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Dudley, Cheryl F. ""Get up Peter, kill, and eat," toward effective multi-cultural leadership alliances in National Ministries, ABCUSA as instruments of denominationa transformation." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Fernandes, Neto Tobias Rafael [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Mutschler, and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Orlik. "Short Primary Linear Drive Designed for Synchronous and Induction Operation Mode with On-Board Energy Storage / Tobias Rafael Fernandes Neto. Betreuer: Peter Mutschler ; Bernd Orlik." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1106116372/34.
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Tiako, Djomatchoua Murielle Sandra. "Sports et Routes Migratoires : entre Imaginaires (Post) Coloniaux et Experiences Individuelles dans Fais peter les basses, Bruno! et Le Chemin de L' Amerique de Baru." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1626239430252334.
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Stratmann, Greta Annabell [Verfasser], Hans-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmid, Annette [Akademischer Betreuer] Menzel, and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Dameris. "Stickoxidmessungen in der Tropopausenregion an Bord eines Linienflugzeugs: Großräumige Verteilung und Einfluss des Luftverkehrs / Greta Annabell Stratmann. Gutachter: Annette Menzel ; Martin Dameris ; Hans-Peter Schmid. Betreuer: Hans-Peter Schmid." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1047679000/34.
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Hellert, Christian [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Stütz, Peter Gutachter] Stütz, and Wolfram [Gutachter] [Hardt. "Algorithmenauswahl für den adaptiven Sensoreinsatz an Bord unbemannter Luftfahrzeuge / Christian Hellert ; Gutachter: Peter Stütz, Wolfram Hardt ; Akademischer Betreuer: Peter Stütz ; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik." Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199365505/34.
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Fink, Mark L. "Peer interaction in university-level distance education." Connect to Online Resource-OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1183500982.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2007.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Doctor of Philosophy in Curriculum and Instruction." Bibliography: leaves 118-135.
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Grechus, Marilyn L. "The comparison of individualized computer game reinforcement versus peer-interactive board game reiniforcement on nutrition label knowledge retention of fifth graders /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841145.
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Buggs, Michelle L. "The Relationship of Peer Leadership Employment to Academic Outcomes in Texas Institutions of Higher Education." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799467/.
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The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship of participation and involvement in an undergraduate student success program to academic success and persistence among students in three programs sponsored by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB): the G-Force Collegiate Work-Study Mentorship Program, the Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) for Higher Education (AHE) program, and the THECB work-study program. The sample was identified using data from the THECB during the 2009-2013 academic years. Compared to THECB work-study students, significantly more AHE and G-Force students persisted toward graduation while engaged in the program (p < .001). ANOVA indicated that AHE students had a higher average GPA compared to G-Force and THECB work-study students, controlled for gender, race/ethnicity, pre-program GPA, and length of time in the position. Regression analyses found no statistically significant relationship between program associations and persistence towards graduation or GPA. Results suggest that although participation in a peer leadership programs such as AHE and G-Force encourage greater academic achievement and persistence, there is no direct relation to the achievement of these outcome variables. Implications of the study suggest the need for a deeper analysis into elements of peer leadership programs that contribute to student success, an expanded analysis of outcomes across a wider range of demographic variables, and an exploration of peer leadership programs across campuses for comparison of persistence and GPA outcomes.
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Frisk, Irina. "A Linguistic Analysis of Peer-review Critique in Four Modes of Computer-mediated Communication." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-26741.
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Abstract The present work is a quantitative and qualitative analysis of pragmatic strategies for delivering critique, and types of politeness, used by undergraduate L2 students of English at different stages of peer-review discussion. The material examined consists of four corpora of authentic conversations between students, the main purpose of which was to give feedback on each other’s contributions during an English A-level course, at Mid-Sweden University. The conversations explored were carried out electronically, and represent four different online environments, or modes of computer-mediated communication (CMC). The material from the two asynchronous modes of CMC is comprised of L2 students’ written discussion board messages and spoken posts recorded using online software. The two synchronous environments under investigation are text-based and voice-based chat. Taking Brown and Levinson’s (1987) framework of politeness as a point of departure, the present study uses a combination of corpus and conversation analytical methods. The basic unit of analysis has been defined as the shortest message of peer-review critique that constitutes a thematic unit: these have been examined in terms of their content and politeness features associated with them, and analyzed in terms of the pragmatic strategy and type of politeness adopted. The types of pragmatic strategies or message organization patterns at different stages, i.e. initial versus subsequent feedback, of the peer-review discussion have also been analyzed. The results of the study show that the pragmatic strategies aimed at praise and agreement prevail in the corpus data produced by predominantly native speakers of Swedish. Even though the pragmatic strategies used for disagreement and negative evaluation are rich in propositional content, their occurrences and distribution vary across the four modes of CMC examined. These results seem to have wider implications in the context of online L2 learning activities, providing insights about the language of peer-review critique in a Swedish academic setting. Keywords: computer-mediated communication (CMC), Conversation Analysis (CA), conversation management, discussion boards, feedback category, mode of CMC, peer-review discussion, politeness theory, pragmatic strategy, speech act of critique, text-based chat, type of politeness, voice-based chat, VoiceThread
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Daly, Marwa El. "Challenges and potentials of channeling local philanthropy towards development and aocial justice and the role of waqf (Islamic and Arab-civic endowments) in building community foundations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16511.
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Diese Arbeit bietet eine solide theoretische Grundlage zu Philanthropie und religiös motivierten Spendenaktivitäten und deren Einfluss auf Wohltätigkeitstrends, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und einer auf dem Gedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit beruhenden Philanthropie. Untersucht werden dafür die Strukturen religiös motivierte Spenden, für die in der islamischen Tradition die Begriffe „zakat“, „Waqf“ oder im Plural auch „awqaf-“ oder „Sadaqa“ verwendet werden, der christliche Begriff dafür lautet „tithes“ oder „ushour“. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Rahmenwerk analysiert die qualitative und quantitative Feldstudie auf nationaler Ebene, wie die ägyptische Öffentlichkeit Philanthropie, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Menschenrechte, Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit und andere Konzepte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements wahrnimmt. Um eine umfassende und repräsentative Datengrundlage zu erhalten, wurden 2000 Haushalte, 200 zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen erfasst, sowie Spender, Empfänger, religiöse Wohltäter und andere Akteure interviewt. Die so gewonnen Erkenntnisse lassen aussagekräftige Aufschlüsse über philanthropische Trends zu. Erstmals wird so auch eine finanzielle Einschätzung und Bewertung der Aktivitäten im lokalen Wohltätigkeitsbereich möglich, die sich auf mehr als eine Billion US-Dollar beziffern lassen. Die Erhebung weist nach, dass gemessen an den Pro-Kopf-Aufwendungen die privaten Spendenaktivitäten weitaus wichtiger sind als auswärtige wirtschaftliche Hilfe für Ägypten. Das wiederum lässt Rückschlüsse zu, welche Bedeutung lokale Wohltätigkeit erlangen kann, wenn sie richtig gesteuert wird und nicht wie bislang oft im Teufelskreis von ad-hoc-Spenden oder Hilfen von Privatperson an Privatperson gefangen ist. Die Studie stellt außerdem eine Verbindung her zwischen lokalen Wohltätigkeits-Mechanismen, die meist auf religiösen und kulturellen Werten beruhen, und modernen Strukturen, wie etwa Gemeinde-Stiftungen oder Gemeinde-„waqf“, innerhalb derer die Spenden eine nachhaltige Veränderung bewirken können. Daher bietet diese Arbeit also eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Grundlage, die nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis, sondern auch den nachhaltiger Aus- und Aufbau lokaler Wohltätigkeitsstrukturen in Ägypten ermöglicht. Zentral ist dabei vor allem die Rolle lokaler, individueller Spenden, die beispielsweise für Stiftungen auf der Gemeindeebene eingesetzt, wesentlich zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen könnten – und das nicht nur in Ägypten, sondern in der gesamten arabischen Region. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieser Arbeit, wurde ein innovatives Modell entwickelt, dass neben den wissenschaftlichen Daten das Konzept der „waqf“ berücksichtigt. Der Wissenschaftlerin und einem engagierten Vorstand ist es auf dieser Grundlage gelungen, die Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) zu gründen, die nicht nur ein Modell für eine Bürgerstiftung ist, sondern auch das tradierte Konzept der „waqf“ als praktikable und verbürgte Wohlstätigkeitsstruktur sinnvoll weiterentwickelt.This work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.
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Veenkamp, Carol-Ann, and Charles Adams. "Perspective vol. 21 no. 3 (Jun 1987)." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10756/251260.
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Veenkamp, Carol-Ann, and Charles Adams. "Perspective vol. 21 no. 3 (Jun 1987)." 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10756/277590.
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Rajab, Fat-Hy Omar. "Swarm Localization and Control via On-board Sensing and Computation." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/656197.
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Multi-agent robotic system have been proved to be more superior in undertaking
functionalities, arduous or even impossible when performed by single agents. The
increased e ciency in multi agent systems is achieved by the execution of the task
in cooperative manner. But to achieve cooperation in multi agent systems, a good
localization system is an important prerequisite. Currently, most of the multi-agent
system rely on the use of the GPS to provide global positioning information which
su ers great deterioration in performance in indoor applications, and also all to all
communication between the agents will be required which is not e cient especially
when the number of agents is large. In this regard, a real-time localization scheme
is introduced which makes use of the robot's on-board sensors and computational
capabilities to determine the states of other agents in the multi agent system. This
algorithm also takes the advantage of the swarming behaviour of the robots in the
estimation of the states. This localization algorithm was found to produce more
accurate agent state estimates as compared to a similar localization algorithm that
does not take into account the swarming behaviour of the agents in simulations and
real experiment involving two Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.
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Cheng, Yi-Chin, and 鄭以勤. "The effect of board games on peer interaction and emotional intelligence for fifth graders students." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q82b49.
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Pitt, Clifford C., Gwendolyn Dekker, Harry J. Kits, James H. Olthuis, and G. Marcille Frederick. "Perspective vol. 21 no. 5 (Oct 1987)." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10756/251258.
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Pitt, Clifford C., Gwendolyn Dekker, Harry J. Kits, James H. Olthuis, and G. Marcille Frederick. "Perspective vol. 21 no. 5 (Oct 1987)." 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10756/277588.
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Kalapriya, K. "On The Issues Of Supporting On-Demand Streaming Application Over Peer-to-Peer Networks." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/536.
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Bandwidth and resource constraints at the server side is a limitation for deployment of streaming media applications. Resource constraints at the server side often leads to saturation of resources during sudden increase in requests. End System Multicast (ESM) is used to overcome the problem of resource saturation. Resources such as storage, bandwidth available at the end systems are utilized to deliver streaming media. In ESM, the end-systems (also known as peers) form a network which is commonly known as Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network. These peers that receive the stream in turn act as routable components and forward the stream to other requests. These peers do not possess server like characteristics. The peers differ from the server in the following ways: (a) they join and exit the system at will (b) unlike servers, they are not reliable source of media. This induces instability in the network. Therefore, streaming media solution over such unstable peer network is a challenging task. Two kinds of media streaming is supported by ESM, namely, live streaming media and on-demand streaming media.
ESM is well studied to support live streaming media. In this thesis we explore the effectiveness of using ESM to support on-demand streaming media over P2P network. There are two major issues to support on-demand streaming video.They are: (a)unlike live streaming, every request should be served from the beginning of the stream and (b) instability in the network due to peer characteristics (particularly transience of peers). In our work, late arriving peers can join the existing stream if the initial segments can be served to these peers. In this scheme, a single stream is used to serve multiple requests and therefore the throughput increases. We propose patching mechanism in which the initial segments of media are temporarily cached in the peers as patches. The peers as they join, contribute storage and this storage space is used to cache the initial segments. The patching mechanism is controlled by Expanding Window Control Protocol (EWCP).
EWCP defines a “virtual window” that logically represents the aggregated cache contributed by the peers. The window expands as the peer contribute more resources. Larger the window size more is the number of clients that can be served by a single stream. GAP is formed when contiguous segments of media is lost. GAP limits the expansion of the virtual window. We explore the conditions that lead to the formation of GAP. GAP is formed due to the transience and non-cooperation of peers. Transience of peers coupled with real time nature of the application requires fast failure recovery algorithms and methods to overcome loss of media segments. We propose an efficient peer management protocol that provides constant failure recovery time. We explore several redundancy techniques to overcome the problem of loss of video segments during transience of peers.
Peer characteristics (duration, resource contribution etc.) have significant impact on performance.The design of peer management protocol must include peer characteristics to increase its effectiveness. In this thesis we present detailed analysis of the relationship between the peer characteristics and performance. Our results indicate that peer characteristics and realtime nature of the application control the performance of the system. Based on our study, we propose algorithms that considers these parameters and increase the performance of the system. Finally, we bring all the pieces of our work together into a comprehensive system architecture for streaming media over P2P networks. We have implemented a prototype Black-Board System (BBS), a distance program utility that reflects the main concepts of our work. We show that algorithms that exploit peer characteristics performs well in P2P networks.
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殷雅玲. "The Effect of Integrating Board Game with Class Counseling Program on Peer Interactions for Elementary School 4th Grader Students." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g5j9m3.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
輔導與諮商學系研究所
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The main purpose of my research was to discuss the instant and continuous effects of integrating board games with class counseling program on promoting peer interactions for the elementary school 4th grader students. The study applied the unequal pretest-posttest control group method. The two classes of 4th grader students among one of Tainan Municipal Elementary Schools were subjected, and these students were divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group accepted the situation about integrating board games with class counseling program at the 5th integrated activity class period time in every Monday and Thursday. This study would go on for 40 minutes per time, 10 times of 5 weeks. But the control group didn’t attend this study and followed their original integrated activity class. The instrument utilized to examine the effects of the program was “Elementary Students Peer’s AdaptionInventory.” The instrument mainly examined peer interactive relationship. All students were examined the pre-testing, the post-testing and a four-weeks later post-testingwith deferring test. . The researcher applied ANCOVA or Nonparametric Statistics, and Johnson-Neyman method to analyze the data from pre-test, post-test and follow-up test, and explore the experimental effects. In addition, the experimental group filled in the feedback worksheets as the evidences and supplementary data of my research result (as the subsidiary data of the assessment program course). According to the results and discussions, I presented the research results as the followings: 1. The integrating board games with class counseling program on promoting peer interactions for the elementary school 4th grader students was immediately targeted effects but not deferring effects. 2. The integrating board games with class counseling program on promoting peer reliance for the elementary school 4th grader students was not immediately targeted effectsbut was targeted deferring effects ( continuous effects ). 3.The supplementary data showed: the positive relationship between the experimental group’s interaction dimension and reliance dimension was going on increasing, but the negative relationship between competition dimension and conflict dimension was going down dropping. Finally, based on the results, suggestions for learning guidance and further researchers were provided in this study.
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WU, YI-TSUNG, and 吳易聰. "The Feasibility Study of Mathematical Education Board Game Integrated into the Mixed-Age Class Teaching on the Division and Multiplication Unit – An Example of Self-Made 「Origin of Prime Number ~ Peer of Composite Number」Board Game." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5cxw4y.
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碩士國立高雄師範大學
科學教育暨環境教育研究所
107
The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of board games on mixed age teaching of elementary school mathematics units，The researchers aimed at primary six grade factor multiple, common factor multiple for the textbook range，The researchers conducted teaching activities on the home-made educational board game " Origin of Prime Number ~ Peer of Composite Number " in the sixth grade of elementary school，To explore the feasibility of integrating math education board games into elementary school factor and multiple unit mixed age teaching. This study was designed with quantitative and qualitative research，Students in grade 3, 4 and 5 of a primary school in kaohsiung were studied，Through the collection and analysis of relevant qualitative and quantitative data, we can understand how the board games in mathematics education stimulate students' interest in learning and how to increase students' learning effect. The important conclusions of this study are as follows：Mathematical Education Board Game can stimulate students' interest in learning, Mathematical Education Board Game can improve students' learning effect, Mathematical Education Board Game in elementary school math teaching is feasible, As an important reference for the related topic research.
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MATTATALL, CHRISTOPHER ANDREW. "A STUDY OF HOW ONE ONTARIO SCHOOL BOARD USED PEER ASSISTED LEARNING STRATEGIES AND DATA-INFORMED DECISION-MAKING TO ADDRESS READING FAILURE AT GRADE ONE." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6715.
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In this mixed-methods study I report on a three-part investigation related to reading intervention at Grade 1 in one Ontario school board during the 2009-2010 school year. First, I report the results that Peer Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS) had on the reading outcomes for all Grade 1 students (n = 436) in terms of sex, aboriginal status, and at-risk status. Second, I use progress monitoring benchmark data to show how students unresponsive to instruction may have benefitted from additional instruction generated from monthly data-informed In-School Team meetings. Third, I report on educators’ perceptions of how monthly data-informed In-School Team meetings influenced their knowledge, confidence, and willingness to plan additional reading interventions for students persistently at-risk for reading failure. Findings indicate that compared to previous years, when PALS was not used, students in this study made significantly greater gains in reading scores. Boys made similar gains to girls, First Nations students made similar gains to non First Nations students, and at-risk students closed the achievement gap slightly with their typically-achieving peers. For students who did not make adequate progress in reading throughout the year a logistic regression analysis of the data indicates that the best predictor of at-risk status is not a student’s sex or First Nations status, but their letter sound fluency and word identification fluency scores at the beginning of the school year. Findings also indicate that the slope of improvement in reading scores for nonresponders begins to increase once In-School Team meetings begin. Educators’ perceptions of how the monthly In-School team meetings influenced practice differed according to the perceived role that each held of his or her position, and according to the level of involvement, training, and access that each had to the data used in this study. The more professional development that educators had in the theory, use, and application of progress monitoring data the more likely they were to report that they were willing to use it to inform their practice. Likewise, the more access that educators had to the data in terms of collecting, viewing, and interpreting it, the more likely they were in reporting knowledge, confidence, and willingness to use it to plan additional interventions for students.Thesis (Ph.D, Education) -- Queen's University, 2011-09-13 10:03:09.664
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Hung, Tzu-Fang, and 洪慈芳. "An Action Research on Peer-Mediated Instruction and Intervention by Teaching Board Games for Promoting Social Skills of an Elementary School Student with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84xt8w.
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碩士臺北市立大學
特殊教育學系身心障礙教育教學碩士學位班
105
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Peer-Mediated Instruction and Intervention by teaching board games for promoting social skills of an elementary school student with high functional autism spectrum disorder. In this action research, the participants were a fifth-grade student with high functional autism spectrum disorder and his peers. Strategies of Peer-Mediated Instruction and Intervention by teaching board games were developed to promote social skills for a student with high functional autism spectrum disorder. The major findings were as follows: 1.Peer-Mediated Instruction and Intervention by teaching board games can promote social skills of the student with high functional autism spectrum disorder on: expressing opinions politely; dealing with frustrations; and solving problems. 2.Board games are suitable for Peer-Mediated Instruction and Intervention for the student with high functional autism spectrum disorder. 3.Peer-Mediated Instruction and Intervention by teaching board games can promote positive interactions between the student with high functional autism spectrum disorder and his peers. Suggestions for applicating Peer-Mediated Instruction and Intervention by teaching board games on promoting social skills of students and on conducting future research were proposed in this study based on the results.
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Gold, Lisa Danielle. "A Functional Analysis on the Effects of an Observational Intervention using a Peer-Yoked Contingency Game Board on the Induction of Observational Performance, Observational Acquisition and Naming." Thesis, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7916/D85M6CXQ.
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The purpose of this study was to test the effects of a peer-yoked contingency on the induction of observational performance, observational acquisition, and the Naming capability. In Experiment I, three male Kindergarten and first grade students diagnosed with disabilities were selected as target participants because they had the listener component of Naming but were missing observational performance, observational acquisition nor did they have the speaker component of Naming capability in repertoire. Peer participants, kindergarten to first grade males, were selected because observational performance was in repertoire but they did not have observational acquisition and speaker component of Naming in repertoire. A non-concurrent multiple probe across participants was used to measure target participants' and peer participants' acquisition of both types of observational learning, as well as Naming. The independent variable was a peer-yoked contingency game board involving an observational intervention requiring the target participants to observe the peer participant. The dependent variable was the target participants and peer participants responses to probe trials for observational performance, observational acquisition, and Naming. The results of Experiment I showed that the peer-yoked contingency game was effective for inducing observational performance, observational acquisition, and Naming for the target participants. The intervention was also effective in the induction of observational performance, observational acquisition, and Naming for the peer participants. Experiment II was then conducted to further test the effects of the peer-yoked contingency game board. The target participants in Experiment II were four preschool aged children diagnosed with as a preschooler with a disability and who did not have in repertoire observational performance, observational acquisition, and Naming. Four preschool aged children served as peer participants during the observational intervention because they had observational performance in repertoire and the listener component of naming but were missing observational acquisition and speaker component of Naming. The dependent variable was the same as in Experiment I. The independent variable in Experiment II was the peer-yoked contingency game board with the reinforcement of duplicative behaviors. There were two types of conditions: No Peer (Peer was not present during the observational task); and Peer (Peer was present for the observational task). The results showed the No Peer condition did not increase either the target participants' or peer participants' responses to probe trials to criterion level for observational performance, observational acquisition, or Naming. The data from the Peer condition was effective in inducing capabilities for target participants and peer participants.