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Relevant bibliographies by topics / PET/SPECT imaging

Academic literature on the topic 'PET/SPECT imaging'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "PET/SPECT imaging"

1

ONO, Masahiro. "Molecular Imaging by PET/SPECT." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 129, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.129.279.

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Chua, S. C., R. H. Ganatra, D. J. Green, and A. M. Groves. "Nuclear cardiology: myocardial perfusion imaging with SPECT and PET." Imaging 18, no. 3 (September 2006): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/imaging/20803801.

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Joseph, U. "Functional Cerebral SPECT and PET Imaging." Journal of Nuclear Medicine 51, no. 8 (July 21, 2010): 1326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.110.076901.

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Gallezot, Jean-Dominique, Yihuan Lu, Mika Naganawa, and Richard E. Carson. "Parametric Imaging With PET and SPECT." IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/trpms.2019.2908633.

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Pioro, Erik P. "Imaging: MRS/MRI/PET/SPECT: Pro." Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders 3, sup1 (September 2002): S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/146608202320374354.

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Kalra, S., and DL Arnold. "Imaging: MRS, MRI, PET/SPECT: Con." Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders 3, sup1 (September 2002): S73—S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/146608202320374363.

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Leigh, P. Nigel, Andrew Simmons, Steve Williams, Vicky Williams, Martin Turner, and David Brooks. "Imaging: MRS/MRI/PET/SPECT: Summary." Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders 3, sup1 (September 2002): S75—S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/146608202320374372.

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Lammertsma, Adriaan A. "PET/SPECT: functional imaging beyond flow." Vision Research 41, no. 10-11 (May 2001): 1277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00262-5.

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Rangacharyulu, Chary, and Christine K. Roh. "Isotopes for combined PET/SPECT imaging." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 305, no. 1 (February 14, 2015): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-3945-4.

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Valotassiou, Varvara, Anastasia Leondi, George Angelidis, Dimitrios Psimadas, and Panagiotis Georgoulias. "SPECT and PET Imaging of Meningiomas." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/412580.

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Meningiomas arise from the meningothelial cells of the arachnoid membranes. They are the most common primary intracranial neoplasms and represent about 20% of all intracranial tumors. They are usually diagnosed after the third decade of life and they are more frequent in women than in men. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, meningiomas can be classified into grade I meningiomas, which are benign, grade II (atypical) and grade III (anaplastic) meningiomas, which have a much more aggressive clinical behaviour. Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are routinely used in the diagnostic workup of patients with meningiomas. Molecular Nuclear Medicine Imaging with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) could provide complementary information to CT and MRI. Various SPECT and PET tracers may provide information about cellular processes and biological characteristics of meningiomas. Therefore, SPECT and PET imaging could be used for the preoperative noninvasive diagnosis and differential diagnosis of meningiomas, prediction of tumor grade and tumor recurrence, response to treatment, target volume delineation for radiation therapy planning, and distinction between residual or recurrent tumour from scar tissue.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PET/SPECT imaging"

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Cochran, Eric R. "Silicon Detectors for PET and SPECT." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1285082615.

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Konik, Arda Bekir. "Evaluation of attenuation and scatter correction requirements in small animal PET and SPECT imaging." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/691.

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Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT) are two nuclear emission-imaging modalities that rely on the detection of high-energy photons emitted from radiotracers administered to the subject. The majority of these photons are attenuated (absorbed or scattered) in the body, resulting in count losses or deviations from true detection, which in turn degrades the accuracy of images. In clinical emission tomography, sophisticated correction methods are often required employing additional x-ray CT or radionuclide transmission scans. Having proven their potential in both clinical and research areas, both PET and SPECT are being adapted for small animal imaging. However, despite the growing interest in small animal emission tomography, little scientific information exists about the accuracy of these correction methods on smaller size objects, and what level of correction is required. The purpose of this work is to determine the role of attenuation and scatter corrections as a function of object size through simulations. The simulations were performed using Interactive Data Language (IDL) and a Monte Carlo based package, Geant4 application for emission tomography (GATE). In IDL simulations, PET and SPECT data acquisition were modeled in the presence of attenuation. A mathematical emission and attenuation phantom approximating a thorax slice and slices from real PET/CT data were scaled to 5 different sizes (i.e., human, dog, rabbit, rat and mouse). The simulated emission data collected from these objects were reconstructed. The reconstructed images, with and without attenuation correction, were compared to the ideal (i.e., non-attenuated) reconstruction. Next, using GATE, scatter fraction values (the ratio of the scatter counts to the total counts) of PET and SPECT scanners were measured for various sizes of NEMA (cylindrical phantoms representing small animals and human), MOBY (realistic mouse/rat model) and XCAT (realistic human model) digital phantoms. In addition, PET projection files for different sizes of MOBY phantoms were reconstructed in 6 different conditions including attenuation and scatter corrections. Selected regions were analyzed for these different reconstruction conditions and object sizes. Finally, real mouse data from the real version of the same small animal PET scanner we modeled in our simulations were analyzed for similar reconstruction conditions. Both our IDL and GATE simulations showed that, for small animal PET and SPECT, even the smallest size objects (~2 cm diameter) showed ~15% error when both attenuation and scatter were not corrected. However, a simple attenuation correction using a uniform attenuation map and object boundary obtained from emission data significantly reduces this error (~1% for smallest size and ~6% for largest size, in non-lung regions). In addition, we did not observe any significant improvement between the uses of uniform or actual attenuation map (e.g., only ~0.5% for largest size in PET studies). The scatter correction was not significant for smaller size objects, but became increasingly important for larger sizes objects. These results suggest that for all mouse sizes and most rat sizes, uniform attenuation correction can be performed using emission data only. For smaller sizes up to ~ 4 cm, scatter correction is not required even in lung regions. For larger sizes if accurate quantization needed, additional transmission scan may be required to estimate an accurate attenuation map for both attenuation and scatter corrections.

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Pujatti, Priscilla Brunelli. "Marcadores moleculares derivados da Bombesina para diagnóstico de tumores por SPECT e PET." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-24082012-155302/.

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Uma grande variedade de moléculas já foi identificada por apresentar alta afinidade por receptores superexpressos em células tumorais, e a radiomarcação dessas moléculas oferece a possibilidade de novos compostos com aplicações diagnósticas e terapêuticas em medicina nuclear. Dentre essas moléculas, a bombesina (BBN) é uma das que despertam maior interesse, uma vez que um de seus receptores BB2 são superexpressos em células de tumores de próstata, mama, cólon, pâncreas e pulmão, além de glioblastomas e neuroblastomas. Derivados da bombesina, agonistas e antagonistas dos receptores BB2 já foram propostos para essa finalidade e apresentaram resultados promissores em estudos pré-clínicos. Entretanto, a maioria deles apresenta o incoveniente da alta captação em tecidos sadios, como pâncreas e intestino, o que pode prejudicar a eficiência diagnóstica e causar efeitos adversos na terapia. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a marcação de uma nova série de derivados da bombesina com índio-111 (111In) e gálio-68 (68Ga), de modo a avaliar seu potencial para diagnóstico de tumores que superexpressam BB2 por tomografia computadorizada por emissão de fóton único (SPECT) ou por emissão de pósitrons (PET). Os peptídeos estudados apresentam estrutura genérica YGn-BBN(6-14)-Q, em que Q é o grupamento quelante, n é o número de aminoácidos glicina do espaçador YGn e BBN(6-14) é a sequência original de aminoácidos da BBN do aminoácido 6 ao 14. Estudou-se também o derivado em que a metionina (Met) terminal da sequência da bombesina foi substituída pela norleucina (Nle). A avaliação experimental dos derivados da bombesina foi dividida em quatro etapas: estudos computacionais, marcadores moleculares para SPECT, marcadores moleculares para PET e estudos toxicológicos. Os estudos computacionais consistiram na determinação dos coeficientes de partição (log P) e distribuição (log D) teóricos dos derivados da bombesina conjugados ao quelante DTPA (ácido dietileno-triamino-pentacético e DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazaciclododecano-tetracético). No desenvolvimento de marcadores moleculares para SPECT os derivados da bombesina de diferentes espaçadores conjugados ao DTPA e radiomarcados com 111In foram avaliados para determinação do melhor espaçador para aplicação in vivo, considerando não apenas as propriedades in vivo, mas também a estabilidade. Uma vez definido o espaçador, o derivado escolhido conjugado ao quelante DTPA ou DOTA foi submetido a estudos comparativos in vitro e in vivo utilizando linhagens tumorais que expressam os receptores BB2 em níveis variados, de modo a determinar o agente quelante mais adequado para aplicação in vivo. Nessa fase experimental, alguns estudos foram realizados também com um derivado da BBN BZH3, amplamente descrito pela literatura. No desenvolvimento de marcadores moleculares para PET, o derivado composto pelo espaçador e quelante escolhido foi radiomarcado com 68Ga e submetido a estudos de biodistribuição in vivo. Por fim, estudos toxicológicos em ratos foram realizados por meio da administração de um excesso dos derivados da BBN, a fim de avaliar a segurança para futura aplicação em estudos clínicos. Todos os derivados conjugados ao DTPA foram radiomarcados com 111In com alta pureza radioquímica e alta atividade específica (174 GBq/μmol). Os marcadores moleculares obtidos apresentaram alta estabilidade frente à reação de marcação e baixa estabilidade à temperatura ambiente, a qual foi aumentada com a adição de agentes estabilizantes. A análise em soro humano indicou degradação tempo-dependente dos marcadores moleculares pelas enzimas do soro e aumento da estabilidade com o acréscimo de aminoácidos glicina no espaçador, bem como pela substituição da Met terminal pela Nle. Os estudos em CLAE e de log P confirmaram os resultados de log P teórico e indicaram que os marcadores moleculares apresentam baixa lipofilicidade, a qual decresce com o aumento do espaçador e aumenta com a substituição do aminoácido terminal. Os estudos in vivo demonstraram que os marcadores moleculares de DTPA-111In apresentam rápido clareamento sanguíneo, excreção primariamente renal e baixo acúmulo abdominal. O marcador molecular que apresentou maior captação tumoral foi aquele com a Nle terminal (YG5N), e esse foi submetido à análise comparativa entre os quelantes bifuncionais DTPA e DOTA. O YG5N-DOTA foi radiomarcado com 111In com alta atividade específica (100 GBq/μmol). Ensaios de saturação em células de tumor de próstata (PC-3 e LNCaP) e mama (T-47D) in vitro demonstraram afinidade semelhante para o peptídeo conjugado a ambos quelantes, mas o YG5N-DOTA-111In se ligou mais às células de tumor de próstata, mas não às células de tumor de mama. Esse marcador molecular também foi mais internalizado pelas células PC-3. Os estudos in vivo indicaram maior estabilidade do marcador molecular conjugado ao DOTA em soro de camundongo, mas captação dos dois peptídeos semelhante pelo tumor de células PC-3 e LNCaP, embora esse último tenha demonstrado uma concentração duas vezes menor do receptor BB2. A imagem SPECT/CT dos tumores foi possível com os dois peptídeos. Em comparação com o derivado BZH3-111In, os marcadores moleculares apresentaram captação tumoral semelhante, mas as imagens foram mais favoráveis devido à menor captação abdominal. O YG5N-DOTA foi então radiomarcado com 68Ga, obtendo-se alta pureza radioquímica, e seu perfil de distribuição foi semelhante ao do derivado radiomarcado com 111In, com significativa captação pelo tumor de células PC-3. Os ensaios de tolerância toxicológica demonstraram que os derivados da bombesina são seguros até a concentração administrada, não apresentando toxicidade hematológica, hepática ou renal. O derivado da BBN YG5N conjugado ao DTPA ou DOTA é uma ferramenta promissora e segura para o diagnóstico de tumores que superexpressam os receptores BB2 por SPECT e PET.
A high number of molecules have already been identified to have high affinity to some receptors overexpressed on tumour cells and the radiolabelling of those molecules offers the possibility of new compounds for tumour diagnosis and therapy by nuclear medicine. Among of those molecules, bombesin (BBN) has become focus of interest, as its BB2 receptors are known to be overexpressed in prostate, breast, colon, pancreatic and lung tumour, as long as glioblastomas and neuroblastomas. BBN agonists and antagonists have already been described for this purpose and promising results were obtained in preclinical studies. However, most of them exhibited high abdominal accumulation, especially in pancreas and intestines, which can compromise diagnosis accuracy and cause serious adverse effects in therapy. In this context, the goal of the present work to radiolabel new BBN derivatives with 111In and 68Ga and to evaluate their potential for BB2 positive tumors diagnosis by single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). The structure of studied peptides was Q-YGn-BBN(6-14), where Q is the chelator, n is the number of glycine aminoacids in the spacer YGn and BBN(6-14) is the original bombesin sequence from the aminoacid 6 to 14. The derivative in which the last aminoacid (methionine, Met) was replaced by norleucine (Nle) was also evaluated. The experimental evaluation of the bombesin derivatives was divided into four steps: computational studies, molecular markers for SPECT, molecular markers for PET and toxicological studies. The teorical partition (log P) and distribution (log D) coefficients were calculated for all bombesin derivatives conjugated to DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) and DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) chelators applying computational programmes. Bombesin derivatives for SPECT were developed by radiolabelling DTPA-conjugated bombesin derivatives with 111In to determine the best spacer for in vivo applications, regarding the stability and in vivo properties. The derivative with the most favorable properties and conjugated to DTPA or DOTA was evaluated in comparative in vitro and in vivo studies in different BB2 expressing tumour cells, in order to determine the best chelator to be used in vivo. Some comparative studies were also performed with the BBN analogue BZH3, which was described by the literature. The molecular marker for PET was developed by radiolabelling the derivative chosen with 68Ga and evaluating the biodistribution profile in healthy and tumour mice. Finally, toxicological studies were performed by injecting an excess of cold bombesin derivatives in rats to determine their safety for clinical querries. All derivatives conjugated to DTPA were radiolabelled with 111In at high radiochemical purity and high specific activity (174 GBq/μmol). The molecular markers presented high stability during radiolabelling and low stability at room temperature and this stability was increased after the addition of stabilizer agents. Stability in human serum analysis suggested time-course degradation by human serum enzymes and the increase on glycine aminoacids in the spacer improved the molecular markers stability, as long as the replacement of terminal Met by Nle. HPLC and log P results confirmed the teorical log P data which showed that the BBN derivatives present low lipophilicity, which decreases with the increase on glycine aminoacids in the spacer and the replacement of terminal Met by Nle. In vivo studies demonstrated that 111In-DTPA-BBN analogues present fast blood clearance, excretion by renal pathway and low abdominal accumulation. Highest tumour uptake was observed with the Nle-terminal derivative (YG5N), which was used for the comparison between the DTPA and DOTA chelators. DOTA-YG5N was also radiolabeled with 111In at high specific activity (100 GBq/μmol), but this was lower than for the DTPA derivatives. Saturation binding assays on prostate (PC-3 e LNCaP) and breast (T-47D) tumour cells showed similar affinity for the radiopeptide conjugated to DTPA and DOTA, higher binding of DOTA-peptide to PC-3 and LNCap cells was observed, but not for T-47D cells. This molecular marker was also more internalized by PC-3 cells. In vivo studies showed higher stability for 111In-DOTA-YG5N in mice serum, and the uptake of DTPA and DOTA peptide was similar by PC-3 and LNCaP tumour, although this last tumour has shown 2-fold less BB2 receptors than PC-3. SPECT/CT imaging of PC-3 and LNCaP was possible with both radiopeptides. When compared to 111In-BZH3, the molecular markers present similar tumour uptake, but with more favorable images, because of their lower abdominal uptake. DOTA-YG5N was radiolabeled with 68Ga with high radiochemical purity and the biodistribution profile was similar to the peptide labeled with 111In, with significative PC-3 tumour uptake. Toxicological studies showed the bombesin derivatives are safe up to concentration administered and did not present hematological, hepatic or renal toxicity. The BBN derivative YG5N conjugated to DTPA or DOTA is a promising and safe tool for BB2 expressing tumour diagnosis by SPECT and PET.

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O'Rourke, Kerry M. "The synthesis of novel PET and SPECT imaging agents and the development of new radioiododeboronation procedures." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/39012/.

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During the course of this PhD, a number of potential PET and SPECT imaging agents were synthesised for particular in vivo targets. The first targets were monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 2 (MCT 1 and 2) which are responsible for the transport of moncarboxylates such as lactate and pyruvate across plasma membranes. The generation of imaging agents which bind to these MCTs could lead to the effective molecular imaging of epileptogenic regions of the brain. A potent and selective inhibitor of MCT 1 and 2 was previously synthesised by AstraZeneca (AR-C155858). In this project, a library of analogues of this compound was synthesised, containing potential sites for radiolabelling. A group of these compounds underwent preliminary biological evaluation to determine the inhibitory effect on lactate uptake against MCT 1, 2 and 4 (the most active being thienopyrimidine 73). The second target was poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), an enzyme used in the repair of DNA. Targeting PARP-1 with radiotracers could aid the diagnosis and monitoring of various tumours. A small library of potential PET imaging agents, which have the potential to undergo facile radiofluorination, were synthesised based on the PARP-1 inhibitor olaparib. This series of compounds were subject to a PARP-1 immunofluorescence assay and the most potent compound in the series was found to be phthalazinone 147. The second part of this thesis describes the development of novel radioiododeboronation methods using both gold(I) and potassium acetate catalysis. These methods were used in the radiosynthesis of a number of aromatic iodides, giving the radiolabelled products in high radiochemical yields. SPECT imaging agents [125I]MIBG and a PARP-1 tracer were also generated under these conditions.

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Trezza, Maicol. "Imaging medico-nucleare: Principi di funzionamento e campi applicativi." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6989/.

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Keinan, Sara, and Elma Zaklan. "Kartläggning av hjärnundersökningar med PET/CT på svenska universitetssjukhus : Redovisning av modalitetsuppbyggnad, undersökningsmetod och rekonstruktionsmetod samt stråldosjämförelse mellan PET och SPECT." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44453.

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Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a method that quantitatively visualizes physiological processes. The most common indications for PET brain are early diagnosis of various dementia types with 18F-Fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). The hospital in Jonkoping installed a new PET/CT and brain examinations have not yet been performed. The aim of the study was to map how hospitals in Sweden performed seven selected brain examinations with PET/CT focusing on modality structure, examination method and reconstruction method, with a comparison of radiation dose between PET/CT and single photon emission computed tomography/CT (SPECT)/CT. Out of the nine university hospitals selected, two were excluded. The method was prospective with quantitative approach and data was collected through a protocol. Compilation was made on Excel and the statistics were processed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The result showed similarities, for example reconstruction method and differences, for example fasting time. Effective dose was higher on SPECT than PET in examination of Parkinson's disease, however no significant difference (p = 0,059) was detected. Higher effective doses on SPECT was due to longer half-lives and greater dosages of Ioflupane (123I-Datscan) than 18F-FDG. For further studies, more hospitals and parameters in the protocol can be included.

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Wållberg, Helena. "Design and Evaluation of Radiolabeled Affibody Tracers for Imaging of HER2-expressing Tumors." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Molekylär Bioteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-40890.

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The growing understanding of tumor biology and the identification of tumor specificgenetic and molecular alterations, such as the overexpression of human epidermal growthfactor receptor 2 (HER2), opens up for personalization of patient management using targeted therapies. However, this puts stringent demands on the diagnostic tools usedto identify patients that are likely to respond to a particular treatment. Radionuclide molecular imaging is a promising non-invasive method to visualize and characterize the expression of such targets. This thesis, based on five papers, is focused on the development of radiolabeled Affibody molecules for imaging of HER2-expression in malignant tumors. Affibody molecules, which represent a rather novel class of affinity proteins developed by combinatorial protein engineering of the protein A derived Z-domain, display manyfeatures that make them promising tracers for molecular imaging applications. The aim of the work presented here was to further develop the tracer format for improved in vivo properties and flexibility in the choice of radionuclide. In paper I, the development of an assay that enables quantitative studies of the internalization rate and cellular processing of high affinity Affibody molecules is described. The assay was applied to a HER2-binding Affibody variant that was efficiently retained by HER2-expressing cells, although characterized by a slow internalization rate. This may have implications for the choice of label for Affibody molecules since high affinity to the target may be equally, or more, important for good imaging quality than residualizing properties of the radiolabel. In paper II, a HER2-binding Affibody molecule and the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab were labeled with positron emitting 124I, for a head-to-head in vivocomparison of the two tracer formats. The effects of tracer size and presence of an Fc region on the biodistribution profile were investigated. In paper III, a HER2-binding Affibody molecule was site-specifically labeled with radiocobalt and evaluated in vitro and in vivo.A head-to-head in vivo comparison with the well-studied 111In-labeled counterpart was performed, revealing promising potential for the cobalt-labeled molecule as a PET-tracerfor visualization of HER2. Paper IV describes the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a panel of Affibody molecules with different C-terminal peptide-based chelators for the coordination of 99mTc. Even small changes in the C-terminal sequence had appreciable impact on the biodistribution of the Affibody molecules and by optimizing the design of the chelator, the kidney uptake of 99mTc could be significantly reduced. Finally, in paper V we describe the development of a HER2-targeting Affibody variant equipped with a Sel-tag for site-specific labeling with the short-lived positron emitter 11C. This novel Affibody tracer could be used to image HER2-expressing tumors in vivo within one hour after injection. Taken together, Affibody molecules show great promise as targeting tracers for radionuclide molecular imaging of HER2. Careful design and optimization of the tracer protein is important and can be used to improve the biodistribution and targeting properties of Affibody molecules.
QC 20110922

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Benedetto, Raquel. "89Zr-Imuno-PET/111In-Imuno- SPECT: desenvolvimento radiofarmacêutico de agentes de imagem molecular para receptores EGF." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-16022018-150129/.

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A baixa seletividade dos métodos convencionais para diagnóstico e terapia de neoplasias, bem como o fato de nem sempre alcançarem o sucesso terapêutico desejado, configuram dificuldades para a prática oncológica. Diante disso, os anticorpos monoclonais (AcMs) radiomarcados, aplicados em técnicas diagnósticas, têm se destacado, visto que permitem a entrega seletiva da radiação ao alvo de interesse. A metodologia Radioimunodiagnóstico (RID), utilizando AcM anti-EGFR radiomarcado, possibilita triagem prévia, avaliando a resistência ao tratamento e estratificando pacientes que possam apresentar benefícios à imunoterapia com cetuximabe. Além disso, permite monitorar a progressão da terapia, visando tratamento mais efetivo e direcionado, promulgando a abordagem da medicina personalizada. No Brasil, ainda não há radioimunoconjugado disponível para diagnóstico e seguimento do câncer. Nesse contexto, o objetivo com este trabalho foi o de desenvolver uma formulação farmacêutica para padronizar uma rotina de produção dos radiofármacos para radioimunodiagnóstico de câncer de cabeça e pescoço e de câncer colorretal: cetuximabe-DTPA-111In e cetuximabe-DFO-89Zr. Em adição, corroborar na elucidação dos mecanismos de resistência das células tumorais à terapia com o cetuximabe, através da realização de estudos de ligação do radioimunoconjugado à receptores celulares. Em relação aos radiofármacos estudados, destaca-se que os processos de conjugação do cetuximabe com os quelantes DTPA, na razão molar 1:20, e com o DFO, 1:5, foram bem-sucedidos e otimizados, demonstrando boa reprodutibilidade. Os imunoconjugados apresentaram preservação da imunorreatividade e alta estabilidade quando armazenados a -20°C por até seis meses. Esses imunoconjugados, quando radiomarcado com 111In e 89Zr, exibiram pureza radioquímica superior a 95%, sem necessidade de purificação pós-marcação, e estabilidade por tempo que possibilita seu transporte às clínicas distantes do centro produtor. As análises in vitro do cetuximabe-DTPA-111In em células FaDu-C10 (linhagem resistente) demonstraram percentual inexpressivo de ligação e internalização do radioimunoconjugado, congruindo na explanação do modelo de resistência conferido à linhagem. O estudo de corpo inteiro em MicroPET/TC revelou redução no perfil de captação no grupo de bloqueio, com excesso de cetuximabe não marcado, e intensa captação do cetuximabe-DFO-89Zr pelo tumor de células escamosas no grupo sem bloqueador, confirmando a especificidade in vivo do radioimunoconjugado. Os estudos de biodistribuição dos radiofármacos foram compatíveis com os descritos em literatura e validaram os resultados obtidos por imagens em MicroSPECT/TC e MicroPET/TC, além de apresentarem apreciável captação tumoral, considerando os tempos analisados. A estabilidade alta in vivo e a eficácia da marcação foram confirmadas pela baixa captação óssea e em tecidos não alvos. O melhor intervalo pós-injeção do radiofármaco para avaliação in vivo foi após cinco dias da administração. Conclui-se, portanto, que os radioimunoconjugados para imuno-SPECT e imuno-PET, cetuximabe-DTPA-111In e cetuximabe-DFO-89Zr, são ferramentas promissoras para diagnóstico e monitoramento de câncer receptor específico (EGFR) e para estratificação de pacientes à terapia anti-EGFR, encorajando a continuidade deste projeto para futuros estudos clínicos.
The low selectivity of conventional methods for cancer diagnosis and therapy, as well as the fact that these methods could not achieve the desired therapeutic success, constitute difficulties for the oncological practice. In this regard, radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) applied in diagnostic techniques have been highlighted, since they allow the selective delivery of the radiation to the specific target. The radioimmunodiagnosis methodology (RID), using radiolabeled anti-EGFR mAbs, enables previous screening, evaluating resistance to treatment and stratifying patients who may present benefits to cetuximab immunotherapy. In addition, it allows monitoring the progression of the therapy, aiming for a more effective and directed treatment, leading the personalized medicine approach. A radioimmunoconjugate is not yet available for diagnosis and management of cancer in Brazil. In this context, this research was carried out to develop a pharmaceutical formulation to standardize a routine production of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and monitoring head and neck cancer and colorectal carcinoma: 111In-DTPA-cetuximab and 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab. In addition, corroborate in the elucidation of the tumor cells resistance mechanisms to EGFR-targeted therapy, through in vitro and in vivo radioimmunoconjugate binding studies to cellular receptors. Regarding to the radiopharmaceuticals studied, cetuximab was conjugated to DTPA chelator at 1:20 molar ratio and to DFO at 1: 5, and these processes were successful and optimized, showing good reproducibility. Immunoconjugates showed preservation of immunoreactivity and high stability when stored at -20 °C for up to 6 months. These immunoconjugates when radiolabeled with 111In and 89Zr have exhibited radiochemical purity above 95%, without any post-labeling purification, and the radioimmunoconjugates have demonstrated stability for a time that allows them to be transported to clinics far from the producer center. 111In-DTPA-cetuximab in vitro analyzes in FaDu-C10 cells (resistant cell line) has presented an inexpressive percentage of binding and internalization of the radioimmunoconjugate, ensuring the resistance model conferred to this cell line. The MicroPET/CT imaging study has revealed a reduction in uptake profile for \"Blocking\" group, with an excess of unlabeling cetuximab, and an intense 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab uptake in squamous cell tumor for \"Non-blocking\" group, that evidenced the in vivo radioimmunoconjugate specificity. The biodistribution studies of the radiopharmaceuticals were well-matched with those described in the literature and they validated the results obtained through the MicroSPECT/CT and MicroPET/ CT images. In addition, these studies in vivo have displayed a substantial tumor uptake, according with the analyzed time points. The radioimmunoconjugate showed high in vivo stability and labeling procedures efficiency, which were confirmed by low bone and non-target tissues uptake. The best post-injection interval for in vivo evaluation is after 5 days of radioimmunoconjugate administration. In conclusion, the radioimmunoconjugates for immuno-SPECT and immuno-PET, 111In-DTPA-cetuximab and 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab, are promising tools for diagnosis and monitoring of specific receptor cancer (EGFR), as well as for stratification of patients to anti-EGFR therapy, and thus encourages the continuity of this project for future clinical trials.

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RAINONE, PAOLO. "99MTC-RADIOLABELED NANOPARTICLES FOR TARGETED DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF HER2-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/701981.

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Introduction: The HER2 receptor overexpression is normally associated to aggressive and infiltrating breast cancer (BC) phenotype with propensity to spread into metastases. Nowadays, the detection of HER2 in primary tumor lesions and in their metastases is based on invasive methods as well therapy clinical outcomes are not satisfactory yet. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of nanoparticles able to host various functionalities for specific targeting and to be loaded with therapeutic molecules, making possible the simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of human cancers (theranostic). In the present Thesis study, was evaluated the potential use of targeted silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) as theranostic agent for HER2+ breast cancer. Methods: SiNPs were engineered with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab, in the form of half-chain (Hc-TZ), and radiolabeled employing 99mTc for in vivo SPECT imaging detection of HER2+ BC lesions. Subsequently, SiNPs were loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) for treatment evaluation. Experimental design was divided in three main tasks. First, we evaluated the contribution offered by active targeting (Hc-TZ) to the selective distribution of SiNPs in solid HER2 positive BC lesions. To this aim, both Hc-TZ conjugated (SiNP-TZ) and non-conjugated (SiNP) nanosilica shells were radiolabeled with 99mTc-Tricarbonyl complex, through nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) linker procedure, and their distribution kinetics evaluated in vitro and ex vivo in ad hoc cancer models. Nanoparticles were simultaneous filled with a fluorescent dye and their uptake were also assessed by FACS analysis and fluorescence microscopy. In the second experimental step, nanoparticles were also engineered with several amount of Hc-TZ (SiNPs to Hc-TZ ratio, 1:2 and 1:8 respectively), and were 99mTc-labeled at histidine residues of the antibody chain for ex vivo/in vivo biodistribution evaluation. Finally, SiNP-TZ were loaded with DOX and in vitro/in vivo DOX distribution in HER2 positive models was evaluated using confocal microscopy and Optical Imaging, in comparison to liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx). The treatment efficacy of DOX-SiNP-TZ (1:8 Hc-TZ) versus Caelyx was evaluated in vivo for six weeks of treatment, also using PET molecular imaging ([18F]FDG) approach. Results: In vitro assays showed a higher fluorescence signal (FICT) in SK-BR-3 compared to MDA-MB-468 cells, exclusively for targeted SiNP-NTA-TZ/SiNP-TZ with an increase over time. Ex vivo biodistribution of 99mTc-labelled nanoparticles via NTA, at 4 h post-injection of SiNP-NTA-TZ and/or non-targeted (SiNP-NTA), exhibited values of 3.53 and 1.69 in tumor (tumor to muscle ratio) respectively, with a rapid reduction over time for targeted nanoparticles. These results indicated the presence of an antibody-receptor mediated tumor uptake of SiNP-NTA-TZ, with a faster washout of nanoparticles radiolabeled shell. In the second set of experiments, performed with 99mTc-SiNP-TZ labelled on TZ half chain, uptake was confirmed at 4 h p.i. for SiNP-TZ (1:8 Hc-TZ) with similar results to SiNP-TZ (1:2 Hc-TZ). Instead, was showed a progressive retention of radioactivity until 24 h p.i., confirming the presence of radiolabeled Hc-TZ to the tumor also at latter times, with improved results for SiNP-TZ (1:8 Hc-TZ), also in terms of radiochemical yield. Doxorubicin loaded SiNP-TZ (1:8 Hc-TZ) showed in vivo similar delivery results in comparison to Caelyx at 6 h p.i., meanwhile at the end of treatment tumor volume reduction resulted significant improved by targeted nanoparticles administration. Conclusion: Results of this Thesis study, demonstrated a promising specificity and treatment efficacy of the silica nanoparticles-based system SiNP-TZ, encouraging its potential use as theranostic agent for HER2+ breast cancer lesions.

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Rosik, Daniel. "On the Design of Affibody Molecules for Radiolabeling and In Vivo Molecular Imaging." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Molekylär Bioteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-117862.

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Affibody molecules have lately shown great potential as tools for in vivo molecular imaging. These small, 3-helical bundles, with their highly stable protein scaffold, are well suited for the often harsh conditions of radiolabeling. Their small size allows for rapid clearance from the blood circulation which permits the collection of images already within hours after injection. This thesis includes four papers aimed at engineering different variants of a HER2-binding Affibody molecule to enable effective and flexible radiolabeling and enhancing the molecular imaging in terms of imaging contrast and resolution. In paper I an Affibody molecule was engineered to function as a multifunctional platform for site-specific labeling with different nuclides for radionuclide imaging. This was done using only natural amino acids, thereby allowing for both synthetic and recombinant production. By grafting the amino acid sequence -GSECG to the C-terminal of our model-protein, a HER2-binding Affibody molecule, we enabled site specific labeling with both trivalent radiometals and with 99m Tc. Maleim-ide-DOTA was conjugated to the cysteine residue for labeling with 111 In, while the peptide sequence was able to chelate 99m Tc directly. This approach can also be used for site-specific labeling with other probes available for thiol-chemistry, and is applicable also to other protein scaffolds. In paper II we investigated the impact of size and affinity of radiolabeled Affibody molecules on tumor targeting and image contrast. Two HER2-targeting Affibody molecules, a two-helix (~5 kDa) and a three-helix (~7 kDa) counterpart, were synthetically produced, labeled with 111 In via chelation by DOTA and directly compared in terms of biodistribution and targeting properties. Results showed that the smaller variant can provide higher contrast images, at the cost of lower tumor uptake, in high-expressing HER2-tumors. However, neither the tumor uptake nor the contrast of the two-helix variant is sufficient to compete with the three-helix molecule in tumors with low expression of HER2. In paper III and IV we were aiming to find methods to improve the labeling of Affibody molecules with 18 F for PET imaging. Current methods are either complex, time-consuming or generate heavily lipophilic conjugates. This results in low yields of radiolabeled tracer, low specific activity left for imaging, undesirable biodistribution or a combination thereof. In paper III we demonstrate a swift and efficient 2-step, 1-pot method for labeling HER2-binding Affibody molecules by the formation of aluminum 18 F-ﬂuoride (Al 18 F) and its chelation by NOTA, all in 30 min. The results show that the 18 F-NOTA-approach is a very promising method of labeling Affibody molecules with 18 F and further investigation of this scheme is highly motivated. In the last paper we pursued the possibility of decreasing the high kidney retention that is common among small radiotracers with residual-izing radiometabolites. In this work 18 F-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (FBA) was conjugated to a synthetic HER2-targeting Affibody molecule via oxime ligation. However, to avoid elevated liver retention, as seen in previous studies with this kind of label, a hydrophilic triglutamyl spacer between the aminooxy moiety and the N-terminal was introduced. A comparison of the two constructs (with and without the triglutamyl spacer) showed a clear reduction of retention in both kidney and liver in NMRI mice at 2 h p.i. when the spacer was included. In the light of these promising results, further studies including tumor-bearing mice, are in preparation.

QC 20130203

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Books on the topic "PET/SPECT imaging"

1

Dahlbom, Magnus, ed. Physics of PET and SPECT Imaging. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374383.

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Heertum, Ronald L. Van. Functional cerebral SPECT and PET imaging. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010.

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L, Van Heertum Ronald, Tikofsky Ronald S, and Ichise Masanori, eds. Functional cerebral SPECT and PET imaging. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010.

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Heertum, Ronald L. Van. Functional cerebral SPECT and PET imaging. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010.

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Delbeke, Dominique, and Ora Israel, eds. Hybrid PET/CT and SPECT/CT Imaging. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92820-3.

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Molecular imaging: Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009.

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name, No. Clinical molecular anatomic imaging: PET, PET/CT, and SPECT/CT. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Willians & Wilkins, 2003.

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von, Schulthess Gustav Konrad, and Schulthess Gustav Konrad von, eds. Clinical molecular anatomic imaging: PET, PET/CT, and SPECT/CT. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.

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Creasey, William A. Newer radionuclide imaging techniques in oncology: PET and SPECT. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, International Cancer Research Data Bank, 1989.

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der, Wall E. van, ed. What's new in cardiac imaging?: SPECT, PET, and MRI. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "PET/SPECT imaging"

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Tai, Yuan-Chuan. "PET/SPECT." In Drug Delivery Applications of Noninvasive Imaging, 12–44. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118356845.ch2.

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Haberkorn, Uwe. "PET and SPECT." In Molecular Imaging II, 13–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77496-9_2.

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Decristoforo, Clemens, Uwe Haberkorn, Roland Haubner, Walter Mier, and Sibylle I. Ziegler. "PET and SPECT." In Small Animal Imaging, 361–402. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42202-2_15.

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Ziegler, Sibylle I. "PET and SPECT." In Small Animal Imaging, 231–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12945-2_17.

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Pepe, Giovanna, and Margarita Kirienko. "Radionuclide Imaging (SPECT)." In PET/CT in Neuroendocrine Tumors, 25–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29203-8_5.

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Chappell, Michael. "Emission—SPECT/PET." In Principles of Medical Imaging for Engineers, 31–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30511-6_4.

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Spanoudaki, Virginia C., and Sibylle I. Ziegler. "PET & SPECT Instrumentation." In Molecular Imaging I, 53–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72718-7_3.

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Huang, Sung-Cheng, and Koon-Pong Wong. "Dynamic PET imaging." In Physics of PET and SPECT Imaging, 321–35. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374383-16.

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Vorster, Mariza, Nozipho Nyakale, and Mike Sathekge. "Impulsivity Imaging." In PET and SPECT in Psychiatry, 583–620. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40384-2_25.

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Lawal, Ismaheel, Mariza Vorster, Nozipho Nyakale, and Mike Sathekge. "Impulsivity Imaging." In PET and SPECT in Psychiatry, 773–816. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57231-0_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "PET/SPECT imaging"

1

Lecomte, Roger, Carlos Granja, Claude Leroy, and Ivan Stekl. "Biomedical Imaging: SPECT and PET." In Nuclear Physics Medthods and Accelerators in Biology and Medicine. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2825759.

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"Design of Radioprobes for Pet and Spect Imaging." In Special Session on How to Visualize Cardiovascular Function? SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004663400750078.

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Yiping Shao, Rutao Yao, Tianyu Ma, and Phani Manchiraju. "Initial studies of PET-SPECT dual-tracer imaging." In 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2007.4437043.

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Krol, Andrzej, David H. Feiglin, Frank D. Thomas, Bradford J. Hellwig, and George M. Gagne. "Multimodality tomographic scintimammography with PET, PECI, and SPECT: initial evaluation." In Medical Imaging 2002, edited by Anne V. Clough and Chin-Tu Chen. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.463599.

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van Eijk, Carel W. E., D. Jan van der Laan, Marnix C. Maas, and Dennis R. Schaart. "Monolithic scintillator blocks in PET and SPECT." In 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging conference (2008 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2008.4774123.

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Bartoli, Antonietta, Nicola Belcari, Alberto Del Guerra, and Serena Fabbri. "Simultaneous PET/SPECT imaging with the small animal scanner YAP-(S)PET." In 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2007.4436862.

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"Energy window optimization of PET detectors for SPECT imaging." In 2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2013.6829104.

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Ryu, HyunJu, Enid Eslick, Kathy P. Willowson, Steven R. Meikle, and Dale L. Bailey. "Performance Evaluation of Quantitative SPECT/CT: Applying NEMA NU2 PET Measurements to SPECT." In 2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2017.8532647.

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Xiao Deng, Tianyu Ma, Jules Cadorette, Zixiong Cao, Jean-Francois Beaudoin, Roger Lecomte, and Rutao Yao. "Geometrical calibration for an animal PET converted SPECT." In 2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2010 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2010.5874357.

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"Animal SPECT imaging on a shared PET/SPECT ring detector with elliptical-pinhole collimator." In 2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2013.6829100.

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Reports on the topic "PET/SPECT imaging"

1

Deutscher, Susan. Radiolabeled Peptide Scaffolds for PET/SPECT - Optical in Vivo Imaging of Carbohydrate-Lectin Interactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1158790.

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Kostova, Maya. Synthesis of PSA Inhibitors as SPECT- and PET-Based Imaging Agents for Prostate Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada548605.

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Rosato-Scott, Claire, Dani J. Barrington, Amita Bhakta, Sarah J. House, Islay Mactaggart, and Jane Wilbur. Incontinence: We Need to Talk About Leaks. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.005.

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Anyone, of any gender, at any age, can leak urine or faeces. What would you do if it happened to you? Imagine if you’d woken up this morning and you’d wet the bed. What would you do? Have a wash, put on clean clothes, change the bedding and put it in a washing machine? You may go to the shop and buy an incontinence pad. And perhaps if you knew that there was help available for leaking urine you’d make an appointment to see a doctor next week and then just carry on with the rest of your day, dignity intact. Now imagine if you’d woken up this morning and you’d wet the bed. But to have a wash, or clean your clothes and bedding, you’d have to walk for an hour to collect water. Imagine you are frightened to walk there alone, the path is steep and you struggle to use the hand pump. Even if you did get water, you don’t have enough soap so the smells would linger anyway. And after all that effort, you have nothing to wear to soak up urine if it happens again. What if you didn’t know that leaking urine was common, and you spent the rest of the day worried about your health and too embarrassed to go to work in case people could tell? What if you were worried that your partner would hit you again for making a mess so you had very little to drink all day for fear of it happening again? What can you do to support people living with incontinence? To start, we need to talk about leaks.

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Rosato-Scott, Claire, Dani J. Barrington, Amita Bhakta, Sarah J. House, Islay Mactaggart, and Jane Wilbur. Incontinence: We Need to Talk About Leaks. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.011.

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Anyone, of any gender, at any age, can leak urine or faeces. What would you do if it happened to you? Imagine if you’d woken up this morning and you’d wet the bed. What would you do? Have a wash, put on clean clothes, change the bedding and put it in a washing machine? You may go to the shop and buy an incontinence pad. And perhaps if you knew that there was help available for leaking urine you’d make an appointment to see a doctor next week and then just carry on with the rest of your day, dignity intact. Now imagine if you’d woken up this morning and you’d wet the bed. But to have a wash, or clean your clothes and bedding, you’d have to walk for an hour to collect water. Imagine you are frightened to walk there alone, the path is steep and you struggle to use the hand pump. Even if you did get water, you don’t have enough soap so the smells would linger anyway. And after all that effort, you have nothing to wear to soak up urine if it happens again. What if you didn’t know that leaking urine was common, and you spent the rest of the day worried about your health and too embarrassed to go to work in case people could tell? What if you were worried that your partner would hit you again for making a mess so you had very little to drink all day for fear of it happening again? What can you do to support people living with incontinence? To start, we need to talk about leaks.

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5

Tao, Yang, Amos Mizrach, Victor Alchanatis, Nachshon Shamir, and Tom Porter. Automated imaging broiler chicksexing for gender-specific and efficient production. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594391.bard.

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Extending the previous two years of research results (Mizarch, et al, 2012, Tao, 2011, 2012), the third year’s efforts in both Maryland and Israel were directed towards the engineering of the system. The activities included the robust chick handling and its conveyor system development, optical system improvement, online dynamic motion imaging of chicks, multi-image sequence optimal feather extraction and detection, and pattern recognition. Mechanical System Engineering The third model of the mechanical chick handling system with high-speed imaging system was built as shown in Fig. 1. This system has the improved chick holding cups and motion mechanisms that enable chicks to open wings through the view section. The mechanical system has achieved the speed of 4 chicks per second which exceeds the design specs of 3 chicks per second. In the center of the conveyor, a high-speed camera with UV sensitive optical system, shown in Fig.2, was installed that captures chick images at multiple frames (45 images and system selectable) when the chick passing through the view area. Through intensive discussions and efforts, the PIs of Maryland and ARO have created the protocol of joint hardware and software that uses sequential images of chick in its fall motion to capture opening wings and extract the optimal opening positions. This approached enables the reliable feather feature extraction in dynamic motion and pattern recognition. Improving of Chick Wing Deployment The mechanical system for chick conveying and especially the section that cause chicks to deploy their wings wide open under the fast video camera and the UV light was investigated along the third study year. As a natural behavior, chicks tend to deploy their wings as a mean of balancing their body when a sudden change in the vertical movement was applied. In the latest two years, this was achieved by causing the chicks to move in a free fall, in the earth gravity (g) along short vertical distance. The chicks have always tended to deploy their wing but not always in wide horizontal open situation. Such position is requested in order to get successful image under the video camera. Besides, the cells with checks bumped suddenly at the end of the free falling path. That caused the chicks legs to collapse inside the cells and the image of wing become bluer. For improving the movement and preventing the chick legs from collapsing, a slowing down mechanism was design and tested. This was done by installing of plastic block, that was printed in a predesign variable slope (Fig. 3) at the end of the path of falling cells (Fig.4). The cells are moving down in variable velocity according the block slope and achieve zero velocity at the end of the path. The slop was design in a way that the deacceleration become 0.8g instead the free fall gravity (g) without presence of the block. The tests showed better deployment and wider chick's wing opening as well as better balance along the movement. Design of additional sizes of block slops is under investigation. Slops that create accelerations of 0.7g, 0.9g, and variable accelerations are designed for improving movement path and images.

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