Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pests'
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1
Krivokapa, Dina. "Pests in Malmö, a study of pest management structures in an urban environment." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22345.
Abstract:
This research is a study of pest management systems in Malmö. Malmö is, as many other cities, growing and a node of people's movement. Occurrences of pests have increased in the last decade; this increase is attributed to travel as well as construction and building.What this paper shows is that the structures of pest management must evolve to be more communicative and collaborative. The thesis also adds to the housing crisis debate, as pests in one’s housing have a physical as well as psychological effect.
2
Gouge, Dawn, Tom Green, Marc Lame, Mark Shour, Janet Hurley, Lynn Braband, Sherry Glick, Fudd Graham, and Kathy Murray. "Integrated Pest Management: The Most Effective Way to Manage Pests in Your School!" College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146705.
3
Paulson, Matthew David. "Seasonal dispersal of pests." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529837.
4
Triantafillou, Peter. "Governing pests, pesticides and farmers in Malaysian agriculture : a genealogy of modern pest control /." Roskilde : Institute of Geography and Development Studies, Roskilde University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1800/456.
5
Ramasodi, Robert Mooketsa. "Pest risk analysis on hand luggage at OR Tambo International Airport a case study of flights from Cameroon, India and Kenya /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02112009-104221.
6
Terry, Alan J. "Control of pests and diseases." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505965.
7
Schirocki, Anke Gabriele. "The effect of temperature on invasion and pathogencity of entomopathogenic nematodes (nematoda: Rhabditida) to larvae of Galleria mellonella and Otiorhynchus sulcatus." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308061.
8
Lemessa, Debissa. "Pests and pest controlling organisms across tropical agroecological landscapes in relation to forest and tree-cover." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-102849.
Abstract:
A major challenge in agroecosystems is how to manage the systems so that it reduces crop pests and enhances natural pest control. This thesis investigates patterns of crop pests and top-down effects of birds and arthropod predators in relation to land-use composition across spatial scales. In paper (I) I examined the crop distribution and land-use types in relation to the crop raiding patterns in 15 transectsin sites close to and far from forests along with a questionnaire survey at household level. I found severe crop raiding close to forests, but it had no impact on crop composition growing between the two sites. In paper (II) I examined the effect of forest and tree cover, at local and landscape scales, on the abundance of arthropod predators by collecting specimens from 40 home gardens. My result showed higher abundance of arthropod predators when either the home garden or the surroundings had a high tree-cover, compared to when tree-cover at both scales was similarly either high or low. In paper (III) I investigated the effect of excluding birds and arthropod predators on leaf damage on rape seed in 26 home gardens. I found stronger top-down impacts from arthropod predators on crop pests in tree-poor gardens than in tree-rich gardens. There was no effect of birds. In paper (IV) I explored the effect of landscape complexity on bird and arthropod predation using plasticine caterpillars in 36 home gardens across landscapes. The rate of arthropod predation on caterpillars was higher in simple than in complex landscapes. The rate of bird predation did not vary between complex and simple landscapes. In simple landscapes, arthropod predation was higher than that of birds. The overall results suggest that simplified gardens/landscapes still have enough habitat heterogeneity to support arthropod predators for the significant top-down controlling effect on crop pests. However, I did not find clear effect of complexityon the top-down effect of birds.At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript; Paper 3: Manuscript; Paper 4: Manuscript
9
Cameron, Emilie C. "Fruit Fly Pests of Northwestern Australia." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1711.
Abstract:
Doctor of Philosophy(PhD),Until recently, Northwestern Australia was thought to be relatively free of serious fruit fly pests. Although a noxious strain, present in Darwin since 1985, was widely believed to be an infestation of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, from the East coast, the fruit flies present outside this area were believed to be the benign endemic species, B. aquilonis. However, during the year 2000, infestations of fruit flies were discovered on major commercial crops in both Western Australia and the Northern Territory. It was not known whether these outbreaks were due to an invasion of the major pest species, Bactrocera tryoni, a change in the behaviour of B. aquilonis, or a hybridisation event between the two species. Finding the source of these outbreaks has been complicated by the fact that, since B. tryoni and B. aquilonis are virtually indistinguishable morphologically, it was not known which species are present in the region. Traditionally any tryoni complex fly caught in the Northwest was called B. aquilonis based solely on location. In order to get a good population profile of the region, an extensive trapping program was set up to include flies from urban areas, commercial crops and natural areas where the benign strain is thought to remain. Tests of genetic differentiation and clustering analyses revealed a high degree of homogeneity in the Northwest samples, suggesting that just one species is present in the region. The Northwest samples were genetically differentiated from the Queensland samples but only to a small degree (FST =0.0153). MtDNA sequencing results also showed a small degree of differentiation between these regions. A morphological study of wing shape indicated that there are some minor identifiable morphological differences between East coast and Northwest laboratory reared flies. This difference was greater than that seen between B. jarvisi populations across the same geographic range. The results suggest that the flies caught in the Northwest are a separate population of B. tryoni. Soon after pest flies were discovered in Darwin, a population became established in Alice Springs. This population had a low genetic diversity compared with Queensland and Darwin populations, and showed evidence of being heavily founded. In 2000, an outbreak was discovered in the nearby town of Ti Tree. Due to the geographic and genetic similarity of these populations, Alice Springs was determined to be the source of the Ti Tree outbreak. To investigate the founding of these populations, a program was developed to estimate the propagule size. Using a simulation method seven different statistics were tested for estimating the propagule size of an outbreak population. For outbreaks originating from populations with high genetic diversity, the number of alleles was a good estimator of propagule size. When, however, the genetic diversity of the source population was already reduced, allele frequency measures, particularly the likelihood of obtaining the outbreak population from the source population, gave more accurate estimates. Applying this information to the Alice Springs samples, it was estimated that just five flies were needed to found the major population in and around Alice Springs. For Ti Tree, the propagule size was estimated to be 27 flies (minimum 10). In 2000, a much larger outbreak occurred in the developing horticultural region of Kununurra in northern Western Australia. An important question for the management of the problem is whether there is an established fly population or the flies are reinvading each year. This population was found to have a large amount of gene flow from the Northern Territory. Within the Kununurra samples, one group of flies was genetically differentiated from all the other samples. This group came from a small geographic area on the periphery of Kununurra and appeared to be the result of an invasion into this area at the time when the population was building up following the dry season. A further threat to the Northwest horticultural regions comes from B. jarvisi. A recent increase in the host range of this species has lead to speculation that it may become a greater pest in Northwestern Australia. At the present time, protocols for the population monitoring and disinfestation of this species are not in place. Here it is shown that B. jarvisi eggs are more heat tolerant than B. tryoni eggs and that monitoring of B. jarvisi populations is possible using cue lure traps placed according to fruiting time and location of their favoured host, Planchonia careya.
10
Melander, Margareta. "Transgenic resistance to pathogens and pests /." Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a496.pdf.
11
Stacey, David Andrew. "Insect pests in a changing climate." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271618.
12
Garcia, André Filipe Fidalgo Casquilho. "Enhancing biological control against Eucalyptus pests." Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21212.
13
Cameron, Emilie C. "Fruit Fly Pests of Northwestern Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1711.
Abstract:
Until recently, Northwestern Australia was thought to be relatively free of serious fruit fly pests. Although a noxious strain, present in Darwin since 1985, was widely believed to be an infestation of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, from the East coast, the fruit flies present outside this area were believed to be the benign endemic species, B. aquilonis. However, during the year 2000, infestations of fruit flies were discovered on major commercial crops in both Western Australia and the Northern Territory. It was not known whether these outbreaks were due to an invasion of the major pest species, Bactrocera tryoni, a change in the behaviour of B. aquilonis, or a hybridisation event between the two species. Finding the source of these outbreaks has been complicated by the fact that, since B. tryoni and B. aquilonis are virtually indistinguishable morphologically, it was not known which species are present in the region. Traditionally any tryoni complex fly caught in the Northwest was called B. aquilonis based solely on location. In order to get a good population profile of the region, an extensive trapping program was set up to include flies from urban areas, commercial crops and natural areas where the benign strain is thought to remain. Tests of genetic differentiation and clustering analyses revealed a high degree of homogeneity in the Northwest samples, suggesting that just one species is present in the region. The Northwest samples were genetically differentiated from the Queensland samples but only to a small degree (FST =0.0153). MtDNA sequencing results also showed a small degree of differentiation between these regions. A morphological study of wing shape indicated that there are some minor identifiable morphological differences between East coast and Northwest laboratory reared flies. This difference was greater than that seen between B. jarvisi populations across the same geographic range. The results suggest that the flies caught in the Northwest are a separate population of B. tryoni. Soon after pest flies were discovered in Darwin, a population became established in Alice Springs. This population had a low genetic diversity compared with Queensland and Darwin populations, and showed evidence of being heavily founded. In 2000, an outbreak was discovered in the nearby town of Ti Tree. Due to the geographic and genetic similarity of these populations, Alice Springs was determined to be the source of the Ti Tree outbreak. To investigate the founding of these populations, a program was developed to estimate the propagule size. Using a simulation method seven different statistics were tested for estimating the propagule size of an outbreak population. For outbreaks originating from populations with high genetic diversity, the number of alleles was a good estimator of propagule size. When, however, the genetic diversity of the source population was already reduced, allele frequency measures, particularly the likelihood of obtaining the outbreak population from the source population, gave more accurate estimates. Applying this information to the Alice Springs samples, it was estimated that just five flies were needed to found the major population in and around Alice Springs. For Ti Tree, the propagule size was estimated to be 27 flies (minimum 10). In 2000, a much larger outbreak occurred in the developing horticultural region of Kununurra in northern Western Australia. An important question for the management of the problem is whether there is an established fly population or the flies are reinvading each year. This population was found to have a large amount of gene flow from the Northern Territory. Within the Kununurra samples, one group of flies was genetically differentiated from all the other samples. This group came from a small geographic area on the periphery of Kununurra and appeared to be the result of an invasion into this area at the time when the population was building up following the dry season. A further threat to the Northwest horticultural regions comes from B. jarvisi. A recent increase in the host range of this species has lead to speculation that it may become a greater pest in Northwestern Australia. At the present time, protocols for the population monitoring and disinfestation of this species are not in place. Here it is shown that B. jarvisi eggs are more heat tolerant than B. tryoni eggs and that monitoring of B. jarvisi populations is possible using cue lure traps placed according to fruiting time and location of their favoured host, Planchonia careya.
14
Prosdocimi, E. M. "GUT-BACTERIA SYMBIOSIS IN INSECT PESTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/252503.
Abstract:
Insects are one of the most fascinating taxa on Earth: their diversity, diffusion, colonization of different niches are unparalleled in the animal kingdom. Besides, they have a remarkable impact on human life: they are parasites for people, animals and crops, vectors of diseases, pollinators, and even breeding animals (e.g. honeybees, silkworms). This extraordinary evolutionary success and diversification is partially due to the symbiotic relationships that insects have with a wide range of bacteria. These symbionts can be divided into primary, secondary symbionts and gut bacteria. Primary symbionts are found in very specialized cells (the bacteriocytes), strictly maternally transmitted and not cultivable. They are essential for their host, and vice-versa: they can actually be considered part of a single organism called “holobiont”. Secondary symbionts are not necessary for the host survival, although often beneficial, and they can inhabit various organs and tissues. In this category fall also reproductive parasites, as Wolbachia, which spreads in the population by maternal transmission, manipulating the reproduction of the host to favour the birth of infected daughters. Finally, gut bacteria are a more vague category, comprising organisms that live in the insect intestine because they are ingested with the diet, but also symbionts that establish a close relationship with the host, being essential for its survival and development. The roles of all these microorganisms are, to different extents, important for the insect physiology. Primary symbionts are generally essential to complement unbalanced diets and secondary ones contribute to the host fitness, while reproduction parasites deeply affect the reproduction mode of their hosts. Even commensals have been demonstrated to influence the development, mating choice and immune responses in Drosophila flies. For these reasons, the understanding of the biology of an insect can not do without the characterisation of its microbiota.
In the second chapter of my PhD thesis, a review on the microbial ecology techniques applied to the study of insect microbial communities gives an overview on the methods that can be applied to this purpose. On one hand, molecular analyses based on the 16S gene sequencing, such as 16S rRNA barcoding (pyrotag) and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) are the most powerful methods to get a complete picture of the microbial community composition and structure. Microscopic localisation of symbionts can be also achieved by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation. On the other hand, the isolation of bacteria allows to deeply characterize the cultivable fraction, verifying through direct in vitro tests the activities of the strains. Taking advantage of a strain collection isolated from the target insect, the symbiotic relationship can be investigated through in vivo experiments. The more common ones involve i) the labeling of the strains with fluorescent proteins and the recolonization of the insects, to evaluate their localisation and colonisation ability, ii) the assessment of the detrimental effects of symbionts deprivation on the hosts, and iii) the comparison of insects monoassociated with different strains to check the effects on host fitness. To further analyse the interaction between bacteria and their hosts from a genetic point of view, advanced techniques, such as Signature Tagged Mutagenesis or In Vivo Expression Technology, can be performed. Many of these techniques have been applied in the case studies here presented, in which the microbial communities associated to three insect pests have been characterised.
In the third chapter is presented a study on the spotted-wing fly Drosophila suzukii. Unlike its relative D. melanogaster, which feeds on rotten fruit, this fly feeds and lays eggs on healthy fruits. The most damaged crops are members of the Drupaceae family (e.g. cherries) and berries (strawberries, raspberries, blueberries). The bacterial community associated to this pest have been characterised with a focus on acetic acid bacteria (AAB), important symbionts of many sugar-feeding insects. According to our findings, D. suzukii harbours a diverse community of AAB, detected both in the isolate collection and in culture-independent screenings (pyrotag, DGGE). They are primarily localised in the gut, attached to the peritrophic matrix, as showed by FISH micrographs. The ability of three AAB species (Gluconobacter oxydans, Acetobacter tropicalis and Acetobacter indonesiensis) to colonise the gut has been proved by recolonization experiments of the insect using GFP-marked strains.
In the fourth chapter, the bacterial community of the wood-feeding beetle Rhynchophorus ferrugineus has been analysed. Commonly named Red Palm Weevil (RPW), this insect is an important pest for palm trees. The plants are damaged mainly by the larvae, which dig tunnels in the trunks until pupation. Bacteria associated to the red palm weevil have been studied primarily by molecular means (pyrotag). Our results outline that the bacteria hosted by R. ferrugineus are mainly acquired from the environment while feeding. Indeed, a sharp difference has been registered between field-caught and bred specimens. While field caught RPW harbour more bacterial taxa which are in common with their feeding plants, the animals fed on apple in the laboratory show a higher prevalence of lactic acid and acetic acid bacteria, which presumably grow on the rotten fruit. The latter result is further confirmed by the bacterial isolations performed on apple-fed specimens. Besides, the DNA sequence of a primary symbiont, Candidatus Nardonella, has been detected. This bacterium has been shown to inhabit a wide range of insects of the same family of the RPW, Curculionidae.
The fifth chapter is about the gut bacterial community of Psacothea hilaris hilaris. Native of Japan and east China, this longicorn beetle (family: Cerambicidae) arrived in Italy as a consequence of the wood trade, and settled as a stable population in a small area in Como province. Its larvae dig tunnels in the trunks of the trees of the Moraceae family, while the adults feed on leaves. The most damaged by its feeding habits are mulberry and fig trees. This beetle hosts a variegate gut microbiota, that, as shown by DGGE, greatly changes according to the diet and to the gut tract examined. The cultivable fraction of this microbiota has been tested for several activities that proved the capability of the community as a whole to exploit the food sources in the insect gut (primarily, sugars from plant cell walls) and to assist their host in carbon and nitrogen absorption. Thus, even if acquired from the environment, these bacteria seem to be adapted to a symbiotic lifestyle.
From the comparison among these three studies, some conclusions can be drawn. All three case studies outline the importance of the diet in shaping the insect microbial community. In detail, wild insects always show higher diversity and individual variability in their associated microbiota. Reared insects appear, on the contrary, dominated by the species that can rapidly grow on laboratory diets, such as Lactobacillales and Enterobacteriales. Secondly, these studies depict a more accurate image of the commensal bacteria, which are not merely acquired by chance through feeding, but are capable to actively colonize insect guts, and to efficiently exploit this niche to multiply and spread in the environment. Finally, the research data point out that the origin and the function of many of the organisms detected in insects are yet poorly understood. For this reason, these studies can be considered a basis to for future research, aimed to a more in-depth understanding of the roles of these bacteria and their interactions with the hosts.
15
Connolly, Trevor Allan. "The Potential for Re-Invasion by Mammalian Pests at Maungatautari Ecological Island." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2394.
Abstract:
Mammalian pests are excluded from Maungatautari Ecological Island by an XcluderTM pest-proof fence. Inevitably, the fence integrity will be compromised at some point by mechanisms such as treefall and flood-scour: such events could lead to pest re-invasion. Knowledge of pest activity directly outside the reserve would assist reserve managers in developing optimal breach-response procedures. This thesis described baseline data on the presence, timing of activity and behaviour of mammalian pest animals found directly at the Maungatautari fence. Two seasonal video studies investigated the effects of season (summer and winter), exterior habitat (forest and pasture) and simulated breach type ('tree-fall' and 'flood scour') on the number of pest sightings. Significantly more sightings were recorded in summer (788) than in winter (428), particularly for rodents. Rabbits were sighted significantly more often at pasture sites, but habitat type did not significantly affect sightings of any other species; nor did breach type affect sightings of any species. Ship rats were commonly sighted within the fence hood gutter. Overall, rodent, possum and cat sightings were very high, and mustelid sightings extremely low, in both seasons. Over 95% of non-lagomorph sightings were nocturnal, and the greatest threat of invasion was found to come nocturnally, from mice, and in the summer. A probability model showed that although the cumulative probability of a mammalian pest encountering a fence breach increases dramatically after dark, in reality there is always a threat of encounter, and this is always increasing with time. Over the same two studies, the behaviour of pest mammals sighted was also described. Pests were found to show interest in and enter summer breaches more often than winter breaches (p lt 0.001). Simulated breaches were encountered by pests within the first 24 hours at a very high rate (95% summer, 92.5% winter), and most likely to enter a breach were rodents. Over 7 days, breaches were encountered and entered by increasing numbers of species and possibly by more individuals; all species were shown to be willing to enter. The threat of invasion by ship rats was probably underestimated because of their higher activity within the fence hood than at the fence base; mustelids may also offer a greater threat than the results suggest, because they almost always entered a breach. It was strongly recommended that when the fence integrity is compromised, physical response should be as quick as possible, especially at night. Future research was strongly encouraged, particularly to understand invasion behaviour of animals such as ship rats and stoats, and to describe pest behaviour at real breach events.
16
Perera, Mallawa Thanthrie Mudiyanselage D. Renuka. "Response of pests of brassicae and their parasitoids to synthetic and natural feeding deterrents." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287701.
Abstract:
Antifeedants and growth regulators have potential as alternatives to conventional methods of insect pest control. As with conventional chemicals it is important to consider their effects on natural enemies of the pests. The aim of this project was to determine whether the bitter-tasting synthetic chemical denatonium benzoate as an antifeedant and compare with neem derivatives. Other aims were to investigate their effect on parasitoids and the field infestation of cabbage pests. Denatonium benzoate is systemic and had no contact effect but acted as an antifeedant on a generalist sap feeder Myzus persicae and reduced the survival, fecundity, and lifespan. Neem derivatives, Azatin EC and Pestistat R were more effective of which Azatin EC was the most effective. Antifeedants further reduced the fecundity and survival when parasitized with its parasitoid, Aphidius matricariae and neem derivatives had adverse effects on both aphid and the parasitoid. Denatonium benzoate and Pestistat R with a specialist leaf feeder, Pieris brassicae and all antifeedants with Plutella xylostella (generalist leaf feeder) and Chrysodeixis eriosoma (specialist brassica leaf feeder) reduced the leaf area consumed and it was inversely proportional to the concentration. The highest leaf area consumption was in denatonium benzoate and the lowest in Pestistat R. Higher azadirachtin concentrations were detrimental but denatonium benzoate was safer to the larval parasitoid, Cotesia plutellae. Denatonium benzoate and Azatin EC reduced field infestation of M. persicae, P. xylostella and C. eriosoma in Peradeniya, Sri Lanka and Azatin EC was the most effective. Denatonium benzoate acts as an antifeedant against cabbage pests and safer towards parasitoids hence can be used in integrated pest management programmes. Neem derivatives are comparatively more effective on pests but harmful to parasitoids. Denatonium benzoate and Azatin EC effectively reduced the pest infestation under field conditions.
17
Begum, Mahmuda. "Habitat manipulation to enhance biological control of lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) /." Connect to full text, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/690.
18
George, Adrienne. "Cataloguing Diseases and Pests in Captive Corals." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3115.
Abstract:
Stony corals (Order Scleractinia) are susceptible to a variety of diseases, which can occur from abiotic or biotic factors, or a combination of both. Public aquaria provide opportunities to study coral disease. Because coral mucus is the first line of defense against disease, the Biolog EcoplateTM is a useful tool to detect differences in microbial assemblages in the surface mucopolysaccharide (mucus) layer when comparing healthy and diseased corals. Histological examination is essential to document structural changes in coral tissue in response to diseases. This study identifies and characterizes diseases in captive corals through visual recognition, characterization of carbon utilization by microbial assemblages in coral mucus samples, and histological examination. In March 2010, surveys were sent to public aquaria throughout the United States that house corals. If the survey was returned indicating that the aquarium had diseased coral specimens present, sample kits were sent to the aquarium to acquire photographs, mucus samples for microbial carbon utilization analysis, and tissue samples for histological examination. Eighteen aquaria participated in the survey and 25 sets of samples were provided. The gross lesions from diseased samples fit into six categories: discoloration associated with darkening of the tissue or with color loss (bleaching), growth anomalies, and tissue loss associated with pests, with brown jelly, or with no obvious cause. Seven categories of possible contributing factors were reported: addition of inadequately quarantined corals to the tank, damage during transport, change of location, manual stress, and variations in light, salinity, or temperature. Introduction of inadequately quarantined specimens was the most common possible contributing factor to pest introduction. Significant differences in carbon source utilization were found between tank-water samples and mucus from both healthy and diseased areas of sampled corals. Although mucus samples from healthy and diseased samples did not differ in carbon source utilization overall, D-mannitol was used by 52% of microbial assemblages from mucus from diseased areas compared with only 17% of microbial assemblages from healthy mucus samples. Histologically, the most commonly observed features across all samples were healthy zooxanthellae, endolithic organisms, and nematocysts, all of which are normal features that can be influenced by stress factors. Brown granular material and ciliates were found associated with some anomalies, primarily the three categories of tissue loss. The presence of dense aggregates of zooxanthellate-engorged ciliates in corals afflicted with brown jelly was highly similar to histological observations of brown band syndrome, previously described from natural coral reefs.
19
Jensen, Mari N. "Designer Toxins Kill Bt- Resistant Insect Pests." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622102.
20
Finn, Erin. "Developing integrated pest management (IPM) techniques for managing key insect pests of blueberries in the Southeastern United States." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0001370.
21
Ahmad, Mahmood. "Initial frequencies of alleles for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in field populations of Plutella xylostella and Helicoverpa armigera." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha2851.pdf.
Abstract:
Leaves 101-104 are misnumbered. Bibliography: leaves 155-215. In this study thirteen populations of P. xylostella from crucifer growing areas of Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia were surveyed for resistance to Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) toxins using a leaf-dip bioassay method.
22
Huggett, David Alan John. "Potential insect pests of the biomass crop Miscanthus." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7180.
23
Farr, Ian John. "Automated bioacoustic identification of statutory quarantined insect pests." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437593.
24
Umeda, Kai, and Gabriel Towers. "Evaluation of Insecticides for Efficacy on Turfgrass Pests." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216634.
Abstract:
No masked chafer larvae were observed for treatments of imidacloprid, imidacloprid plus bifenthrin, clothianidin, and the two higher rates of DPX-E2Y45. The inconsistent and low populations of masked chafer larvae and billbugs in the turfgrass did not provide for conclusive results. Clothianidin and the two higher rates of DPX-E2Y45 had no billbug larvae. An early rating date showed that more billbug adults were in turf treated with imidacloprid and DPX-E2Y45. Later rating dates showed a decline in adults for all treatments.
25
Asadi, Romisa. "Development of genetic control technology for Tephritid pests." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72611/.
Abstract:
The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae, is the single most important pest in olive plantations. Currently, control of olive fly relies on the heavy use of chemical pesticides. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a highly effective, species-specific and environmentally non-polluting method of pest control that involves the mass-release of sterilised insects. SIT is considered a potentially valuable method for the control of olive fly. Previous olive fly SIT attempts failed due to an inability to produce large numbers of flies, low egg production rates and lack of a method to separate the sexes. RIDL (Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal) is a biotechnology-based variant of SIT. This could potentially overcome several problems of classical SIT, including the radiation damage to insects. To develop fly male sterility, we have identified and tested several different germline specific promoters and several potential effector genes. These have been linked to the ‘tet-off’ expression system, which is suppressed by dietary tetracycline, and were initially tested in the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) for practicality. In the absence of tetracycline, tTAV binds to its target sequence, tetO, and activates expression of downstream genes. Flies carrying a promoter construct (topi-tTAV or β2-tubulin-tTAV) in medfly were crossed to flies carrying effector constructs (tetO-I-ppoI, tetO-3zincfinger or tetO-ProtamineFokI). A combination of β2-tubulin-tTAV and tetO-ProtamineFokI gave the best male sterility in medfly. A construct containing both elements was designed, and transposon-based germline transformation was used to generate and test ten olive fly strains. Progeny assessment off tetracycline indicates high penetrance of the male-sterile phenotype in all strains, with only 0.0-2.4% viable progeny; this sterile phenotype appears to be completely suppressed by provision of dietary tetracycline.
26
Barari, Hassan. "Ecology of the coleopteran stem-mining pests and their parasitoids in winter oilseed rape : implications for integrated pest management." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418962.
27
Fogain, Roger. "Study of resistance of Musa spp to nematodes (Radopholus similis and Pratylenchus goodeyi)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283759.
28
Solà, Cassi Mireia. "Approaches for the biological control of stored product pests." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461300.
Abstract:
Stored products include all postharvest agricultural foodstuffs that do not require
refrigeration and that can be preserved for several months under proper conditions as
cereal grain and other raw material or processed food.
Regrettably, in the Mediterranean region, the presence of insect pests such as the
internal feeders of grain: Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae),
Sitophilus spp. (S. granarius (L.), S. oryzae (L.) and S. zeamais (Motschulsky))
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera:
Gelechiidae) as well as the moth usually present in warehouses and grain mills, Ephestia
kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), induce important quantitative and
qualitative damage before consumption.
Among the integrated pest management strategies for the control of these
concerning stored product pests, biological control with the introduction of parasitoids as
natural enemies represents a good alternative to the use of pesticides. Unfortunately, for
the correct implementation and success of this sustainable approach, higher management
knowledge is required. For this reason, the aim of this thesis was to assess different
biological control approaches for the control of the most important stored product pests.
A major issue for the cereal industry is the early detection of insects during grain
storage and processing, especially when immature stages of the pests are hidden inside
the grain kernels, such as happens with the internal feeders. Then, the first two chapters
of this thesis are dedicated to the development of two Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
methodologies for internal feeder’s diagnosis. First, in chapter 1, a realtime PCR (qPCR)
protocol for the detection and quantification of R. dominica in rice as a model system to
quantify internal feeders in grain with a simple methodology is presented. On the other
side, in chapter 2, a multiplex PCR protocol for the simultaneous detection and
identification of the five most prevalent internal feeder pest species in different grains and
processed food is described and then, also tested with commercial samples.
For the effective use of natural enemies it is vital to understand and consider the
interactions among physical, chemical and biological factors that take place when the
grain is stored. For this reason, the third chapter of the thesis is focused on assessing the
effectiveness of the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera:
Pteromalidae) released in three different densities (10♀♀, 20♀♀ or 40♀♀ parasitoids) to
control high infestations of the weevils R. dominica and S. zeamais in two kilos of rice
under two risk temperatures (23ºC and 28ºC).
The last chapter of the thesis is devoted to the optimization of an economic and
easy to use device called Bankerbox for the control of the moth E. kuehniella by rearing
and progressively releasing the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Hüber) (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae). In this perfectionated Bankerbox version, to avoid the risk of contamination
of the stored products, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae was chosen as
host to rear the parasitoid. Then, three different treatments were tested, one with E.
kuehniella 4th instar larvae and two with G. mellonella: one containing 4th instar larvae
and the other with mixed larval stages (2nd and 4th instar larvae).
The research carried out in this thesis attends to increase the knowledge for the
proper use of integrated pest management strategies by providing feasible alternatives to
the use of pesticides in the stored product industry for the control stored product pests.
29
Sandskär, Boel. "Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and pests in organic orchards /." Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a378.pdf.
30
Taverner, Peter D. "Effects of postharvest oils on arthropod pests of citrus /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht233.pdf.
31
Williams, Elizabeth Catherine. "Entomopathogenic nematodes as control agents of statutory insect pests." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265978.
32
Back, Emma Jane. "Insecticidal fusion proteins for the control of Coleopteran pests." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3283/.
Abstract:
Fusion proteins containing a toxin fused to a carrier domain which directs transport across the insect gut epithelium have been shown to be effective orally active insecticides. Expression of functional recombinant fusion proteins comprising of snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) fused to toxins from Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus toxin; ButaIT) and Blue Mountains funnel-web spider (Hadronyche versuta toxins; ω-ACTX-Hv1a (ω-ACTX); κ-ACTX-Hv1c (κ-ACTX)) was carried out in both yeast (Pichia pastoris) and plant (Arabidopsis thaliana) expression systems. Addition of purification tags, altering the design of assembly of the fusion protein and point mutation of toxin sequence were all investigated to improve yield and reduce proteolytic cleavage during expression and purification. Recombinant proteins were assayed for oral toxicity against T. castaneum as a model coleopteran species. Fusion proteins incorporating ButaIT and ω-ACTX toxins showed toxicity ranging from complete mortality when fed at 1mg g-1 ((his)6-GNA-ω-ACTX and ω-ACTX-GNA-(his)6) to 65% mortality when fed at 2mg g-1 (ButaIT-GNA-(his)6). Fusion proteins incorporating κ-ACTX and GNA were shown to be non-toxic despite individual components being functional. Lack of toxicity was due to high proteolytic cleavage in the insect gut environment. Data was obtained to support the use of Tribolium as a model for wireworm (Agriotes spp.), serious pests of potatoes in the UK. Selected fusion proteins were expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis. Expression for ButaIT-GNA as a fusion polypeptide was readily detectable in transformants with estimated levels of expression of approx. 0.15% total soluble protein in leaf tissue. When plants expressing ButaIT-GNA fusion protein were fed to larvae of the tomato moth (Lacanobia oleracea) the fusion protein was shown to be fully functional with levels of toxicity comparable to that seen in previous artificial diet bioassays. ω-ACTX based constructs expressed in Arabidopsis were subject to high levels of proteolytic cleavage in planta and so were not assayed for toxicity.
33
Powell, Kevin Steven. "Antimetabolic effects of plant proteins on homopteran insect pests." Thesis, Durham University, 1993. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5757/.
Abstract:
Homopteran insect pests can cause severe economical damage to crop plants by both direct physical means and as vectors of plant viral diseases. They are notoriously difficult insects to control by conventional methods, primarily due to their ability to evolve resistance-breaking biotypes within a relatively short time period. The production of genetically modified crop plants, expressing insecticidal genes, offers a novel method of control for a wide range of insect species. Once suitable gene products, such as plant- derived proteins, have been identified as having insecticidal effect against specific insects in vitro, their effect can be determined in vivo by expressing the relevant gene in transgenic plants. Insect feeding trials were carried out to determine the effects of incorporating a range of plant-derived proteins into artificial diets fed to planthopper, leafliopper and aphid pests and to aphids in planta. The lectins Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and the enzyme soybean lipoxygenase (LPO) were shown to exhibit significant antimetabolic effects towards first and third instar nymphs of rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) when incorporated into artificial diet at 0 1% {w/v}, 0-1% (w/v) and 0 08% {w/v} levels respectively. The lectin GNA was also shown to exhibit a significant antimetabolic effect towards third instar nymphs of the rice green leafhopper (Nephottetix cinciteps Uhler) and the peach potato aphid {Myzus persicae Sulzer). A number of inert proteins, lectins, protein inhibitors and enzymes also tested showed relatively little or no effect towards both insects. The mechanism of action of all three effective proteins was examined using BPH as a model insect. As judged by honeydew production, the proteins all had a deterrent effect on insect feeding. However, subsequent toxic effects are also indicated. When fed sub-optimal concentrations of effective proteins in combination no synergistic or additive effects were observed, indicating that pyramiding the genes of these effective proteins would be of no advantage in protecting the crop against BPH.
34
Aegerter, James Nicholas. "A three trophic level interaction : pines, pests and parasitoids." Thesis, University of York, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321676.
35
Don, Pedro K. N. "Insecticidal activity of plant oils against stored product pests." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38289.
36
Kelly, Jack, and Mary W. Olsen. "Problems and Pests of Agave, Aloe, Cactus and Yucca." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144789.
Abstract:
12 pp.plant disease bulletins; July 2006 original publishing date, rev. 10/08
Cacti, agaves and yuccas are classified as succulents, plants that have highly specialized anatomical features such as thick waxy cuticles, fleshy or minimal leaves, modified leaves (spines), and roots with extra storage capabilities for food and water. These modifications allow them to survive and thrive in harsh desert environments. They survive long periods of drought in areas of sparse rainfall and intense heat. During stressful periods, many succulents cease to grow, drop unnecessary leaves, dehydrate and become dormant until conditions for growth return. Despite their adaptations, succulents suffer from diseases, insect pests and cultural problems. Some of the more common problems that occur in cacti, agave and yuccas in Arizona are discussed in this bulletin.
37
Malek, Robert Nehme. "Novel Monitoring and Biological Control of Invasive Insect Pests." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/257781.
Abstract:
Invasive species are alien to the ecosystem under consideration and cause economic or environmental damage or harm to human health. Two alien insects that fit this description are the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys and the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula. Both invaders are polyphagous pests that feed on a myriad of plant species and inflict severe crop losses. As sustainable control methods depend on the accurate monitoring of species’ invasion and involve the use of natural enemies, we addressed these two facets by exploring novel monitoring techniques and deciphering host-parasitoid interactions for improved integrated pest management. Thus, we adopted ‘BugMap’, a citizen science initiative that enables students, farmers and everyday citizens to report sightings of H. halys from Italy, with emphasis on Trentino-Alto Adige. Aside from fostering citizen participation in scientific endeavors and the enhanced literacy that ensues, BugMap helped uncover the invasion dynamics of H. halys and forecast its potential distribution in Trentino, all while coordinating technical monitoring and informing management strategies. The most promising agent currently under study for the classical biological control of H. halys is the Asian egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus. To assess the wasp’s potential non-target impacts, we investigated its foraging behavior in response to chemical traces ‘footprints’ deposited by its main host H. halys and by a suboptimal predatory species, the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris. Wasps exhibited a ‘motivated searching’ when in contact with footprints originating from both species. However, T. japonicus arrestment was significantly stronger in response to H. halys footprints, compared with P. maculiventris, implying the presence of underlying chemical cues that shape its natural preferences. A series of GC-MS chemical analyses revealed that n-tridecane and (E)-2-decenal were more abundant in H. halys footprints and are probably the key components utilized by the wasp for short range host location. The function of the aforementioned compounds was studied, n-tridecane acted as an arrestant, prolonging T. japonicus residence time, whereas (E)-2-decenal fulfilled its presumed defensive role and repelled the wasp. These results shed new light on the chemical ecology of T. japonicus and help expand the understanding of parasitoid foraging and its implications for classical biological control. Moving to the other invader L. delicatula, an egg parasitoid Anastatus orientalis was reported attacking it at high rates in its native range in Eastern Asia and may play a key role in reducing its populations there. A series of bioassays revealed that wasps responded to footprints deposited by L. delicatula gravid females by initiating a strong searching behavior. Moreover, A. orientalis preferred to oviposit in egg masses with intact oothecae, suggesting that the host’s egg covering functions as a trigger for A. orientalis probing and oviposition. Thus, A. orientalis not only overcomes, but also reverses an important line of host structural defense for its own fitness gains. This dissertation discusses the benefits of combining citizen science with traditional monitoring, and the usefulness of decoding host-parasitoid interactions to design more efficacious management strategies of invasive insect pests.
38
Malek, Robert Nehme. "Novel Monitoring and Biological Control of Invasive Insect Pests." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/257781.
Abstract:
Invasive species are alien to the ecosystem under consideration and cause economic or environmental damage or harm to human health. Two alien insects that fit this description are the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys and the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula. Both invaders are polyphagous pests that feed on a myriad of plant species and inflict severe crop losses. As sustainable control methods depend on the accurate monitoring of species’ invasion and involve the use of natural enemies, we addressed these two facets by exploring novel monitoring techniques and deciphering host-parasitoid interactions for improved integrated pest management. Thus, we adopted ‘BugMap’, a citizen science initiative that enables students, farmers and everyday citizens to report sightings of H. halys from Italy, with emphasis on Trentino-Alto Adige. Aside from fostering citizen participation in scientific endeavors and the enhanced literacy that ensues, BugMap helped uncover the invasion dynamics of H. halys and forecast its potential distribution in Trentino, all while coordinating technical monitoring and informing management strategies. The most promising agent currently under study for the classical biological control of H. halys is the Asian egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus. To assess the wasp’s potential non-target impacts, we investigated its foraging behavior in response to chemical traces ‘footprints’ deposited by its main host H. halys and by a suboptimal predatory species, the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris. Wasps exhibited a ‘motivated searching’ when in contact with footprints originating from both species. However, T. japonicus arrestment was significantly stronger in response to H. halys footprints, compared with P. maculiventris, implying the presence of underlying chemical cues that shape its natural preferences. A series of GC-MS chemical analyses revealed that n-tridecane and (E)-2-decenal were more abundant in H. halys footprints and are probably the key components utilized by the wasp for short range host location. The function of the aforementioned compounds was studied, n-tridecane acted as an arrestant, prolonging T. japonicus residence time, whereas (E)-2-decenal fulfilled its presumed defensive role and repelled the wasp. These results shed new light on the chemical ecology of T. japonicus and help expand the understanding of parasitoid foraging and its implications for classical biological control. Moving to the other invader L. delicatula, an egg parasitoid Anastatus orientalis was reported attacking it at high rates in its native range in Eastern Asia and may play a key role in reducing its populations there. A series of bioassays revealed that wasps responded to footprints deposited by L. delicatula gravid females by initiating a strong searching behavior. Moreover, A. orientalis preferred to oviposit in egg masses with intact oothecae, suggesting that the host’s egg covering functions as a trigger for A. orientalis probing and oviposition. Thus, A. orientalis not only overcomes, but also reverses an important line of host structural defense for its own fitness gains. This dissertation discusses the benefits of combining citizen science with traditional monitoring, and the usefulness of decoding host-parasitoid interactions to design more efficacious management strategies of invasive insect pests.
39
De, Graaf Johan. "Integrated pest management of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar), in South Africa." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07102008-083542/.
40
Netshifhefhe, Shandukani Rudolf. "The compilation of indigenous knowledge regarding insect pests in small-scale farming communities in North Eastern South Africa." Pretoria: [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06302005-113354.
41
Parr, Martin J. "The oviposition behaviour of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius)." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320322.
Abstract:
Bruchid pests are of considerable economic importance, infesting legume seeds and pods in fields and stores, predominately in the semi-arid tropics. One of the foremost bruchid pests"Callosobruchus maculatus is a niche generalist in that it can infest seeds whilst within pods or when loose. It exhibits a much greater degree of polyphagy than its wild relatives, perhaps partly due to behavioural plasticity. As their larvae are restricted to a single seed, resources available for growth are directly related to egg distribution by the ovipositing female. Host selection is a complex process and involves host finding, recognition (which may occur before or after contact with the plant), and host acceptance which is manifested as contact inspection behaviour and culminates in oviposition. Numerous factors influence these processes including the nature of host chemistry and the presence of conspecific epideictic pheromones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors which modulate the tendency to oviposit and oviposition behaviour itself. 2 The oviposition behaviour of newly emerged beetles was recorded on several seeds that vary in their attractiveness as hosts. The behavioural repertoire and the stereotypical sequences that characterise the acceptance or rejection of a host were recorded on pristine and egg laden seeds. These sequences were used to construct flow charts of transitions between the most common behaviours. Several indicators of a host's acceptahility were identified and quantified, including the duration of selected key behaviours. The combination of behaviours exhibited, their position in the transitional matrix and their respective durations, indicated the relative acceptability of the host seeds studied, and provided information on how the different sense organs have complementary roles in the process of host acceptance. This demonstrated that the perception of primary host and conspecific stimuli which influence host acceptance is undertaken by the palps and., to a lesser extent, by the antennae. The study of oviposition behaviour in conjunction with studies on the course of oviposition over extended periods on real and artificial hosts provided the tools by which the chemical bases of host acceptance could be investigated. Host seed extracts were screened for their ability to influence behaviour, and some of the active components were identified as a number of commonly occurring fatty acids. These same fatty acids have been shown to stimulate egg laying, and in different proportions and concentrations, to deter oviposition both as components of a conspecific oviposition deterrent pheromone, and as components of vegetable oils added to stored seeds as a protectant
42
Mureithi, Daniel Mwangi [Verfasser]. "Characterisation of key pests of amaranth and nightshades in Kenya and development of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies / Daniel Mwangi Mureithi." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172414254/34.
43
Schulte, Marie J. [Verfasser]. "Alternative Approaches in Pest Control: Studies on Major Pests of Litchi in the Mountainous Regions of Northern Thailand / Marie J Schulte." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1166512495/34.
44
Abrahamse, T. "Perception of pests and pest management and pest control decision making in developing agriculture : The Tonga farmers of the Mazabuka District, Zambia, 1981-1982, a case study." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233084.
45
Åsman, Karolina. "Vegetational diversity as a strategy for reducing pest oviposition in field vegetables /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5813-7.pdf.
46
Guntrip, John. "Variation and covariation in and between life-history traits of the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae), : and the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera, Bruchidae), with particular reference to trade-offs." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259509.
47
Greenfield, Bethany Patricia Jane. "Metarhizium pathogenesis of mosquito larvae." Thesis, Swansea University, 2014. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42819.
48
Fakude, Moelo Patience. "Eradication of storage insect pests in maize using microwave energy and the effects of the latter on grain quality." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01292009-131525.
49
Zanga, Daniela. "High carotenoid corn: agronomic evaluation and interactions with insect pests." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400802.
Abstract:
El meu projecte de recerca està centrat en la caracterització molecular, bioquímica i agronòmica, d’una línea transgènica de panís amb un elevat contingut en carotenoides, denominada, CarolightR en condicions ambientals diferents. És important analitzar el comportament d’una varietat nova de planta en condicions de camp amb la finalitat d’avaluar l’impacte dels múltiples estressos biòtics i abiòtics als que estarà sotmesa. Amb les anàlisis que he dut a terme, he determinat que tant el contingut en carotenoides totals, com la seva composició en l’endosperma, en l’etapa de maduresa, van ser molt similars entre las plantes cultivades a l’hiverncle i les cultivades al camp. El rendiment agronòmic general i les característiques específiques dels components del rendiment de CarolightR i la seva línia isogénica, M37W, van ser indistingibles. En experiments posteriors vaig dur a terme la introgressió dels transgens Btcry1Ac (anomenat 4Bt) amb activitat insecticida a CarolightR. La línea obtinguda 4BtxHC era tòxica a les larves del barrinador Ostrinia nubilalis. No obstant, l’ activitat insecticida en les llavors 4BtxHC era inferior en un 17% a la línia original 4Bt. Finalment he analitzat la propietat intel•lectual rellevant en la producció i comercialització de CarolightR.Mi proyecto de investigación está centrado en la caracterización molecular, bioquímica y agronómica, de una línea transgénica de maíz con elevado contenido en carotenoides, denominada, CarolightR bajo diferentes condiciones ambientales. Es importante evaluar el comportamiento de una nueva variedad de planta en condiciones de campo con el fin de determinar el impacto de múltiples estreses bióticos y abióticos a los que estara sometida la planta. Con los análisis que he realizado, he determinado que tanto el contenido de carotenoides totales y como su composición en el endospermo en madurez fisiológica fueron muy similares entre las plantas cultivadas en el invernadero y las cultivadas en el campo. El rendimiento y sus componentes de CarolightR y su línea isogénica, M37W, fueron similares. En experimentos posteriores, realice la introgresión de los transgenes Btcry1Ac (llamado 4Bt) con actividad insecticida a CarolightR. La línea obtenida 4BtxHC era toxica a las larvas del taladro Ostrinia nubilalis. No obstante la actividad insecticida en las semillas 4BtxHC era inferior en un 17% a la línea original 4Bt. Finalmente, he analizado la propiedad intelectual relevante a la producción y comercialización de CarolightR.
My research project focused on the molecular, biochemical and agronomical characterization of a high carotenoid transgenic corn line, CarolightR under different environmental conditions.It is important to evaluate theperformance of a novel plant variety under field conditions in order to determine the impact of the multiple biotic and abiotic stresses to which the plant will be exposed, on its performance characteristics. I determined that the total carotenoid content and composition in the endosperm at maturity were very similar in greenhouse- and field-grown plants.The overall agronomic performance and characteristics such as yield components of CarolightR and its near isogenic line, M37W, were indistinguishable. In follow up experiments I introgressed the Bt cry1Ac insecticidal transgene (named 4Bt) into CarolightR . The new line, 4BtxHC, was toxic to larvae of the corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis. However, the insecticidal activity of 4BtxHC grains was lowered compared to the original 4Bt line by 17%. Finally I explored the intellectual property landscape relevant to the production and commercialization of CarolightR
50
Crowder, I. D. "The use of microwaves to control pests of stored products." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371914.