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Academic literature on the topic 'Pesticides – Réactivité (chimie) – Oxydation'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pesticides – Réactivité (chimie) – Oxydation"
Allemane, Hélène. "Oxydation de quelques composés organiques en milieu aqueux par ozonation et ozonation catalytique." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2285.
Full textKhalifeh, Al Rawas Hisham. "Studying the Reactivity of Pesticides Using Molecular Simulations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILR040.
Full textPesticides are semi volatile organic compounds used to control pests that risks crops, animals, humans, or the environment. When applied to the soil or crops, they have the potential to accumulate not only within the crops themselves but also to be transported through air, soil, and water across long distances, posing a major source of pollution within ecosystems. Pesticides can undergo biotic and abiotic degradation pathways. In the atmosphere, abiotic degradation of pesticides occurs mainly by photolysis, and chemical reactions initiated by radicals and atmospheric oxidants. In this thesis, we theoretically studied the atmospheric degradation by hydroxyl radical (HO•) of three used pesticides: phosmet, chlorpyrifos (CPF), and fenpyrazamine (FPA), using DFT calculations at the M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. Three different reaction pathways were considered: formal hydrogen transfer (FHT), radical adduct formation (RAF), and single electron transfer (SET). The thermodynamics, mechanisms, and kinetics of the reactions, as well as the lifetime of these pesticides were examined in both gas and aqueous phases at different temperatures (i.e., 253-323 K). The further oxidation of main radical products obtained from the decomposition of the pesticides were studied towards different oxidizing agents in aquatic environment such as 3O2, HO•, •NO, and •NO2 at 298 K. Finally, the ecotoxicity of these pesticides and their degradation by-products were estimated in the aquatic environment to understand their impact on aquatic species
Fabre, Isabelle. "Synthèse électrochimique et réactivité d'ortho-quinones monocétaliques chirales." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12881.
Full textBerthe, Bénédicte. "Étude de la cyclisation d'amines secondaires homoallyliques induite par un réactif électrophile sélénié. Réactivité des α-phénylsélanylméthyl azétidines." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES001.
Full textFotsing, Kwetche Césaire Rostand. "Modélisation à l’échelle moléculaire de la réactivité des aérosols atmosphériques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR058.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the molecular level understanding of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. The objective is to set up an hybrid classical/quantum methodology to treat the heterogeneous chemical mechanisms occurring at the surface of model aerosols attacked by various reactive species, either radicals (Cl, OH or RO2 peroxyl) or saturated (oxygen, ozone). Firstly, the quantum approach used to treat the reactivity between chlorine and a carboxylic acid molecule (valeric acid) or fatty acid (palmitic acid) has been validated in the gas phase. These calculations made it possible, on the one hand, to highlight the spontaneity of the abstraction of the hydrogen atoms of the acid by the chlorine radical and, on the other hand, the increase of the reaction rate constant as the chain of the acid molecule gets longer. In the second part dedicated to the simulation of a model submicrometer aerosol, we have built an aggregate of palmitic acid using classical molecular dynamics and analysed its structural and energetic properties. Then, addition of water molecules leads to the formation of water islands at the surface of the aggregate. Finally, we studied the heterogeneous reactivity at the surface of the aerosol by dividing the system into two regions treated differently (QM/MM approach, Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics). We have identified a sample of hydrogen atoms at the surface of the aggregate that can be captured by chlorine and calculated for each of them the reaction rate constant within the QM/MM scheme. We have finally been able to determine for the first time a theoretical value of the reactive uptake coefficient, which can be in principle compared to experimental data
Fotsing, Kwetche Césaire Rostand. "Modélisation à l’échelle moléculaire de la réactivité des aérosols atmosphériques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R058/document.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the molecular level understanding of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. The objective is to set up an hybrid classical/quantum methodology to treat the heterogeneous chemical mechanisms occurring at the surface of model aerosols attacked by various reactive species, either radicals (Cl, OH or RO2 peroxyl) or saturated (oxygen, ozone). Firstly, the quantum approach used to treat the reactivity between chlorine and a carboxylic acid molecule (valeric acid) or fatty acid (palmitic acid) has been validated in the gas phase. These calculations made it possible, on the one hand, to highlight the spontaneity of the abstraction of the hydrogen atoms of the acid by the chlorine radical and, on the other hand, the increase of the reaction rate constant as the chain of the acid molecule gets longer. In the second part dedicated to the simulation of a model submicrometer aerosol, we have built an aggregate of palmitic acid using classical molecular dynamics and analysed its structural and energetic properties. Then, addition of water molecules leads to the formation of water islands at the surface of the aggregate. Finally, we studied the heterogeneous reactivity at the surface of the aerosol by dividing the system into two regions treated differently (QM/MM approach, Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics). We have identified a sample of hydrogen atoms at the surface of the aggregate that can be captured by chlorine and calculated for each of them the reaction rate constant within the QM/MM scheme. We have finally been able to determine for the first time a theoretical value of the reactive uptake coefficient, which can be in principle compared to experimental data
Calmettes, Stéphanie. "Conception d'un catalyseur par greffage d'un complexe de ruthénium en milieu confiné ; Application à l'oxydation sélective." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292814.
Full textBoursiquot-Michel, Sophie. "Synthèse, caractérisation et réactivité vis-à-vis du chrome (VI) de la mackinawite (FeS)." Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0236_BOURSIQUOT-MICHEL.pdf.
Full textThis study is about the synthesis, the characterisation of an iron sulphide, mackinawite (FeS) and the reactivity with a metallic pollutant, chromium (VI). First of all, the synthesis of mackinawite was driven from two ways of synthesis currently reported in the literature and which involve the addition of a sulphur (-II) solution to a solution containing iron (0) or iron (II). The characterisation of the physical chemistry properties has shown that the crystallinity of the products obtained from the two ways of synthesis are not equivalent: the product obtained from iron (II) is poorly crystallised whereas the one synthesised from metallic iron is well crystallised and identical to natural mackinawite. The second way of synthesis has then been retained for this study. Otherwise, the alteration of the physical chemistry properties of the surface of mackinawite has been underlined, with the presence of both Fe(II) and Fe(III) bonded to sulphur. At last, the oxidation study has been complex, due to the simultaneous presence of several oxidation products which are greigite, elemental sulphur and iron (oxyhydr)oxides, magnetite and eventually goethite. Elemental sulphur and iron (oxyhydr)oxides are the final products of the reaction, from which a mechanism of mackinawite oxidation has been proposed. The second part of this work concerns the study of the mackinawite/chromium (VI) reactivity and has demonstrated the ability of mackinawite to remove chromium (VI) from solution. The elimination of chromium (VI) results from an oxidoreduction mechanism in solution, chromium (VI) interacting with iron (II) and sulphur species arising from the mackinawite dissolution. The structural analysis of the reaction products reveals the presence of residual mackinawite, greigite, goethite, elemental sulphur and a phase including iron, oxygen and chromium. A reaction mechanism of chromium (VI) reduction by mackinawite has been proposed. It seems that the precipitation of the reaction products is the limiting factor in the chromium (VI) reduction by mackinawite
Arlie, Natacha. "Réactivité de radicaux inorganiques, CO3 *- et Cl*/Cl2 *- en solution aqueuse." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973851.
Full textEl, masri Ahmad. "Étude cinétique et mécanistique de la réactivité des composés organophosphorés avec les photooxydants atmosphériques." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS026/document.
Full textThis thesis establishes the mechanism of heterogeneous degradation of chlorpyrifos (CLP) towards OH-radicals and ozone for CLP on quartz plaques and towards ozone for various contaminations of sand with CLP. The kinetic constants of the heterogeneous degradation are determined in a photo-chemical reactor coupled with a GC/MS. The chlorpyriphos-oxon (CLPO) and the trichloropyridinol (TCP) are the degradation products in the heterogeneous phase for different oxidizer and medium. The heterogeneous reactivity of CLPO towards ozone and OH-radicals are also studied. The results show that the OH-radicals constitute the main pathway of heterogeneous degradation of the CLP and that the CLPO is more persistent than the CLP. The CLPO can be transported far from its point of application. The heterogeneous ozonolysis of the CLP on sand shows that the kinetics are dependent of the contamination in CLP with an exponential behavior.The mechanism established from the analysis of products detected in the condensed phase plans the formation of small organophosphate molecules transferred in the gas phase. We studied the reactivity of two volatile organophosphate molecules the O,O,O-triethylphosphate (TEP) and the O,O-diethylethylphosphonate (DEEP) towards OH-radicals and towards the atomic chlorine in gas phase as a function of the temperature. The TEP and the DEEP present rate constants above 10-10 cm3.molecule-1.s-1. These molecules thus quickly degrade in the atmosphere and are source of a local photochemical pollution.Finally, to complete the degradation pattern of the CLP, its gas phase UV spectra is measured and its constant of photolysis is determined to 1,8 10-5 s-1, involving a photolysis life time of around 16 hours