Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pesticides – Réactivité (chimie) – Oxydation'
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Allemane, Hélène. "Oxydation de quelques composés organiques en milieu aqueux par ozonation et ozonation catalytique." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2285.
Full textKhalifeh, Al Rawas Hisham. "Studying the Reactivity of Pesticides Using Molecular Simulations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILR040.
Full textPesticides are semi volatile organic compounds used to control pests that risks crops, animals, humans, or the environment. When applied to the soil or crops, they have the potential to accumulate not only within the crops themselves but also to be transported through air, soil, and water across long distances, posing a major source of pollution within ecosystems. Pesticides can undergo biotic and abiotic degradation pathways. In the atmosphere, abiotic degradation of pesticides occurs mainly by photolysis, and chemical reactions initiated by radicals and atmospheric oxidants. In this thesis, we theoretically studied the atmospheric degradation by hydroxyl radical (HO•) of three used pesticides: phosmet, chlorpyrifos (CPF), and fenpyrazamine (FPA), using DFT calculations at the M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. Three different reaction pathways were considered: formal hydrogen transfer (FHT), radical adduct formation (RAF), and single electron transfer (SET). The thermodynamics, mechanisms, and kinetics of the reactions, as well as the lifetime of these pesticides were examined in both gas and aqueous phases at different temperatures (i.e., 253-323 K). The further oxidation of main radical products obtained from the decomposition of the pesticides were studied towards different oxidizing agents in aquatic environment such as 3O2, HO•, •NO, and •NO2 at 298 K. Finally, the ecotoxicity of these pesticides and their degradation by-products were estimated in the aquatic environment to understand their impact on aquatic species
Fabre, Isabelle. "Synthèse électrochimique et réactivité d'ortho-quinones monocétaliques chirales." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12881.
Full textBerthe, Bénédicte. "Étude de la cyclisation d'amines secondaires homoallyliques induite par un réactif électrophile sélénié. Réactivité des α-phénylsélanylméthyl azétidines." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES001.
Full textFotsing, Kwetche Césaire Rostand. "Modélisation à l’échelle moléculaire de la réactivité des aérosols atmosphériques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR058.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the molecular level understanding of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. The objective is to set up an hybrid classical/quantum methodology to treat the heterogeneous chemical mechanisms occurring at the surface of model aerosols attacked by various reactive species, either radicals (Cl, OH or RO2 peroxyl) or saturated (oxygen, ozone). Firstly, the quantum approach used to treat the reactivity between chlorine and a carboxylic acid molecule (valeric acid) or fatty acid (palmitic acid) has been validated in the gas phase. These calculations made it possible, on the one hand, to highlight the spontaneity of the abstraction of the hydrogen atoms of the acid by the chlorine radical and, on the other hand, the increase of the reaction rate constant as the chain of the acid molecule gets longer. In the second part dedicated to the simulation of a model submicrometer aerosol, we have built an aggregate of palmitic acid using classical molecular dynamics and analysed its structural and energetic properties. Then, addition of water molecules leads to the formation of water islands at the surface of the aggregate. Finally, we studied the heterogeneous reactivity at the surface of the aerosol by dividing the system into two regions treated differently (QM/MM approach, Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics). We have identified a sample of hydrogen atoms at the surface of the aggregate that can be captured by chlorine and calculated for each of them the reaction rate constant within the QM/MM scheme. We have finally been able to determine for the first time a theoretical value of the reactive uptake coefficient, which can be in principle compared to experimental data
Fotsing, Kwetche Césaire Rostand. "Modélisation à l’échelle moléculaire de la réactivité des aérosols atmosphériques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R058/document.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the molecular level understanding of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. The objective is to set up an hybrid classical/quantum methodology to treat the heterogeneous chemical mechanisms occurring at the surface of model aerosols attacked by various reactive species, either radicals (Cl, OH or RO2 peroxyl) or saturated (oxygen, ozone). Firstly, the quantum approach used to treat the reactivity between chlorine and a carboxylic acid molecule (valeric acid) or fatty acid (palmitic acid) has been validated in the gas phase. These calculations made it possible, on the one hand, to highlight the spontaneity of the abstraction of the hydrogen atoms of the acid by the chlorine radical and, on the other hand, the increase of the reaction rate constant as the chain of the acid molecule gets longer. In the second part dedicated to the simulation of a model submicrometer aerosol, we have built an aggregate of palmitic acid using classical molecular dynamics and analysed its structural and energetic properties. Then, addition of water molecules leads to the formation of water islands at the surface of the aggregate. Finally, we studied the heterogeneous reactivity at the surface of the aerosol by dividing the system into two regions treated differently (QM/MM approach, Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics). We have identified a sample of hydrogen atoms at the surface of the aggregate that can be captured by chlorine and calculated for each of them the reaction rate constant within the QM/MM scheme. We have finally been able to determine for the first time a theoretical value of the reactive uptake coefficient, which can be in principle compared to experimental data
Calmettes, Stéphanie. "Conception d'un catalyseur par greffage d'un complexe de ruthénium en milieu confiné ; Application à l'oxydation sélective." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292814.
Full textBoursiquot-Michel, Sophie. "Synthèse, caractérisation et réactivité vis-à-vis du chrome (VI) de la mackinawite (FeS)." Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0236_BOURSIQUOT-MICHEL.pdf.
Full textThis study is about the synthesis, the characterisation of an iron sulphide, mackinawite (FeS) and the reactivity with a metallic pollutant, chromium (VI). First of all, the synthesis of mackinawite was driven from two ways of synthesis currently reported in the literature and which involve the addition of a sulphur (-II) solution to a solution containing iron (0) or iron (II). The characterisation of the physical chemistry properties has shown that the crystallinity of the products obtained from the two ways of synthesis are not equivalent: the product obtained from iron (II) is poorly crystallised whereas the one synthesised from metallic iron is well crystallised and identical to natural mackinawite. The second way of synthesis has then been retained for this study. Otherwise, the alteration of the physical chemistry properties of the surface of mackinawite has been underlined, with the presence of both Fe(II) and Fe(III) bonded to sulphur. At last, the oxidation study has been complex, due to the simultaneous presence of several oxidation products which are greigite, elemental sulphur and iron (oxyhydr)oxides, magnetite and eventually goethite. Elemental sulphur and iron (oxyhydr)oxides are the final products of the reaction, from which a mechanism of mackinawite oxidation has been proposed. The second part of this work concerns the study of the mackinawite/chromium (VI) reactivity and has demonstrated the ability of mackinawite to remove chromium (VI) from solution. The elimination of chromium (VI) results from an oxidoreduction mechanism in solution, chromium (VI) interacting with iron (II) and sulphur species arising from the mackinawite dissolution. The structural analysis of the reaction products reveals the presence of residual mackinawite, greigite, goethite, elemental sulphur and a phase including iron, oxygen and chromium. A reaction mechanism of chromium (VI) reduction by mackinawite has been proposed. It seems that the precipitation of the reaction products is the limiting factor in the chromium (VI) reduction by mackinawite
Arlie, Natacha. "Réactivité de radicaux inorganiques, CO3 *- et Cl*/Cl2 *- en solution aqueuse." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973851.
Full textEl, masri Ahmad. "Étude cinétique et mécanistique de la réactivité des composés organophosphorés avec les photooxydants atmosphériques." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS026/document.
Full textThis thesis establishes the mechanism of heterogeneous degradation of chlorpyrifos (CLP) towards OH-radicals and ozone for CLP on quartz plaques and towards ozone for various contaminations of sand with CLP. The kinetic constants of the heterogeneous degradation are determined in a photo-chemical reactor coupled with a GC/MS. The chlorpyriphos-oxon (CLPO) and the trichloropyridinol (TCP) are the degradation products in the heterogeneous phase for different oxidizer and medium. The heterogeneous reactivity of CLPO towards ozone and OH-radicals are also studied. The results show that the OH-radicals constitute the main pathway of heterogeneous degradation of the CLP and that the CLPO is more persistent than the CLP. The CLPO can be transported far from its point of application. The heterogeneous ozonolysis of the CLP on sand shows that the kinetics are dependent of the contamination in CLP with an exponential behavior.The mechanism established from the analysis of products detected in the condensed phase plans the formation of small organophosphate molecules transferred in the gas phase. We studied the reactivity of two volatile organophosphate molecules the O,O,O-triethylphosphate (TEP) and the O,O-diethylethylphosphonate (DEEP) towards OH-radicals and towards the atomic chlorine in gas phase as a function of the temperature. The TEP and the DEEP present rate constants above 10-10 cm3.molecule-1.s-1. These molecules thus quickly degrade in the atmosphere and are source of a local photochemical pollution.Finally, to complete the degradation pattern of the CLP, its gas phase UV spectra is measured and its constant of photolysis is determined to 1,8 10-5 s-1, involving a photolysis life time of around 16 hours
Ratajczak, Fabien. "Synthèse et réactivité de nitroxydes chiraux." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10134.
Full textPoulain, Laurent. "Le devenir de quelques composés organiques volatils en phase aqueuse troposphérique : développements instrumentaux et étude de leur réactivité sous conditions simulées." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11050.
Full textJaafar, Hassen. "Activité biomimétique du dioxygène vis-à-vis de complexes mononucléaires ferreux en série tris (2-pyridylméthyle) amine : Chimie de coordination, réactivité et études spectroscopiques." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/JAAFAR_Hassen_2010.pdf.
Full textIn the present work, we address the question of activation of molecular oxygen by Fe(II) complexes in non-porphyrinic chemistry. Two new series of nitrogen-containing tripods with the tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine skeleton, in which the pyridine is α-substituted by chlorine and iodine atoms respectively, have been prepared. Within the chloro- substituted series, the FeCl2 and Fe(OTf)2 complexes have been prepared. With iodo-substituted ligands, only the FeCl2 complexes are reported. The structures of the complexes are reported, in solid state and in solution using a broad array of spectroscopic techniques. Reactivity studies have been performed. In the absence of substrates, the conversion of Fe(II) complexes into μ-oxo diferric species is observed, and the importance of the distortion of the coordination polyhedron is discussed. In the presence of cyclohexane, this alkane is oxidized, with low efficiency in acetonitrile, and in a much more efficient way in pyridine. The distribution profile of the oxidation products is also dependent on the reaction solvent. A reaction mechanism supporting these findings is discussed. It involves coordination of molecular oxygen to the metal centre as the initial step. In the case of a crowded environment around the metal centre, a transient species is detected during the oxygenation reaction of the Fe(II) complexes. An attempt of characterization of the reaction intermediate is reported, and the possible occurrence of a dioxygen adduct species is discussed
Zhang, Cuihong. "Étude expérimentale des réactions élémentaires d'importance atmosphérique : la réactivité des radicaux peroxyles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR090.
Full textPeroxy radicals are important intermediates in atmospheric chemical reactions and play an important role in atmospheric radical chain reactions. Kinetics and product information of radicals are key parameters in global atmospheric model simulation, and are of great significance for understanding scientific questions such as atmospheric oxidation capacity, photochemical pollution, and secondary organic aerosol formation. Ethane is one of the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbons in the atmosphere, its oxidation reaction generates the ethyl peroxy radical C2H5O2. However, in the literature there are still insufficient information and inconsistent measurement results in its self- and cross-reaction kinetics. Accurately measuring the rate constant and product branching ratio of C2H5O2 will help to understand the C2H5O2 chemistry in low NOx environments and its contribution to formation of OVOCs and secondary organic aerosol in the atmosphere.Absorption spectroscopy and photoionization mass spectrometry (PIMS) have been used to study the kinetics and products of C2H5O2. Based on dual-path cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS), the self- and cross- reaction of C2H5O2 radicals have been studied, and the rate constant and branch ratio has been obtained. Based on PIMS, and synchrotron radiation photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (PEPICO), the products were detected
Delehouzé, Arnaud. "Ablation des matériaux carbonés : lien entre la nanotexturation et la réactivité." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14634/document.
Full textThe problem stated by the use of composites C / C dense implies knowledge and control of degradation processes to which they are subjected. The use of in-situ characterization of these means of degradation pathways then is a considerable asset for their advance. Thus, the use of ESEM in temperature associated with a crystallographic characterization by TEM and ex situ confrontation by thermogravimetric analysis resulted in obtaining kinetic laws characterizing the propagation of oxidation in all directions. Following this experimental stage, a numerical approach based on the use of algorithms Kinetic Monte-Carlo, was then introduced to model these observations both at the atomic level with the modeling of the oxidation kinetics law linear, as meso-and macro-simulation by the kinetic law of mass loss in the case of HOPG
Socorro, Joanna. "Etude de la réactivité hétérogène de pesticides adsorbés sur des particules modèles atmosphériques : cinétiques et produits de dégradation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4769/document.
Full textPesticides represent a topic which raise an important number of questions. During their application, one fraction of the pesticides is emitted in the atmosphere, an important dissemination vector. In the atmosphere, pesticides are partitioned between different phases. However, due to increased use of semi-volatile pesticides, they are mostly enriched in the atmospheric particulate phase. They are adsorbed on the surface of atmospheric particles and undergo photochemical processes which govern the fate of pesticides in the atmosphere. Currently, the atmospheric fate of pesticides is based only on gas-phase reactivity. In order to properly understand the fate of pesticides and their impact on human health and on the environment, heterogeneous reactivity of 8 pesticides (cyprodinil, deltamethrin, difenoconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, permethrin and tetraconazole) adsorbed on the surface of silica particles, is evaluated. This work deals with the determination of lifetimes of these 8 pesticides under solar light irradiation, ozone (O3) and hydroxyl radicals (OH), in presence of humidity. With a daily average sunshine, the lifetimes of the pesticides in the particle phase are between ca. 1 day and 68 days. For an average mixing ratio of 40 ppb of O3 and 10^6 cm^-3 of OH radicals, the lifetimes span between 8 and more than 35 days and 24 and more than 54 days, respectively. This study shows that the reactivity in the particle phase is slower than in the gas phase and confirm the necessity to be taken into account. Degradation products are identified and reaction mechanism is proposed bringing to light the formation of compounds more toxic than their precursors
Sadorge, André. "Quelques développements en chimie des hydrures de tantalocène : Comportement de Cp’ 2TaH3 (Cp’ =η 5-C 5H 4- tBu) vis-à-vis de chalcogènes. Synthèse et propriétés d'un nouveau complexe : Cp’ 2taH2+." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS064.
Full textLeyssens, Gontrand. "Étude de l'incorporation du benzaldéhyde et de composés phénoliques dans des solutions aqueuses : paramètres thermo-cinétiques et implications atmosphériques." Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/830921a1-77df-4227-b1a9-f750dc359b7b.
Full textEn ce qui concerne le benzaldéhyde, la faible valeur du coefficient d'accommodation massique déterminée à 293 K (=2. 10-4) laisse supposer que son incorporation dans les particules d'aérosols aqueux de l'atmosphère est probablement très limitée. Une étude préliminaire a été entreprise pour identifier les produits de réactions qui résulteraient de l'oxydation du p-crésol dissous dans l'eau par le dioxyde d'azote d'une part, et par les radicaux OH d'autre part. Enfin, dans le but de mieux évaluer l'impact potentiel de la chimie multiphasique des COVO étudiés dans ce travail, une étude de deux scénarii par temps de ciel clair et de ciel nuageux a été réalisée pour estimer les durées de vie et les temps caractéristiques des différents processus responsables de leur évolution spatio-temporelle dans la troposphère. Cette étude montre que l'accommodation massique des composés phénoliques étudiés s'avère. être un processus très rapide en regard des durées de vie de ces composés dans la phase gazeuse de la troposphère et que, par conséquent, leur assimilation par les hydrométéores ne devrait pas être limitée par le processus d'accommodation et serait plus rapide en présence de nuages. En modifiant la composition de la tropüsphère,. 1a chimie multiphasique des COVO étudiés pourrait avoir un impact sur sa capacité oxydante
Belkouch, Jamal. "Le système Fe PO dans le procédé d'oxydéshydrogénation de l'acide isobutyrique : influence de la vapeur d'eau et des ions promoteurs sur la réactivité et la catalyse." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD416.
Full textDenis, Isabelle. "Photodégradation des composés organiques volatils biogéniques dans l'atmosphère : étude de la réactivité du (beta)-pinène vis à vis des radicaux hydroxyles ; cas de la réactivité en milieu hétérogène." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10129.
Full textGatoux, Aline. "Caractérisation physico-chimique d'un revêtement de protection anti-oxydation multi-composants pour freins d'avions en composites C/C." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10138.
Full textThe manuscript presents our work on the physico-chemical evolution of a protective coating developed by the Messier-Bugatti-Dowty company. This coatong is used to protect aircraft brakes against oxidation, and they are manufactured from C/Ccomposites. The developed protection is multi-layer type and is based on the association between different elements: (i) a metal phosphate solution, (ii) a borosilicate glass, (iii) a solution of colloidal silica and (iv) a metal boride. If the formulation gives very good results as anto-oxidationcoating, there is little information on the physico-chemical evolution of its components and their interactions. The thesis work has consisted of a multi-technique characterization (XRD, solid-state NMR, microscopy, TOF-SIMS) of systems simulating the coating. The first studies were carried out on anextremely simplified system and the impact of each component has been highlighted by adding each component separately, leading finally to the complete formulation. The overall results confirmed the role of each component in the formulation. We characterized the aging of the protection with the temperature and in the presence of water, which provided new information on the reactivity between the various components. This physicochemical study enabled to define the advantages and limitations of the protection, and we could propose new improvements to enhance the efficiency of the coating
Oueslati, Khaled. "Caractérisation et modélisation de la production des radicaux libres oxygénés par la chimie de Fenton dans un milieu mimétique de la viande." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC014/document.
Full textControl of meat quality during meat processes (storage, cooking, curing, digestion) requires a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible of the oxidative phenomena and of the kinetic laws that govern them. The initiation stage of oxidation is crucial and characterized by the rate of reaction of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide with iron; this latter compound is more or less rich depending on muscles, animals and species. Superoxide radical (O2°- ) and hydroxyl radical (OH°) are produced and initiate the cascade of reactions implicated in protein and lipid oxidations. To investigate the impact of the physicochemical parameters on the free radicals production our trials were carried out with a mimetic model of meat using two specific probes (nitroblue tetrazolium and terephthalate) and a stoichio-kinetic mathematical model composed of interactive chemical reactions. This approach enables to measure many production kinetics of O2°- and OH° and to assess unknown kinetic parameters (rate constant and activation energy and iron reactivity) by comparison of calculations to measurements. The experimental results show: (1) a synergistic effect of oxidants and temperature on oxidations (2) a significant effect of counter ions and pH on iron complexes and oxidation levels (3) a significant effect of oxidants and antioxidants on oxidation. Controversial rate constants and activation energies of some reactions as well as iron reactivity coefficients were adjusted. The predictions of the stoechio-kinetic model reproduce experimental trends except for high reactants concentrations, for extreme temperatures and for some antioxidants. A global optimization of k, Ea and iron reactivities values could improve predictive results
Ciszak, Clément. "Etude de l'accrochage pastille/gaine des crayons combustibles des réacteurs à eau pressurisée." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK045/document.
Full textDurability and integrity of materials used in nuclear power plants is a continuous concern of the nuclear power plant owners and developers. During the fuel irradiation in pressurised water reactors (PWR), the whole fuel-clad assembly is subjected to several irradiation-induced modifications. In particular, the fuel element expansion concomitant to the cladding creeping, leads to the contacting of both materials, allowing the oxidation of the inner side of the clad, locally at first, then tending to affect the overall cladding inner surface. At high burnup, a bonding of the fuel periphery with the metallic cladding can be observed, forming the fuel-clad bonding phenomenon, which conditions the thermal transfers and the mechanical behaviour of the fuel rods. The main objective of this PhD, is to further the knowledges of the physic-chemical interaction between fuel and clad, by identifying especially the origin of their bonding and its evolution with burnup. For that purpose, studies on inter-diffusion couples were performed on model materials both under ionic irradiation and not, completing detailed characterisations of the fuel|clad interface of samples irradiated in PWR. Comparison of the results obtained on model materials with those obtained on samples irradiated in PWR, allows making reliable assumptions on the nature, the origin and the evolution of the fuel-clad bonding in PWR
Samir, Brahim. "Dégradation électrochimique du thiabendazole et l’imazalil. Étude de réactivité atmosphérique des composés aromatiques hétérocycliques azotés." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS037/document.
Full textThis work concerns a new insight of treatment of organic pollutants pesticides before their rejection in the natural environment. This phenomenon is increasing dramatically causing many adverse effects on the environment and the health. The first step of this work focused on the treatment of aqueous solution charged with fungicides by direct electrochemical processes. The efficiency of this latter in the treatment of waters polluted by pesticides has been confirmed with a mineralization rate exceeding 80%. In the other hand, the obtained results have ensured that the nature of the anode material is one of the keys and factors having an influence on the oxidation pathway. The second step conducted by absorption spectroscopy and focused on the atmospheric reactivity in the gas phase of nitrogenous heterocyclic aromatic compounds. These species are expected during the degradation of pesticides. The use of an atmospheric simulation chamber at different temperatures allowed us to follow the kinetics of these compounds with ozone and OH radicals. The kinetics of ozonolysis of these compounds is very slow. The molecular structure is the factor, according to the results obtained, controlling the atmospheric reactivity of these compounds in the case of their reaction with OH radicals. Indeed, the 5-atom aromatic heterocyclic compounds have a greater reactivity with respect to the OH radicals, compared with six-membered aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Moreover, according to these studies, the presence of nitrogen atoms in the aromatic ring has a deactivating effect on the reactivity of these compounds with the OH radicals. Spectroscopically, the UV-visible absorption spectra of the compounds 1,2,3-triazole, pyrazole, pyrazine, pyrimidine, and pyridazine were determined in the gas phase and their atmospheric photodissociation constants were estimated. Finally, the kinetic and spectroscopic data obtained made it possible to discuss the atmospheric implications of these compounds in terms of their lifetime with respect to the different processes of atmospheric degradation
Fakih, Mariam. "Réactivité atmosphérique des principaux produits d'oxydation de première génération des monoterpènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS010.
Full textMonoterpenes are biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) widely emitted into the atmosphere by forests and plant crops, thus representing significant players in atmospheric chemistry. Their high reactivity towards atmospheric oxidants has been the subject of several studies in the literature. However, their first-generation oxidation products are less evaluated, and could partly explain the missing reactivity and the underestimation of AOS formation by models. In this context, this study aims to understand the atmospheric reactivity of five VOCBs (nopinone, myrtenal, ketolimonene, caronaldehyde, and limononaldehyde) that are first-generation oxidation products of α- and β-pinene and limonene. This work focuses on the study of degradation processes by determining the kinetics and mechanism of oxidation reactions of the targeted BVOCs by the OH radical, chlorine and ozone, as well as their potential photolysis through the study of their UV-Vis absorption spectra. To this end, the oxidation reactions of five first-generation monoterpene oxidation products were studied in an atmospheric simulation chamber coupled with various analytical techniques (FTIR, SPME-GC/MS, PTR-MS-ToF).The spectroscopic study focused on determining the UV-visible absorption spectra of the five compounds in the 200-400 nm range at a temperature of 353 ± 2 K, and at a pressure below the saturation vapor pressure of COVB. The spectra show a broad absorption band between 240 and 370 nm, corresponding to the n-π* band of the carbonyl group. The significant absorption of these compounds above 290 nm suggests that they are likely to be removed by photolysis in at least a few hours.The temperature kinetic studies carried out in this thesis concern the (VOC+ OH) reaction for nopinone, myrtenal, ketolimonene and limononaldehdye, the (VOC + Cl) reaction for nopinone, myrtenal and ketolimonene and the ozonolysis reaction for ketolimonene, myrtenal and limononaldehyde. Experiments were carried out using either the relative or the absolute kinetic method in the temperature range 298 - 353 K and at atmospheric pressure. The kinetic results obtained made it possible to calculate the atmospheric lifetimes of these compounds. Their atmospheric persistence does not exceed one day. Overall, these lifetimes show that the main route of elimination for the compounds studied is through their reaction with OH radicals, with significant competition in coastal regions from Cl radicals. The study also revealed a generally positive trend for OH radicals and ozone with increasing temperature, and a negative trend for chlorine.Finally, mechanistic ozonolysis studies of ketolimonene, myrtenal and limononaldehyde were carried out. These studies consist of monitoring the temporal evolution of the reagents as well as the reaction product. These data allowed us to extract the formation rate of the products formed during ozonolysis processes. Based on these results, reaction mechanisms of ozonolysis of ketolimonene, myrtenal and limononaldehyde are proposed
Assali, Mohamed. "Réactivité des radicaux peroxyles étudiée par photolyse laser couplée aux techniques cw-CRDS et LIF." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR046.
Full textDegradation of volatile organic pollutants, such as Volatils Organic Compounds (VOCs), under tropospheric conditions is usually initiated by the main oxidant which is the OH radical, followed by the formation of hydroproxy radicals HO2 and alkylperoxy radicals RO2 by reaction of products with oxygen. The fate of these radicals plays an important role in tropospheric chemistry. They are closely linked to the cycle that controls the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere and the formation of tropospheric ozone. In a polluted environment, the influence of peroxy radicals is well known and many experimental results are available in the literature. In a clean environment (with low nitrogen oxides NOx (x=1,2) concentration) the reactivity between HOx (x=1,2) and RO2 controls tropospheric chemistry. However, this chemistry is not yet well known. In the frame of this thesis, experimental kinetic studies have been carried out to better understand the oxidation mechanisms of these species. An experimental laser photolysis device coupled with time-resolved spectroscopic detection techniques: continuous wave Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) allowing the detection of HO2 and RO2 radicals and Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) for the detection of OH radicals was used.Different reaction systems were studied using the experimental technique mentioned above:1) the reaction of CH3C(O)O2 + CH3C(O)O2, and CH3C(O)O2 + CH3O2, 2) CH3C(O)CH2O2 + CH3C(O)CH2O2 and for the first time the reaction Cl + CH3C(O)CH2O2, 3) DO2 + DO2 and for the first time the reaction HO2 + DO2. The rate constants were determined for these six reactions at ambient temperature. For the first four different reaction pathways are possible, and we have also determined the branching ratio of the pathway leading to the formation of radicals for these reactions
Dhanasekaran, Venkatesan. "Oxide supported Au-Pd nanoparticles for CO oxidation reaction." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/DHANASEKARAN_Venkatesan_1_va_20170629.pdf.
Full textAu-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) have been studied for their catalytic activity in CO oxidation reaction. The preparation technique, size and composition of the nanoparticles have great impact on the catalytic behaviour of the system. Here, 3 and 5nm diameter Au1-xPdx (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) nanoparticles were employed to study the effect of size and composition. The samples were synthesized by micelle nanolithography, a technique well adapted to yield narrow size distribution of nanoparticles. To achieve monodisperse metal-loaded micelles on SiO2/Si(001) substrates we employed spin-coating and observe quasi-hexagonal ordered micelles in SEM. Oxygen or hydrogen plasma were used to remove the polymer, reduce the metal ions and enable nanoparticle formation. We made a systematic approach to study the effect of plasma on the structure and morphology of the NPs by means of surface x-ray scattering techniques. The oxidation behavior and CO oxidation activity of the Au1-xPdx NPs were studied at 300°C and 0.5 bar in the flow reactor XCAT available at the SixS Beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL, France. The CO oxidation activity measurements showed that the NPs prepared using the oxygen plasma present higher CO2 conversion rate than the NPs prepared using hydrogen plasma for a given composition. The Pd nanoparticles prepared using O2 plasma were found to be the most active catalyst: no synergetic effects were observed for bimetallic nanoparticles for the CO oxidation reaction
Vincent, Jean-Marc. "Réactivité chimique de complexes binucléaires de fer (III) à pont oxo : catalyse d'oxydation d'alcanes et agrégation d'espèces ferriques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10188.
Full textDuboc-Toia, Carole. "Réactivité chimique des complexes dinucléaires de fer (III) à pont oxo : applications en catalyse d'oxydation énantiosélective et en hydrolyse de phosphoesters." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10092.
Full textGarnier, Anaïs. "Platine sur silice : exemples réussis de synthèse par voie organométallique pour la catalyse hétérogène : validation par l'adsorption et la réactivité du CO." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAF040/document.
Full textOrganometallic chemistry resonates with homogeneous catalysis, and surface chemistry with heterogeneous catalysis. But the frontier between these two fields is very thin. In the 90’s, these fields approached each other and led to the development of a new science: organometallic surface chemistry, which underlines their complementarity. The goal of this science, with which this work is associated, is to create heterogeneous catalysts from organometallic compounds. Our goal is to contribute to the understanding of platinum nanoparticle formation - platinum being an important metal in heterogeneous catalysis - onto amorphous silica supports, thanks to organometallic chemistry. During this work, various Pt/SiO2 catalysts were prepared fromthree platinum precursors: the classical one, H2PtIVCl6.xH2O and two organometallic compounds PtII(η 4-C8H12)Cl2 et Pt0(η2-C7H10)3, and involved three supports: a commercial silica (Davison), a mesoporous silica SBA-15 synthesized in the laboratory, and a natural silica, the diatomite. Moreover, the study of the standard platinum reference catalyst “EuroPt-1” lead to the development of a methodology of operando Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) of carbon monoxide (CO) adsorption on the different sites of a platinum nanoparticle. Catalysts prepared from Pt0(η 2-C7H10)3 are more active than EuroPt-1 for the CO oxidation reaction, and this work shows the potential of organometallic precursors in the domain of heterogeneous catalysis
Messaadia, Lyamine. "Etudes théoriques et expérimentales de la dégradation atmosphérique des composés organiques oxygénés." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS036/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of atmospheric degradation of some Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds by major atmospheric oxidants OH, Cl, and NO3. This work comprises firstly determining the spectra of UV-Visible absorption hydroxycarbonyl compounds (hydroxyacetone (HAC), 4-hydroxy-2-butanone (4HB), 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (3HB) and 3-methyl-3-hydoxy-2-butanone (3H3M2B) and secondly measures the kinetics of the reaction of the compound HAC with the atomic chlorine and nitrate radical.Reactions between 4HB and 3H2B with OH radicals and atomic chlorine were also studied.The UV absorption cross-sections of hydroxyacetone, 3-hydroxy 2-butanone, 4-hydroxy 2-butanone and 3-hydroxy 3-methyl 2-butanone have been measured. The experiments have been carried out between 250 and 363 K using a D2 lamp coupled to a monochromator. This work provides the first UV cross-section measurements for 3-hydroxy 2-butanone, 4-hydroxy 2-butanone and 3-hydroxy 3-methyl 2-butanone. The obtained cross-section values are used to calculate the photolysis rates and to estimate the tropospheric lifetimes of the studied compounds. The results suggest that photolysis could be an important removal process for these species in the troposphere. The results of kinetic studies show a slight variation of the rate constants with temperature.We also studied the diketones compounds: 2,4-pentanedione and 2,3-pentanedione. This study focuses on the determination of UV-Visible absorption spectra of diketones compounds and kinetic study of their reaction with OH radicals according to temperature. For both compounds a temperature variation of more than 60% is observed.The theoretical calculations were performed with two different programs: With Gaussian 03 software we performed a geometry optimization minima complex and transition states at B3LYP/6-311G + + level (2d, pd). The high-level composite method CBS-QB3 was used. And with the software ChemRate for kinetic calculations and the determination of rate constants for gas phase reaction according to the studied temperature. Calculations of energy levels show the existence of a reaction step where there is an intermediate complex followed by abstraction of a hydrogen atom
Moutet, Jules. "Exploration de nouvelles stratégies catalytiques pour le développement de méthodes d'oxydation / oxygénation aérobies." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV076.
Full textThis work is devoted to the design, the synthesis and the study of oxidation catalysts, based on 3d metals and non-innocent ligands. First, the development of complexes derived from two unprecedented tetra-nitrogenated redox-active ligands (o-phenylenediamine, aniline and dipyrrin motifs) has been investigated. A number of species at various oxidation states has been prepared. The elucidation of their electronic structures was performed by complementary techniques (X-Ray diffraction, electrochemistry, UV-Vis-NIR, EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy). A biradical iron complex based on the bis(2-aminophenyl)-o-phenylenediamine ligand was synthesized. In parallel, an innovative bis(2-aminophenyl)dipyrrin architecture was developed. Its reactions with nickel, copper and cobalt led to three isostructural complexes, showing an unprecedented anilinyl-dipyrrinyl radical character. The complexation of the dipyrrin to manganese afforded a unique dinuclear radical complex with a rare ligand-based mixed valence.In a second phase, iron, copper and manganese complexes were assessed in oxidation applications. The reactivity study of the biradical iron resulted in the observation of a high-valent species thanks to Mössbauer spectroscopy. On the other hand, the copper complex has shown an activity in the oxidation of an alcohol. Finally, a catalytic aerobic activity in oxygenation catalysis was identified with the dinuclear manganese radical complex
Lapointe, Sébastien. "Complexes cationiques POCOP de nickel : synthèse, caractérisation, réactivité et étude catalytique." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16085.
Full textThis thesis describes the chemistry of nickel (II) cationic pincer complexes bearing a POCOP ligand. The content is divided into two parts. The first part (chapter 2) concerns the synthesis, characterization and reactivities of nickel (II) cationic POCOP pincer complexes with an acetonitrile ligand coordinated to the metal center via the nitrile moiety, [(R-POCOPR’)Ni(NCMe)][OSO2CF3] where R is a ring substituent and R’ is a P-substituent (R’ = iPr : R = H (1), p-Me(2), p-OMe(3), p-CO2Me(4), p-Br(5), m,m-tBu2(6), m-OMe(7), m-CO2Me(8); R’ = t-Bu : R = H (9), p-CO2Me(10)). The cationic complexes are synthetized by reacting the neutral nickel (II) bromide derivatives R-(POCOPR’)Ni-Br with Ag(OSO2CF3) in acetonitrile at room temperature. The impact of R and R’ groups of the POCOP ligand on the structure and electronic proprieties of the complexes has been studied by NMR, UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy, as well as by single crystal x-ray diffraction studies and cyclic voltammetry measurements. The observed ν(C≡N) values were found to increase with the increasing electron-withdrawing nature of R, i.e., in the order 7 < 3 ~ 2 ~ 6 < 1 < 5 ~ 8 < 4 and 9 < 10. This trend is consistent with the anticipation that enhanced electrophilicity of the nickel center should result in an increase in net MeCN→Ni σ-donation. It is also interesting to note that all cationic complexes show a much higher Ni(II)/Ni(III) oxidation potential than their neutral Ni-Br analogues. Following this, an equilibrium study is presented that shows the facile exchange of the MeCN/Br ligands between the charge-neutral and cationic complexes (R-POCOPR’)NiBr and [(R-POCOPR’)Ni(NCMe)][OSO2CF3]. The second part of this thesis consists of two chapters describing, respectively, structural studies that are relevant to our understanding of the mechanism of hydroamination reactions promoted by the title complexes (chapter 3), and reactivity and kinetic studies aimed at understanding the impact of different variables (R and R’; temperature; substrates; solvent; etc.) on the Michael-type hydroamination and hydroalkoxylation of acrylonitrile and its substituted derivatives (chapter 4). Chapter 3 will also discuss the attempted synthesis of new amine and nitrile POCOP cationic and neutral complexes, as well as the facile displacement of the amine moiety by a nitrile.