cooper Basin's 21st century renaissance." APPEA Journal 52, no. 2 (2012): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11104.

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The Department of Manufacturing, Innovation, Trade, Resources and Energy (DMITRE) SA has been successfully using competitive acreage releases to manage highly prospective Cooper Basin acreage since 1998. The expiry of long-term exploration licenses enabled the most significant structured release of onshore Australian acreage in the industry’s history—it has generated: 32 petroleum exploration licences (PELs) from ~70,000 km2 acreage; $432 million in guaranteed work program bids; 70 new field discoveries; $107.6 million royalties and $1.4 billion sales;and, increased gas supply-side competition. Cooper acreage turnover has also changed the makeup of Australia’s onshore exploration industry from numerous company-making discoveries. Since 1998, 10 acreage releases have been staged, enabled by the Petroleum Act 2000 (now the Petroleum and Geothermal Energy Act 2000), conjunctive agreements with Native Title claimants, access to multiple-use Innamincka and Strzelecki Regional Reserves, and transparent application and bid assessment processes. Despite delays, most recently due to flooding, all but three of the original PELs are in their second term and relinquished acreage has been incorporated into subsequent releases. All work-program variations have been kept above the second bid score (except one, where the second ranked bidder was consulted and approved the change) preserving bidding system integrity. DMITRE is planning new Cooper Basin acreage releases while contemplating acreage management options for emerging unconventional plays. Industry input to map the best possible future for the SA Cooper Basin continues to be welcomed.
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Lewis, David. "Taxation aspects of climate change management measures." APPEA Journal 50, no. 1 (2010): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09015.

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Climate change is undoubtedly one of the greatest economic, social, and environmental challenges now facing the world. The present Australian Government is committed to acting on climate change and Australia’s progress towards its emissions reduction targets is being closely watched internationally. To contribute effectively to global climate change action, Australia must demonstrate its ability to implement robust and sustainable domestic emissions management legislation. The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS), modelled after the cap-and-trade system, continues to be debated by our policymakers, as the Government moves to re-introduce its preferred CPRS legislative package for the third time. The advent of climate change legislation is inevitable and its impact will be far-reaching. This paper reviews the fiscal aspects of the proposed CPRS legislation in the context of the oil and gas industry, and whether it is conducive to creating incentives for appropriate climate change response by the industry. In particular, this paper will consider: the direct and indirect tax features specifically covered in the proposed CPRS legislation and their implications; the areas of taxation that remain uncanvassed in the proposed CPRS legislation and aspects requiring clarification from the tax administration; the interaction between Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) and the CPRS measures; the flow-on impacts to taxation outcomes resulting from proposed accounting and financial reporting responses to the CPRS legislation; the income tax and PRRT treatment of selected abatement measures; and, elements of a good CPRS tax strategy and compliance action plan.
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Morita, Ichiro, Akio Sasagawa, Kenji Oka, and Garrey Maxwell. "MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (MEGIS) DEVELOPMENT FOR JAPAN." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-485.

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ABSTRACT A response management system for accidents, such as oil well blowouts and oil spills at sea, is being developed by the Safety and Environment Center for Petroleum Development (SEC) under the supervision of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) of Japan. The 5-year program, which is designed to minimize environmental damage in the event of an oil spill, commenced in 1992. The system, known as the Marine Environmental Geographic Information System (MEGIS), consists of five subsystems: (1) detection and monitoring, (2) oil and pollution spill trajectory prediction by computer simulation, (3) contingency planning for response and cleanup operations, (4) a communication and information network of all responsible agencies and participants, and (5) a geographic information system.
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Roth, Victoria. "Incorporating unconventional and renewable energy into the international energy framework: the diminution of OPEC in a new energy world order." Journal of World Energy Law & Business 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwaa008.

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Abstract Nearing its 60th anniversary of foundation, the once unchallenged Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) faces a modern diminution of influence. This slipping grip of near-hegemonic control exerted over the petroleum industry, is partly reflective of the rising influence of unconventional energy sources, the rising popularity for alternative and renewable energy sources and a downstream consequence of its own exertion of power. With rising international demand for renewables as a means to provide global energy security, the role of the state remains paramount in meeting energy demands. The international framework falls short of enabling a framework that brings renewable energy past its domestic dependency and into an internationally traded commodity. Following the 1973 embargo against the USA, OPEC inadvertently spurred on the need for a diversified market of energy production to ensure global energy security free from the whims of oligarchic groups. The subsequent investment into alternative energy, including the rising technological advancements made in areas such as horizontal and seismic imaging technology (or, ‘fracking’), has led to the diversification of energy production sources and lessened reliance on external importers by the American energy consumption powerhouse. The lessening reliance on OPEC has had a consequential impact on the unofficial head of the organization, Saudi Arabia. From the proposed initial public offering of Saudi Aramco to Vision 2030, all signs point to looming economic troubles for the petroleum dependant state without adequate, and effective, diversification.
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Iheukwumere, Emmanuel, David Moore, and Temitope Omotayo. "Investigatingthe challenges of refinery construction in Nigeria: A snapshot across two-timeframes over the past 55 years." International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management 10, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 46–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14424/ijcscm100120-46-72.

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he sub-optimal performance of state-owned refineries in Nigeria has led to a significant gap in the supply of refined petroleum products (RPPs) in the country. More so, the growing demand for these products has further widened the gap to the range of 500,000 –600,000 barrels per day (bpd). Consequently, most of the imports for RPPs in Nigeria are being filled from the United States and North-Western Europe at the expense of the Nigerian economy. However, given the abundance of petroleum resources in Nigeria and its long history in the production of oil, it is unfortunate that the local refineries are hardly maintained to meet the needs of the local population. In addition, the inability of the Nigerian state to build additional refining capacity to cushion its domestic supply gap for RPPs has become a major concern. With more than 40 licenses issued to private companies since 2002, only two companies (Niger Delta Petroleum Resources Refinery and Dangote Oil Refinery) have made noticeable progress in new refinery construction.This paper is focused on investigating the current challenges of refinery construction in Nigeria. This is done with a view of comparing the drivers and enablers of productivity in construction in this sector during the period of 1965 –1989 and how they differ from the current period of 2000 -2019 in Nigeria.A systematic literature review within the academic journals, source documents from the industry, relevant interviews from published news media and consulting organisations were used to identify and categorise these challenges. The findings of this study were validated by interviews from experts across key industries in this sector.The study reveals that change of ownership structures from the government sector to the private sector between the two eras, present additional challenges. These challenges cut across availability of capital, inconsistent government priorities and access to land for construction. Others include cronyism and corruption, weak political will, unstructured refinery licensing scheme, security challenges and economic factors regarding the regulated downstream market inNigeria. Key recommendations proffered to help solve these problems include a private sector-led partnership with the government in the form of public private partnerships (PPPs), a review of existing methods for licensing refineries for private organisations, the development of local manpower with relevant technical skills to help lower the cost of expatriate labour and the establishment of more designated clusters as free trade zones within the oil-producing Niger Delta. These recommendations will help lower the entry barriers for private organisations in this sector
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Izadi, Mehdi. "Technology Focus: Heavy Oil (April 2022)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0422-0069-jpt.

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Heavy oils are characterized by high density, high viscosity, and high-heavy-fraction components. Because of high viscosity and lower API gravity than conventional crude oil, primary recovery of some of these crude oil types requires thermal stimulation of the reservoirs. Most of the technologies that deal with heavy oil need to address the mobility ratio or viscous forces before any flooding. In general, poor recovery is caused by physical reasons or geological reasons. Physical reasons can be categorized as capillary forces (existence of the interfacial tension between oil and water, wettability) or viscous forces (high mobility ratio between water and oil). Geological reasons are heterogeneities in reservoir rock and exist in all petroleum oil systems. In heavy oil reservoirs, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) intends to reduce the capillary forces and interfacial tension to improve microscopic displacement efficiency or improve the sweep efficiency (macroscopic) by reducing the mobility ratio between injected fluid and displaced fluid. Improving the mobility ratio is achieved by increasing the viscosity of water using polymers or by reducing the oil viscosity using heat. In general, all technologies need to address the capillary and viscous forces to improve oil recovery. Paper SPE 207361 discusses improving of the efficiency of the flood by near-wellbore conformance and improving the vertical sweep efficiency. The use of fiber-optic sensors, as addressed in paper SPE 199023, is intended to gather better data and avoid misinterpretation during falloff tests and injectivity tests. Traditionally, for heavy oil EOR simulation, because of the addition of chemical species or heat to the flow equations as well as the need for a finer grid resolution, the use of the full-field model in most cases was limited and the use of sector models and local grid refinement to obtain a reasonable accuracy has been applied in the industry. Sector modeling conditions must be satisfied to establish the reliability and the trade-off between accuracy (sector models) and computational expediency (full-field model). Recent development of hardware and software [graphics-processing-unit (GPU) -based simulators] has provided the industry with the tools to achieve a full-field model simulation in most fields by taking advantage of GPU solvers and using a fine-grid model to predict full-field performance. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 200279 - Field Application of the Autonomous Inflow Control Device for Optimized Heavy Oil Production in South Sultanate of Oman by Ali Al-Jumah, Petroleum Development Oman, et al. SPE 203012 - More Oil and Less Water: Autonomous Inflow Control Devices in New and Old Producers in Heavy Oil Fields From South of Oman by Ameera Al Harrasi, Petroleum Development Oman, et al. SPE 207684 - Game Changer in Dealing With Hard Scale Using a Slickline Torque Action Debris Breaker by Mahmoud Mohamed Koriesh, Dragon Oil, et al.
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Zanbouri, Kouros, Mostafa Razoughi Bastak, Seyed Alizadeh, Nima Jafari Navimipour, and Senay Yalcin. "A New Energy-Aware Method for Gas Lift Allocation in IoT-Based Industries Using a Chemical Reaction-Based Optimization Algorithm." Electronics 11, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 3769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223769.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently developed opportunities for various industries, including the petrochemical industry, that allow for intelligent manufacturing with real-time management and the analysis of the produced big data. In oil production, extracting oil reduces reservoir demand, causing oil supply to fall below the economically viable level. Gas lift is a popular artificial lift system that is both efficient and cost-effective. If gas supplies in the gas lift process are not limited, a sufficient amount of gas may be injected into the reservoir to reach the highest feasible production rate. Because of the limited supply of gas, it is essential to achieve the sustainable utilization of our limited resources and manage the injection rate of the gas into each well in order to enhance oil output while reducing gas injection. This study describes a novel IoT-based chemical reaction optimization (CRO) technique to solve the gas lift allocation issue. The CRO algorithm is inspired by the interaction of molecules with each other and achieving the lowest possible state of free energy from an unstable state. The CRO algorithm has excellent flexibility, enabling various operators to modify solutions and a favorable trade-off between intensification and diversity. A reasonably fast convergence rate serves as a powerful motivator to use as a solution. The extensive simulation and computational study have presented that the proposed method using CRO based on IoT systems significantly improves the overall oil production rate and reduces gas injection, energy consumption and cost compared to traditional algorithms. Therefore, it provides a more efficient system for the petroleum production industry.
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Chandran, Suresh, and Murugan Anandarajan. "Decision Support System for Selecting Sustainable Alternatives to Conventional Jet Fuel: Impact of Emissions, Production Costs and Carbon Pricing." Journal of Management and Sustainability 10, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v10n1p83.

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The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in June 2015, took a step toward regulating carbon emissions from airlines, following an assessment that airlines contribute to climate change. On July 25, 2016, the final endangerment finding (Note 1) under section 231(a) (2) (A) of the Clean Air Act for aviation emissions was issued by the EPA. The European Union had issued a similar finding previously and had proposed implementing an emission trading scheme in which the airlines would be required to participate in a cap and trade scheme for emissions from jet fuel. Traditional jet fuel is derived from petroleum, whose price is volatile and depends on geopolitical stability. Fuel burn is a significant cost for airlines and affects their profitability and value. Fuel burn is also a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. An investigation of alternatives to jet fuel and switching from conventional jet fuel based on varying emission profiles, production costs and varying carbon prices is therefore timely. We use a simple decision support system to examine the link between the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of a range of fuels, economic costs of production and varying carbon prices. This analysis should be of interest to regulators, traders, risk managers and executives in the airline industry as well as practitioners of sustainability management.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Petroleum industry and trade Management"

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Zhaoxian, Xu. "Chinese petroleum industry analysis and entry strategies." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2260.

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This comprehensive project introduces the past and present of the Chinese petroleum industry, conducts industry analysis using Michael Porter's Five forces model, and discusses the changes made in recent years and the business oppurtunities for foreign companies. In order to effectively enter the chinese petroleum market, four commonly used entry strategies are introduced. Key issues, weaknesses and strengths, as well as implications of each entry strategy are discussed in detail.
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Herschman, Andrea. "The politics of oil wealth management lessons from the Caspian and beyond /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1997484481&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Nwete, Bede. "The role of soft law in oil and gas project development in developing countries : a study of how this impacts social-legal risks management in the oil and gas industry." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=234033.

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Soobader, Saleem Fazul-Haque. "Measuring the success of global oil and gas corporate mergers and acquisitions from a financial perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3148.

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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Successful merger and acquisitions (M & A) from a financial perspective increases shareholder value. This paper examines the effect of corporate mergers and acquisitions (M & A) on shareholder value. A discussion on shareholder value follows with reasons why companies choose M & A as a growth strategy. The type of M & A strategy affects the value it creates. A literature review of M & A activity during the five periods in the twentieth century, referred to as merger waves, provides an understanding of the conditions which precipitate M & A activity. However, failure of companies that engage in M & A activity has not resulted in a decline in the popularity of M & A. This study identifies and subsequently analyses data (profitability ratios) on 34 upstream oil and gas companies that have engaged in M & A activity. Profitability ratios indicate the financial performance of a company and ultimately shareholder value. In order to obtain the best possible insights into the behaviour of the identified variables and their impact on shareholder value, the specific variables are empirically tested over different time periods through the application of two statistical tests performed on the data. The empirical analysis is based on a total of 324 observations gathered by Evaluate Energy for global oil and gas companies and covers the period 1995 to 2005. The results of the different testing methods, although subject to certain limitations, give reason to believe that the M & A leads to an erosion of shareholder value. Hence the appropriate reasons for embarking on an M & A strategy and the comprehensive pre-acquisition evaluation thereof, is tantamount to M & A success.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vanuit ‘n finansiële oogpunt kan suksesvolle samesmeltings en aanskaffings (S & A) aandeelhouers-waarde verhoog en hierdie werkstuk ontleed die effek wat korporatiewe S & A’s op aandeelhouers-waarde het. ‘n Bespreking oor aandeelhouers-waarde volg en verskaf redes waarom maatskappye S & A’s as ‘n groeistrategie verkies en hoe die tipe S & A strategie wat gevolg word die waarde wat dit skep affekteer. Gedurende die 20ste eeu was daar vyf tydperke waarin S & A aktiwiteite hoog was, die sogenaamde “merger waves” en ‘n ontleding van literatuur gedurende hierdie tydperke verskaf ‘n begrip van die omstandighede wat aanleiding gee tot S & A aktiwiteite. Alhoewel sommige S & A’s onsuksesvol is, bly dit ‘n populêre keuse by maatskappye om aandeelhouers-waarde te probeer verhoog. Hierdie studie identifiseer en analiseer data (winsgewendheids-verhoudings) van 34 “upstream” olie- en gasmaatskappye wat een of ander tyd in ‘n S & A betrokke was. Winsgewendheids-verhoudings dui op die finansiële prestasie van maatskappye en uiteindelik op aandeelhouers-waarde. Ten einde die beste insae in die optrede van die geidentifiseerde veranderlikes en hul impak op aandeelhouers-waarde te kry, is die spesifieke veranderlikes numeries getoets oor verskillende tydperke deur middel van twee statistiese modelle. Die numeriese analises is gebaseer op 324 waarnemings deur Evaluate Energy op internasionale olie- en gasmaatskappye tussen 1995 en 2005. Die uitslae van die verskillende metodes van toets, ingesluit sekere beperkings, dui daarop dat S & A’s oor die algemeen lei tot ‘n vermindering in aandeelhouers-waarde en daarom is dit van kardinale belang om ‘n beproefde S & A strategie te ontwikkel voordat ‘n S & A aangepak word.
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Oosthuizen, J. F. (Jan Francois). "A critique of the use of real option valuation to evaluate an oil industry refining project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50245.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The oil industry is under pressure to select refinery projects that will provide higher and more predictable returns. In the past Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) techniques have been used to choose between refinery project alternatives. One of the problems with DCF techniques is that they ignore management flexibility when evaluating projects that contain embedded options. Real Option Valuation (ROV) is an approach that takes management flexibility into account and places a value on this flexibility. ROV has been used extensively by the oil industry for the evaluation of oil and gas reserves. The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which the use of ROV will improve the decision making process when evaluating a refining project containing embedded options as well as to determine the most appropriate option valuation method for refining projects. This was done by evaluating a refining project using both a probabilistic DCF approach and the various option pricing models and comparing the results. It was concluded that ROV will improve the decision making process when evaluating refining projects containing embedded options. The most appropriate option pricing method for refining projects was found to be the simulation approach since simulation is already being used by refineries to perform probabilistic DCF analysis. It is not recommended that ROV should be blindly applied to all refining projects containing embedded options. The use of ROV should be limited to larger refining projects for which probabilistic cash flows have been developed and the extent of the ROV analysis required should be determined by a careful review of the net present value (NPV) cumulative probability curves.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die olie industrie is onder druk geplaas om projekte te kies met 'n hoër opbrengs op kapitaal en 'n opbrengs wat meer voorspelbaar is. In die verlede is slegs die Verdiskonteerde Kontant Vloei (VKV) metode gebruik om projekte te selekteer vir die raffinadery. Een van die onderliggende tekortkominge met die gebruik van die VKV metode is dat verskillende bestuursopsies in terme van alternatiewe met ingeboude opsies, nie voldoende ondersoek word nie. Reële Opsie Waardasie (ROW) is 'n metode wat bestuursopsies in ag neem deur 'n waarde te plaas op elke beskikbare bestuursopsie. ROW het wye toepassings in die olie industrie vir die evaluasie van gas en olie reserves. Die doel van hierdie studie is om te bepaal tot watter mate die gebruik van ROW die besluitnemingsproses sal verbeter in terme van die evaluasie van projekte met ingeboude opsies vir raffinaderye en watter opsiewaardasie metode die mees geskikte is vir sulke projekte. 'n Raffinadery projek is evalueer deur beide KV en verskeie opsie-prysbepalingsmetodes te gebruik en die resultate is vergelyk. Die resultate van die studie het bewys dat die ROW metode die besluitnemingsproses verbeter. Die studie het gewys dat die mees geskikte opsie-waardasie metode vir projekte in the raffinadery die simulasie benadering is omdat simulasie alreeds vir probalisties VKV ontleding gebruik word. 'n Verdere aanbeveling is dat die ROW metode nie blindelings gevolg moet word vir alle projekte met ingeboude opsies nie. Die gebruik van ROW moet beperk word tot groter projekte waarvoor probabilistiese kontantvloei alreeds ontwikkel is. Die mate van ROW ontleding moet bepaal word deur 'n noukeurige ondersoek te doen van die kumulatiewe netto huidige waarde-waarskynlikheidskurwe.
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Mfosi, Sandy Dos Mareko. "Petroleum products supply dynamics and challenges in the Botswana market." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21785.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
Petroleum fuels energy supply and its availability is an essential precondition for socio-economic development in any economy. Energy is required in meeting the basic human needs such as food, shelter, health, education and for economic activities such as transport, agriculture and mining. Botswana’s energy consumption is dominated by petroleum fuels. The country has no known petroleum reserves and it has to import all its petroleum requirements in refined form, from the neighbouring South Africa. The study focuses on the challenges of security of supply of petroleum products in Botswana. What is at stake is to identify alternative supply sources and routes of petroleum products to Botswana, thus reducing the risk of wholly dependence on South Africa for the supply. A major goal is to develop alternative sources and routes from neighbouring countries. This can be achieved by the Botswana Government taking advantage of regional cooperation with neighbouring countries. The study explores other approaches to reduce the high dependence on South Africa. One of the possible solutions is for Botswana Government to establish a state owned oil company which could play a catalytic role in the implementation of many of the steps considered in this study. This company could, for example, be charged with crude oil exploration in Botswana and with steps to assist locally owned Botswana companies to establish themselves in the marketing and distribution of petroleum. Much will, however, depend on the resources that can be mobilised by the Botswana Government for such a State Oil Company. The study is based on secondary data obtained mainly from the Division of Energy in the Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources. Feasibility studies conducted by consultants engaged by the Ministry played an important role in the literature underlying this report.
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Wayland, Robert F. (Robert Franklin). "Criteria by Which Ad Hoc Labor Arbitrators are Selected by Union and Management Advocates in the Petroleum Refining Industry." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331537/.

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A non-experimental, descriptive study was conducted to examine the criteria by which ad hoc labor arbitrators are selected in the petroleum refining industry. Three factors — arbitrator background, recognition, and arbitration practice — were examined to determine their relative importance to advocates selecting ad hoc labor arbitrators. The population of the study consisted of management and labor union advocates in the petroleum refining industry who routinely select ad hoc labor arbitrators. Participating management and union advocates completed a questionnaire used to gather respondents' evaluations of criteria considered in the selection of ad hoc arbitrators. Responses to statements designed for measuring relative importance of the criteria considered were recorded. Descriptive statistics, discriminant analysis, and tests of significance were used in the treatment of the data.
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Blomquist, Lars Borge. "Political-security risk in the oil and gas industry : the impact of terrorism on risk management and mitigation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96673.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: International oil and gas companies are experiencing an increase in terrorist attacks. After the oil and gas industry became a legitimate target for terrorist groups in the 1990s the number of attacks have increased yearly, with a spike after the 9/11 attacks. In today’s interconnected world political risk is not only about the relationship between the host government and the company. Oil and gas companies may experience risks on a transnational, national and human security level. Because of this, the success of new investments often depends on the successful utilization of risk management strategies. This research study focuses on the importance of political-security risk in the oil and gas industry. This is a risk-management tool to be used before and during international operations; it enables companies to be better prepared to deal with risks that may arise. In January 2013 the oil and gas industry experienced one of its deadliest attacks. The In Amenas gas facility in Algeria was attack by terrorists and in a four-day siege 40 people lost their lives. This forced the oil and gas industry to reconsider its focus on security management. As one of the contractors at the facility, Statoil undertook a thorough analysis of security at the site as well as of the company´s corporate security risk management. The report revealed a lack of focus on political-security risk. Accordingly, the main research question in this study concerns the effect of terrorism on politicalsecurity risk in the oil and gas industry; it specifically analyzes the In Amenas attack. The aim of this study is to answer this question along with two sub-questions, which complement and support the main research question. The first sub-question concerns the factors that contributed to the attack in In Amenas: why was risk mitigation not successful? The second sub-question looks at the possibilities for international oil and gas companies to mitigate the risk of terrorism; or is this a risk that can only be managed? This study argues that political-security risk has not been used to its full potential in the oil and gas industry. The oil and gas industry has always focused on site security, but a broader more holistic approach to risk management has been lacking. However, as a result of the In Amenas incident, the industry has become more willing to have a new discussion on security and this has resulted in small changes in the way companies operate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Internasionale olie- en gasmaatskappye ondervind ‘n toename in terreur aanvalle. Nadat die olie en gasindustrie ‘n wettige teiken vir tereurgroepe in die 1990s geword het, het die aantal aanvalle per jaar toegeneem, met ‘n skerp styging na die 9/11 aanvalle. In vandag se onderling verbonde wêreld hou die politiese risiko nie net verband met die verhouding tussen die gasregering en die maatskappy nie. Olie- en gasmaatskappye mag risiko’s op trans-nasionale, nasionale en menslike sekuriteitsvlak ervaar. As gevolg hiervan maak die sukses van nuwe beleggings dikwels staat op die suksesvolle gebruik van risiko-bestuur strategieë. Hierdie navorsingstudie fokus op die belang van ‘n politiese veiligheidsrisiko in die olie en gasindustrie. Hierdie is ‘n risiko-bestuur gereedskap wat gebruik sal word voor en tydens internasionale operasies; dit stel die maatskappye in staat om beter voorbereid te wees om die risiko’s wat mag voorkom te hanteer. In Januarie 2013 het die olie en gasindustrie een van die dodelikste aanvalle beleef. Die In Amenas olie-aanleg in Algerië is deur terroriste aangeval en tydens ‘n 4 dae lange inval het 40 mense hul lewens verloor. Dit het die olie en gasindustrie gedwing om hul fokus op veiligheidsbestuur te heroorweeg. As een van die kontrakteur by die aanleg het Statoil ‘n deeglike ontleding van die sekuriteit by die plek sowel as die maatskappy se korporatiewe veiligheid risikobestuur onderneem. Die verslag het ‘n gebrek aan fokus op die politiese veiligheidsrisiko getoon. Die hoof navorsingsvraag in hierdie studie het betrekking op die effek van terreur op politiese veiligheidsrisiko in die olie- en gasindustrie; dit ontleed spesifiek die In Amenas aanval. Die doel van hierdie studie is om hierdie vraag tesame met twee sub-vrae wat die hoof navorsingsvraag komplimenteer en ondersteun. Die eerste sub-vraag het betrekking op die faktore wat bygedra het tot die aanval in In Amenas: hoekom was risiko mitigasie onsuksesvol? Die tweede sub-vraag kyk na die moontlikhede vir internasionale olie- en gasmaatskappye om die risiko van terreur te versag; of is hierdie ‘n risiko wat slegs bestuur kan word? Hierdie studie argumeneer dat politiese veiligheidsrisiko nie tot sy volle potensiaal in die olie en gasindustrie gebruik is nie. Die olie en gasindustrie het altyd gefokus op die veiligheid van die plek, maar ‘n breër holistiese benadering tot risiko-bestuur het ontbreek. As gevolg van die In Amenas insident, het die industrie meer gewillig geword om ‘n nuwe bespreking oor veiligheid te hê en dit het klein veranderinge in die manier waarop maatskappye opereer tot gevolg gehad.
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Currie-Alder, Bruce Adam Barry. "Collaborative management of the Mexican coast public participation and the oil industry in the Terminos Lagoon protected area /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq61546.pdf.

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Smith, Francois. "A human resource forecast model to support new plants in the oil and gas industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85162.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The shortage of skilled labour in South Africa and also abroad is well documented and has been discussed and debated in various media and on various stages. For the construction industry, the only response is to increase remuneration in order to attract the required resources from a limited pool. At the completion of a project, these resources are returned to the open market until another project has been secured. The cycle of supply and demand then continues and project capital costs increase. Sasol is small player in a very large and fiercely competitive global petrochemical industry. Its globalisation drive focuses on the establishment on new petrochemical facilities based on its ground breaking Gas-to-Liquids technology. Naturally, this requires many skilled and experience people – both in Sasol’s unique production processes as well as people able to commission and start-up a pioneer plant in a remote location. Due to the fact that the labour pool available to Sasol is insufficient to supply in its needs and that Sasol’s capital expansion plan spans a period of more than 10 years, a long-term view on supplying the required labour should be taken. This includes estimating the demand and then training pro-actively in order to supply the right skills at the right time from internal resources. The objective of this study is to do exploratory research into estimating the manpower requirements from an owner perspective from the initiation of construction through to steady state operation of a new petrochemical facility. The research will culminate in a proposed spreadsheet model that can be used in the estimating process.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tekort aan geskoolde arbeid in beide Suid Afrika en die internasionale mark is al by verskeie geleenthede en in vele media bespreek. Die gevolg van die tekort aan geskoolde arbeid is dat die lone wat deur die konstruksie industrie aan voornemende werkers aangebied moet word om hulle dienste te verseker, al hoër word. Met die voltooiing van ’n projek, keer die werkers dan weer terug na die beperkte arbeidspoel totdat ’n volgende werksgeleentheid aangebied word. Die siklus van aanbod en aanvraag herhaal homself en die koste van projekte verhoog. Sasol is ’n klein speler in die baie mededingende internasionale petrochemiese sektor. Sasol se globaliseringsambisies is geskoei op ’n model wat voorsiening maak vir die duplisering van sy kommersieel beproefde Gas-na-Vloeistof tegnologie soos bedryf in Suid Afrika. Uit die aard van die saak vereis so ’n strategie baie geskoolde arbeid – arbeid wat vertroud is met Sasol se gepatenteerde tegnologie sowel as arbeid wat kennis het van die bou en inbedryfstelling van nuwe aanlegte. Die huidige bronne van geskoolde arbeid tot Sasol se beskikking is onvoldoende vir sy huidige en ook toekomstige behoeftes. Sasol se beplande kapitaal projekte strek tot verby 2015 en daarom is ’n langtermyn oplossing noodsaaklik en ook geregverdig. Die langtermyn plan moet onder meer voorsiening maak vir ’n beraming van die behoefte en dan proaktiewe opleiding inisieer wat die regte tipe geskoolde arbeid op die gegewe tyd sal kan aflewer. Die oogmerk van die studie is om eksploratiewe navorsing te doen in die beraming van mannekrag behoeftes vir die toekomstige eienaar vanaf die inisiëring van konstruksie vir ’n nuwe petrochemiese aanleg tot by bestendige bedryf. Die navorsing sal beslag vind in ’n sigblad model wat as instrument gebruik kan word om die beraming van mannekrag behoeftes te vergemaklik.
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Books on the topic "Petroleum industry and trade Management"

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Petroleum industry bill, May 2008. Abuja, Nigeria: Oil and Gas Sector Reforms implementation Committee, 2008.

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1969-, Rosenfeld Paul Edward, and ScienceDirect (Online service), eds. Best practices in the petroleum industry. Oxford: William Andrew, 2010.

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C, Thakur Ganesh, ed. Integrated petroleum reservoir management: A team approach. Tulsa, Okla: PennWell Books, 1994.

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The petroleum industry: A nontechnical guide. Tulsa, Okla: PennWell Pub. Co., 1999.

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M, Campbell John. Analysis and management of petroleum investments: Risk, taxes, and time. Norman, OK: CPS, 1987.

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Olorunfemi, M. A. Management of the petroleum resources in the 5th National Plan, 1986-1990: Paper. [Lagos, Nigeria?]: Nigerian National Petroleum Corp., 1985.

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Nigerian petroleum law. London: Macmillan, 1985.

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Risk analysis and management of petroleum exploration ventures. Tulsa, Okla: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2001.

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Antill, Nick. Oil company crisis: Managing structure, profitability, and growth. [Oxford, U.K.]: Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 2002.

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Sokolov, S. N. Sot︠s︡ialʹnye tekhnologii upravlenii︠a︡ v stroitelʹstve: Regionalʹnyĭ opyt. Volgograd: Volgogradskiĭ gos. universitet, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Petroleum industry and trade Management"

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Moog, Wilfried E. "Facility management in the trade show industry." In Trade Show Management, 159–71. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-05658-4_12.

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Weber, Rolf. "Personnel development in the trade show industry." In Trade Show Management, 853–60. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-05658-4_61.

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Jablonowski, Bernd. "Russia’s trade show industry — central planning and perestroika." In Trade Show Management, 575–86. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-05658-4_41.

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Ayelazuno, Jasper Abembia, and Ishmael Ayanoore. "The Social Injustices of Ghana’s Oil Industry." In Petroleum Resource Management in Africa, 449–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83051-9_14.

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Kojo Stephens, Thomas, and Theophilus Acheampong. "Conclusion: The Future of Ghana’s Petroleum Industry." In Petroleum Resource Management in Africa, 607–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83051-9_18.

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Schellkes, Wolfgang. "Development of the trade fair industry in the Triad." In Trade Show Management, 587–95. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-05658-4_42.

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Neven, Peter. "Training/further training for the trade fair and congress industry." In Trade Show Management, 835–51. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-05658-4_60.

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Witt, Jochen. "The significance of non-space products in the trade fair industry." In Trade Show Management, 419–29. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-05658-4_29.

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Kresse, Hermann. "The importance of associations and institutions in the trade fair industry." In Trade Show Management, 85–97. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-05658-4_7.

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Adadzi, Ferdinand D., Nana Serwah Godson-Amamoo, and Jemima Nunoo. "The Ghanaian State and Governance of the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry." In Petroleum Resource Management in Africa, 349–402. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83051-9_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Petroleum industry and trade Management"

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Winarski, Tyson, and Tuan Ahn Nguyen. "Protecting Proprietary Software in the Petroleum Industry." In ASME 2002 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2002/comp-29061.

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The development, management, and exploitation of Intellectual Property is critical to the health and prosperity of the Petroleum Industry. This paper provides a summary of how Petroleum companies can protect their proprietary software. Specifically, this paper will address the risks and benefits associated with protecting proprietary software through copyrights, patents, or trade secrets. With this background, the paper will address how Petroleum Companies can optimally develop, manage, and exploit their Intellectual Property to maximize industry production, efficiency, and profitability.
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Rijkure, Astrida. "LNG Terminal Development Facilities in Latvia Basing on the Experience of Other States." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.009.

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Liquefaction of natural gas provides great opportunities for its trade and transportation, making it cost-effective and accessible to places where installing pipelines is impossible or economically unjustified. Liquefied natural gas also opens opportunities for market diversification, if the region is tied to one supplier, as it is in Latvia, with potential positive effects on both the market price and the region's energy security. In view of the growing LNG trade and transport industry, the article studies the possibility to import natural gas in liquefied form. Neither Latvia or Estonia has largescale facilities to import natural gas in liquefied form. The only natural gas sources are natural gas imported from Russia through piping. Latvia and Estonia can import and store liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is the drained by-product of natural gas extraction and liquefaction process, ethane and butane. Lithuania has the only LNG import terminal in the Baltic countries. The aim of the study is to understand the feasibility and validity of constructing a LNG terminal in Latvian territory based on the Lithuanian experience
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Burr, Alexa S., S. David Toth, and Colin M. Frazier. "API RP 1173 Pipeline SMS Third-Party Assessment Program: A Key Industry Tool for Evaluating and Supporting Implementation of Pipeline Safety Management Systems." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9370.

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Abstract Since the publication of API Recommended Practice (RP) 1173: Pipeline Safety Management Systems, in July 2015, the energy pipeline trade groups in North America (American Petroleum Institute, Association of Oil Pipelines, American Gas Association, Interstate Natural Gas Association of America, and the American Public Gas Association) have worked collaboratively to develop tools and programs to assist energy pipeline operators with the development and implementation of Pipeline Safety Management System (Pipeline SMS) programs and processes. These resources include a Planning Tool, Implementation Tool and Evaluation Tool, as well as an industry-developed Maturity Model that describes a continuum of implementation levels, based on conformance to RP 1173 as well as implementation effectiveness. These resources can be found online and are supplemented by the Pipeline SMS Third-Party Assessment Program developed by API. Applying API’s experiences with successful safety programs in other segments and with significant contributions from the Pipeline SMS Implementation Team (aforementioned trade groups and various industry operators), the Pipeline SMS Third-Party Assessment Program is designed to be a key tool to facilitate Pipeline SMS implementation and to share and benchmark information to drive improvements in safety performance. The assessments also provide the pipeline industry with an objective, third-party option to test their systems and address the conformity auditing (API RP 1173, Section 10.2.2) and performance and maturity evaluation (API RP 1173, Section 10.2.3 to 10.2.5) requirements of the recommended practice. In 2019, pilot assessments were conducted and in 2020 the Assessment Program is being implemented. Through the piloting process, significant insights were gained into the practical application of the industry Maturity Model and how the assessments can contribute to an operator’s journey improving safety performance. Aligning with the flexibility and scalability goals of RP 1173, the pilot experiences included liquids transmission and gas distribution operators with varying approaches to pipeline SMS implementation. We will discuss the lessons learned through the piloting process and how the plan-do-check-act cycle was applied to improve the processes for planning, staffing and conducting the assessments to ensure that value is being provided to the pipeline industry. An independent assessment through the API Pipeline SMS Third-Party Assessment Program can validate internal efforts to increase maturity of programs, as well as provide operators with benchmarking data so that they can understand where other operators are in their maturity journey.
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Pearson, Robert, George Brindle, and Babatunde Anifowose. "Professional Development of a Production & Facilities Generalist as a Jack-of-All-Trades." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210035-ms.

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Abstract This paper looks at the Professional Development of a Production and Facilities (P&F) Generalist ("a Jack-of-All-Trades"). It discusses the criticality of Continuous Professional Development (CPD) and how to take advantage of the SPE Volunteer Opportunities and Programs (Training Services, Competency Development Matrices, and the Competency Management Tool (CMT)). Most professionals in the SPE Production & Facilities Community graduate with variety of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) degrees and many pick up applied Petroleum Engineering and Project Management knowledge on the job. The SPE Competency Matrices provide a framework for developing: A minimum Breadth of Knowledge either as an undergraduate or during the first year of employment in the Exploration & Production (E&P) Sector of the Energy Business. A minimum Depth of Knowledge, acquired over the first 4-5 years or so, in General Engineering and their chosen (or assigned) Technical Function, in this case, either Production & Operations (P&O) or Projects, Facilities & Construction (P, F & C). The mid-career period is often a time of significant turbulence and confusion with many generalists testing-out or being assigned to a variety of roles, such as Subject Matter Experts, Team Leads, Supervisors, and Project Managers, or with other functions and/or new companies before settling on a longer-term career path. Traditional paths for knowledge development are further complicated by an increased focus on Data Science & Engineering Analysis (DSEA), Sustainability, Decarbonization, and the Energy Transition, along with a need to reinforce our Social License to Operate. The largest corporations and major training organizations, including the SPE, provide Competency Management Tools to help practitioners identify proficiency gaps and training requirements for a current or anticipated future assignments. Similarly, the SPE provides ongoing support not only with Business Management Leadership (Soft Skills) Training but also through the Technical Communities and Sections. In the final analysis, most P&F Generalists are "value-creation professionals" who just happen to work in the Upstream Oil & Gas Industry and have working knowledge of the acronyms and terminologies typically used in our profession.
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Deuel, L. E., and G. H. Holliday. "Evolution of Oil and Gas Waste/Soil Remediation Regulations." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80460.

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The meaningful United States regulation of onshore oil and gas field waste/soil commenced in the mid 1980’s in response to a series of state, federal, industry and international initiatives. Most initiatives centered on the design, construction and operation of earthen pits used in the exploration and production of oil and gas (E&P). Prior to this time, earthen pits were constructed as needed by the operator and used in all phases of E&P activity. Chief concerns of the regulators were focused on what had gone into pits historically, what was going into them currently and was the E&P exemption excluding high volume E&P wastes from the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations justified. Several investigations, including the comprehensive field study by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1987, determined E&P wastes are ostensibly non-hazardous. EPA concluded regulation of E&P wastes under RCRA Subtitle C was not necessary. To this day there is no U. S. federal regulatory program with exclusive jurisdiction over exempt E&P wastes. Other studies, primarily industry and academic, focusing on land limiting constituents, management practices and pit closure strategies revealed sodium salts and petroleum hydrocarbon in the form of diesel range organics were the primary limiting constituents. One state, Louisiana, adopted the technical aspects of these studies and developed a comprehensive regulation known as Statewide Order 29-B, which was based on the concept of limiting constituents and defined post closure performance standards. These standards limited salinity, sodicity, total metals and total petroleum hydrocarbon (oil & grease) with values varying with respect to landform, land use and closure technique. Other states have adopted some of the concepts and criteria advanced under 29-B but none are as comprehensive. Obviously there is a need to control what goes into pits and how pits should be closed. The industry would best be served by adopting the concepts and standards set forth in the Louisiana 29-B regulation. A few of the provisions could be changed to make it more palatable to industry without sacrificing the protection afforded human and animal health, safety and the environment. Internationally, particularly countries in South America embraced USEPA protocol for testing characteristically hazardous wastes, but 1) without the framework to handle the relatively large volume of non-hazardous E&P waste generated and 2) no regulations or protocols for on-site waste management. Several operators, although partners with state owned oil companies, on their own volition, applied the concepts and standards under Louisiana’s 29-B to rainforests in South America and rice paddies in Indonesia. Canada and European oil and gas producing countries have developed stringent standards not based on science, which favor costly treatment technologies. Generally, these countries prohibit cost effective on-site waste management and closure techniques. This paper traces the evolution of waste/soil remediation within the United States and internationally. We trace the progress as a function of time; the impetus for regulation; and probable future controls.
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Eskijian, M. L. "An Integrated Reservoir Database Management System." In Petroleum Industry Application of Microcomputers. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/15291-ms.

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Baxter, L. R., E. A. Gerchman, and A. W. Iyoho. "The Computer as an inventory Management Tool." In Petroleum Industry Application of Microcomputers. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/15307-ms.

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Odemene, Glory C. "Crises Management in the Oil and Gas Industry." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-17607-ms.

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Lopuch, K., L. Syrett, J. Conrad, and H. J. Steenhuis. "Technology, quality and trade in the apple industry." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2011.6118199.

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"A Review of Thailand’s Intra-Industry Trade with ASEAN." In International Conference on Trends in Economics, Humanities and Management. International Centre of Economics, Humanities and Management, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/icehm.ed0814062.

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Reports on the topic "Petroleum industry and trade Management"

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Blunt, D. L., and K. P. Smith. Dose assessment for management alternatives for NORM-contaminated equipment within the petroleum industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/105853.

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Smith, K. P., D. L. Blunt, G. P. Williams, and C. L. Tebes. Radiological dose assessment related to management of naturally occurring radioactive materials generated by the petroleum industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/71327.

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Smith, K. P., D. L. Blunt, G. P. Williams, and C. L. Tebes. Radiological dose assessment related to management of naturally occurring radioactive materials generated by the petroleum industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/414355.

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