Journal articles on the topic 'Pet Food Safety'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Pet Food Safety.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Pet Food Safety.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Chandler, Marjorie L. "Pet Food Safety: Sodium in Pet Foods." Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 23, no. 3 (August 2008): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2008.04.008.
Full text
2
Laflamme, D. P. "Pet Food Safety: Dietary Protein." Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 23, no. 3 (August 2008): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2008.04.009.
Full text
3
Edwards, David, and Charlotte Conway. "334 Pet food safety: truth in labeling." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.115.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In the United States, substances intended for use in animal foods are generally considered to be either animal foods or animal drugs. The regulatory classification of a substance relies on its intended use. Claims for substances that are regulated as animal foods are limited to those that can be attributed to the substance’s “food” properties, which the courts in the United States have defined as being related to the provision of nutritive value, taste, or aroma or for a technical effect on the food itself. Any substance intentionally added to an animal food must be either an approved food additive as listed in part 573 in Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR 573) or a substance that is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for an intended use, including those listed in 21 CFR 582 and 584. Also, in coordination with state feed control officials, CVM recognizes ingredients in the Official Publication of the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) as being acceptable for use in animal foods. Everything on a pet food label must be truthful, not misleading, and appropriate for a product regulated as food. Federal regulations (21 CFR 501) require that labels include: an appropriate product name, all ingredients in descending order of predominance by weight, a statement of net quantity of contents, and the address of manufacturer or distributor. Most states have additional labeling requirements. Studies conducted for scientific research need to be evaluated to determine if the endpoints and parameters measured are also appropriate as regulatory data. Feeding studies may address target animal safety and/or utility of the substance for its intended use as a food. CVM will provide written feedback on protocols intended to address new feed ingredients.
4
Buchanan, Robert L., Robert C. Baker, Adrian J. Charlton, Jim E. Riviere, and Robert Standaert. "Pet food safety: a shared concern." British Journal of Nutrition 106, S1 (October 12, 2011): S78—S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511005034.
Full textAbstract:
The safety of the food supply is a subject of intense interest to consumers, particularly as a result of large-scale outbreaks that involve hundreds and sometimes thousands of consumers. During the last decade, this concern about food safety has expanded to include the diets of companion animals as a result of several incidences of chemical toxicities and infectious disease transmission. This has led to increased research into the causes and controls for these hazards for both companion animals and their owners. The following summary provides an introduction to the issues, challenges and new tools being developed to ensure that commercial pet foods are both nutritious and safe.
5
THOMAS, MERLYN, and YAOHUA FENG. "Risk of Foodborne Illness from Pet Food: Assessing Pet Owners' Knowledge, Behavior, and Risk Perception." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 11 (July 1, 2020): 1998–2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-108.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Pet food has been identified as a source of pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella and Escherichia coli. A recent outbreak linked to Salmonella-contaminated pet treats infected >150 people in the United States. The mechanism by which contaminated pet food leads to human illness has not been explicated, and pet owners' food safety knowledge and their pet food handling practices have not been reported. This study was conducted to evaluate pet owners' food safety knowledge and pet food handling practices through an online consumer survey. The survey consisted of 62 questions and assessed (i) owners' food safety knowledge and pet food handling practices; (ii) owners' interaction with pets; and (iii) owners' risk perception related to their own health, their children's health, and their pets' health. The survey was pilot tested among 59 pet owners before distribution to a national consumer panel managed by Qualtrics XM (Provo, UT). All participants (n = 1,040) were dog and/or cat owners in the United States. Almost all pet owners (93%) interacted with their pets, and most cuddled, allowed their pets to lick them, and slept with their pets. Less than one-third of pet owners washed their hands with soap after interacting with their pets. Over half (58%) of the owners reported washing their hands after feeding their pets. Most pet owners fed their pets dry pet food and dry pet treats. Some fed their pets raw meat or raw animal product diets because they believed these diets to be beneficial to the pet's overall health. Many owners (78%) were unaware of pet food recalls or outbreaks associated with foodborne pathogens. Less than 25% considered dry pet foods and treats as a potential source of foodborne pathogens. Pet owners were more concerned when seeing news about pets becoming ill from pet food and less concerned when seeing news about people becoming ill from pet food. The findings of this study indicated the need for consumer education about handling pet food. These results can help researchers develop more accurate risk assessment models and consumer education messages related to pet food handling. HIGHLIGHTS
6
BULOCHOVA, VERONIKA, and ELLEN W. EVANS. "Exploring Food Safety Perceptions and Self-Reported Practices of Pet Owners Providing Raw Meat–Based Diets to Pets." Journal of Food Protection 84, no. 5 (January 11, 2021): 912–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-338.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The growing popularity of raw meat–based diets for pets is accompanied by increasing concern regarding possible health implications of this practice for pet owners through the storage and preparation of raw meat. This study aimed to explore pet owners' knowledge and perceptions about the safety of raw meat–based feeding and to determine self-reported food safety practices during raw meat–based pet food preparation. An online questionnaire was distributed via social media platforms and completed by pet owners practicing raw meat–based feeding (n = 174). Almost all participants (95%) reported confidence that their pets' raw meat–based food is safe. Two-thirds of respondents (67%) reported that they had researched food safety information regarding raw meat–based feeding, yet only 8% asked a veterinarian for food safety advice. Respondents were aware of pathogens that may be present in raw meat–based diets and of food safety practices; however, they did not report consistent implementation of appropriate food safety practices. Malpractices, such as rinsing of raw meat (27%) and absence of segregation of utensils and kitchen surfaces (52%), were reported. The risk to pet owners of foodborne illness associated with raw meat–based feeding was perceived to be low by 89% of pet owners. Participants perceived low susceptibility to foodborne illness but high self-efficacy, which may be an indication of optimistic bias. This study has identified a need to increase pet owners' awareness of the possible risks to human health associated with raw meat–based feeding of animals. The provision of comprehensive food safety information, intended to target the perceptions of pet owners identified in this study, is needed to improve pet owners' food safety practices and thus to reduce the potential food safety risks associated with raw meat preparation and storage in the domestic environment. HIGHLIGHTS
7
MA, JING, BARBARA A. ALMANZA, LI GE, EUNSOL HER, YIRAN LIU, AMY LANDO, FANFAN WU, and LINDA VERRILL. "Pet Ownership and Pet Type Influence Food Safety in the Home: Evidence from a National Survey." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 1553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-057.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Physical contact between humans and their pets increases the potential for zoonotic disease transmission. This study used the 2016 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Safety Survey to compare the food handling behaviors of pet owners and non–pet owners, because poor food handling and hygiene habits can increase the likelihood of disease transmission from animals to humans. Results show that both pet ownership and pet type were important in predicting food safety behaviors. After controlling for sociodemographic factors included in this study (gender, age, household income, household size, and race or ethnicity), pet ownership was significantly associated with overall food safety practices and, more specifically, with better hand washing behaviors, kitchen cleaning, and ownership and use of a food thermometer, as well as a greater awareness of foodborne pathogens. Cat owners and cat-dog owners had better overall food safety practices and better hand washing behaviors compared with those of dog owners. After controlling for sociodemographic variables, there were no significant associations between pet ownership and perception of risks associated with unsafe food handling practices. HIGHLIGHTS
8
Schmidt, D. L., and C. K. Jones. "494 Food Safety Compliance Readiness of Kansas Pet Food Manufacturers." Journal of Animal Science 96, suppl_2 (April 2018): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.491.
Full text
9
Franz, Roland, and Frank Welle. "Contamination Levels in Recollected PET Bottles from Non-Food Applications and their Impact on the Safety of Recycled PET for Food Contact." Molecules 25, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 4998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214998.
Full textAbstract:
PET beverage bottles have been recycled and safely reprocessed into new food contact packaging applications for over two decades. During recollection of post-consumer PET beverage bottles, PET containers from non-food products are inevitably co-collected and thereby enter the PET recycling feed stream. To explore the impact of this mixing on the safety-in-use of recycled PET (rPET) bottles, we determined the concentrations of post-consumer substances in PET containers used for a range of non-food product applications taken from the market. Based on the chemical nature and amounts of these post-consumer substances, we evaluated their potential carry-over into beverages filled in rPET bottles starting from different fractions of non-food PET in the recollection systems and taking worst-case cleaning efficiencies of super-clean recycling processes into account. On the basis of the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) concept and Cramer classification tools, we present a risk assessment for potential exposure of the consumer to the identified contaminants as well as unidentified, potentially genotoxic substances in beverages. As a result, a fraction of 5% non-food PET in the recycling feed stream, which is very likely to occur in the usual recollection systems, does not pose any risk to the consumer. Our data show that fractions of up to 20%, which may sporadically be contained in certain, local recollection systems, would also not raise a safety concern.
10
TANAKA, Seiya. "Enforcement of “Pet Food Safety Law” in Japan." Journal of Veterinary Epidemiology 13, no. 1 (2009): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2743/jve.13.60.
Full text
11
Meeker, David L. "131 Rendering Effects on pet Food Ingredients." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.119.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Approximately 31 million tons of animal by-products are generated by livestock and poultry farming, meat processing, and retailing in the U.S. and Canada each year. Utilizing rather than discarding these resources prevents the release of large amounts of GHGs into the atmosphere. Renderers reclaim the carbon from these by-products and transform them into 6.3 million tons of refined animal fats and 8.9 million tons of rendered protein meals for use as animal food ingredients annually. In 2019, 1.5 million tons of rendered protein meals and 289 thousand tons of animal fats were used in pet food, and another 1.83 million tons of fresh and frozen meat and poultry by-products and organ meats were used in pet food without first being rendered. Rendering cookers break down tissues so that fats can be pressed out of muscle, bone, and connective tissues. Rendered products are safe from biological hazards as cooking is done at higher temperatures for longer times than necessary for food safety. The Prioritization of food safety in both rendering and pet food industries in recent years have delayed emphasis on some quality factors. Many citations in literature document that excessive heat damages proteins and decreases their quality and digestibility. Research is planned to provide guidance to renderers on cooking procedures that would meet the needs for processing and food safety without sacrificing quality and digestibility. Other factors that impact the availability and usability of rendered products include parts available for rendering after fresh parts are selected for pet food, upstream human food safety interventions, time and temperature conditions between slaughter and rendering, cooling, drying, storage, transport, and the use of antioxidants, antimicrobials, and other processing aids. Opportunities exist to modernize plants and processes to provide high quality ingredients. Renderers have invested with the pet food sector to collaborate on strategies to improve safety, quality, and sustainability of pet food ingredients.
12
Kazimierska, Katarzyna, Wioletta Biel, Robert Witkowicz, Jolanta Karakulska, and Xymena Stachurska. "Evaluation of nutritional value and microbiological safety in commercial dog food." Veterinary Research Communications 45, no. 2-3 (April 26, 2021): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11259-021-09791-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn addition to properly balancing nutritional value in accordance with the needs of a dog, estimating the microbiological quality of dog food is crucial in providing healthy and safe foods. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of dry food for adult dogs, with particular reference to: (1) evaluating the nutritional value and compliance with nutritional guidelines for dogs, (2) comparing the nutritional value of dog foods, with particular emphasis on the division into cereal and cereal-free foods, and (3) evaluating their microbiological safety. All thirty-six evaluated dry dog foods met the minimum European Pet Food Industry FEDIAF requirement for total protein and fat content. The total aerobic microbial count in the analyzed dry dog foods ranged from 2.7 × 102 to above 3.0 × 107 cfu/g. In five (14%) dog foods the presence of staphylococci was detected; however, coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS) was not found. Mold presence was reported in one cereal-free dog food and in six cereal foods. In none of the analyzed foods Enterobacteriaceae were found, including coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Bacteria of the genus Listeria and Clostridium as well as yeasts were also not detected. In conclusion, the evaluated dry dog foods had varied microbiological quality. The detected number of microorganisms may have some implications for long-term consumption of contaminated food. The lack of European Commission standards regarding the permissible amounts of microorganisms in pet food may result in insufficient quality control of these products.
13
Leiva, Molina, Redondo-Solano, Artavia, Rojas-Bogantes, and Granados-Chinchilla. "Pet Food Quality Assurance and Safety and Quality Assurance Survey within the Costa Rican Pet Food Industry." Animals 9, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9110980.
Full textAbstract:
Costa Rican animal feed production is continually growing, with approximately 1,238,243 metric tons produced in 2018. Production-wise, pet cat and dog food are in fifth place (about 41,635 metric tons per year) amongst animal feeds, and it supplies up to 90% of the national market. Pet food production has increased as a response to the increase in the population of dogs and cats in Costa Rica, where 50.5% of households own at least one dog and indicates more responsible ownership in terms of feeding pets. Part of the process of making dry pet food involves a thermal process called extrusion, which is capable of eliminating the microbial load. However, extrusion can compromise nutritional quality to some extent by denaturing proteins, oxidizing lipids, and reducing digestibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and safety of dry pet food and to assess the effect of the extrusion process on digestibility and the quality of proteins, amino acids, and fatty acids. Pet food samples were collected before and after extrusion and were used to evaluate Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), based on Central American Technical Regulation (RTCA 65.05.63:11). In general terms, weaknesses in infrastructure, documentary evidence, and post-process practices were observed in two Costa Rican feed manufactories. Feed safety was surveyed through the analysis of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria spp., Staphylococcus aureus, aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, fungi, and yeasts counts. The extrusion process effectively reduced pathogenic microorganisms, and showed no effect on the digestibility of dog food (p = 0.347), however, it could reduce the availability of some nutrients (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids). Furthermore, a retrospective diagnosis was made for puppy food (n = 68), dog food (n = 158), and cat food (n = 25), to evaluate the history of nutritional quality and safety. Finally, it can be confirmed that the correct implementation of GMP allows feed manufacturers to deliver a product of optimum texture, smell, nutritional composition, and safety.
14
Laflamme, Dorothy. "Introduction: Controversies in Small Animal Nutrition: Pet Food Safety." Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 23, no. 3 (August 2008): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2008.04.001.
Full text
15
Kosenko, Yu M., L. E. Zaruma, O. S. Vezdenko, and O. S. Shkilnyk. "PET FOOD ON THE MARKET OF UKRAINE." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-2.07.
Full textAbstract:
Domestic and foreign production pet food has been subject to state authorization in Ukraine for 20 years. Each prescription of the finished product provided authorization, so the process of their manufacturing and turnover met the requirements of national legislation, which ensured their rational use. The new Law of Ukraine “On Feed Safety and Hygiene” adopted in 2017 brought Ukrainian legislation closer to the norms in force in the EU Member States. However, this Law introduced a new system of authorization of feed additives, but not the finished feed. Requirements for feed production are supervised by a number of regulations, which include the requirements of the European Federation of Food Manufacturers (FEDIAF) for animals and the ISO 22 000 standard, which ensures hygiene, quality, and safety of use.
The manuscript illustrates the analysis of the authorized pet food in Ukraine during 2015- 2019, which is necessary for the further development of the domestic market of these products.
The prime purpose of this study was the quantitative and qualitative analysis of feed for non- productive animals with the determination of their percentages in the list of the authorized, which differ in types, production forms, animal species for which they are intended. Regulatory stipulations for pet food include mandatory requirements for determining their species, categories, and quantities of feed additives, feed materials, and labeling.
The presented characteristics of available pet food on the Ukrainian market during 2015-2019 showed that the broad majority of feeds, 91%, were imported. The compound pet food dominated the study list, and dietary pet food accounted for only 6% of the total range. Pet food is dry and wet or semi-moist. The results of the study revealed the share of dry and wet feeds, and the specifics of their production forms identified. The most common in the list of analyzed pet food was dry, intended for all types of non-productive animals. Wet pet food occupies a slightly smaller share, mainly used for dogs and cats. Dry pet food in the form of pellets and wet pet food in the form of meat or fish pieces were the main groups of food for dogs and cats.
This study showed that imported pet food products for non-productive animals dominated in the Ukrainian market, but a tendency to introduce domestic pet food by increasing production by leading national companies present.
16
Galvão, Julia Arantes, Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi, Luiz Carlos Teixeira Souza Junior, Jean Fernandes Joaquim, Marianna Vaz Rodrigues, Eduardo Delbon Baldini, and José Paes de Almeida Nogueira Pinto. "Quality and Safety of Pet Treats: Assessment of the Microbial Safety and Quality of Pet Treats." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 39, no. 6 (September 3, 2014): 1201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.12336.
Full text
17
Kępińska-Pacelik, Jagoda, and Wioletta Biel. "Microbiological Hazards in Dry Dog Chews and Feeds." Animals 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030631.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, dogs are usually equally treated with other family members. Due to the growing caregivers’ awareness, the pet foods industry is changing dynamically. Pet foods are manufactured with a myriad of ingredients. Few authors of scientific papers deal with the topic of foods products’ safety for pet animals, assessed from the perspective of their caregivers. Despite the many methods of producing foods of the highest quality, there are still cases of contamination of pet foods and treats. In the case of dried chews for dogs, bacteria of the genus Salmonella are the most common risk. In the case of both dry and wet foods, in addition to many species of bacteria, we often deal with mold fungi and their metabolites, mycotoxins. This article presents selected microbiological risks in dog foods and treats, and analyzes the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) system (2017–2020) for pathogenic microorganisms in dried dog chews, treats and foods. In this period, pet food-related notifications were registered, which were categorized into different types. Analyzing the RASFF notifications over the period, it has been shown that there are still cases of bacterial contamination of dog foods and treats, while in terms of the overall mycotoxin content, these products may appear safe.
18
Marín-Morocho, Karina, Sandra Domenek, and Rómulo Salazar. "Identification of Potential Migrants in Polyethylene Terephthalate Samples of Ecuadorian Market." Polymers 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2021): 3769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213769.
Full textAbstract:
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the plastic packaging material most widely used to produce bottles intended for contact with food and beverages. However, PET is not inert, and therefore, some chemical compounds present in PET could migrate to food or beverages in contact, leading to safety issues. To evaluate the safety of PET samples, the identification of potential migrants is required. In this work, eight PET samples obtained from the Ecuadorian market at different phases of processing were studied using a well-known methodology based on a solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and overall migration test. Several chemical compounds were identified and categorized as lubricants (carboxylic acids with chain length of C12 to C18), plasticizers (triethyl phosphate, diethyl phthalate), thermal degradation products (p-xylene, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid), antioxidant degradation products (from Irgafos 168 and Irganox), and recycling indicator compounds (limonene, benzophenone, alkanes, and aldehydes). Additionally, overall migration experiments were performed in PET bottles, resulting in values lower than the overall migration limit (10 mg/dm2); however, the presence of some compounds identified in the samples could be related to contamination during manufacturing or to the use of recycled PET-contaminated flakes. In this context, the results obtained in this study could be of great significance to the safety evaluation of PET samples in Ecuador and would allow analyzing the PET recycling processes and avoiding contamination by PET flakes from nonfood containers.
19
Becker, Lillian C., Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, Ronald A. Hill, Curtis D. Klaassen, Daniel C. Liebler, James G. Marks, et al. "Safety Assessment of Modified Terephthalate Polymers as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 33, no. 3_suppl (September 2014): 36S—47S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581814537001.
Full textAbstract:
The safety of 6 modified terephthalate polymers as cosmetic ingredients was assessed. These ingredients mostly function as exfoliants, bulking agents, hair fixatives, and viscosity-increasing agents—nonaqueous. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used in leave-on products up to 100% and in rinse-off products up to 2%. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) considered that the PET used in cosmetics is chemically equivalent to that used in medical devices. The Panel determined that the Food and Drug Administration’s determination of safety of PET in several medical devices, which included human and animal safety data, can be used as the basis for the determination of safety of PET and related polymers used in cosmetics. Use studies of cosmetic eye products that contain PET demonstrated no ocular irritation or dermal sensitization. The Panel concluded that modified terephthalate polymers were safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
20
Scheffler, Jason M., and Chad Carr. "Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) Preventive Controls for Animal Food." EDIS 2016, no. 9 (November 9, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-an330-2016.
Full textAbstract:
The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) was signed into law in January of 2011 and is considered the most sweeping reform of food safety regulations in 70 years. The human food regulations were composed first and, with significant input from industry, academia, and consumer groups as well as other agencies, were then modified to better suit animal food production. In Florida, these new regulations apply to facilities that manufacture, process, pack, or hold food or food ingredients for animals. These facilities may include pet food manufacturers, renderers, ethanol distillers, feed mills, distributors, and others. The primary goal of these regulations is to ensure safe food for the animals, people who handle the feed, and people who consume the final animal products. This 3-page fact sheet discusses requirements, facilities that will most likely be expected to be in compliance, deadlines, development of a food safety plan, and preventive controls for qualified individuals. Written by Jason M. Scheffler and Chad Carr, and published by the UF Department of Animal Sciences, December 2016. AN330/AN330: The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) Preventive Controls for Animal Food (ufl.edu)
21
Welle, Frank. "Safety Evaluation of Polyethylene Terephthalate Chemical Recycling Processes." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 20, 2021): 12854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212854.
Full textAbstract:
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the main packaging materials for beverage bottles. Even if this polymer is good to recycle, mechanical recycling processes need a well-sorted input fraction. For less-sorted PET packaging, or even non-food input sources, chemical recycling seems to be a solution to increase PET recycling. For post-consumer recyclates in packaging applications, it is essential that the safety of the recyclates is guaranteed, and the consumers’ health protected. For mechanical recycling processes, evaluation criteria are already established. For chemical recycling processes, however, such evaluation criteria are only roughly available. This study evaluated the safety of the chemical recycling process similar to the approach of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). However, due to the lack of information about the contamination level of the input materials for the chemical recycling process, the evaluation was adapted. In addition, the evaluation should be performed separately for the depolymerisation and for the repolymerisation steps. However, due to the high cleaning efficiencies of both steps, the evaluation can focus on the repolymerisation. This simplifies the assessment of the chemical recycling processes considerably.
22
Horváth, Tibor, Tamás József Szabó, and Kálmán Marossy. "Polylactic Acid as a Potential Alternatives of Traditional Plastic Packagings in Food Industry." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 5, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2020.2.16.
Full textAbstract:
Huge quantity of synthetic polymers is used as packaging materials in different fields of food industries. A significant part of these polymers applied as a primary, direct food contact construction. The scoped application area is the sweet industry. In this field Polystyrol (PS), Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have used but during the last fifteen years the usage of PET has been grown. In one hand the price of this material is efficient, form other hand the PET is the one of the most safe (for food industrial applications) petrol chemical plastic that can be used as primary or secondary food contact packaging material. To maximize the customer safety and minimize the environmental impact of traditional PET, a new bio-sourced and bio-degradable alternative polymer aimed to be used in this special food industrial segment. One of the potential alternatives is the Polylactic acid (PLA) that would be a possible substitute as it is compostable and produced from renewable sources and has good physical and mechanical properties [1].
23
BALACHANDRAN, PRIYA, MARIA FRIBERG, V. VANLANDINGHAM, K. KOZAK, AMANDA MANOLIS, MAXIM BREVNOV, ERIN CROWLEY, et al. "Rapid Detection of Salmonella in Pet Food: Design and Evaluation of Integrated Methods Based on Real-Time PCR Detection." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-210.
Full textAbstract:
Reducing the risk of Salmonella contamination in pet food is critical for both companion animals and humans, and its importance is reflected by the substantial increase in the demand for pathogen testing. Accurate and rapid detection of foodborne pathogens improves food safety, protects the public health, and benefits food producers by assuring product quality while facilitating product release in a timely manner. Traditional culture-based methods for Salmonella screening are laborious and can take 5 to 7 days to obtain definitive results. In this study, we developed two methods for the detection of low levels of Salmonella in pet food using real-time PCR: (i) detection of Salmonella in 25 g of dried pet food in less than 14 h with an automated magnetic bead–based nucleic acid extraction method and (ii) detection of Salmonella in 375 g of composite dry pet food matrix in less than 24 h with a manual centrifugation-based nucleic acid preparation method. Both methods included a preclarification step using a novel protocol that removes food matrix–associated debris and PCR inhibitors and improves the sensitivity of detection. Validation studies revealed no significant differences between the two real-time PCR methods and the standard U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual (chapter 5) culture confirmation method.
24
Mozola, Mark A., Xuan Peng, Michael Wendorf, S. Alles, L. Artiga, T. Buchholz, A. Camacho, et al. "Evaluation of the GeneQuence® DNA Hybridization Method in Conjunction with 24-Hour Enrichment Protocols for Detection of Salmonella spp. in Select Foods: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 90, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 738–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.3.738.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A multilaboratory study was conducted to compare performance of the GeneQuence® DNA hybridization (DNAH) method incorporating new 24 h enrichment protocols and reference culture procedures for detection of Salmonella spp. in select foods. Six food types (raw ground turkey, raw ground beef, dried whole egg, milk chocolate, walnuts, and dry pet food) were tested by the DNAH method and by the culture methods of either the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) or the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA/BAM). Fifteen laboratories participated in the study. Four of the foods tested (raw ground turkey, dried whole egg, milk chocolate, and dry pet food), showed no statistically significant differences in performance between the DNAH method and the reference procedure as determined by Chi square analysis. Sensitivity rates for the DNAH method ranged from 92 to 100. The DNAH method, with the specific enrichment protocol evaluated, was found to be ineffective for detection of Salmonella spp. in walnuts. For raw ground beef, results from one trial showed a statistically significant difference in performance, with more positives obtained by the reference method. However, evidence suggests that the difference in the number of positives was likely due to lack of homogeneity of the test samples rather than to DNAH method performance.
25
Meeker, D. L., and J. L. Meisinger. "COMPANION ANIMALS SYMPOSIUM: Rendered ingredients significantly influence sustainability, quality, and safety of pet food." Journal of Animal Science 93, no. 3 (2015): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8524.
Full text
26
PRAT, ALBERT, and XAVIER TORT. "CASE STUDY: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN A PET FOOD MANUFACTURING COMPANY." Quality Engineering 3, no. 1 (January 1990): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08982119008918838.
Full text
27
Gong, Jixian, Tongtong Kong, Yuqiang Li, Qiujin Li, Zheng Li, and Jianfei Zhang. "Biodegradation of Microplastic Derived from Poly(ethylene terephthalate) with Bacterial Whole-Cell Biocatalysts." Polymers 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121326.
Full textAbstract:
At present, the pollution of microplastic directly threatens ecology, food safety and even human health. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most common of microplastics. In this study, the micro-size PET particles were employed as analog of microplastic. The engineered strain, which can growth with PET as sole carbon source, was used as biocatalyst for biodegradation of PET particles. A combinatorial processing based on whole-cell biocatalysts was constructed for biodegradation of PET. Compared with enzymes, the products can be used by strain growth and do not accumulated in culture solution. Thus, feedback inhibition of products can be avoided. When PET was treated with the alkaline strain under high pH conditions, the product concentration was higher and the size of PET particles decreased dramatically than that of the biocatalyst under neutral conditions. This shows that the method of combined processing of alkali and organisms is more efficient for biodegradation of PET. The novel approach of combinatorial processing of PET based on whole-cell biocatalysis provides an attractive avenue for the biodegradation of micplastics.
28
Girard, Lauren, Kithsiri Herath, Hernando Escobar, Renate Reimschuessel, Olgica Ceric, and Hiranthi Jayasuriya. "Development of UHPLC/Q-TOF Analysis Method to Screen Glycerin for Direct Detection of Process Contaminants 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol Esters (3-MCPDEs) and Glycidyl Esters (GEs)." Molecules 26, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 2449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092449.
Full textAbstract:
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA′s) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) has been investigating reports of pets becoming ill after consuming jerky pet treats since 2007. Renal failure accounted for 30% of reported cases. Jerky pet treats contain glycerin, which can be made from vegetable oil or as a byproduct of biodiesel production. Glycidyl esters (GEs) and 3-monochloropropanediol esters (3-MCPDEs) are food contaminants that can form in glycerin during the refining process. 3-MCPDEs and GEs pose food safety concerns, as they can release free 3-MCPD and glycidol in vivo. Evidence from studies in animals shows that 3-MCPDEs are potential toxins with kidneys as their main target. As renal failure accounted for 30% of reported pet illnesses after the consumption of jerky pet treats containing glycerin, there is a need to develop a screening method to detect 3-MCPDEs and GEs in glycerin. We describe the development of an ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight (UHPLC/Q-TOF) method for screening glycerin for MCPDEs and GEs. Glycerin was extracted and directly analyzed without a solid-phase extraction procedure. An exact mass database, developed in-house, of MCPDEs and GEs formed with common fatty acids was used in the screening.
29
Lindhardt, Charlotte, Holger Schönenbrücher, Jörg Slaghuis, Andreas Bubert, Rolf Ossmer, Benjamin Junge, Kornelia Berghof-Jäger, and Thomas Hammack. "foodproof Salmonella Detection Kit." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 1876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.6.1876.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The foodproof Salmonella Detection Kit was previously validated in the Performance Tested MethodsSM program for the detection of Salmonella species in a variety of foods, including milk powder, egg powder, coconut, cocoa powder, chicken breast, minced meat, sliced sausage, sausage, smoked fish, pasta, white pepper, cumin, dough, wet pet food, dry pet food, ice cream, watermelon, sliced cabbage, food dye, and milk chocolate. The method was shown to be equivalent to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service's Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook reference culture procedures. In the first Emergency Response Validation (ERV) extension study, peanut butter was inoculated with S. enterica. ser Typhimurium. For the low inoculation level (1.08 CFU/25 g), a Chi-square value of 2.25 indicated that there was no significant performance difference between the foodproof Salmonella Detection Kit and the FDA-BAM reference method. For high-level inoculation (11.5 CFU/25 g) and uninoculated control, there was 100 agreement between the methods. In the second ERV extension study, peanut butter was inoculated with S. enterica. ser Typhimurium. For both inoculation levels (0.1 and 0.5 CFU/25 g by most probable number), Chi-square values of 0 indicated that there was no significant performance difference between foodproof Salmonella Detection Kit and the FDA-BAM reference method.
30
Schreier, Verena N., Alex Odermatt, and Frank Welle. "Migration Modeling as a Valuable Tool for Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Polyethylene Terephthalate Oligomers." Molecules 28, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010173.
Full textAbstract:
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely used food contact materials due to its excellent mechanical properties and recyclability. Migration of substances from PET and assessment of compliance are usually determined by experimental testing, which can be challenging depending on the migrants of interest. Low concentrations and missing reference standards, among other factors, have led to inadequate investigation of the migration potential of PET oligomers. Migration modeling can overcome such limitations and is therefore a suitable starting point for exposure and risk assessment. In this study, the activation energy-based (EA) model and the AP model were used to systematically evaluate the migration potential of 52 PET oligomers for 12 different application scenarios. Modeling parameters and conditions were evaluated to investigate their impact and relevance on the assessment of realistic exposures. Obtained results were compared with safety thresholds known from the concept of toxicological thresholds of concern. This allowed the evaluation and identification of oligomers and/or applications where migration or exposure levels may be associated with a potential risk because they exceed these safety thresholds. Overall, this study demonstrated that migration modeling can be a high-throughput, fast, flexible, and suitable approach for comprehensive exposure assessment.
31
Lemos Junior, Wilson José Fernandes, Luana Pereira do Amaral dos Reis, Vanessa Sales de Oliveira, Léo Oliveira Lopes, and Karen Signori Pereira. "Reuse of refillable PET packaging: Approaches to safety and quality in soft drink processing." Food Control 100 (June 2019): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.02.008.
Full text
32
Başaran, Burhan, and Süleyman Çakır. "Evaluation of food safety and halal criteria in supplier selection: an application in food sector with fuzzy COPRAS method." International Food Research Journal 28, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 576–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.28.3.17.
Full textAbstract:
Supplier selection is among the crucial processes for any food industry operation. An incorrect choice when selecting a supplier will pose significant hazards in terms of food safety, and can cause substantial harm to virtually any operation of the enterprise. However, the number of studies focusing on this issue is rather limited, and the supplier selection procedure to serve as a source of reference for food producers has not been developed yet. The present work thus aimed to facilitate the use of food safety and halal criteria in supplier selection processes, and to help food producers in making choices by using the COPRAS-F method. The present work was carried out at an enterprise engaged in dairy products, analysed the processes involving four suppliers providing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging, and evaluated 12 criteria to guide the choice of supplier. The present work is one of the first attempts for supplier selection in food industry based on the COPRAS-F method. Results suggested that the COPRAS-F method could offer a practical method for not just supplier selection processes, but any multi-criteria decision-making problem a company might face.
33
Thiex, Nancy, Robert Smallidge, and Robert Beine. "Sources of Error in Vitamin A Analysis." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 6 (November 1, 1996): 1269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.6.1269.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Potential sources of error in analysis of vitamin A in animal feed and pet food are discussed. Errors arising during sample handling and preparation and those due to standards, calibration, sample size, hydrolysis, extraction, evaporation, detection, equipment calibration, and isomerization are addressed. Quality control practices are recommended, and safety considerations are outlined. A summary of systematic and random errors is provided.
34
Soong, Ya-Hue Valerie, Margaret J. Sobkowicz, and Dongming Xie. "Recent Advances in Biological Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Wastes." Bioengineering 9, no. 3 (February 27, 2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9030098.
Full textAbstract:
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most commonly used polyester plastics worldwide but is extremely difficult to be hydrolyzed in a natural environment. PET plastic is an inexpensive, lightweight, and durable material, which can readily be molded into an assortment of products that are used in a broad range of applications. Most PET is used for single-use packaging materials, such as disposable consumer items and packaging. Although PET plastics are a valuable resource in many aspects, the proliferation of plastic products in the last several decades have resulted in a negative environmental footprint. The long-term risk of released PET waste in the environment poses a serious threat to ecosystems, food safety, and even human health in modern society. Recycling is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce these impacts. Current clean-up strategies have attempted to alleviate the adverse impacts of PET pollution but are unable to compete with the increasing quantities of PET waste exposed to the environment. In this review paper, current PET recycling methods to improve life cycle and waste management are discussed, which can be further implemented to reduce plastics pollution and its impacts on health and environment. Compared with conventional mechanical and chemical recycling processes, the biotechnological recycling of PET involves enzymatic degradation of the waste PET and the followed bioconversion of degraded PET monomers into value-added chemicals. This approach creates a circular PET economy by recycling waste PET or upcycling it into more valuable products with minimal environmental footprint.
35
Oven, Alice, Barbara Yoxon, and Josh Milburn. "Investigating the market for cultivated meat as pet food: A survey analysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 30, 2022): e0275009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275009.
Full textAbstract:
The number of people reducing their meat consumption due to ethical and environmental concerns is growing. However, meat reducers sometimes care for omnivorous or carnivorous pets, creating the ‘vegetarian’s dilemma’. Some meat-reducers opt to feed plant-based diets to companion animals, but others express reservations. Cultivated meat offers a possible third path, but consumer perceptions of cultivated meat as pet food have received little scholarly attention. Using survey data from 729 respondents, we analyzed consumers’ willingness to feed cultivated meat to companion animals, particularly with reference to their own current dietary practices, and their own willingness to eat cultivated meat. Though not all our respondents willing to eat cultivated meat were willing to feed it to their companions, a large majority were (81.4%, 193/237). However, for those unwilling to eat cultivated meat, the story was more complicated. Vegans and vegetarians were less likely to say they would eat cultivated meat (16.4%, 39/238) than meat-eating respondents (40.3%, 198/491). However, among vegans and vegetarians who would not consume cultivated meat, the majority (55.9%, 86/154) indicated that they would still feed it to their pets. Among meat-eating respondents, only a small minority (9.6%, 11/114) unwilling to eat cultivated meat would feed it to their pets. Consequently, we suggest that the potential market for cultivated meat for pet food is markedly different from the potential market for cultivated meat from human consumption. A key concern among our respondents about feeding cultivated meat to pets was a worry that it was not healthy, indicating that there may be easy gains in cultivated pet food’s uptake through messaging relating to safety and nutritional completeness.
36
Aboagye, Isaac A., Marcos R. C. Cordeiro, Tim A. McAllister, and Kim H. Ominski. "Productivity-Enhancing Technologies. Can Consumer Choices Affect the Environmental Footprint of Beef?" Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 4283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084283.
Full textAbstract:
Use of productivity-enhancing technologies (PET: growth hormones, ionophores, and beta-adrenergic agonists) to improve productivity has recently garnered public attention regarding environmentally sustainability, animal welfare, and human health. These consumer perceptions and increased demand for PET-free beef offer opportunities for the beef industry to target niche premium markets, domestically and internationally. However, there is a need to critically examine the trade-offs and benefits of beef raised with and without the use of PETs. This review contains a summary of the current literature regarding PET products available. The implications of their use on resource utilization, food safety and security, as well as animal health and welfare are discussed. Furthermore, we identified gaps in knowledge and future research questions related to the sustainability of these technologies in beef production systems. This work highlights the tradeoffs between environmental sustainability of beef and supplying the dietary needs of a growing population.
37
Macri, Adrian Maximilian, Ioana Pop, Daniel Simeanu, Diana Toma, Ion Sandu, Liliana Lacramioara Pavel, and Olimpia Smaranda Mintas. "The Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Nuts and Dry Nuts Packed in Four Different Plastic Packaging from the Romanian Market." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010061.
Full textAbstract:
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by various fungi. A very important category of mycotoxins are aflatoxins, considered to be the most dangerous in humans. Aflatoxin B1, well known as a favorable factor in the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans, is the most controversial of all mycotoxins. Aflatoxins, found in naturally contaminated food, are resistant to degradation by heat. Current food processing practices and conventional storage conditions do not completely eliminate aflatoxin contamination from the food supply chain. Long storage food products—such as peanuts, pistachio, nuts in general, and dried fruits—are susceptible to aflatoxins contamination. The type of plastic material can influence the concentration of aflatoxins during storage due to the permeability to gas and moisture exchange with the external milieu. Nuts in general and dried fruits are consumed in large quantities worldwide. Therefore, herein we investigated the effect of plastic material on the total aflatoxins and aflatoxin B1 content in 64 samples of nuts and dried fruits packed and stored in low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The method consisted in a cleanup procedure using immunoaffinity columns coupled with RIDASCREEN FAST immunoenzymatic competitive assays based on the ELISA technique. Collected data were subjected to statistical analysis and multiple comparisons tests were applied. From the total analyzed samples, 14.06% exceeded the maximum admitted European levels for total aflatoxins. The highest concentrations of total aflatoxins were obtained from samples packed in LDPE, followed by PP, PE, and PET. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in all samples packed in LDPE, PP, and PE. Most of the samples packed in PET had concentrations <1 µg/kg. These results indicate that nuts in general packed and stored in LDPE are more prone to contamination with aflatoxins, while PET is more suitable for maintaining the quality and safety of these products.
38
Lin, Ling, Shao-Wen Yao, and Huigai Li. "Silver ion release from Ag/PET hollow fibers: Mathematical model and its application to food packing." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502093544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020935448.
Full textAbstract:
A food packing system requires an antimicrobial environment with high air permeability to guarantee absolutely both food safety and long and reliable durability. A hollow fiber membrane containing silver ions is the best candidate for this purpose. However, a safe and controllable release process has become a pressing issue in the practical application. Here, we use the predator–prey model to predict the antimicrobial activity of silver ions released from a hollow fiber, and Staphylococcus aureus was applied to the antibacterial experiment. Both theoretical and experimental results show that there are an optimal concentration of the silver ions and an optimal release time. This article sheds a bright light on the design of a new kind of food packing systems using the hollow fiber membrane.
39
Teixeira, E. M. K., M. S. Frehse, R. L. Freire, M. A. Ono, J. G. Bordini, M. T. Hirozawa, and E. Y. S. Ono. "Safety of low and high cost dry feed intended for dogs in Brazil concerning fumonisins, zearalenone and aflatoxins." World Mycotoxin Journal 10, no. 3 (September 7, 2017): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2016.2166.
Full textAbstract:
The Brazilian pet sector exportation has been growing at an impressive rate lately. Considering the intense globalisation, pet food may be commercialised worldwide and the issue concerning safety of dry dog feed has become a topic of widespread international interest. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety of low and high cost dry feed and the degree of exposure of dogs to mycotoxins through naturally contaminated feed in Brazil. In addition, the safe pet dietary level (SPDL) was calculated. Fumonisins, zearalenone (ZEA) and aflatoxins were analysed in three feed types intended for dogs (n=87), provided by pet owners. Mean fumonisin levels were 272 µg/kg (Standard), 78.2 µg/kg (Premium), and 186 µg/kg (Super Premium) while ZEA mean levels were 52.6 µg/kg (Standard), 10.6 µg/kg (Premium) and 17.5 µg/kg (Super Premium). Mean total aflatoxin levels (aflatoxin B1 + B2 + G1 + G2) in Standard, Premium and Super Premium feed were 1.29 µg/kg, 0.49 µg/kg and 0.53 µg/kg, respectively. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values for fumonisin B1 were 1.41 (Standard), 1.60 (Premium) and 0.93 µg/kg body weight (BW)/day (Super Premium feed), whereas for ZEA they were 0.54 (Standard), 0.37 (Premium) and 0.42 µg/kg BW/day (Super Premium feed). SPDL for fumonisins and ZEA was 2,000 and 375 µg/kg feed, respectively. EDI values for aflatoxin B1 were 13.0 (Standard), 14.0 (Premium) and 11.0 ng/kg BW/day (Super Premium feed). Although the feed samples intended for dogs in Brazil were often contaminated with aflatoxins, fumonisins and ZEA, the estimated daily intake values were low, even for the low cost formulations. However, it cannot be excluded that some of the feed samples could have a negative effect on animal health and performance considering feeding a monodiet of commercial feed, low multi-mycotoxin contamination levels and interactions between mycotoxins.
40
Agrillo, Bruna, Marco Balestrieri, Marta Gogliettino, Gianna Palmieri, Rosalba Moretta, Yolande Proroga, Ilaria Rea, et al. "Functionalized Polymeric Materials with Bio-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides for “Active” Packaging." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (January 30, 2019): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030601.
Full textAbstract:
Food packaging is not only a simple protective barrier, but a real “active” component, which is expected to preserve food quality, safety and shelf-life. Therefore, the materials used for packaging production should show peculiar features and properties. Specifically, antimicrobial packaging has recently gained great attention with respect to both social and economic impacts. In this paper, the results obtained by using a polymer material functionalized by a small synthetic peptide as “active” packaging are reported. The surface of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), one of the most commonly used plastic materials in food packaging, was plasma-activated and covalently bio-conjugated to a bactenecin-derivative peptide named 1018K6, previously characterized in terms of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. The immobilization of the peptide occurred at a high yield and no release was observed under different environmental conditions. Moreover, preliminary data clearly demonstrated that the “active” packaging was able to significantly reduce the total bacterial count together with yeast and mold spoilage in food-dairy products. Finally, the functionalized-PET polymer showed stronger efficiency in inhibiting biofilm growth, using a Listeria monocytogenes strain isolated from food products. The use of these “active” materials would greatly decrease the risk of pathogen development and increase the shelf-life in the food industry, showing a real potential against a panel of microorganisms upon exposure to fresh and stored products, high chemical stability and re-use possibility.
41
Barthélémy, E., D. Spyropoulos, M. R. Milana, K. Pfaff, N. Gontard, E. Lampi, and L. Castle. "Safety evaluation of mechanical recycling processes used to produce polyethylene terephthalate (PET) intended for food contact applications." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 31, no. 3 (February 14, 2014): 490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2013.871755.
Full text
42
Alles, Susan, Xuan Peng, Michael Wendorf, and Mark Mozola. "Precollaborative Study of the GeneQuence® Salmonella Assay Using 24-Hour Enrichment Protocols for Detection of Salmonella spp. in Select Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 90, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 725–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.3.725.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract New enrichment protocols are described for use with a DNA hybridization (DNAH) method for detection of Salmonella spp. in select foods. GeneQuence® Salmonella, in its original version, utilized a 3-stage enrichment of minimum 42 h duration. New 2-stage procedures of 2428 h duration are described for raw poultry, raw beef, pasteurized egg products, milk chocolate, and dry pet food. In the validation study described here, a total of 345 samples were tested by the abbreviated DNAH method in parallel with either the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA/BAM) or U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) reference culture procedures. Results showed an overall sensitivity for the DNAH method of 97.1% (false-negative rate 2.9%). There were no false-positive results by the DNAH method; therefore the specificity was 100%. Overall agreement between the DNAH and reference culture methods was 98.5%. There were no significant differences in performance between the DNAH and reference methods for any of the foods tested as determined by Chi-square analysis. It is recommended that the DNAH method be subjected to AOAC collaborative study.
43
de Mello, Julia Eisenhardt, Diogo La Rosa Novo, Gilberto Silva Coelho Junior, Priscila Tessmer Scaglioni, and Marcia Foster Mesko. "A Green Analytical Method for the Multielemental Determination of Halogens and Sulfur in Pet Food." Food Analytical Methods 13, no. 1 (June 8, 2019): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01549-w.
Full text
44
TAORMINA, PETER J. "Survival Rate of Salmonella on Cooked Pig Ear Pet Treats at Refrigerated and Ambient Temperature Storage." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-305.
Full textAbstract:
Pet treats, including pig ears, have been implicated as vehicles of human salmonellosis, and Salmonella has been isolated on commercially produced pig ears. Therefore, behavior of the pathogen on this very low water activity (aw) pet treat is of interest. The survival of Salmonella serotypes Newport and Typhimurium DT104 was measured on natural (aw 0.256) and smoked (aw 0.306) pig ear pet treat products inoculated at ca. 6.5 log CFU per sample and stored at 4.4 or 22°C for 365 days. Surviving populations of Salmonella were enumerated periodically, and a modified Weibull model was used to fit the inactivation curves for log populations. After 14 days, the decline of Salmonella was significantly (P < 0.05) greater at 22°C than at 4.4°C. By 365 days of storage at 4.4°C, Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 declined by 2.19 log on smoked pig ears and 1.14 log on natural pig ears, while Salmonella Newport declined by 4.20 log on smoked pig ears and 2.08 log on natural pig ears. Populations of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 on refrigerated natural pig ears rebounded between day 152 (3.21 log CFU per sample) and day 175 (4.79 log CFU per sample) and rose gradually for the duration of the study to 5.28 log CFU per sample. The model fits for survival rate of Salmonella on pig ears at 4.4°C show a rapid initial decline followed by a long tailing effect. Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 on natural pig ears at 4.4°C had the slowest rate of reduction. At 22°C Salmonella declined nonlinearly by >4.5 log for each combination of serotype and pig ear type at 22°C but remained detectable by enrichment. The model parameter for days to first decimal reduction of Salmonella on pig ears was two to three times higher at 4.4°C compared with 22°C, demonstrating that Salmonella slowly declines on very low aw refrigerated pet treats and more rapidly at room temperature. This information may be useful for pet treat safety assessments.
45
LIN, S., F. HSIEH, H. HEYMANN, and H. E. HUFF. "EFFECTS OF LIPIDS AND PROCESSING CONDITIONS ON THE SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTRUDED DRY PET FOOD." Journal of Food Quality 21, no. 4 (July 1998): 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1998.tb00522.x.
Full text
46
Popa, Maria, Ioana Glevitzky, and Adina Sârb. "Improvement of the technological process of carbonated spring water by implementing the quality and food safety management standards." MATEC Web of Conferences 290 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929002004.
Full textAbstract:
Bottled spring water must be health providing, clean, without microorganisms, parasites or substances. The design, manufacturing and management of processes, related to spring water bottling involves controlling the safety issues that may arise in the production processes. These aspects are not sufficient to prevent hazards and they must be related to the implementation of a quality and food safety systems. The aim of the paper is to improve the technological process of carbonated spring water in Monopolis S.A Company, by implementing the quality and food safety management standards. The methodology is based on the implementation requirements of the HACCP principles, included in ISO 22000 standard. On the other hand, the results of the work highlight the safety parameters of ”Roua Apusenilor” carbonated spring water: physico – chemical, purity and microbiological. A HACCP generic model was developed for this company. In this case study, the hazard analysis and risk assessment was implemented with the identification of the critical control points, which includes filtration and impregnation of carbon dioxide. At the same time, the loss of carbon dioxide content in PET bottles of 2 and 2.5 litres during the shelf life period was observed and a statistical analysis of the resulting experimental data was performed. There is a significant decrease of carbon dioxide content in the two packaging volumes of about 3.2 and 4.6 g/l at the end of the best before period.
47
BARBER, DAVID A., GAY Y. MILLER, and PAUL E. McNAMARA. "Models of Antimicrobial Resistance and Foodborne Illness: Examining Assumptions and Practical Applications." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 700–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.4.700.
Full textAbstract:
Antimicrobial resistance is an issue of increasing global concern. Several investigators have suggested that antibiotic use in food-producing animals is a major contributor to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms causing illness in humans (F. J. Angulo, K. R. Johnson, R. V. Tauxe, and M. L. Cohen, Microb. Drug Res. 6:77–83, 2000; P. D. Fey, T. J. Safranek, M. E. Rupp, E. F. Dunne, R. Efrain, P. C. Iwen, P. A. Bradford, F. J. Angulo, and S. H. Hinrichs, N. Engl. J. Med. 342:1242–1249, 2000; S. A. McEwen and P. J. Fedorka-Cray, Commun. Infect. Dis. 34(Suppl. 3):S93–S106, 2002; D. L. Smith, A. D. Harris, J. A. Johnson, E. K. Silbergeld, and J. G. Morris, Jr., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:6434–6439, 2002; D. G. White, S. Zhao, R. Sudler, S. Ayers, S. Friedman, S. Chen, P. F. McDermott, D. D. Wagner, and J. Meng, N. Engl. J. Med. 345:1147–1154, 2001; W. Witte, Science 279:996, 1998). In this paper, we discuss this and other assumptions relevant to a quantitative risk assessment model for salmonellosis in humans. We also discuss other important aspects of modeling food safety and food-associated antimicrobial resistance risk to humans. We suggest that the role of food-producing animals in the origin and transmission of antimicrobial resistance and “foodborne” pathogens has been overestimated and overemphasized in the scientific literature; consequently, nonfoodborne transmission, including pet-associated human cases, has been underemphasized. Much evidence exists for the potential contribution to infectious disease that may be of human or pet origin (that may contact humans through food but not be of a food origin). Risk analyses that do not acknowledge the potential for these sources of cross-contamination will understate the contribution that origin has in the realm of foodborne and food-associated diseases (e.g., Salmonella) and the resulting uncertainty levels in the food system, thus leading to biased inferences. We emphasize the importance of evaluating both the foodborne and nonfoodborne transmission risk for salmonellosis and outline the basics of an analytical modeling approach in food safety with examples to illustrate strengths and limitations in the modeling. Examples illustrate, on a simplistic level, how varying assumptions and other inputs can influence the output of food-associated quantitative risk models.
48
Akhidime, I. Devine, Anthony J. Slate, Anca Hulme, and Kathryn A. Whitehead. "The Influence of Surface Topography and Wettability on Escherichia coli Removal from Polymeric Materials in the Presence of a Blood Conditioning Film." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 7368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207368.
Full textAbstract:
The reduction of biofouling and the reduction of cross-contamination in the food industry are important aspects of safety management systems. Polymeric surfaces are used extensively throughout the food production industry and therefore ensuring that effective cleaning regimes are conducted is vital. Throughout this study, the influence of the surface characteristics of three different polymeric surfaces, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on the removal of Escherichia coli using a wipe clean method utilising 3% sodium hypochlorite was determined. The PTFE surfaces were the roughest and demonstrated the least wettable surface (118.8°), followed by the PMMA (75.2°) and PET surfaces (53.9°). Following cleaning with a 3% sodium hypochlorite solution, bacteria were completely removed from the PTFE surfaces, whilst the PMMA and PET surfaces still had high numbers of bacteria recovered (1.2 × 107 CFU/mL and 6.3 × 107 CFU/mL, respectively). When bacterial suspensions were applied to the surfaces in the presence of a blood conditioning film, cleaning with sodium hypochlorite demonstrated that no bacteria were recovered from the PMMA surface. However, on both the PTFE and PET surfaces, bacteria were recovered at lower concentrations (2.0 × 102 CFU/mL and 1.3 × 103 CFU/mL, respectively). ATP bioluminescence results demonstrated significantly different ATP concentrations on the surfaces when soiled (PTFE: 132 relative light units (RLU), PMMA: 80 RLU and PET: 99 RLU). Following cleaning, both in the presence and absence of a blood conditioning film, all the surfaces were considered clean, producing ATP concentrations in the range of 0–2 RLU. The results generated in this study demonstrated that the presence of a blood conditioning film significantly altered the removal of bacteria from the polymeric surfaces following a standard cleaning regime. Conditioning films which represent the environment where the surface is intended to be used should be a vital part of the test regime to ensure an effective disinfection process.
49
Heath, Sebastian E., and Max Champion. "Human Health Concerns from Pet Ownership After a Tornado." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 11, no. 1 (March 1996): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00042382.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIntroduction:Although 50% to 60% of North American households own pets and many of these pets are considered family members, there is little information on the impact pet ownership on pet-owning families affected by disasters.Methods:This case report describes some of the effects of a tornado on 17 families whose dwellings were destroyed. The setting was a typical urban trailer park.Results:After a tornado at the Sagamore Village Trailer Park in north central Indiana, 104 families were evacuated. Seventeen (16.3%) of these families owned pets. For 14 families (13.5%), pet ownership had an important impact on the families' recovery from the tornado. Public- and mental-health concerns that arose from pet ownership included failure to evacuate a dangerous site, attempts to re-enter a dangerous site, separation anxiety leading to psychosomatic disturbances, and the need for additional animal care.Conclusions:In urban disasters, the behaviors of families with a human-animal bond are likely to pose a significant risk to their own and others' health and safety in urban disasters. In this small study of families affected by a tornado, the most prominent public-health concerns were failure to evacuate because of a pet and attempts of re-entry to save a pet; the most common mental-health concerns resulted from separation anxiety from a pet and refusal to accept medical treatment until a pet's well-being can be assured. These are thought to be typical issues that will arise out of the human-animal bond in urban disaster situations and differ considerably from traditional public-health concerns over dog bites, spread of zoonotic diseases, and human food contamination. Medical disaster preparedness planning should consider the substantial effects that the human-animal bond is likely to have on human recovery from large-scale urban disasters.
50
Meineri, Giorgia, Alessia Candellone, Sonia Tassone, Pier Giorgio Peiretti, Erica Longato, Daniele Pattono, Natalia Russo, Elena Pagani, and Liviana Prola. "Effects of “fresh mechanically deboned meat” inclusion on nutritional value, palatability, shelf-life microbiological risk and digestibility in dry dog food." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): e0250351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250351.
Full textAbstract:
Fresh mechanically deboned meat (MDM) is usually claimed as high-quality ingredient on dry pet food recipes and this aspect may positively influence consumer choice. It is important to determine the scientifically sustainability of this claim and to assess the microbiological safety of MDM inclusion in dry pet food. Objectives were: 1) to evaluate the effect of inclusion of MDM in dry dog food on fatty acid profile and in vivo and in vitro digestibility, proposing a new system (DaisyII Incubator) to measure the in vitro digestibility for dogs; 2) to compare palatability of dry dog food containing MDM with dry dog food in which meat by-products (MBP) are the only animal protein sources; 3) to determine, whether or not, the inclusion of that ingredient changes the microbiology and the storage quality. Results indicated that MDM product was characterized by significant higher nutritional value in terms of fatty acids profile, in vitro digestibility (HV-IVD method) and lower palatability than the MBP product. Microbiological risk assessment showed no microbiological hazards for either product. After 6-months storage, the total mesophilic bacterial count ranged between 1.77 and 2.09 log CFU/g feed, while polyamine values were higher in the MDM (0.37 g/kg) than in the MBP (0.27 g/kg). The DaisyII Incubator was found to be a valid instrument for studying in vitro digestibility also for dogs, providing data simply, quickly, with less variability and costs than in vivo trials. In conclusion, MDM inclusion in dry dog food is microbiologically safe and it can improve its nutritional quality, at the expense of a reduced palatability. The higher polyamine levels fount in MDM-enriched petfood after 6-months storage, however, may represent a possible hazard, and further studies are still warranted.