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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Petroleum Exploration and Production'
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1
Williamson, Paul E. "Managing technical advice for regulation : the case of petroleum exploration and production /." Canberra : University of Canberra, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20070820.123307/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) -- University of Canberra, 2007.<br>Thesis submitted to fulfil the requirements of the unit of Masters Thesis in Administration, and complete the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Administration, University of Canberra, July 2007. Bibliography: leaves 177-205.
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Williamson, Paul Edwin, and n/a. "Managing Technical Advice for Regulation: The Case of Petroleum Exploration and Production." University of Canberra. Business & Government, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070820.123307.
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Governments, the community and industry expect public policy to be implemented
effectively and efficiently, particularly when that policy and regulation affects the
economic well being and environmental values of the nation. The offshore petroleum
exploration and production industry is a case where public policy and regulation are
attracting national focus through discussions on the timing of world peak oil production
and the future of national and global oil and gas production. An overseas history of
famous environmental disasters associated with petroleum exploration and production
and transportation also ensures a specific focus on the environmental regulation of the
industry.
This study elaborates the history and characteristics of the offshore petroleum E&Pindustries in Australia and the US, and the systems and processes used to provide
technical advice that informs and advises the regulation of those industries. The study
then analyses the management of technical advice for government regulation of the
offshore petroleum exploration and production (E&P) industry in Australia using the US
equivalent as benchmark. Further, the analysis develops a model that incorporates
strategic and operational elements of such advice. Strategic elements include openness,
transparency and accountability, and operational elements include use of expertise,
timeliness and peer communication.
The study illustrates the relative challenges to providing technical advice under
Australia�s Westminister form of government which can be less open, transparent and
accountable when compared to the US Congressional form of government. The study
also shows the greater use of expertise and peer communication associated with the more
extensive petroleum research effort in the US, reflecting the greater age and size of its
petroleum industry.
3
Al-Farsi, Afkar Nadhim. "Radiological aspects of petroleum exploration and production in the sultanate of Oman." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/29817/.
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This thesis is a study of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) activity concentration, gamma dose rate and radon (222Rn) exhalation from the waste streams of large-scale onshore petroleum operations. Types of activities covered included; sludge recovery from separation tanks, sludge farming, NORM storage, scaling in oil tubulars, scaling in gas production and sedimentation in produced water evaporation ponds. Field work was conducted in the arid desert terrain of an operational oil exploration and production region in the Sultanate of Oman.
The main radionuclides found were 226Ra and 210Pb (238U - series), 228Ra and 228Th (232Th - series), and 227Ac (235U - series), along with 40K. All activity concentrations were higher than the ambient soil level and varied over several orders of magnitude. The range of gamma dose rates at a 1 m height above ground for the farm treated sludge had a range of 0.06 0.43 µSv h 1, and an average close to the ambient soil mean of 0.086 ± 0.014 µSv h 1, whereas the untreated sludge gamma dose rates had a range of 0.07 1.78 µSv h 1, and a mean of 0.456 ± 0.303 µSv h 1. The geometric mean of ambient soil 222Rn exhalation rate for area surrounding the sludge was mBq m 2 s 1. Radon exhalation rates reported in oil waste products were all higher than the ambient soil value and varied over three orders of magnitude.
This study resulted in some unique findings including: (i) detection of radiotoxic 227Ac in the oil scales and sludge, (ii) need of a new empirical relation between petroleum sludge activity concentrations and gamma dose rates, and (iii) assessment of exhalation of 222Rn from oil sludge. Additionally the study investigated a method to determine oil scale and sludge age by the use of inherent behaviour of radionuclides as 228Ra:226Ra and 228Th:228Ra activity ratios.
4
Meyer, Jeremy Joel. "The determination and application of in situ stresses in petroleum exploration and production." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm6127.pdf.
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"August 2002" Bibliography: leaves 226-238. This thesis applies standard techniques, and develops new techniques for in situ stress determination from data acquired in petroleum exploration. The techniques are applied in four case studies, the Swan Lake Field, South Australia, The Mereenie Field, Northern Territory, the Gulf of Thailand and the Otway Basin, South Australia. The impact of the resultant in situ stress data on exploration and development plans is assessed.
5
Jakobsson, Kristofer. "Petroleum Production and Exploration : Approaching the End of Cheap Oil with Bottom-Up Modeling." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Globala energisystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-163181.
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The theme of this thesis is the depletion of petroleum (crude oil and natural gas). Are there reasons to be concerned about an ‘end of cheap oil’ in the near future? There is a lively debate regarding this issue. The debate is sometimes described as a clash of ‘concerned’ natural scientists and ‘unconcerned’ economists. However, this clash is both harmful and unnecessary. The views of natural scientists and economists can and should be reconciled. At the micro-level, geological and physical factors (such as diminishing reservoir productivity) are parameters in the producer’s economic optimization problem. Bottom-up modeling therefore appears to hold more promise for forming a common understanding of depletion than prevailing top-down models, such as the controversial Hubbert model. The appended papers treat various aspects of petroleum depletion: critical examination of top-down scenarios (I); bottom-up economic and geologic modeling of regional production (II); review of published bottom-up models and sensitivity analysis (III); simulation of success rates and expectations in oil exploration (IV); bottom-up scenarios of future natural gas production in Norway (V) and Russia (VI); empirical analysis of production profiles of giant oil fields (VII). Bottom-up models have the potential to be accepted by scientists from different disciplines, and they enable interpretable sensitivity analyses. They are, however, not likely to reduce quantitative uncertainty in long-term scenarios. There is theoretical evidence of the possibility that petroleum scarcity occurs long before the recoverable resource is close to exhaustion. This result is a consequence of both geological and economical factors. Several arguments for an ‘unconcerned’ view are at best uncertain, and at worst relying on questionable assumptions (analyzing reserves rather than production flows, using irrelevant reserve definitions, using average cost instead of marginal cost). The considerable uncertainty regarding an issue of such importance is in itself a cause for concern.
6
Choong, Peng Kee. "A comparison of uncertainty analysis methods for the modeling of land disposal of petroleum exploration and production waste." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08182009-040359/.
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MEDEIROS, FABIO PEREIRA DE. "POLLUTANTS AND GHG EMISSION ASSOCIATED TO MARITIME TRANSPORT IN THE PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION IN CAMPOS BASIN." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=17553@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>O avanço da exploração de petróleo no Brasil nos conduziu
progressivamente para o alto mar, onde se descobriu a maior parte dos campos de
petróleo nacionais. O crescimento da atividade offshore e a crescente utilização de
plataformas FPSO resultaram num aumento das atividades de embarcações
relacionadas com o processo de exploração e produção de petróleo,
principalmente na região da Bacia de Campos, principal pólo produtor. Entretanto,
a expansão da atividade marítima também implica em uma maior emissão de
poluentes, por serem embarcações que utilizam óleo diesel ou bunker como
combustível, trazendo conseqüências ao meio ambiente e aos seres humanos. A
presente dissertação quantifica as emissões de poluentes e gases de efeito estufa
dos navios envolvidos na atividade de exploração e produção de petróleo na Bacia
de Campos. A metodologia empregada considerou uma abordagem bottom-up
para estimar o consumo energético das embarcações, baseado em dados sobre a
quantidade, as características e as atividades dos navios envolvidos.
Posteriormente, usou-se fatores de emissão para determinar as quantidades de
poluentes emitidos. Os resultados foram confrontados com dados de emissões em
escala regional, nacional e internacional, onde se pôde concluir que os valores de
emissões obtidos são significativos. Discussões finais apresentam métodos e
oportunidades de se reduzir as emissões provenientes de navios, indicam
sugestões para pesquisas complementares e relacionam os resultados obtidos com
a importância do pagamento de royaties para os estados e municípios produtores
de petróleo.<br>The progress of the petroleum exploration in Brazil led us more and more to
the high-seas, where most of the national petroleum fields were discovered. The
increase of the offshore production and the growing usage of FPSO platforms
resulted in a higher activity level of the ships related to the petroleum exploration
and production process, mainly at the Campos Basin region, the main producer
zone in Brazil. However, the expansion of the maritime activity also implicates in
higher pollutants emission, since the vessels use marine diesel or bunker as fuel,
bringing consequences to the environment and to human beings. The present
dissertation quantifies the pollutants and greenhouse gases emissions from ships
involved with the petroleum exploration and production at Campos Basin. The
applied methodology considered a bottom-up approach to estimate the energy
consumption of the ships, based on quantity, characteristics and activity data
regarding the related ships. Thereafter, emission factors were used to determine
the amount of each emitted pollutants. The results were compared with
international, national and regional emission data, what led us to conclude that the
achieved emission values are significant. Final discussions introduce methods and
opportunities to reduce emissions from ships, indicate suggestions for
complementary researches and connect the obtained results with the importance of
paying royalties to the petroleum producer states and cities.
8
Shereih, Kenanah [Verfasser], Wilhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] Dominik, Hans-Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Lenz, and Gerhard [Gutachter] Franz. "Economics modeling for petroleum exploration and production projects considering risk and imprecise data / Kenanah Shereih ; Gutachter: Gerhard Franz ; Wilhelm Dominik, Hans-Joachim Lenz." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156184193/34.
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Tungaraza, Joseph Mtebe. "Legal reform of oil and gas law in Tanzania in relation to foreign direct investment." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4772.
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Magister Legum - LLM<br>The objective of this study is to analyse the law relating to exploration and
production of oil and gas in Tanzania in relation to the protection of FDI. The
analysis will be based on the international standards for the protection of FDI. Some
of these standards are contained in international instruments and some of them
have attained the status of customary international law. Examples of such standards include: Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET), Full Protection and Security
(FPS), non-arbitrariness and non-discrimination, among others. Some
international instruments to be referred to include the 1992 World Bank Guidelines
on Treatment of FDI and the CERDS.
10
Soares, Lucas Santana Furtado. "Regimes fiscais na indústria do petróleo: a influência de características contratuais na atratividade econômica de projetos de exploração e produção." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18429.
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Previous issue date: 2017-05-12<br>The Oil industry is known to be one of the most profitable industries in the world. A key challenge for all oil-production country is to stay attractive for business without giving up the extreme large oil rents. Designing a good fiscal system is a necessary condition in order to maintain the balance between companies and Government goals or requirements. In 2013, Brazil legislation changed in other to implement a new production share fiscal system that would coexist with the 1998 concession system. This type o change is easily seen in the regulatory framework history of other countries. There is a dedicated section with examples of regulatory mechanisms for rent capture. This work focus on the study of a country oil and gas fiscal system and its influence on the E&P project attractiveness. An engineering development model is designed for a presalt carbonate reservoir located at ultra deep waters (the type of reservoir covered by the new partition share contract). It is also discussed that the difference among all the fiscal system is, majorly, the oil property and the payment method. Apart from that, one can make the outputs of a concession system become equivalent to a production sharing system simply by changing the inputs. A cash flow curve is calculated for each engineering model for different field volumes in each type of contract. This mean that the cash flow curve is more than a simple mathematical function, its is modeled in order to reflect the operational reality of an oil field. Each cash flow, and its net present value, are linked with its fiscal system characteristics. Finally, the differences between the cash flow net present value are the base for a critical analysis about the each fiscal system. At the final section, an analysis is performed in order to compare different fiscal systems on an exploratory framework. Finally, it is discussed the exploratory risks and its influence on the attractiveness of private capital in public bids.<br>O montante financeiro advindo das atividades de exploração e produção (E&P) de petróleo tornam esta indústria uma das rentáveis do mundo. Manter um ambiente de negócios atrativos para o investimento privado no país sem prejudicar a captura de renda do Governo é um desafio atual de todos os países produtores. Desenhar um bom regime fiscal é condição primordial para equilibrar a balança de objetivos do Governo e da indústria. Recentemente o Brasil passou por uma mudança nos termos do seu regime fiscal. Em 2013 foi realizado o primeiro leilão de partilha. Mudanças no regime fiscal são comuns na história de diversos países. Há um capítulo dedicado à descrição de exemplo de mecanismos utilizados no Brasil e no mundo. Esta dissertação tem como foco o estudo do regime fiscal e sua influência na atratividade de projetos de E&P. Mais especificamente, modelou-se a concepção de engenharia para desenvolvimento de um campo de produção em reservatório carbonático pré-sal localizados em águas ultraprofundas (província abrangida pelo novo marco regulatório). Também é discutido o fato de que a maior diferença entre os regimes fiscais é a propriedade do óleo e a forma de remuneração da empresa. Fora isto, é possível desenhar um contrato de concessão que produza os mesmos resultados financeiros esperados de um contrato de partilha. A partir da concepção da curva de produção gerada pelo modelo de engenharia, foi possível construir um fluxo de caixa em cada cenário de volume disponível. Ou seja, o fluxo de caixa, mais do que ser uma simples função financeira, foi modelada para refletir a realidade operacional de um campo real de produção. Este fluxo de caixa, e seu valor presente líquido, está diretamente ligado às características do regime fiscal. É através das diferenças entre as análises que se faz uma reflexão crítica acerca dos regimes. Por fim, é feita a comparação entre regimes fiscais com diferentes características levando-se em conta algumas premissas de portfólio eficiente. Para tal aborda-se o tema de risco exploratório e sua influência na atratividade de investimento privado em leilões de blocos exploratórios.
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Coelho, Alberto Carlos Caldeira Costa. "Risco operacional no descomissionamento de unidade marítima fixa de exploração e produção de petróleo." Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2010. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/847.
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Previous issue date: 2010-11-04<br>Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e avaliar a gestão dos possíveis grandes riscos (de grandes consequências), existentes no descomissionamento realizado na indústria do petróleo em ambiente offshore de uma unidade marítima fixa de exploração e produção do tipo jaqueta, localizada na Bacia de Campos, com uma lâmina d`água aproximadamente de 150 metros. Serão contemplados os grandes riscos e os cenários que se desdobram, a partir da identificação dos mesmos visando segurança operacional, ambiental e saúde ocupacional. Segundo estimativas de 2001, existiam cerca de 8.000 plataformas de petróleo offshore e 700 sondas de perfuração de poços exploratórios em mais de 500 campos em desenvolvimento, situados em mais de 100 países diferentes. Nos próximos vinte anos, se espera que mais de 6.500 plataformas e instalações venham a ser descomissionadas a um custo estimado de 20 a 40 bilhões de dólares. Entretanto, é bom lembrar que operação de descomissionamento de uma unidade marítima fixa de mesma proporção da do escopo deste trabalho, e em situação de localização idêntica, ainda não foi realizada por nenhuma operadora em nosso país.<br>This work aims to identify and assess potential major risks (huge consequences), existing decommissioning performed in the petroleum industry in offshore environment of a fixed unit of maritime exploration and production of kind jacket located in the Campos Basin with water depths of 150 meters. Will be addressed major risks and scenarios that unfold from their identification. According to estimates by 2001 there were about 8,000 offshore oil platforms and 700 rigs drilling exploratory wells in over 500 fields under development in more than 100 countries. In the next twenty years is expected to more than 6,500 platforms and facilities will be decommissioned at an estimated cost 29-40 billion dollars. However, it is good to remember that decommissioning operation of a maritime unit fixed proportion to the scope of this work and in the same situation and location, has not yet to be performed by any operator in our country.
12
Kyepa, Timothy. "Integrating national oil companies in the corporate governance discourse: a comparative analysis of the Norwegian state oil company (statoil) and the proposed national oil company of Uganda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3592_1363783163.
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Desbarats, C. M. "Empirical modelling of Canadian petroleum exploration activity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381862.
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Herz, Clarence Anthony. "Petroleum exploration history in north dakota to 1951." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1548459.
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<p> The delayed discovery of oil in North Dakota resulted from remoteness, environment, and economic disadvantage, three of the six themes of Elwyn B. Robinson. Initially, lacking outside capital, the local explorers turned to their communities from 1917 to 1935 to raise the capital necessary to search for oil. As a result a complex group united to raise the capital necessary, but did not discover oil. The Great Depression ushered in the era of outside capital from 1937 to the successful discovery of oil on April 4, 1951. During this entire exploration period the state legislature, restricted by a lack of tax revenue, was unable to properly fund the North Dakota Geologic Survey. The survey achieved only marginal success throughout this exploration period. This history of early petroleum exploration not only enhances public knowledge but also lays the groundwork for further research toward a complete history of the industry.</p>
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Herz, Clarence Anthony. "Petroleum Exploration History in North Dakota to 1951." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27139.
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The delayed discovery of oil in North Dakota resulted from remoteness, environment, and economic disadvantage, three of the six themes of Elwyn B. Robinson. Initially, lacking outside capital, the local explorers turned to their communities from 1917 to 1935 to raise the capital necessary to search for oil. As a result a complex group united to raise the capital necessary, but did not discover oil. The Great Depression ushered in the era of outside capital from 1937 to the successful discovery of oil on April 4, 1951. During this entire exploration period the state legislature, restricted by a lack of tax revenue, was unable to properly fund the North Dakota Geologic Survey. The survey achieved only marginal success throughout this exploration period. This history of early petroleum exploration not only enhances public knowledge but also lays the groundwork for further research toward a complete history of the industry.
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Venugopal, Sajith Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "The economics of petroleum exploration and development in India." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Petroleum Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23410.
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This thesis provides the background to and an analysis of the economics of exploring for and developing oil and gas discoveries in India. It is aimed at helping the oil and gas industry assess the financial attractiveness of investment in that country. The thesis describes the geography, climate, infrastructure, and energy market with an emphasis on how these affect upstream oil and gas industry investment. A detailed description and analysis is given of the petroleum production sharing contract ("PSC") terms embodied in India's New Exploration Licensing Policy ("NELP"), and demonstrates that, depending on negotiations, Government Take under NELP terms is likely to be in the range 50% to 60% for a stand-alone petroleum development. However, PSC terms are regressive for marginal discoveries. In particular, State royalties might hinder the development of small or marginal discoveries and render them uneconomic. As an illustration, depending on the oil price, up to 6 MMbbls of oil in otherwise economically viable small fields in a geological basin might be made uneconomic and left stranded because of the effect of royalties. The thesis also analyses the economics of developing a sample of actual Indian oil and gas fields offshore the east and west coasts of the country in shallow and deep water. Onshore field developments are not analysed because of lack of data. All of the offshore developments analysed are profitable based on past and current economic conditions and knowledge. The majority are also relatively low-risk investments. Finally, the thesis evaluates the profitability of new oil and gas exploration and development offshore the east and west coasts of India. The required minimum size of new exploration prospects are in the range 10 to 17 MMbbls for oil prospects and 138 to 1,100 Bcf for gas prospects assuming a low probability of success. Once a new discovery is made, the required minimum economically developable reserves are 4 to 12 MMbbls for oil discoveries and 63 to 1,400 Bcf for gas discoveries.
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Hou, Wanwan Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "The economics of petroleum exploration and development in China." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Petroleum Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43347.
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The international oil and gas industry views China as a key country in its search for petroleum exploration and development investment opportunities. China offers a range of opportunities ?? from mature, producing areas to frontier exploration areas. When Oil and gas companies make investment decisions to explore for and develop petroleum resources in a particular country, they need to examine many aspects of that country. The decision to invest focuses on assessments of the likely economic rewards and the risks involved. In this thesis, I attempt to provide a detailed assessment of various factors affecting the economics of petroleum exploration and development in China from an oil and gas investors?? point of view. The thesis is aimed at assisting international oil and gas companies to make investment decisions and assisting their understanding of the petroleum prospects in China. Based on detailed economic modelling, the thesis aims to demonstrate the profitability of exploration and development of a range of hypothetical but representative oil and gas prospects and discoveries in different areas in onshore and offshore China. The thesis also reviews the key fiscal terms in China and shows the economic impact of individual components of Chinese fiscal terms on field developments in China. The thesis quantifies and analyses the impact of Chinese fiscal terms by measuring the Government Take for a range of hypothetical oil field developments. It includes an analysis of the flexibility of the Chinese fiscal terms by quantifying the effect of Government Take on marginal field developments. In addition, the thesis intends to assess the competitiveness of Chinese fiscal regime in terms of its severity and flexibility as compared to other fiscal regimes in the Asia Pacific Region.
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Dilger, Christoph Walter. "Project risk management for international petroleum exploration and development ventures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ64932.pdf.
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Alghammdi, Majed Mohammed A. "Applications of SIFT-MS to the Environment and Petroleum Exploration." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4425.
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In this project, “selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry” (SIFT-MS), a sensitive analytical technique, reveals potential for the development of applications in the environment and petroleum areas. Many prior applications have shown their potential for analyzing samples in widely disparate areas. Its fast analysis process and high sensitivity gives it a significant advantage over more conventional methods. This project is directed at expanding this technology to more applications in the petroleum and air quality areas.
The application to the petroleum industry has shown that SIFT-MS can quantify H2S and CH3SH in natural gas to 11.8 and 1.2 ppbv, respectively. The SIFT-MS results showed a good linear response with increasing sulfide concentrations by using the H3O+ reagent ion to quantify H2S, CH3SH, and the total combined concentration of DMS and C2H5SH. The ability to use the SIFT-MS instrument to trace chemical tracers, such as bromobenzene and chlorobenzene in hydrocarbon mediums, was also investigated. SIFT-MS showed also the capacity to trace these compounds in natural gas and LPG. The limits of detection (LOD) were also obtained. This study furthermore, found the utility of the NO+ reagent ion to analyse qualitatively some of the large hydrocarbons. Unfortunately, however, the SIFT-MS reactions could not distinguish between the structural isomers of these aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and there was probable conflict between the fragmentation product ions with smaller hydrocarbons.
From the air quality perspective, the SIFT-MS also proved its potential for use in air monitoring, using passive techniques and particularly for BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene) compounds. The study illustrated SIFT-MS’s ability to deal with thermal desorption and passive methodology in general. Ecan (Environmental Canterbury) routinely examines environmental pollutants in Christchurch air by passive sampling methodologies. In this study, we compared and achieved agreement by comparing the result of thermal desorption-SIFT-MS (TD-SIFT-MS) of Christchurch air with the more conventional methodologies of TD-GC-MS and the Ecan agency measurements.
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ALMEIDA, LUCIANA FALETTI. "THE OPTIMIZATION OF PETROLEUM FIELD EXPLORATION ALTERNATIVES USING EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3522@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>Esta dissertação investiga um sistema baseado em algoritmos
genéticos e algoritmos culturais, aplicado ao processo de
desenvolvimento de um campo de petróleo.
O desenvolvimento de um campo de petróleo consiste, neste
caso, da disposição de poços num reservatório petrolífero,
já conhecido e delimitado, que permita maximizar o Valor
Presente Líquido. Uma disposição de poços define a
quantidade e posição de poços produtores e injetores e do
tipo de poço (horizontalou vertical) a serem empregados no
processo de exploração.
O objetivo do trabalho é avaliar o desempenho de Algoritmos
Genéticos e Algoritmos Culturais como métodos de apoio à
decisão na otimização de alternativas de produção em
reservatórios petrolíferos.
Determinar a localização de novos poços de petróleo em um
reservatório é um problema complexo que depende de
propriedades do reservatório e critérios econômicos, entre
outros fatores. Para que um processo de otimização possa ser
aplicado nesse problema, é necessário definir uma função
objetivo a ser minimizada ou maximizada pelo processo. No
problema em questão, a função objetivo a ser maximizada é o
Valor Presente Líquido (VPL). Para se estabelecer o VPL,
subtrai-se os gastos com a exploração do valor
correspondente ao volume de petróleo estimado da reserva.
Devido à complexidade do perfil de produção de petróleo,
exige-se a utilização de simuladores de reservatório para
esta estimativa. Deste modo, um simulador de reservatórios
é parte integrante da função de avaliação.
O trabalho de pesquisa foi desenvolvido em quatro etapas:
um estudo sobre a área de exploração de petróleo; um estudo
dos modelos da inteligência computacional empregados nesta
área; a definição e implementação de um modelo genético e
cultural para o desenvolvimento de campo petrolífero e o
estudo de caso.
O estudo sobre a área de exploração de campo de petróleo
envolveu a teoria necessária para a construção da função
objetivo.
No estudo sobre as técnicas de inteligência computacional
definiu-se os conceitos principais sobre Algoritmo Genético
e Algoritmo Cultural empregados nesta dissertação.
A modelagem de um Algoritmo Genético e Cultural constitui
no emprego dos mesmos, para que dado um reservatório
petrolífero, o sistema tenha condições de reconhecê-lo e
desenvolvê-lo, ou seja, encontrar a configuração
(quantidade, localização e tipo de poços) que atinja um
maior Valor Presente Líquido.
Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho indicam a viabilidade
da utilização de Algoritmos Genéticos e Algoritmos
Culturais no desenvolvimento de campos de petróleo.<br>This dissertation investigates a system based in genetic algorithms and cultural algorithms, applied to the
development process of a petroleum field. The development of a petroleum field consists in the placement of wells in an already known and delimited petroleum reservoir, which allows maximizing the Net Present Value. A placement of wells defines the quantity and position of the producing wells, the injecting wells,
and the wells type (horizontal or vertical) to be used in the exploration process. The objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of Genetic Algorithms and Cultural Algorithms as decision support methods on the optimization of production alternatives in petroleum reservoirs. Determining the new petroleum wells location in a reservoir is a complex problem that depends on the properties of the reservoir and on economic criteria, among other factors. In order to an optimization process to be applied to this problem, it s necessary to define a target function to be minimized or maximized by the process. In the given problem, the target function to be maximized is the Net Present Value (NPV). In order to establish the NPV, the exploration cost correspondent to the estimated reservoir petroleum volume is deducted. The complexity of
the petroleum s production profile implies on the use of reservoirs simulators for this estimation. In this way, a reservoir simulator is an integrant part of the evaluation function. The research work was developed in four phases: a study about the petroleum exploration field; a study about the applied computational intelligence models in this area; the definition and implementation of a genetic and cultural model for the development of petroliferous fields and the case study. The study about the petroleum exploration field involved all the necessary theory for the building of the target function. In the study about the computational intelligence techniques, the main concepts about the Genetic Algorithms and Cultural Algorithms applied in this dissertation were defined. The modeling of Genetic and Cultural Algorithms consisted in applying them so that, given a petroleum reservoir, the system is capable of evolve and find configurations (quantity, location and wells type) that achieve greater Net Present Values. The results obtained in this work, indicate that the use of Genetic Algorithms and Cultural Algorithms in the
development of petroleum fields is a promising alternative.
21
Tang, Zhaohui. "Reservoir diagenesis in the Junggar Basin, northwest China." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296824.
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Grodal, Evert Olaus. "Designing primary hydrocarbon production separation systems : a mathematical programming formulation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12084.
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Liadey, Dickson M. "Spatial Ontology for the Production Domain of Petroleum Geology." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/46.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
The availability of useful information for research strongly depends on well structured relationships between consistently defined concepts (terms) in that domain. This can be achieved through ontologies. Ontologies are models of the knowledge of specific domain such as petroleum geology, in a computer understandable format. Knowledge is a collection of facts. Facts are represented by RDF triples (subject-predicate-object). A domain ontology is therefore a collection of many RDF triples, which represent facts of that domain. The SWEET ontologies are upper or top-level ontologies (foundation ontologies) consisting of thousands of very general concepts. These concepts are obtained from of Earth System science and include other related concepts. The work in this thesis deals with scientific knowledge representation in which the SWEET ontologies are extended to include wider, more specific and specialized concepts used in Petroleum Geology. Thus Petroleum Geology knowledge modeling is presented in this thesis.
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Shar, Abdul Majeed. "Petrophysical properties of fault rock : implications for petroleum production." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10434/.
Full textAbstract:
Faults can have significant impact on reservoir productivity. Understanding the factors that controls the fluid flow properties of fault rocks provides a sound basis to assess the impact of faults on reservoirs productivity. Therefore, different aspects that affect the fluid flow within siliciclastic fault formations were investigated in this research project. Fault rock samples from a number of locations were analysed including: (i) core samples from central and southern North Sea fields; (ii) and outcrop samples from the 90 Fathom fault, Northumberland, UK and Miri airport road exposure, Malaysia as well as the Hopeman fault from Invernesshire, UK. The impact of faults on fluid flow was assessed by integrating the data from QXRD analysis, microstructural examination, X-ray tomography, mercury porosimetry for pore size distribution, absolute and relative permeability measurements as well as capillary pressure tests. Single phase and multiphase flow properties which were conducted at a range of stresses are the most comprehensive collection of high quality fault rock data. The permeability measurements made using gas gave higher values than with brine, which in turn gave higher values that when measured using distilled water permeability. The differences in permeability could be the results of clay particles swelling; mobilisation and retaining within the confined pore throats, although these effects depend on the rock mineralogy and pore fluid composition. Moreover, the permeability stress sensitivity was investigated. The results showed that at low confining stresses the permeability of the fault rock core samples showed high sensitivity to stress, whereas at higher confining stresses the permeability was less pronounced to stress. This might be due to the core damage effects and the microfractures formed due to stress release, which were observed from SEM images. The pore radius calculated from gas slippage parameters at low confining pressures was in the same order of magnitude as the micro fracture width. The micro cracks could be easily closed due to stress increase hence resulted in reduction of permeability. Overall, the stress sensitivity of fault rocks from outcrop is less than that from core. This is consistent with the idea that stress sensitivity is mainly the result of the presence of grain boundary microfractures formed as core is brought to the surface. This indicates that permeability measurements made on outcrop samples may be more reliable. Another key finding was that the published permeability data (e.g. Fisher and Knipe, 2001) compared with present study data which is obtained at in-situ stress using formation compatible brines showed that the published data may not be inaccurate as the use of distilled water gives lower permeability than brines and low stresses resulted in higher permeability than in-situ stress measurements. Therefore, the results indicate that two different laboratory practices used in previous studies partially cancel each other out so that the existing data is yet valuable. The effective gas permeability were also measured at a range of stresses and it was observed that the samples with lower absolute permeabilities were more stress sensitive to stress than high permeable samples. The relative permeability results obtained were incorporated into a specific example of synthetic reservoir model. These suggested that faults formed within low permeability sands might act as a barrier to fluid flow.
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Hamzah, Razali Bin. "Erosion-corrosion modelling of materials used in petroleum production." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1994. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3630.
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Experimental erosion/corrosion modelling was performed on C-Mn steels and corrosion resistant alloys commonly used in petroleum production. A graded commercial sand of 50-30b pm size range, similar to sands produced from typical oil/gas fields was used to simulate the erosive medium. The experimental conditions such as the sand flux, particle velocity, pressure and temperature, were chosen based on typical field operating conditions for corrosion, erosion and erosion-corrosion tests imposed on the materials. The corrosion environment was created by feeding in CO2 gas with atomised water into the test chamber. A centrifugal erosion rig (45) with necessary modifications to suit wet and dry test conditions was used in the experiments. The rig was capable of generating over 150 m/s particle velocity and could operate at high temperatures to generate consistent results. Results show that (a) there was a soft thin layer of corrosion products formed on the C-Mn specimens even at 20°C which can easily be removed by the impacting particles , (b) the scale growth rate kinetics were found to be parabolic and vary between 8x10-3 pun'/h to 50x10-3 iim2/h depending on the material and temperature, (c) the process of metal recession consists of the removal and regrowth of soft corrosion scale at low flux and low velocity, and erosion of substrate at high flux and high velocity, (d) the erosion-corrosion rates were found to vary between 2- 30 times over the pure erosion rates under the same conditions, depending on the sand flux, particle velocity and temperature. An existing computer simulation model (46) was used to simulate the conditions observed from the experiments. Some improvements were incorporated into the programme and the final model is capable of predicting the erosion and erosion-corrosion rates applicable to petroleum production.
26
Hampson, Philip Robert Osler. "Optimal profit sharing rules for petroleum exploration and development in Jordan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37700.
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Li, Wenkai. "Modeling oil refinery for production planning, scheduling and economic analysis /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CENG%202004%20LI.
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Johannessen, Kjetil. "Norwegian Continental Shelf Petroleum Pipe-It Integrator & Production Forecaster." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19520.
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This thesis summarizes and concludes my master thesis research work. The main objective of this research was to develop a rigorous and generic forecast model for all the fields on the Norwegian Continental Shelf based on publically available data and free software. Pipe-It Norwegian Continental Shelf Integrator and Forecaster solution provides the opportunity to forecast oil and gas production rate and economics for all assets on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The solution is automatically synchronized with an on line database, that is maintained by the Norwegian Petroleum Department. The solution currently contains 87 fields and handles thousands of application launches in parallel. The results can be filtered and aggregated for multiple engineering purposes, like the impact of new discoveries on future production rates and economics.
29
ALMEIDA, MAYRON RODRIGUES DE. "APPLYING GENETIC ALGORITHMS TO THE PRODUCTION SCHEDULING OF A PETROLEUM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2001. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=1740@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>O objetivo desta dissertação é desenvolver um método de
solução baseado em Algoritmos Genéticos (GAs) aliado a um
Sistema Baseado em Regras para encontrar e otimizar as
soluções geradas para o problema de programação da produção
de Óleos Combustíveis e Asfalto na REVAP (Refinaria do Vale
do Paraíba). A refinaria é uma planta multiproduto, com
dois estágios de máquinas em série - um misturador e um
conjunto de tanques, com restrição de recursos e operando
em regime contínuo. Foram desenvolvidos neste trabalho dois
modelos baseados em algoritmos genéticos que são utilizados
para encontrar a seqüência e os tamanhos dos lotes de
produção dos produtos finais. O primeiro modelo proposto
utiliza uma representação direta da programação da produção
em que o horizonte de programação é dividido em intervalos
discretos de um hora. O segundo modelo proposto utiliza uma
representação indireta que é decodificada para formar a
programação da produção. O Sistema Baseado em Regras é
utilizado na escolha dos tanques que recebem a produção e os
tanques que atendem à demanda dos diversos centros
consumidores existentes. Um novo operador de mutação -
Mutação por Vizinhança - foi proposto para minimizar o
número de trocas operacionais na produção. Uma técnica para
agregação de múltiplos objetivos, baseado no Método de
Minimização de Energia, também foi incorporado aos
Algoritmos Genéticos. Os resultados obtidos confirmam que
os Algoritmos Genéticos propostos, associados com o Método
de Minimização de Energia e a Mutação por Vizinhança, são
capazes de resolver o problema de programação da produção,
otimizando os objetivos operacionais da refinaria.<br>The purpose of this dissertation is to develop a method,
based on Genetics Algorithms and Rule Base Systems, to
optimize the production scheduling of fuel oil and asphalt
area in a petroleum refinery. The refinery is a multi-
product plant, with two machine stages - one mixer and a
set of tanks - with no setup time and with resource
constrains in continuous operation. Two genetic algorithms
models were developed to establish the sequence and the lot-
size of all production shares. The first model proposed has
a direct representation of the production scheduling which
the time interval of scheduling is shared in one hour
discrete intervals. The second model proposed has a indirect
representation that need to be decoded in order to make the
real production scheduling. The Rule Base Systems were
developed to choice the tanks that receive the production
and the tanks that provide the demand of the several
consumer centers. A special mutation operator -
Neighborhood Mutation - was proposed to minimize the number
of changes in the production. A Multi-objective Fitness
Evaluation technique, based on a Energy Minimization
Method, was also incorporated to the Genetic Algorithm
models. The results obtained confirm that the proposed
Genetic Algorithm models, associated with the Multi-
objective Energy Minimization Method and the Neighborhood
Mutation, are able to solve the scheduling problem,
optimizing the refinery operational objectives.<br>El objetivo de esta disertación es desarrollar un método de
solución utilizando Algoritmos Genéticos (GAs) aliado a un
Sistema Basado en Reglas para encontrar y optimizar las
soluciones generadas para el problema de programación de la
producción de Aceites Combustibles y Asfalto en la REVAP
(Refinería del Valle de Paraíba). La refinería es una
planta multiproducto, con dos estados de máquinas en serie -
un mezclador y un conjunto de tanques, con restricción de
recursos y operando en régimen contínuo. En este trabajo se
desarrollaron dos modelos basados en algoritmos genéticos
que son utilizados para encontrar la secuencia y los
tamaños de los lotes de producción de los productos
finales. El primer modelo propuesto utiliza una
representación directa de la programación de la producción
en la cuál el horizonte de programación se divide en
intervalos discretos de un hora. El segundo modelo, utiliza
una representación indirecta que es decodificada para
formar la programación de la producción. EL Sistema Basado
en Reglas se utiliza en la selección de los tanques que
reciben la producción y los tanques que atienden a la
demanda de los diversos centros consumidores. Un nuevo
operador de mutación - Mutación por Vecindad - fue
propuesto para minimizar el número de cambios operacionales
en la producción. le fue incorporado a los Algoritmos
Genéticos una técnica para la agregación de múltiples
objetivos, basado en el Método de Minimización de Energía.
Los resultados obtenidos confirman que los Algoritmos
Genéticos propuestos, asociados al Método de Minimización
de Energía y la Mutación por Vecindad, son capazes de
resolver el problema de programación de la producción,
optimizando los objetivos operacionales de la refinería.
30
Olsen, Samuel Dagfinn. "Development and application of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for the analysis of metals in sedimentary organic matter." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246114.
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Alvarado, Martin Guillermo. "Quantification of uncertainty during history matching." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/463.
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Cozby, Raymond. "Fracture Conductivity and Its Effects on Production Estimation in Shale." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10243460.
Full textAbstract:
<p> The shale boom has introduced new technology into the oil and gas industry. It has created a new source of energy and has helped create a surplus in volume. With the recent decrease in oil prices, engineers must be creative and again use technology to make wells more productive. This study is done to observe the role of fracture conductivity in a hydraulically fractured well using a commercially available software. This will allow for engineers to improve fracking techniques. From this, it helps to consider the reliability of simulation software. </p><p> A typical well in the Eagle Ford Shale formation was selected to model. Completion data was gathered for a horizontal well that had seventeen fracture stages. In the simulation models, the fracture fluid volume was held constant to honor the original well production data. The fracture conductivity was studied using two different methods. The first involved observing one single fracture using different combinations of fracture conductivity throughout the fracture length. The second method incorporated the entire well and observed interactions between fractures with different altered fracture conductivities. Only one fracture was used per stage based off an existing fracture model. Production data with respect to time was analyzed and compared to real time field data. </p><p> After production results were analyzed, it can be seen that the models give a reliable representation of a horizontal well in the Eagle Ford Shale. When viewing the results of the single fracture stage, the cumulative productions are very similar, and when comparing the entire well with seventeen stages, the cumulative production begins to change slightly from model to model. Still, the difference in models does not merit an endorsement of a new completion technique for fracture conductivity. The results indicate that infinite acting flow takes over because of the low permeability reservoir. </p><p>
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Firincioglu, Tuba. "Bubble point suppression in unconventional liquids rich reservoirs and its impact on oil production." Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3558341.
Full textAbstract:
<p> The average pore size in producing unconventional, liquids-rich reservoirs is estimated to be less than 100 nm. At this nano-pore scale, capillary and surface disjoining force interactions, such as van der Waals, structural, and adsorption, affect the phase behavior that is not considered to be significantly, different than in conventional reservoirs. In this dissertation, a comprehensive discussion of the thermodynamics required to model phase behavior of unconventional, liquids-rich reservoirs is presented. Three oil compositions from different unconventional reservoirs are used to generate results. </p><p> The impact of confinement manifests itself in the form of reduction of the liquid pressure at which the first gas bubble forms when compared to the bulk fluid measurements in PVT cells. It is shown that the suppression of the bubble-point pressure impacts the saturated portion of the liquid formation volume factor and extends the undersaturated portion of the curve. The equilibrium gas composition is different for each supersaturation level and the gas is composed of lighter components as the supersaturation, i.e., the bubble-point suppression, increases. The minimum radius of the pore that is required to form a specified size bubble is also investigated and the range of pore sizes required under different assumptions is reported. </p><p> The impact of this phase behavior deviation on the flow of confined fluids is investigated using a black-oil simulator, COZSim, which evaluates gas and oil fluid properties at corresponding phase pressures. The simulator was independently developed in a DOE project with the capability to incorporate the findings of this research. The results of the analysis show that there is a difference in gas production and gas saturation distribution in the reservoir with and without the confinement impact on the PVT properties. The produced GOR is lower when the confinement is considered due to the bubble-point suppression. These results indicate that the use of bulk fluid measurements in modeling and predicting the performances of nano-porous unconventional reservoirs may result in significant underestimation of the reservoir potential. </p>
34
Qi, Fazheng. "Structural styles of the Jeanne d'Arc basin, Grand Banks, offshore Newfoundland, and their implication for petroleum exploration." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61796.
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Mora, Carlos A. "Comparison of computation methods for CBM production performance." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1958.
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Hill, Mark Thomas. "The British North Sea : the importance of and factors affecting tax revenue from oil production /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd336.pdf.
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Ausen, Håvard. "A Study in MINLP-class Optimization Problems for Simulated Petroleum Production." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for teknisk kybernetikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18435.
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To aid in faster and better decision making it is interesting to couple advanced simulators with optimization tools.Most simulators however does not offer gradients, therefore derivative-free methods must be used. In this thesis optimization of and oil and gas field with free routing is considered. By embedding the structural information in the optimization problem and approximating the simulators by polynomials a MINLP problem is formed which can be solved by gradient based solvers. This approach requires that the polynomial models are updated frequently to fit the simulators. Each update requires several simulations and creates a trade-off between robustness and computation time. Different updating strategies for the models are considered in this thesis. By solving a separate optimization problem to update the models the MINLP problem can be formulated as a convex problem which is solved in a branch and bound framework and with an interior-point. Two approaches to updating the models in respect to the branch and bound method are explored, and it is found to be more robust to update the models for each node of the branch and bound tree, ensuring a local fit before branching.
38
Rangel, Erik. "An evaluation of Mexico's declining oil production and waning petroleum reserves." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5793.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>rather than invested in exploration projects, infrastructure modernization, or process efficiency improvement. Decades of severe financial constraints placed on Pemex by the Mexican government, coupled with a weak corporate culture, have left Pemex unable to deal effectively with the oil production crisis at hand. This thesis examines the factors that explain why Mexican oil production has dwindled, despite the government's tremendous economic and political incentives to preserve revenues generated by oil rents.
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OLIVEIRA, MARCIUS FERRARI DUARTE DE. "EVALUATION OF A SUBSEA MULTIPHASE PUMPING SYSTEM APPLIED ON PETROLEUM PRODUCTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4130@1.
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PETRÓLEO BRASILEIRO S. A.<br>CENTRO DE PESQUISAS LEOPOLDO AMÉRICO MIGUEZ DE MELLO<br>Um sistema de produção e escoamento de petróleo, quando
equipado com manifold submarino, viabiliza a produção
conjunta de poços de diferentes capacidades de produção. O
equilíbrio conseguido na produção desses poços se faz à
custa do estrangulamento (choking) dos poços de mais alta
capacidade de produção, de forma a propiciar um equilíbrio
com aqueles de mais baixa capacidade de produção.
Naturalmente as vazões atingidas nessa forma sinérgica
são menores do que aquelas que seriam atingidas com a
produção em separado desses poços mas, tais menores vazões
são economicamente mais atraentes devido às economias
atingidas nos custos de investimento (e.g., redução do
comprimento total de linhas de produção e do número de
risers) e das esperadas e normalmente ocorrentes reduções
de custo operacional nesses sistemas. Entretanto, a partir
da disponibilidade da tecnologia de bombeamento multifásico
submarino, na qual se torna possível diretamente transferir
energia à misturas multifásicas (óleo, gás e água) em
produção, viabiliza-se o estabelecimento de um novo e mais
atraente tipo de equilíbrio nesses sistemas. Tal novo
equilíbrio, possível pelo uso de sistemas de bombeamento
multifásico instalados em manifold submarinos de
produção, deve propiciar níveis de produção governados
inclusive pelos limites impostos pela engenharia de
reservatórios e não mais tão somente pelas características
físicas dos sistemas (seções de escoamento, distâncias,
lâminas d`água, propriedades dos fluidos etc.). A esta
forma inédita de obtenção de um novo e mais alto patamar de
equilíbrio da produção, a literatura vem utilizando a
denominação Estrangulamento Positivo (Positive Choking).
Assim, baseados no aumento das vazões de produção -
antecipação de produção - e no potencial aumento dos
fatores de recuperação - maiores volumes produzidos -
acredita-se ser tal técnica economicamente atraente quando
aplicada em sistemas de produção ainda em implementação, ou
mesmo, na implantação da mesma em sistemas já instalados. O
propósito desta tese é o de contribuir na análise técnica e
econômica da inédita aplicação de um sistema de bombeamento
multifásico submarino num sistema de produção equipado com
manifold.<br>A subsea oil production system allows simultaneous
production of several wells with different flow rates when
the system has a subsea manifold. In order to balance the
different flow rates, the higher production wells have
their flow rates reduced via a choking system. As a result,
the total flow is lower than the summmation of all
individual well flow rates. But, this combined and lower
production has a very attractive economics, as it requires
lower capital expenditures, mainly due to the shorter
overall length of flowlines and lower number of risers and,
also due to the expected lower operational costs. Nowadays,
however, with the availabity of the technology of subsea
multiphase pumping system, which enables the transfer of
energy to multiphase mixtures (oil, gas and water) under
production, becomes possible to achieve an even higher and
more attractive plateau in these petroleum production
systems. This new equilibrium plateau, made possible by the
technology of subsea multiphase pumping, will lead
to production levels that will attempt to take benefit of
all reservoir allowance and then extending the primary
production limit imposed by the production system
characteris tics (e.g., flowline length, water depth,
produced fluid properties etc.). This novel scheme that
allows obtaining a now and higher production level is
being called in the literature as Positive Choking.
Therefore, based on the resultant aspects of production
flow rate increase - production anticipation - and
on the potentially higher recovery factors - larger
produced volumes - is what drives the belief that such
technology can be economically attractive to new
production systems being installed or even in those already
in operation. The purpose of this work is to contribute in
the technical and economical evaluation of Multiphase
Pumping System application on a subsea production system
equipped with a manifold.
40
Moridifarimani, Fazel. "The distortionary effect of production sharing contract in upstream petroleum industry." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2018. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/d6b5fe43-62d8-4e3f-88ba-3c34653d46bd.
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There is a vast literature on the distortionary effects of the tax-royalty system, while the effects of Production Sharing Contract (PSC) is largely understudied. Moreover, economic studies typically oversimplify the physics of the field and consequently end up with models which do not necessarily fully reflect the reality. In this study, we build a dynamic optimisation model which nests the physics of the reservoir and investigates the distortionary effects of a PSC.
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Lukaye, Joshua Mukwaki. "Biostratigraphy and palynofacies of four petroleum exploration wells from the Albertine Graben, Uganda." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678789.
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Alborzi, Mahmood. "Application of neural networks to real-time log interpretation in oil well drilling." Thesis, Brunel University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309502.
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Dema, Perisuo. "Structuring of reserve based finance for petroleum production in Nigeria : contractual, regulatory and tax issues." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=214822.
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Trabelsi, Racha. "Development of an Integrated System to Optimize Block 276 Production Performance." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10246387.
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<p> Integrating Techlog, Petrel, Eclipse, and COMSOL is a game changer and led to a better understanding of a very complex undercompacted and overpressurized sand in Block 276. Different reservoir simulation sensitivity runs on P1-sand indicated that putting a new well in block (2,34) under pure depletion will yield the highest incremental oil recovery of about 38%. The sensitivity runs included dumpfloods, waterfloods, and artificial lift. COMSOL has also shown that formation overlying the salt dome is hotter than other portions of the reservoir and that planning a new well on the western flank of the accumulation was the right decision. COMSOL has also shown that overpressurization is driven by undercompaction but that heat conduction from the dome and underlying diapirs affected pore pressure by 3 to 15%.</p><p>
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Chuprin, Maksym. "Effect of Proppant Type on Economics of Shale Oil Production from the Bakken Formation." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10826999.
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<p> Hydraulic Fracturing is a cost-effective technique that has been widely integrated and applied to commercial production of oil and gas from unconventional reservoirs. Advancement of this technique brings more complexity into it, making optimization process more complicated in terms of economic analysis and decision making. Selection of proppant for treatment is a crucial and essential decision that has a significant impact on fracturing stimulation and well economics. This analysis indicates advantages and disadvantages of different types of proppant and provides a comparison of proppant performances considering proppant type, mesh size and concentration in order to identify the best scenario of proppant application in terms of economical profitability. </p><p>
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Bujarbarua, Vikram. "Production Optimization Using an In-Situ Steam Generator in a Rejuvenated Heavy Oil Field." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10003753.
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<p> Steam stimulation is by far the most widely used tertiary oil recovery method. Heavy oil finds its most effective way of production in thermal recovery method. Also with technical effectiveness, steam stimulation brings in cost effectiveness. In-situ steam generation and injection is the most important enhancement to the conventional thermal steam injection technique. Blackbird™ Energy LLC, has developed and a new generation in-situ steam generator with a view to make an almost unproductive heavy oil reservoir in North East Texas to start producing. </p><p> In this research, a reservoir simulation study has been performed to history match of pure depletion as well as three months of thermal stimulation done on the reservoir. To mimic the reservoir conditions, Schlumberger Eclipse 300 compositional Simulator has been used. Overall this research performs an evaluation of the newly developed in-situ steam generator capabilities. </p><p> The various predictive runs have been made with changing key performance parameters such as location of steam generator and time of application of thermal energy. There has been reported a considerable increase in production of the heavy oil. As a result, in-situ steam injection has been proved to be an effective and environment friendly recovery technique and should be widely considered for replacing conventional steam generators.</p>
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Abdelarahim, Abdelarahim Mohamed. "Libya's production sharing agreement in comparison with Iran's buyback contract." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=229380.
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Nefdt, Anthea Carol. "An exploration of women's experiences in senior management in the petroleum industry South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5687.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil<br>There are relatively few women in senior leadership or management positions in South African
industry. The oil industry is no exception to this and could in fact be considered to exemplify the
ways in which women are marginalised. This small-scale qualitative project aims to explore
challenges and experiences women face when entering senior management positions in the
Petroleum Industry in Cape Town. The main objective of the study is to explore how gender (and
other relevant subject positions) impacts on women's career development and opportunities. I
used a qualitative feminist methodological framework and conducted a total of 12 semi-structured
interviews with women employed in upper management positions in the 8 oil companies in the
greater Western Cape area including the South African Petroleum Industry Association and
Department of Energy (SAPIA). A thematic data analysis was then utilised to interpret the data.
My findings show that many women perceive the route to success as difficult yet possible
suggesting that the popular ''glass ceiling'' conceptual scheme should be replaced by the ''labyrinth
of leadership'' model discussed in Early and Carli 2007 with relation to the oil industry. Further
findings suggest that although the oil industry provides unique challenges to women as a gendered
organization, it also incorporates various progressive initiatives for their advancement.
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Storvold, Vegard Svarlien. "Optimization of investment decisions and production planning in aging offshore petroleum fields." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20969.
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This thesis suggests that an optimization model can be used as decision support when different subsea solutions are evaluated in order to increase hydrocarbon recovery and production lifetime of a field. The Marlim field in Campos Basin outside the coast of Brazil is used as a case, which is a field described as an aging field with increasing water production and declining profitability. The objective for the model is to maximize the net present value of a production asset by evaluating the installation of subsea boosters, subsea water separators and alternative routing solutions. The case consists of a well cluster of four wells that is routed through a subsea manifold connected to a FPSO through a riser. This case is similar to many of the production assets in the Marlim field, making the model applicable on other cases in the field as well. To solve this problem, a mixed integer linear program is developed. The nonlinear functions are approximated with piecewise linearization by a SOS2 formulation, where the set of breakpoints are generated in a multiphase flow simulator. Binary variables with time period indexes are introduced to say what type of technology should be installed, and when it should be installed. The time horizon in the model is ten years with a yearly resolution. The problem turns out to be quite challenging to solve if the detail level in the linear approximations and the time periods becomes too high. The problem is however solved nicely for a detail level found to be sufficient to provide useful results. The model suggest that there is a large potential for improving an asset’s NPV by installing new subsea processing equipment for enhanced production. The improvement consists of increased production and better usage of today’s infrastructure and topside installations, as well as increased system flexibility to mitigate uncertainty.
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Garolera, Vinent Daniel. "Zero-thickness interface elements in petroleum geomechanics : sand production and hydraulic fracture." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667505.
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This thesis describes the extension of the Finite Element Method with zero-thickness interface elements (FEM+z) to 3D, large and complex problems in geomaterials, with special interest in petroleum geomechanics. This general objective has led to specific developments and applications such as the 3D code implementations and parallelization, and the specific petroleum geomechanics studies, both the macroscale (hydraulic fracture) and microscale (sand production).
The extension to 3D of the hydro-mechanical formulation of double node zero-thickness interface elements proposed earlier, has been developed and implemented in the computer code, with satisfactory results in the verification examples. From the theoretical viewpoint, the formulation is generalized via the definition of \quotes{transport} matrices for both mechanical and hydraulic formulations, so that the two levels of the formulation can be separated: the nodal variables of the interface element, and the mid-plane variables. The formulation described is successfully validated with benchmarking examples based on analytical expressions of a hydraulic fracture.
The parallelization of the code DRAC is achieved through the implementation of public domain library PETSc. The new code structure is conceived to perform a correct subdivision of tasks associated to each processor. For this purpose, a domain decomposition strategy has been implemented, which is crucial for an efficient matrix generation and assembly. The results obtained show a good degree of parallelization, demonstrated with a cube benchmark test.
The applications to hydraulic fracture have served a dual purpose. First, the examples of a single fracture have been used to validate the proposed formulation, since it has been possible to compare the results with the predictions of analytical expressions such as GDK or PKN, and to other numerical results from the literature. Second, the examples of multiple interacting fractures have shown the capabilities to analyze large and complex cases. The studies performed have shown a number of relevant aspects of multiple fracturing such as the effect of geometry (distance between injections) and the effect of in situ stresses.
Finally the thesis is devoted to the micromechanical analysis of sand production, including the generation and testing of micromechanical models based on the use of zero-thickness interface elements. Micromechanical (mesoscopic level) analysis with FEM+z has been successfully used to model the mechanical behavior of rock materials, using a similar approach as used previously for other heterogeneous materials. The rock grains are modeled as a group of continuum elastic elements and the cement (or matrix) is modeled with zero-thickness interfaces. This kind of modeling has been successfully used in uniaxial and triaxial compression test simulations. These numerical tests have been used for calibration purposes, comparing the macroscopic results obtained with the existing laboratory data. Due to the availability of experimental data, the simulation of sand production has been focused on the modeling of the hollow cylinder test. The simulations have been divided into two parts.
First, using a prototype material, the sensitivity of the method to geometric and microstructural variations has been analysed, and the effect of the perforation size is clearly observed. The second part deals with the analysis of a real case of rock sanding, that includes micromechanical tests for parameter calibration and the simulation of sand production. The results, despite the intrinsic variability of the samples, have shown a satisfactory agreement with average experimental results, both in terms of the rock sanding initiation and of sand production.<br>En aquesta tesi es presenta l'extensió del mètode d'elements finits amb elements junta d'espessor zero (FEM+z) a casos en 3D, per geometries grans i amb fenòmens complexos de fracturació per geomaterials, amb especial interès en la geomecànica del petroli. Aquest objectiu general ha donat lloc al desenvolupament i la generació aplicacions específiques, com ara les implementacions del codi a 3D i la paral·lelització, i els estudis específics de geomecànica del petroli, tant a macroescala (fractura hidràulica) com a microescala (producció de sorra). L'extensió a 3D de la formulació hidromecànica d'elements junta de doble nus proposada anteriorment, s'ha desenvolupat i implementat en el codi de càlcul, amb resultats satisfactoris en els exemples de verificació. Des del punt de vista teòric, la formulació s'ha generalitzat mitjançant la definició de matrius de transport per les dues formulacions, la mecànica i la hidràulica, de manera que es poden separar els dos nivells de la formulació: les variables nodals de l'element junta i les variables del pla mig. La paral·lelització del codi DRAC s'ha assolit mitjançant la implementació de la llibreria en codi lliure PETSc. La nova estructura del codi s'ha concebut per tal de realitzar una subdivisió correcta de les tasques associades a cada processador. Així, s'ha implementat una estratègia de descomposició de dominis, que és fonamental per a la generació i assemblatge de matrius de manera eficient. Els resultats obtinguts mostren un bon grau de paral·lelització. Les aplicacions de fractura hidràulica han tingut un doble propòsit. En primer lloc, s'han utilitzat els exemples d'una sola fractura per tal de validar la formulació proposada, ja que s'han pogut comparar els resultats amb les prediccions d'expressions analítiques com GDK o PKN i altres resultats numèrics de la literatura. En segon lloc, els exemples d'interacció entre fractures múltiples han demostrat la capacitat d'analitzar casos grans i complexos. Els estudis realitzats han mostrat una sèrie d'aspectes rellevants de la fractura múltiple, com l'efecte de la geometria (distància entre les injeccions) i l'efecte de les tensions in situ. Per finalitzar, la tesi presenta l'anàlisi micromecànic de la producció de sorra, que inclou la generació i la verificació dels models micromecànics basats en l'ús d'elements junta d'espessor zero. L'anàlisi micromecànic (nivell mesoscòpic) fet amb FEM+z s'ha utilitzat amb èxit per modelitzar el comportament mecànic de les roques. Els grans de roca es modelen com un grup d'elements elàstics de continu i el ciment (o matriu) es modelitza amb les juntes d'espessor zero. Aquest tipus de modelització s'ha utilitzat amb èxit en les simulacions d'assaigs a compressió uniaxial i triaxial. Les simulacions numèriques han servit per calibrar els paràmetres del model, comparant els resultats macroscòpics obtinguts amb les dades del laboratori existents. Degut a la disponibilitat de dades experimentals, la simulació de la producció de sorra s'ha centrat en la modelització de l'assaig de cilindres buits. Les simulacions s'han dividit en dues parts. En primer lloc, mitjançant l'ús d'un material prototip, s'ha analitzat la sensibilitat del mètode a les variacions geomètriques i microestructurals, on s'observa clarament l'efecte de mida de la perforació. La segona part ha tractat l'anàlisi d'un cas real de producció de sorra, que inclou assaigs micromecànics per la cal·libració dels paràmetres i la simulació de la producció de sorra. Els resultats, tot i la variabilitat intrínseca de les mostres, han demostrat un semblança satisfactòria amb els resultats experimentals, tant pel que fa a la iniciació com a la producció de sorra.