Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pesticides Chemistry

Academic literature on the topic 'Pesticides Chemistry'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pesticides Chemistry"

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Zowada, Christian, Nadja Frerichs, Vânia Gomes Zuin, and Ingo Eilks. "Developing a lesson plan on conventional and green pesticides in chemistry education – a project of participatory action research." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 21, no. 1 (2020): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9rp00128j.

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The debate on the use of pesticides is very current in the public media when it comes to topics such as organic farming, bee mortality, and the use of glyphosate. The broad range of pesticide applications and their potential environmental impact makes pesticides an interesting topic for science education in general and for chemistry teaching in particular. This is particularly true when conventional pesticide use is contrasted with current chemistry research efforts to develop alternatives based on the ideas of green chemistry. This paper discusses the potential relevance of pesticides for chemistry education in connection with education for sustainable development. It gives a brief outlook on pesticides in science teaching and connects the topic to socio-scientific issue-based chemistry education. A case study which developed a lesson plan for secondary school students is presented here. It defines pesticides, before focusing on the development of green pesticides as potential alternatives to current products. The lesson is focusing learning about chemistry rather than learning of chemistry in the means that the lesson introduces quite young chemistry learners (age range 15–17) to ideas of green and sustainable chemistry and how green alternatives in chemistry can be assessed and compared to traditional alternatives. Video vignettes of a scientist are used to introduce the topic to students. Finally, both glyphosate as a conventional, industrial pesticide and orange oil as an example of a green pesticide are compared using spider chart diagrams. The lesson plan was cyclically designed by a group of ten chemistry teachers using participatory action research. It was piloted with the help of secondary school chemistry student teachers and then tested in five German secondary school classes (grades 10/11). The use of the spider charts was regarded as especially helpful by the learners, most of whom felt that they had been able to understand the controversy surrounding pesticides.
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Collier, Richard H. "Pesticide Formulations: Microbial Pesticides." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 73, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/73.1.85a.

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Jackson, Edwin R. "Pesticide Formulations: Organothiophosphorus Pesticides." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 2 (March 1, 1986): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.2.227.

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Jackson, Edwin R. "Pesticide Formulations: Organothiophosphorus Pesticides." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 2 (March 1, 1987): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.2.266a.

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Santosh P., Supanekar, and Muniv Yojana S. "Sustainable Management of Pesticides." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 02 (2022): 827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i02.100.

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Pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest (insects, mites, nematodes, weeds, rats, etc.), including insecticide, herbicide, fungicide etc. used to control pests and to safeguard public health. Use of pesticide has secured the food production and enhanced the amount of produce. Once the pesticide enters in contact with the environment, its fate is determined by several natural processes (adsorption, degradation, erosion and leaching to groundwater). Of the total pesticides applied in agriculture, about 1-10% reach to the target plant, about 30% is lost in atmosphere, nearly 1-5% is lost due to runoff/surface erosion and roughly 1% is lost by leaching. Pesticides applied in the soil leaches up to 50 -100 %. Pesticide management reduces contamination of water from pesticides and foster effective and safe use of pesticides without causing degradation to the environment. This study provides an overview of pesticides on recent developments in sustainable management on strategies, practices and their effectiveness, core elements, principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and bio-pesticides in crop protection. This study recommends that during application of pesticides, guidelines approved by FAO and WHO (2014), from production to disposal of pesticides in the 'International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management' (4th version) should be strictly followed by government regulators, the private sector, civil society as a best practice in managing pesticides throughout their lifecycle.
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Stephenson, Gerald R., Ian G. Ferris, Patrick T. Holland, and Monica Nordberg. "Glossary of terms relating to pesticides (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 11 (January 1, 2006): 2075–154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678112075.

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The glossary contains definitions of more than 500 terms frequently used in relation to the chemistry, mode of action, regulation, and use of pesticides. A wide range of disciplines is involved in this field, and the glossary was developed as a step in facilitating communication among researchers, government regulatory authorities, and chemists in associated professional areas. The range of terms relates to pesticide residue analysis, sampling for analysis, good laboratory practice, metabolism, environmental fate, effects on ecosystems, computer simulation models, toxicology, and risk assessment. The number of important, "pesticide-related" terms has more than doubled since 1996, when the first IUPAC glossary of this type was developed, an indication of how this field has become so integrated with many other scientific and regulatory disciplines.
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Ganaie, M. Imran, Ishrat Jan, Afshan Nabi Mayer, Alamgir A. Dar, Ishtiaq A. Mayer, Pervez Ahmed, and Javid A. Sofi. "Health Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water of Upper Jhelum Region in Kashmir Valley-India by GC-MS/MS." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2023 (January 27, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6802782.

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Globally growing demand for agricultural and farm foods has more or less become dependent on chemical pesticides to maintain the supply chain, which undoubtedly boosts agricultural production. However, pesticides not only impact the target pests but cause hazard to human health. Pesticides are ubiquitous and can be found in almost every component of the environment. They can therefore impair human and biota health when present over the threshold level. The present study assessed the concentration of commonly used pesticides for agricultural purposes but get mixed in different sources of water, as such fifteen sampling sites along the upper Jhelum basin of Kashmir valley were chosen. For the analysis, 60 water samples were obtained from different water sources. Gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used to determine pesticide residues in water samples. Pesticide residues from 10 of the 26 commonly used pesticides were detected in water samples. Difenoconazole had the highest concentration among the pesticides detected, with a mean concentration of 0.412 ± 0.424 μg/L ranging from 0.0 μg/L to 0.8196 μg/L. The target hazards quotient (THQ) was used to quantify the possible noncarcinogenic health risks associated with drinking pesticide-contaminated water. Only chlorpyrifos and quinalphos were detected >1 in RWS3 (1.6571), RWS4 (1.0285), RWS14 (1.2571), and RWS15 (1.2000) sample sites, implying that the drinking water poses a health risk to humans. Hence, pesticide hazards should be mitigated and rigorous monitoring is needed to reduce pesticide residues in drinking water.
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Ram, Meena Asha. "Route of Exposure and Impact of Pesticides Pollution on Human Health and Aquatic Ecosystem." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 02 (2022): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i02.012.

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Pesticides have been found in aquatic ecosystems such as groundwater, lakes, rivers and oceans through clogged storm drains, improper disposal, unplanned discharges and accidental spills. Pesticide exposure results in a variety of abnormalities in the human body, including mutagenic or genotoxic impacts. Pesticide-exposed organisms exhibit a wide range of developmental abnormalities, including genital deformities. Herbicides have a direct negative impact on the population size of primary producer. Pesticides accumulate in rivers and fresh water because of the high concentration of pesticides in the agricultural environment. Toxicants produced by humans have been identified as a severe threat to freshwater ecosystems. Pesticide use has led to the drastic decline of the populations of certain fish species. Insecticides, herbicides and fungicides have all been associated with a decrease in several animal species. Pesticides accumulate in the bodies of fish and have an impact on human health as a result of biological cycling and bio-magnification. Not only can pesticides affect fish, but they can also affect the food webs that support them. Pesticides enter the human body through a variety of ways, including the food chain, air, soil, water, flora and fauna and the environment. In pesticide applicators, farmers and farm workers in general, abnormalities and illnesses of the skin have been documented
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Bruckmann, Franciele S., Carlos Schnorr, Leandro R. Oviedo, Salah Knani, Luis F. O. Silva, William L. Silva, Guilherme L. Dotto, and Cristiano R. Bohn Rhoden. "Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Pesticides into Nanocomposites: A Review." Molecules 27, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 6261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196261.

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The extensive use of pesticides in agriculture has significantly impacted the environment and human health, as these pollutants are inadequately disposed of into water bodies. In addition, pesticides can cause adverse effects on humans and aquatic animals due to their incomplete removal from the aqueous medium by conventional wastewater treatments. Therefore, processes such as heterogeneous photocatalysis and adsorption by nanocomposites have received special attention in the scientific community due to their unique properties and ability to degrade and remove several organic pollutants, including pesticides. This report reviews the use of nanocomposites in pesticide adsorption and photocatalytic degradation from aqueous solutions. A bibliographic search was performed using the ScienceDirect, American Chemical Society (ACS), and Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) indexes, using Boolean logic and the following descriptors: “pesticide degradation” AND “photocatalysis” AND “nanocomposites”; “nanocomposites” AND “pesticides” AND “adsorption”. The search was limited to research article documents in the last ten years (from January 2012 to June 2022). The results made it possible to verify that the most dangerous pesticides are not the most commonly degraded/removed from wastewater. At the same time, the potential of the supported nanocatalysts and nanoadsorbents in the decontamination of wastewater-containing pesticides is confirmed once they present reduced bandgap energy, which occurs over a wide range of wavelengths. Moreover, due to the great affinity of the supported nanocatalysts with pesticides, better charge separation, high removal, and degradation values are reported for these organic compounds. Thus, the class of the nanocomposites investigated in this work, magnetic or not, can be characterized as suitable nanomaterials with potential and unique properties useful in heterogeneous photocatalysts and the adsorption of pesticides.
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Liu, Jiangyu, Xinyu Guo, Yong Xu, and Xuemin Wu. "Spreading of Oil Droplets Containing Surfactants and Pesticides on Water Surface Based on the Marangoni Effect." Molecules 26, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051408.

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Oil droplets containing surfactants and pesticides are expected to spread on a water surface, under the Marangoni effect, depending on the surfactant. Pesticides are transported into water through this phenomenon. A high-speed video camera was used to measure the movement of Marangoni ridges. Gas chromatography with an electron capture detector was used to analyze the concentration of the pesticide in water at different times. Oil droplets containing the surfactant and pesticide spread quickly on the water surface by Marangoni flow, forming an oil film and promoting emulsification of the oil–water interface, which enabled even transport of the pesticide into water, where it was then absorbed by weeds. Surfactants can decrease the surface tension of the water subphase after deposition, thereby enhancing the Marangoni effect in pesticide-containing oil droplets. The time and labor required for applying pesticides in rice fields can be greatly reduced by using the Marangoni effect to transport pesticides to the target.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pesticides Chemistry"

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Soares, V. M. "Studies on the residue chemistry of some organophosphorus pesticides." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377904.

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Zamariola, Nathalie [UNESP]. "Resíduos de pesticidas em tecido adiposo associado a órgãos reprodutivos: validação de método analítico e aplicação a animais de experimentação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97813.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-11-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:59:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zamariola_n_me_araiq_parcial.pdf: 202304 bytes, checksum: baf1ade8777cf9a8c8c71cec7991c0da (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-02-04T11:39:23Z: zamariola_n_me_araiq_parcial.pdf,Bitstream added on 2015-02-04T11:40:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000691562.pdf: 2454617 bytes, checksum: 52dd8fbd4c9505bde0982bd8ee28522f (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os pesticidas, quando utilizados de forma adequada, protegem as culturas agrícolas contra danos excessivos causados por pragas e doenças. No entanto, segundo a ANVISA, aproximadamente 29% dos alimentos hortifrutícolas consumidos pela população brasileira apresenta alguma irregularidade quanto aos níveis de resíduos de pesticidas, indicando um uso abusivo e indiscriminado. Tendo em vista a preocupação com a saúde humana, foi proposto um estudo com animais de experimentação (ratos Lewis, Wistar e Sprague-Dawley) para avaliar os efeitos da exposição a misturas de pesticidas em baixas doses, simulando o que ocorre com humanos. Para isso foram escolhidos os pesticidas dicofol, dieldrin, endossulfam e permetrina, que foram encontrados em amostras de alimentos de origem vegetal, coletadas em diversas regiões do país pelo Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos em Alimentos (PARA) da ANVISA. Dentre os efeitos estudados está a alteração endócrina em fêmeas, que pode afetar o sistema reprodutivo, e como estas moléculas apresentam bioacumulação, o tecido alvo é o adiposo. Considerando-se as baixas concentrações previstas para os analitos, a complexidade da matriz (45% de lipídios) e a pequena massa de amostra disponível (cerca de 2 g por animal), houve a necessidade de desenvolver um método que apresentasse confiabilidade para aplicação a este estudo. O método desenvolvido para extração dos analitos é uma modificação do método QuEChERS. O método consiste basicamente de extração com acetonitrila e posterior extração em fase sólida dispersiva (d-SPE) com PSA e C18. Na avaliação da confiabilidade analítica do método foram incluídos os seguintes parâmetros: seletividade, linearidade, sensibilidade limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, exatidão, precisão e efeito matriz. Todas as amostras...
Os pesticidas, quando utilizados de forma adequada, protegem as culturas agrícolas contra danos excessivos causados por pragas e doenças. No entanto, segundo a ANVISA, aproximadamente 29% dos alimentos hortifrutícolas consumidos pela população brasileira apresenta alguma irregularidade quanto aos níveis de resíduos de pesticidas, indicando um uso abusivo e indiscriminado. Tendo em vista a preocupação com a saúde humana, foi proposto um estudo com animais de experimentação (ratos Lewis, Wistar e Sprague-Dawley) para avaliar os efeitos da exposição a misturas de pesticidas em baixas doses, simulando o que ocorre com humanos. Para isso foram escolhidos os pesticidas dicofol, dieldrin, endossulfam e permetrina, que foram encontrados em amostras de alimentos de origem vegetal, coletadas em diversas regiões do país pelo Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos em Alimentos (PARA) da ANVISA. Dentre os efeitos estudados está a alteração endócrina em fêmeas, que pode afetar o sistema reprodutivo, e como estas moléculas apresentam bioacumulação, o tecido alvo é o adiposo. Considerando-se as baixas concentrações previstas para os analitos, a complexidade da matriz (45% de lipídios) e a pequena massa de amostra disponível (cerca de 2 g por animal), houve a necessidade de desenvolver um método que apresentasse confiabilidade para aplicação a este estudo. O método desenvolvido para extração dos analitos é uma modificação do método QuEChERS. O método consiste basicamente de extração com acetonitrila e posterior extração em fase sólida dispersiva (d-SPE) com PSA e C18. Na avaliação da confiabilidade analítica do método foram incluídos os seguintes parâmetros: seletividade, linearidade, sensibilidade limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, exatidão, precisão e efeito matriz. Todas as amostras... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Gamboa, Nadia. "DDT, a historical review." Revista de Química, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100129.

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El DDT está íntimamente vinculado al siglo XX.  Su producción, uso y comercialización están prohibidos por ser un contaminante organoclorado persistente controlado por el Convenio de Estocolmo.
DDT is closely linked to the twentieth century.  Its production, use and marketing are now banned because it is a persistent organochlorine pollutant controlled by the Stockholm Convention.
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Carbo, Leandro [UNESP]. "Ação mitigadora de faixa de contenção em lavouras de algodão sobre a contaminação de recursos hídricos superficiais por resíduos de pesticidas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105703.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:07:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carbo_l_dr_araiq.pdf: 633886 bytes, checksum: 05cfd17daa457d9990ae24b917be8bf2 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A contaminação de corpos d'água por pesticidas pode representar uma ameaça significativa para os ecossistemas aquáticos e recursos de água potável. Além das perdas de água e solo, os pesticidas merecem destaque, uma vez que são aplicados na agricultura para atender às necessidades de controlar as populações de pragas e doenças que atacam culturas de interesse agronômico. Quando aplicados, estes compostos podem rapidamente adsorver-se às partículas do solo, e dentre outros fenômenos de transportes, contaminarem os recursos hídricos superficiais por escoamento superficial. Neste sentido, boas práticas de conservação agrícola têm sido recomendadas para reduzir os riscos de contaminação ambiental, dentre elas, tem sido descrito na literatura o uso de faixas de vegetação próximas às margens de rios e córregos de maneira a diminuir a velocidade do escoamento e, conseqüentemente, o transporte de pesticidas para o ambiente aquático. Desta forma, neste trabalho foi avaliada a ação mitigadora de uma faixa de vegetação em lavouras de algodão sobre a contaminação de recursos hídricos superficiais por resíduos de pesticidas. O estudo do efeito da faixa de contenção foi desenvolvido em uma propriedade cotonícola às margens do Córrego Chico Nunes, região de Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso. Foram delimitadas duas parcelas experimentais numa vertente, sendo uma de 10 metros do capim Brachiaria decumbes, como faixa de contenção. No final de cada parcela, foram instalados coletores de escoamento superficial (água e sedimento), que eram transportados para caixas menores, no qual foi determinada a quantidade de água e solo perdidos, e coletadas três amostras representativas para análise dos resíduos de pesticidas aplicados na lavoura de algodão (metomil, carbofurano, diurom, malationa, metolacloro e endosulfam total)...
The contamination of water bodies by pesticides can pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and drinking water resources. In addition to the loss of water and soil, pesticides are worth mentioning, since they are applied to control the population of pests and diseases in cropping areas. When applied, pesticides can rapidly be adsorbed to soil particles or contaminate surface water by runoff processes. In this way, good agricultural conservation practices have been recommended to reduce the risk of environmental contamination, as for example, the use of vegetative filter strip near to the banks of the rivers and streams in order to reduce the water flow and the transport of pesticides to the aquatic environment. Thus, this study evaluated the mitigation action of a vegetation filter strip in cotton crops on the contamination of surface water resources by pesticides. The buffer zone study was developed in a private property near of Chico Nunes Creek banks, region of Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso. We delimited two plots (40 m long x 10 m wide) on a slope, one comprising of 10 meters of Brachiaria decumbes as a vegetative filter strip. At the end of each plot, runoff collectors (water and sediment) were installed, that were transported to smaller boxes where the amount of water and soil losses were determined. Three representative samples were collected for the analysis of residues of pesticides used in farming cotton (methomyl, carbofuran, diuron, malathion, metolachlor and total endosulfan). The study of the buffer zone efficiency was performed in two periods, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 season, to check the behavior between application and detection of pesticides in the plots. Water samples and sediment were collected when natural rainfall events occurred in sufficient quantity to cause runoff. The sampling in 2005/2006 period was made between... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Zamariola, Nathalie. "Resíduos de pesticidas em tecido adiposo associado a órgãos reprodutivos : validação de método analítico e aplicação a animais de experimentação /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97813.

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Orientador: Mary Rosa Rodrigues de Marchi
Banca: Silvia Helena Govoni Brondi
Banca: Maria Eliana Lopes Ribeiro de Queiroz
Resumo: Os pesticidas, quando utilizados de forma adequada, protegem as culturas agrícolas contra danos excessivos causados por pragas e doenças. No entanto, segundo a ANVISA, aproximadamente 29% dos alimentos hortifrutícolas consumidos pela população brasileira apresenta alguma irregularidade quanto aos níveis de resíduos de pesticidas, indicando um uso abusivo e indiscriminado. Tendo em vista a preocupação com a saúde humana, foi proposto um estudo com animais de experimentação (ratos Lewis, Wistar e Sprague-Dawley) para avaliar os efeitos da exposição a misturas de pesticidas em baixas doses, simulando o que ocorre com humanos. Para isso foram escolhidos os pesticidas dicofol, dieldrin, endossulfam e permetrina, que foram encontrados em amostras de alimentos de origem vegetal, coletadas em diversas regiões do país pelo Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos em Alimentos (PARA) da ANVISA. Dentre os efeitos estudados está a alteração endócrina em fêmeas, que pode afetar o sistema reprodutivo, e como estas moléculas apresentam bioacumulação, o tecido alvo é o adiposo. Considerando-se as baixas concentrações previstas para os analitos, a complexidade da matriz (45% de lipídios) e a pequena massa de amostra disponível (cerca de 2 g por animal), houve a necessidade de desenvolver um método que apresentasse confiabilidade para aplicação a este estudo. O método desenvolvido para extração dos analitos é uma modificação do método QuEChERS. O método consiste basicamente de extração com acetonitrila e posterior extração em fase sólida dispersiva (d-SPE) com PSA e C18. Na avaliação da confiabilidade analítica do método foram incluídos os seguintes parâmetros: seletividade, linearidade, sensibilidade limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, exatidão, precisão e efeito matriz. Todas as amostras... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Os pesticidas, quando utilizados de forma adequada, protegem as culturas agrícolas contra danos excessivos causados por pragas e doenças. No entanto, segundo a ANVISA, aproximadamente 29% dos alimentos hortifrutícolas consumidos pela população brasileira apresenta alguma irregularidade quanto aos níveis de resíduos de pesticidas, indicando um uso abusivo e indiscriminado. Tendo em vista a preocupação com a saúde humana, foi proposto um estudo com animais de experimentação (ratos Lewis, Wistar e Sprague-Dawley) para avaliar os efeitos da exposição a misturas de pesticidas em baixas doses, simulando o que ocorre com humanos. Para isso foram escolhidos os pesticidas dicofol, dieldrin, endossulfam e permetrina, que foram encontrados em amostras de alimentos de origem vegetal, coletadas em diversas regiões do país pelo Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos em Alimentos (PARA) da ANVISA. Dentre os efeitos estudados está a alteração endócrina em fêmeas, que pode afetar o sistema reprodutivo, e como estas moléculas apresentam bioacumulação, o tecido alvo é o adiposo. Considerando-se as baixas concentrações previstas para os analitos, a complexidade da matriz (45% de lipídios) e a pequena massa de amostra disponível (cerca de 2 g por animal), houve a necessidade de desenvolver um método que apresentasse confiabilidade para aplicação a este estudo. O método desenvolvido para extração dos analitos é uma modificação do método QuEChERS. O método consiste basicamente de extração com acetonitrila e posterior extração em fase sólida dispersiva (d-SPE) com PSA e C18. Na avaliação da confiabilidade analítica do método foram incluídos os seguintes parâmetros: seletividade, linearidade, sensibilidade limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, exatidão, precisão e efeito matriz. Todas as amostras... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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6

Gulamussen, Noor Jehan. "Electrospun sorbents for solid phase extraction (SPE) and colorimetric detection of pesticides." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013241.

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The thesis presents the evaluation of polysulfone sorbents for solid phase extraction (SPE) and the development of colorimetric probes for pesticides analysis in water. Through electrospraying and electrospinning techniques, different morphologies of sorbents (particles, beaded fibers and bead-free fibers) were fabricated. The sorbents were morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Adsorption capacities of sorbents were evaluated by conducting recoveries studies for model pesticides; atrazine, chlorpyrifos and DDT using batch and column SPE modes. Better recovery results were achieved by employing the batch mode of fibers, as values ranged from 98 to 105percent. Further sorbent evaluation was conducted using breakthrough experiments and static experiments. The breakthrough studies indicated that 1700 μL was the sample volume that could be percolated with no breakthrough of the analyte that correspond to a concentration of 150 mg/g of sorbent that can be extracted without any loss of analyte. From static studies, quantities of each model compound adsorbed into the fiber at the equilibrium time were evaluated. The adsorbed atrazine was 65, chlorpyrifos 250 and DDT 400 mg/g of sorbent. Kinetic studies suggested retention mechanism following pseudo first and second order model observed by high correlation coefficients (> 0. 96), demonstrating the fiber affinity to retain both polar and non-polar compounds opening a possibility to be used as sorbent for sample preparation of different classes of pesticides in water. For the second part of the study simple strategies for colorimetric sensing based on silver nanoparticles and polivinylpyrrolidone capped nanoparticles were developed, respectively for atrazine and chlorpyrifos detection. The limits of detection of the methods were 3.32 and 0.88 mg/L for atrazine and chlorpyrifos respectively. The applicability of the probe in real samples was demonstrated by the recoveries studies of tap water varying from 94 to 104 percent. The versatility of the probe was demonstrated by affording a simple, rapid and selective detection of atrazine and chlorpyrifos in the presence of other pesticides by direct analysis without employing any sample handling steps. Attempt to incorporate the probes in a solid support was achieved by using nylon 6 as solid support polymer proving to be fast and useful for on-site detection.
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Wilkins, John Patrick Gordon. "The analysis of pesticides & related compounds using mass spectrometry." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/83140/.

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The determination of pesticides and related materials in food and environmental samples is important and presents an enduring challenge to analytical chemists. For practicality it is important that as many pesticides as possible are compared using a common technique. Mass spectrometry is the method of choice for multi-residue detection techniques, because of its sensitivity and specificity. This thesis comprises a detailed analysis and critical review of the mass spectrometric behaviour of over 600 commonly encountered pesticides and related compounds. The work described in this thesis was undertaken in two tranches, one old and one new. The former experimental work was performed during the author’s employment at the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food (Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK) and at Unilever Research (Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK). The data helped underpin the analytical work of the UK national pesticide residues monitoring surveillance team and the pesticide formulations safety team. Qualitative and quantitative aspects were both important, e.g. for identification and characterisation of active ingredients, contaminants and degradation products in technical pesticide formulations, as well as unambiguous detection and/or confirmation of residue levels in UK fruit and vegetables. The latter experimental work was undertaken recently (2015) at the Cardiff School of Chemistry during the preparation of this thesis. The newly acquired data helped confirm the validity and robustness of the original data, and helped to better understand them. Understanding the complex and sometimes unexpected behaviour of molecules during their extraction/analysis is essential, especially when performing trace analysis at the parts per billion level. Rationalisation of the mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways of these compounds was undertaken in order to better understand the fundamental processes taking place in the mass spectrometer. This improved understanding was essential in order to ensure the quality and validity of the data generated using these techniques. For comparison, some additional data are included, e.g. for chemical warfare agents, using literature data. Mass spectrometry was chosen because of its power as an analytical technique. General approaches and specific precautions which should be taken when using mass spectrometry for pesticide analysis are discussed and explained in this document and literature data were critically reviewed. It is hoped that these data and recommendations will find continued and future use as an adjunct to the plethora of literature data and MS instrument manufacturer databases.
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Kuklenyik, Peter. "Detection and Quantification of Organophosphate Pesticides in Human Serum." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/45.

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The United States Environmental Agency permits the use of 39 organophosphate pesticides. Many of these pesticides are acutely toxic and have lasting effect on human health. Organophosphates quickly metabolize in the body, therefore currently human exposure is studied by measuring the metabolic products in urine. In this work a suite of analytical methods was developed to determine the presence of un-metabolized organophosphate pesticides in human serum. First mass spectroscopic detection methods were evaluated. Gas chromatograph coupled tandem mass spectrometer was used to compare the detection limits using chemical and electron impact ionization. Positive chemical ionization was selected, because it provided better detection limits for this set of analytes. Liquid chromatograph coupled tandem mass spectrometry was also evaluated and was found advantageous over the gas chromatographic method for approximately 50% of the compounds. Positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization was chosen for this group of compounds. Once the analytes were separated by detection methods, analytical separation methods were compared: column and eluent was selected for liquid chromatography, column alone was selected for gas chromatography. Last step of the method development was to produce a suitable sample cleanup process. Solid phase extraction was not suitable because the very wide range of solubility characteristics and hydrolytic stability of the analytes. Lyophilization, liquid-liquid extraction methods were tested and compared. A multi step cleanup method was produced, which starts with liquid-liquid extraction using high pressure ethyl acetate in accelerated solvent extractor, solvent exchange and a lipid removal step. The concentrated extract then injected in a HPLC-MS-MS system then the same extract either directly injected in GC-MS-MS or further purified using headspace solid phase micro extraction before the GC-NS-MS step. The method was used with good results for analyzing samples collected from farm workers using OP pesticides.
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9

Amato, Sam J. "Enantiomeric Ratios as Tracers of Soil-Air Exchange for Organochlorine Pesticides." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu999015207.

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Grittini, Carina. "Rapid reductive dechlorination of environmentally hazardous aromatic compounds and pesticides." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282335.

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Organochlorine compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pentachlorophenol (PCP), p,p'-DDE and Toxaphene, have been widely used in industry and agriculture for more than fifty years. Although they have served their purpose very effectively and at low cost, many of these compounds have been banned in the United States due to their persistence in the environment and their threat to human health. Their natural resistance to degradation has made organochlorine compounds the target of many studies that have been designed to convert them into less toxic compounds. At present there is not a single, simple method than can completely dechlorinate PCBs, PCP, p,p'-DDE and Toxaphene. The work presented here reports the use of a novel bimetallic system, palladized iron (Pd/Fe), to effect the complete dechlorination of these compounds, at ambient temperature and pressure, in a matter of minutes. The dechlorination reaction occurs on the surface of the palladized iron, with removal of all the chlorine atoms from the chlorinated compound and yields the completely dechlorinated molecule and chloride ions as reaction products. The chlorinated compound is reductively dechlorinated while the iron particles are oxidized to Fe²⁺ Water is also reduced in the presence of iron, generating hydrogen, which is collected in the palladium lattice. The palladium is therefore necessary to store hydrogen gas; the "Pd·H₂" acts as a powerful reducing agent and is primarily responsible for the rapid and complete dechlorination of the organochlorine compounds. The Pd/Fe bimetallic system is potentially useful for the large scale remediation of groundwater or soil contaminated with organochlorine compounds. Palladized iron is relatively inexpensive and easy to prepare, and it rapidly and completely dechlorinates organochlorine compounds. For these reasons, the Pd/Fe system should be investigated further for applications in the field.
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Books on the topic "Pesticides Chemistry"

1

György, Matolcsy. Pesticide chemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.

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H, Frehse, ed. Pesticide chemistry: Advances in international research, development, and legislation : proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry (IUPAC), Hamburg, 1990. Weinheim: VCH Publishers, 1991.

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1938-, Ragsdale Nancy N., Kearney P. C. 1932-, Plimmer Jack R. 1927-, American Chemical Society, and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry., eds. Eighth International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry: Options 2000 : proceedings of a conference. Washington, DC: The Society, 1994.

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T, Brooks G., Roberts T. R. 1943-, and Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), eds. Pesticide chemistry and bioscience: The food-environment challenge. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999.

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M, Joy Robert, ed. Pesticides and neurological diseases. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1994.

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F, Führ, Ophoff Holger, and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Senatskommission zur Beurteilung von Stoffen in der Landwirtschaft., eds. Pesticide bound residues in soil : workshop, September 3rd-4th, 1996. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 1998.

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1941-, Best Gerald A., Ruthven Douglas, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain). Analytical Division., and Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain). Annual Chemical Congress, eds. Pesticides: Developments, impacts, and controls. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1995.

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Great Britain. Standing Committee of Analysts., ed. Organophosphorus pesticides in sewage sludge ; Organophosphorus pesticides in river and drinking water: An addition, 1985. London: H.M.S.O., 1986.

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International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry (6th 1986 Ottawa). Pesticide science and biotechnology: Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry held in Ottawa, Canada, 10-15 August 1986. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1987.

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Tadeo, Jose L. Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples. London: Taylor and Francis, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pesticides Chemistry"

1

Chenier, Philip J. "Pesticides." In Survey of Industrial Chemistry, 361–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0603-4_20.

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Vijayan, Nimisha P., Haridas Madathilkovilakathu, and Sabu Abdulhameed. "Biodegradation of Pesticides." In Green Chemistry and Applications, 215–31. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429291166-12.

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Wallnöfer, Peter R., and Gabriele Engelhardt. "Microbial Degradation of Pesticides." In Chemistry of Plant Protection, 1–115. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69793-7_1.

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de Carvalho Dores, Eliana Freire Gaspar. "Pesticides in the Pantanal." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 179–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2015_356.

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Bahadir, M., and G. Pfister. "Controlled Release Formulations of Pesticides." In Chemistry of Plant Protection, 1–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46674-8_1.

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Fleck, Elmer E. "Chemistry of Insecticides." In Pesticides and Their Effects on Soils and Water, 18–24. Madison, Wis: Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub8.c3.

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Freed, Virgil H. "Chemistry of Herbicides." In Pesticides and Their Effects on Soils and Water, 25–43. Madison, Wis: Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub8.c4.

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Rich, Saul. "Chemistry of Fungicides." In Pesticides and Their Effects on Soils and Water, 44–48. Madison, Wis: Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub8.c5.

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Khan, Mohammed A. Q. "Biochemical Effects of Pesticides on Mammals." In Chemistry of Plant Protection, 109–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46674-8_3.

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Matthess, Georg. "Fate of Pesticides in Aquatic Environments." In Chemistry of Plant Protection, 191–246. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79104-8_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pesticides Chemistry"

1

Al-Taai, Suaad Hadi Hassan. "Pesticides and their impact on environmental pollution." In International Conference of Chemistry and Petrochemical Techniques (ICCPT). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093363.

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Rouberty, F., and J. Fournier. "Modelization and optimization of organic pesticides chromatographic partition by a design of experiments methodology." In The first European conference on computational chemistry (E.C.C.C.1). AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47703.

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Noelia Marcela, CEBALLOS, Guido Noé RIMONDINO, Fabio MALANCA, and Walter José PELÁEZ. "PYROLYSIS OF SOYBEAN WASTE: A ROUTE TO ACTIVATED CARBON FOR FUNGICIDE CHLOROTHALONIL CAPTURE." In SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021 INTERNATIONAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE. DR. D. SCIENTIFIC CONSULTING, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.21scon.35_abstract_ceballos.pdf.

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Soybean residues were transformed through static pyrolysis carried out at temperatures between 250 °C and 350 °C. The gaseous fraction analysis showed that the gases emanated in the pyrolysis are mainly CO2 and CO. Furthermore, it was proved that this methodology constitutes a simple way to obtain useful carbons for the capture of pesticides present in an aqueous matrix. For example, the concentration of Chlorothalonil in a 7:3 water: acetonitrile solution decreases by 76-77 % through adsorption on the carbons obtained.
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Ramadhaningtyas, Dillani Putri, and Nurhani Aryana. "Method development for determination of trace organochlorine pesticides residues in a water matrix by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) method." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5134618.

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Ducrot, P., A. Bala, R. Delorme, A. Kollmann, L. Kerhoas, J. Einhorn, and D. Augé. "Isolation and Pesticide Activity of Daphnanes of Lasiosiphon Kraussianus." In The 4th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-4-01895.

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Wang, D., J. Z. Zhao, and D. Liang. "GC/MS Method for Detecting 8 Kinds of Pesticide Residues in Organic Vegetables." In International Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Protection 2015. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/meep-15.2016.35.

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Putri, Dillani, Nurhani Aryana, Yosi Aristiawan, and Dyah Styarini. "Screening of the presence organophosphates and organochlorines pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED CHEMISTRY (ISAC) 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4973169.

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Chen, Hsi-Jen, Chiu-Hui Dai, and Chuan-Yau Chang. "Oxy-carbonylation reaction path synthesis and its conceptual process design for manufacturing the pesticide Carbaryl." In Annual International Conference on Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Chemical Process. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2301-3761_ccecp15.09.

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Asri, Mahanani Tri, Tarzan Purnomo, Yuliani Yuliani, Fida Rachmadiarti, and Evie Ratnasari. "Soil Physic and Chemistry Characteristics on Pesticide Application of Soybean Land in Jombang, Lamongan and Probolinggo." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icst-18.2018.17.

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Reports on the topic "Pesticides Chemistry"

1

Barnthouse, L. (Pesticide chemistry). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6643492.

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Alexander Grant, Alexander Grant. Aztec Chemistry: Understanding pesticide contamination in Xochimilco, Mexico. Experiment, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/5450.

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Stream-water chemistry, nutrients, and pesticides in Town Brook, a headwater stream of the Cannonsville Reservoir Watershed, Delaware County, New York, 1999. US Geological Survey, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri014050.

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