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Journal articles on the topic 'Pesticidal activity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Sun, Changjiao, Yan Wang, Xiang Zhao, Zhanghua Zeng, Bo Cui, Yue Shen, Fei Gao, and Haixin Cui. "Properties of Avermectin Delivery System Using Surfactant-Modified Mesoporous Activated Carbon as a Carrier." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3038902.

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The sensitivity of avermectin to several environmental factors, especially light, causes low pesticidal activity and environmental pollution. In this study, surfactant-modified mesoporous activated carbon (MAC) was employed to absorb avermectin (Av) in order to improve its photostability and allow for sustained release of avermectin. The results suggest that sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) modified MAC has excellent absorption of avermectin, and the absorption can be represented by the Langmuir isotherm model. The Av-MAC-SDS delivery system significantly improves sustained release of avermectin and also effectively inhibits the photodegradation of avermectin. These results indicate that SDS-modified MAC can be used as a carrier for avermectin to improve its pesticidal activity and reduce pesticide residues.

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2

Shunmugadevi, C., S. Anbu Radhika, and P. Palanisamy. "In silico and In vitro Tests of Phytocompounds Extracted from Leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng as Biopesticides Against Enzymes, Proteins and Selected Cell Lines of the Coleoptera Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775)." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 23 (November 15, 2023): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i233756.

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The majority of synthetic pesticides have negative consequences on both the environment and human health, making insect pest management a global economic and ecological disaster. Crude extracts of phytocompounds from Plectranthus amboinicus were tested for their pesticidal effects on a certain enzyme cell line. An in silico molecular docking analysis of phytocompounds showed that the enzymes Glutathione S-Transferase (7RKA), Mytocontrial (5H3F), Acetylcholinesterase (7QAK), GABA receptor (7WGT), and DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (6GO4) interacted strongly with the phytocompounds. Usnic acid showed higher in-silico biopesticidal activity against Callosobruchus maculatus when compared to reference pesticide Dichlorvos and Malathion. A silica gel column chromatographic technique with appropriate solvent extract has been used to isolate the highly active components of usnic acid. In vitro studies revealed that, after 96 hours, The Usnic acid mean observed mortality percentage is 49.6% (24hr), 64.8 (48hr), 74.8% (72hr) and 87.2% (96hr). causes the maximum toxicity of Callosobruchus maculatus compared to the reference pesticides Diclorvos (84.6% & LC50 value 6.65 mg/ml) and Malathion (92% & LC50 value 5.62 mg/ml). Usnic acid exhibits promise as a pesticidal agent when compared to the reference medications. Consequently, these specific chemicals might offer substitute therapies that augment the traditional applications of the plants that are being studied.

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Ayoub, Haytham A., Mohamed Khairy, Salaheldeen Elsaid, Farouk A. Rashwan, and Hanan F. Abdel-Hafez. "Pesticidal Activity of Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Generation of Alternative Pesticide Formulations." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66, no. 22 (May 14, 2018): 5491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01600.

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4

Treacy, M., T. Miller, B. Black, I. Gard, D. Hunt, and R. M. Hollingworth. "Uncoupling activity and pesticidal properties of pyrroles." Biochemical Society Transactions 22, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0220244.

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5

Přikrylová, V., G. V. Samoukina, N. V. Kandybin, L. Ujhelyiová, and Ŝ. Varkonda. "Pesticidal activity of virginiamycins S1 and M1." Folia Microbiologica 37, no. 5 (October 1992): 386–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02815668.

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6

Barathinivas, Ayyanar, Subramanian Ramya, Kooturan Neethirajan, Ramaraj Jayakumararaj, Chinnathambi Pothiraj, Paulraj Balaji, and Caterina Faggio. "Ecotoxicological Effects of Pesticides on Hematological Parameters and Oxidative Enzymes in Freshwater Catfish, Mystus keletius." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 9529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159529.

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Hematological parameters and changes in stress-induced functionalities of cellular enzymes have been recognized as valuable tools for monitoring fish health and determining the toxic effects of pesticides. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of selected pesticides viz., Ekalux (EC-25%), Impala (EC-55%), and Neemstar (EC-15%) on freshwater catfish Mystus keletius. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (mg/L) of the selected pesticide for a period of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Hematological parameters viz., total erythrocyte (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht) packed cell volume values decreased with an increase in exposure time to pesticides, whereas the values for parameters viz., leucocytes (WBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) increased significantly. A decrease in packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin values coupled with decreased and deformed erythrocytes as signs of anemia were also observed. The effect of pesticides on RBC content was 1.43 (million/mm3) on day 7 and reduced to 1.18 (million/mm3) on days 14 and 21. A similar trend was found for Impala on RBC, which had an initial value of 1.36 (million/mm3) on day 7 and reached a value of 1.10 (million/mm3) on day 28. In contrast, the value of Neemstar decreased from 1.59 (million/mm3) on day 7 in control to 1.02 (million/mm3) on day 28. Data indicates that the order of toxic effect of pesticides recorded a maximum for Impala followed by Ekalux and Neemstar in the selected fish model. Likewise, the overall pattern of pesticidal activity on cellular enzymes (GDH, MDH, and SDH) recorded a maximum toxic effect for Impala followed by Ekalux and Neemstar. Results indicate that Chlorpyrifos pesticide-Impala evoked maximum toxic effect on selected tissues compared to the other two pesticides tested. Statistical analysis of the summative data using two way ANOVA was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). The differences in the hematological parameters analyzed are attributed to the physiological acclimatization of the fish to the local conditions, which influences the energy metabolism and consequently determines the health status of the fish. Overall, Impala exhibited the highest pesticidal activity on cellular enzyme, followed by Ekalux and Neemstar. Results suggest that natural pesticides may be preferable for rice field application in terms of environmental safety.

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7

Kimutai Maiyo, Wilson, Phanice Wangila, Isaac KOwino, and Jacqueline Makatiani. "PESTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF ALOE SECUNDIFLORA,NICOTIANA TABACUM AND TEPROSIA VOGELII AGAINST FALL ARMYWORM (SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA)." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 09 (September 30, 2023): 388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17543.

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The fall armyworm (FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a recent invasive pest species that has successfully established across sub-Saharan Africa. Management of FAW in its native range in the Americas has led to the development of resistance to many commercial pesticides before its arrival in Africa. Synthetic pesticides are often associated with issues such as pest resistance, persistent residue, non-target toxicity, and environmental issues. Therefore, the research and development of novel, safe, and effective pesticides has become a focus in pesticide discovery. Pesticide use may therefore be ineffective for FAW control in Africa, so new and more sustainable approaches to pest management are required that can help reduce the impact of FAW pest. Pesticidal plants provide an effective and established approach to pest management in African smallholder farming and recent research has shown that their use can be cost-beneficial and sustainable. In this study, crude leave extracts of three plants aloe secundiflora, nicotiana tabacum and teprosia vogelii were evaluated against fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda). Two different concentrations, 30mg/L and 15mg/L were evaluated in this study against second instar FAW larvae and eggs. The results indicated that these leave extracts caused a larval and egg mortalities of different levels. On average leave extracts of aloe secundiflora, teprosia vogelii and nicotiana tabacum caused larval mortalities of 80%, 63.33% and 93.33% respectively for 30mg/L concentrations while the average larval mortalities for aloe secundiflora, teprosia vogelii and nicotiana tabacum were 26.67%, 33.33% and 80.0% respectively for the 15mg/L concentrations. The egg mortalities were relatively low compared to larval mortalities for the two concentrations used in this study. On average the leave extracts of aloe secundiflora, teprosia vogelii and nicotiana tabacum caused the egg mortalities of 16.67%, 13.33% and 43.33% respectively when 30mg/L were used while the average egg mortalities for aloe secundiflora, teprosia vogelii and nicotiana tabacum were 3.33%, 0.0% and 26.67% respectively for the 15mg/L concentrations. It follows that nicotiana tabacum showed high larval and egg mortalities for both concentrations compared to the other two leave extracts and therefore good pesticide for the control FAW larvae and eggs.

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Nagarkoti, Kirti, Om Prakash, Avneesh Rawat, Tanuja Kabdal, Ravendra Kumar, Ravi Mohan Srivastava, Satya Kumar, and Dharmendra Singh Rawat. "Chemo-profiling of methanolic and ether oleoresins of Salvia coccinea and in vitro pesticidal evaluation with in silico molecular docking and ADME/Tox studies." European Journal of Chemistry 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.14.2.211-222.2416.

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The objective of the present study was to examine the chemical compositions of Salvia coccinea oleoresins prepared in methanol and petroleum ether. GC-MS analysis of Salvia coccinea methanolic oleoresin (SCMO) and Salvia coccinea ether oleoresin (SCEO) resulted in the identification of 15 and 12 constituents, comprising 84.7 and 81.2% of the total composition, respectively. Both SCMO and SCEO varied in their chemical composition in terms of quantity, namely, oleic acid (22.3-25.9%), palmitic acid (8.9-8.4%), stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one (3.4-11.8%), stigmasterol acetate (3.5-5.3%), neophytadiene (4.8-1.7%), phytol (1.6-7.8%) and phthalic acid (2.1-3.1%). In addition to the qualitative differences between SCMO and SCEO concomitantly, both oleoresins were examined for their pesticidal activities. Oleoresins demonstrated significant nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita, insecticidal activity against Lipaphis erysimi, antifungal activity against Curvularia lunata, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. For nematicidal activity, SCMO and SCEO exhibited a high mortality of 65.66±1.69 and 54.33±1.24 and egg hatching inhibition of 26.33±1.20and 33.33±1.24 at 200 μg/mL. Similarly, SCMO and SCEO exhibited excellent insecticidal activity with 94.87±1.44 % and 86.75±1.85 % mortality at 1000 μg/mL. However, both oleoresins exhibited moderate antifungal and antibacterial activities compared to standards. Due to the quantitative difference in chemical composition and the presence of several phytoconstituents that were absent in SCEO, SCMO displayed stronger pesticidal effects than SCEO. To estimate the binding energy and structure-activity relationships between chemical constituents and pesticidal activities, in silico molecular docking and ADME/Tox studies have also been performed using a web-based online tool. On the basis of the present study, it is inferred that the herb Salvia coccinea might be a good source of phytochemicals and can be used for the development of herbal-based pesticides/formulations after proper clinical trials.

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Xu, Jianwei, Min Lv, Shanshan Fang, Yanyan Wang, Houpeng Wen, Shaoyong Zhang, and Hui Xu. "Exploration of Synergistic Pesticidal Activities, Control Effects and Toxicology Study of a Monoterpene Essential Oil with Two Natural Alkaloids." Toxins 15, no. 4 (March 25, 2023): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15040240.

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With the increasing development of pest resistances, it is not easy to achieve satisfactory control effects by using only one agrochemical. Additionally, although the alkaloid matrine (MT) isolated from Sophora flavescens is now utilized as a botanical pesticide in China, in fact, its pesticidal activities are much lower in magnitude than those of commercially agrochemicals. To improve its pesticidal activities, here, the joint pesticidal effects of MT with another alkaloid oxymatrine (OMT) (isolated from S. flavescens) and the monoterpene essential oil 1,8-cineole (CN) (isolated from the eucalyptus leaves) were investigated in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Moreover, their toxicological properties were also studied. Against Plutella xylostella, when the mass ratio of MT and OMT was 8/2, good larvicidal activity was obtained; against Tetranychus urticae, when the mass ratio of MT and OMT was 3/7, good acaricidal activity was obtained. Especially when MT and OMT were combined with CN, the significant synergistic effects were observed: against P. xylostella, the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of MT/OMT (8/2)/CN was 213; against T. urticae, the CTC of MT/OMT (3/7)/CN was 252. Moreover, the activity changes over time of two detoxification enzymes, carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) of P. xylostella treated with MT/OMT (8/2)/CN, were observed. In addition, by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the toxicological study suggested that the acaricidal activity of MT/OMT (3/7)/CN may be related to the damage of the cuticle layer crest of T. urticae.

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10

Fatope, Majekodunmi O., Oumar A. Adoum, and Yoshio Takeda. "C18Acetylenic Fatty Acids ofXimenia americanawith Potential Pesticidal Activity." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48, no. 5 (May 2000): 1872–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf990550k.

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11

Kuznetsov, V. V., E. I. Andreeva, and N. S. Prostakov. "Synthesis and pesticidal activity of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 29, no. 2 (February 1995): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02226532.

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12

Jahan, Nazish, Nida Hussain, Syeeda Iram Touqeer, Khalil-Ur-Rahman Khalil-Ur-Rahman, Huma Shamshad, and Naseem Abbas. "Formulation of Mentha piperita-Based Nanobiopesticides and Assessment of the Pesticidal and Antimicrobial Potential." Life 14, no. 1 (January 19, 2024): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14010144.

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The excessive use of synthetic pesticides has detrimental impacts on humans, non-target organisms, and the environment. Insect pest management strategies are shifting toward biopesticides, which can provide a feasible and environmentally friendly green solution to the pest problem. The key objective of the present research work was the preparation of Mentha piperita-based nanobiopesticides with enhanced stability, solubility, and pesticidal potential. Nanobiopesticides based on the Mentha piperita extract were prepared using the antisolvent precipitation method. The central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize different process parameters, e.g., the amounts of the stabilizer and plant extract. The nanosuspension of Mentha piperita prepared with the stabilizer SLS showed a particle size of 259 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.61. The formulated biopesticides in the form of nanosuspensions showed good antibacterial activities as compared to the Mentha piperita extract against two phytopathogenic bacterial strains, Clavibacter michiganensis and Pseudomonas syringae. The M. piperita nanosuspension had higher antifungal efficacy against A. niger and F. oxysporum than the Mentha piperita extract. The M. piperita extract and its nanosuspensions were tested for pesticidal activity against the stored-grain insects Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus oryzae. Mentha piperita-based nanobiopesticides demonstrated significantly high (p < 0.05) average mortality of 84.4% and 77.7% against Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus oryzae, respectively. Mentha piperita-based nanobiopesticides showed enhanced pesticidal potential and could be used as a good alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides.

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13

Ebadollahi, Asgar, Masumeh Ziaee, and Franco Palla. "Essential Oils Extracted from Different Species of the Lamiaceae Plant Family as Prospective Bioagents against Several Detrimental Pests." Molecules 25, no. 7 (March 28, 2020): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071556.

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On the basis of the side effects of detrimental synthetic chemicals, introducing healthy, available, and effective bioagents for pest management is critical. Due to this circumstance, several studies have been conducted that evaluate the pesticidal potency of plant-derived essential oils. This review presents the pesticidal efficiency of essential oils isolated from different genera of the Lamiaceae family including Agastache Gronovius, Hyptis Jacquin, Lavandula L., Lepechinia Willdenow, Mentha L., Melissa L., Ocimum L., Origanum L., Perilla L., Perovskia Kar., Phlomis L., Rosmarinus L., Salvia L., Satureja L., Teucrium L., Thymus L., Zataria Boissier, and Zhumeria Rech. Along with acute toxicity, the sublethal effects were illustrated such as repellency, antifeedant activity, and adverse effects on the protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents, and on the esterase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes. Chemical profiles of the introduced essential oils and the pesticidal effects of their main components have also been documented including terpenes (hydrocarbon monoterpene, monoterpenoid, hydrocarbon sesquiterpene, and sesquiterpenoid) and aliphatic phenylpropanoid. Consequently, the essential oils of the Lamiaceae plant family and their main components, especially monoterpenoid ones with several bioeffects and multiple modes of action against different groups of damaging insects and mites, are considered to be safe, available, and efficient alternatives to the harmful synthetic pesticides.

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Pernak, J., B. Markiewicz, A. Zgoła-Grześkowiak, Ł. Chrzanowski, R. Gwiazdowski, K. Marcinkowska, and T. Praczyk. "Ionic liquids with dual pesticidal function." RSC Adv. 4, no. 75 (2014): 39751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra04816d.

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15

Kazantsev, S. A., and I. E. Pamirsky. "Application of bioinformatics methods in pesticide research and development." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 53, no. 9 (October 22, 2023): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2023-9-7.

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The use of pesticides is accompanied by a number of environmental and agrotechnological problems. Many pesticides do not degrade and stay in the soil for years and have low selectivity. Massive application of pesticides with non-selective nature of action caused a gradual increase of resistance in pests due to persistent inherited changes in their DNA. This affects the efficiency of growing agricultural plants and pollution of the environment and food. Computational biology methods, which are actively developing all over the world, can help to solve this problem. Despite the fact that in Russia bioinformatics methods are used to study plant genes of animals, metagenomes of microorganisms, there are no own databases and specialized computer applications for such research and pesticide modernization. Development of domestic similar bioinformatics tools is also an urgent task. The article highlights the problem of creating new effective and environmentally friendly pesticides. The methods of bioinformatics that can be used in the research and development of pesticides are given. The stages of creating new pesticides by bioinformatics methods (review of databases, modeling of molecules, modeling of the interaction of a pesticide with a target, prediction of biological activity) are considered. A description is given of the methods for optimizing the molecular framework of pesticides, which is a change in the carbon skeleton in order to search for new active compounds and screen out many similar compounds in the chemical space. Foreign web resources used to assess the presence of pesticidal properties in substances, such as toxicity, metabolism and physico-chemical properties, and their subsequent registration as pesticides are given.

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16

Fragkouli, Regina, Maria Antonopoulou, Elias Asimakis, Alexandra Spyrou, Chariklia Kosma, Anastasios Zotos, George Tsiamis, Angelos Patakas, and Vassilios Triantafyllidis. "Mediterranean Plants as Potential Source of Biopesticides: An Overview of Current Research and Future Trends." Metabolites 13, no. 9 (August 22, 2023): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13090967.

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The development and implementation of safe natural alternatives to synthetic pesticides are urgent needs that will provide ecological solutions for the control of plant diseases, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, pests, and weeds to ensure the economic stability of farmers and food security, as well as protection of the environment and human health. Unambiguously, production of botanical pesticides will allow for the sustainable and efficient use of natural resources and finally decrease the use of chemical inputs and burden. This is further underlined by the strict regulations on pesticide residues in agricultural products and is in harmony with the Farm to Fork strategy, which aims to reduce pesticide use by 50% by 2030. Thus, the present work aims to compile the scientific knowledge of the last 5 years (2017–February 2023) regarding the Mediterranean plants that present biopesticidal effects. The literature review revealed 40 families of Mediterranean plants with at least one species that have been investigated as potential biopesticides. However, only six families had the highest number of species, and they were reviewed comprehensively in this study. Following a systematic approach, the extraction methods, chemical composition, biopesticidal activity, and commonly used assays for evaluating the antimicrobial, pesticidal, repellant, and herbicidal activity of plant extracts, as well as the toxicological and safety aspects of biopesticide formulation, are discussed in detail. Finally, the aspects that have not yet been investigated or are under-investigated and future perspectives are highlighted.

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17

SHINDO, Noboru, Junji ISHIKAWA, and Kenji KAWASAKI. "Pesticidal Activity of 3, 3-Dibromo-2-alkylacrylic Acids." Journal of Pesticide Science 11, no. 1 (1986): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.11.119.

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18

Kalechits, G. V., and N. G. Kozlov. "Synthesis and pesticidal activity of aminoesters of (+)-α-pinene." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 44, no. 4 (July 2008): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-008-9088-x.

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19

He, Kan, Lu Zeng, Qing Ye, Guoen Shi, Nicholas H. Oberlies, Geng-Xian Zhao, C. Jesse Njoku, and Jerry L. McLaughlin. "Comparative SAR Evaluations of Annonaceous Acetogenins for Pesticidal Activity." Pesticide Science 49, no. 4 (April 1997): 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199704)49:4<372::aid-ps543>3.0.co;2-k.

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20

Guo, Yong, Ruige Yang, and Hui Xu. "Semisynthesis of esters and oxime esters/sulfonates from furyl-ring-based acetylation derivatives of fraxinellone as insecticidal agents." RSC Advances 7, no. 45 (2017): 28009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra03588h.

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Joshi, Tisha, Kirti Nagarkoti, Navadha Joshi, Avneesh Rawat, Om Prakash, Ravendra Kumar, Ravi Mohan Srivastava, Satya Kumar, Shilpi Rawat, and Dharmendra Singh Rawat. "Comparative chemical composition and pesticidal evaluation of Acorus calamus accessions collected from different geographical locations." European Journal of Chemistry 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.14.1.129-143.2387.

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The objectives of the present study were to investigate the phytochemical composition of essential oils (EO) from rhizomes of Acorus calamus collected from Jorhat, Assam; Munsyari and Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. EOs were studied for different pesticidal activities viz; nematicidal, insecticidal, and herbicidal activity. To study the synergistic effect of EOs on pesticidal activity, four combinations of EOs were prepared. Phenylpropanoids with β-asarone as the main compound were identified in all collections with varying percentages. Its contribution was found to be 85.8% in Munsyari EOs followed by 74.3% in Pantnagar and 62.6% in Assam collections. All EOs exhibited dose-dependent in vitro nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita in terms of immobility and inhibition of egg hatching. The activity was observed as maximum in the EO combination of all three collections (1:1:1) whereas minimum in the Assam collections. In insecticidal activity against Lipaphis erysimi and Selepa celtis, maximum mortality was observed in Munsyari collections. The oils were assessed for sprout inhibition activity in terms of seed germination inhibition, coleoptile growth of the shoot and root against Raphanus raphanistrum. Maximum seed germination inhibition, % shoot, and root growth inhibition were found in all collections EO combinations. To predict the possible mode of action and the structure-activity relationship between major compounds of EOs and biological activities, in silico molecular docking and ADME/Tox studies were performed. The docking results revealed the mode of action of proteins of insects, nematodes, and weeds and were found in support of in vitro experiments. The study may be helpful for the development of herbal-based pesticides after proper clinical trials.

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Bharti, Shakuntla, Ram Pratap Yadav, and Ajay Singh. "Toxicological Alteration of Alphamethrin pesticide (Astra) Against Freshwater Predatory Fishes." Archives of Ecotoxicology 5, no. 3 (December 29, 2023): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ae.2023.5.3.70-74.

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The aim of the present studies the toxicological effects of alphamethrin (Astra) on freshwater predatory fishes. The toxicity was time as well as dose dependent. The Pesticide exposure may also fatal to many non- target organisms. Due to the hazardous effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms, it is necessary to predict pesticidal pollution in aquatic medium as soon as possible. Alphamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used as controls a wide range of pests in agriculture field and public programmme. Alphamethrin, one of the most extensively studied pesticides, may induce many significant changes body in fishes. The Alphamethrin has shown strong piscicidal activity in freshwater fish Colisa fasciatus and Mystus mystus for all the exposure periods (24 or 96h) in time as well as dose dependent manner. The LC₅₀ values decreases from 0.049 (24h) to 0.012 (96h ) in a winter season (water temp. 19⁰) and 0.043(24h) to 0.028 (96h) in a summer season (water temp. 20⁰c) against freshwater fish Colisa fasciatus and The LC₅₀ values decreases from 0.042 (24h) to 0.017 (96h ) in a winter season (water temp.19⁰) and 0.039 (24h) to 0.013 (96h) in a summer season (water temp. 20⁰c) against freshwater fish Mystus mystus.

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Elabasy, Asem, Ali Shoaib, Muhammad Waqas, Mingxing Jiang, and Zuhua Shi. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Pesticidal Activity of Emamectin Benzoate Nanoformulations against Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)." Molecules 24, no. 15 (August 1, 2019): 2801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152801.

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Using nanotechnology to develop new formulations of pesticides is considered a possible option in enhancing the efficiency, safety, and photostability of pesticides under various climatic conditions. In the present study, two novel nanoformulations (NFs) were successfully prepared based on nano-delivery systems for emamectin benzoate (EMB) by loading it on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SNPs) as carriers through a freeze-drying method. The synthesized nanoformulations were examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results showed that SNPs and CNCs had a loading efficiency of 43.31% and 15.04% (w/w) for EMB, respectively, and could effectively protect EMB from photolysis under UV radiation. The LC50 values for EMB + SNPs, EMB + CNCs, and EMB commercial formulation against Phenacoccus solenopsis were 0.01, 0.05, and 0.31 μg/mL, respectively, indicating that both NFs were more effective than the EMB commercial formulation. This work seeks to develop new nano-carriers for potential applications of pesticides in plant protection, which will reduce the recommended dose of pesticides and thereby decrease the amount of pesticide residue in food and the environment.

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Crickmore, N., D. R. Zeigler, J. Feitelson, E. Schnepf, J. Van Rie, D. Lereclus, J. Baum, and D. H. Dean. "Revision of the Nomenclature for the Bacillus thuringiensis Pesticidal Crystal Proteins." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 62, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.62.3.807-813.1998.

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SUMMARY The crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis have been extensively studied because of their pesticidal properties and their high natural levels of production. The increasingly rapid characterization of new crystal protein genes, triggered by an effort to discover proteins with new pesticidal properties, has resulted in a variety of sequences and activities that no longer fit the original nomenclature system proposed in 1989. Bacillus thuringiensis pesticidal crystal protein (Cry and Cyt) nomenclature was initially based on insecticidal activity for the primary ranking criterion. Many exceptions to this systematic arrangement have become apparent, however, making the nomenclature system inconsistent. Additionally, the original nomenclature, with four activity-based primary ranks for 13 genes, did not anticipate the current 73 holotype sequences that form many more than the original four subgroups. A new nomenclature, based on hierarchical clustering using amino acid sequence identity, is proposed. Roman numerals have been exchanged for Arabic numerals in the primary rank (e.g., Cry1Aa) to better accommodate the large number of expected new sequences. In this proposal, 133 crystal proteins comprising 24 primary ranks are systematically arranged.

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Palma, Leopoldo, Leila Ortiz, José Niz, Marcelo Berretta, and Diego Sauka. "Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis INTA 103-23 Reveals Its Insecticidal Properties: Insights from the Genomic Sequence." Data 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2024): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data9030040.

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The genome of Bacillus thuringiensis strain INTA 103-23 was sequenced, revealing a high-quality draft assembly comprising 243 contigs with a total size of 6.30 Mb and a completeness of 99%. Phylogenetic analysis classified INTA 103-23 within the Bacillus cereus sensu stricto cluster. Genome annotation identified 6993 genes, including 2476 hypothetical proteins. Screening for pesticidal proteins unveiled 10 coding sequences with significant similarity to known pesticidal proteins, showcasing a potential efficacy against various insect orders. AntiSMASH analysis predicted 13 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), including clusters with 100% similarity to petrobactin and anabaenopeptin NZ857/nostamide A. Notably, fengycin exhibited a 40% similarity within the identified clusters. Further exploration involved a comparative genomic analysis with ten phylogenetically closest genomes. The ANI values, calculated using fastANI, confirmed the closest relationships with strains classified under Bacillus cereus sensu stricto. This comprehensive genomic analysis of B. thuringiensis INTA 103-23 provides valuable insights into its genetic makeup, potential pesticidal activity, and biosynthetic capabilities. The identified BGCs and pesticidal proteins contribute to our understanding of the strain’s biocontrol potential against diverse agricultural pests.

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Schnepf, E., N. Crickmore, J. Van Rie, D. Lereclus, J. Baum, J. Feitelson, D. R. Zeigler, and D. H. Dean. "Bacillus thuringiensis and Its Pesticidal Crystal Proteins." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 62, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 775–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.62.3.775-806.1998.

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SUMMARY During the past decade the pesticidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis has been the subject of intensive research. These efforts have yielded considerable data about the complex relationships between the structure, mechanism of action, and genetics of the organism’s pesticidal crystal proteins, and a coherent picture of these relationships is beginning to emerge. Other studies have focused on the ecological role of the B. thuringiensis crystal proteins, their performance in agricultural and other natural settings, and the evolution of resistance mechanisms in target pests. Armed with this knowledge base and with the tools of modern biotechnology, researchers are now reporting promising results in engineering more-useful toxins and formulations, in creating transgenic plants that express pesticidal activity, and in constructing integrated management strategies to insure that these products are utilized with maximum efficiency and benefit.

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27

Lu, Rongfei, Jianwei Xu, Hailong Wang, Zhen Wang, Shaoyong Zhang, Hui Xu, and Min Lv. "Semisynthesis and Pesticidal Activities of Novel Cholesterol Ester Derivatives Containing Cinnamic Acid-Like Fragments." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 8437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238437.

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Due to the extensive use of agrochemicals resulting in the emergence of pesticide resistance and ecological environment problems, the research and development of new alternatives for crop protection is highly desirable. In order to discover potent natural product-based insecticide candidates, a series of new cholesterol ester derivatives containing cinnamic acid-like fragments at the C-7 position were synthesized. Some derivatives showed potent pesticidal activities. Against Mythimna separata Walker, compounds 2a, Id, Ig, and IIg showed 2.1–2.4-fold growth-inhibitory activity of the precursor cholesterol. Against Plutella xylostella Linnaeus, compounds Ig, IIf, and IIi exhibited 1.9–2.1-fold insecticidal activity of cholesterol. These results will pave the way for the future synthesis of cholesterol-based derivatives as agrochemicals.

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Pyrko, A. N. "Synthesis and biological testing for pesticidal activity of 8-azasteroids." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-1-8-14.

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The aim of the present study is the synthesis and testing for pesticidal activities of 2,3-dimethoxy16,16-dimethyl-D-homo-8-azagona-1,3,5(10),13-tetraene-12,17а-one and 2,3-dimethoxy-16,16-dimethyl-dhomo-8-azagona-1,3,5(10),13-tetraene-12-imino-17а-one hydrochloride which could become the basis the basis of plant protection products. The first compound was obtained by condensation of 6,7-dimethoxy-2,3- dihydroisoquinoline with 2-acetyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione. The second substance was synthesized by interaction of the first with ammonium chloride. 2-Acetyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione was prepared by heating dimedone with acetic acid in polyphosphoric acid. 6,7-Dimethoxy-2,3-dihydroisoquinoline was synthesized in two steps. Boiling 2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine in formic acid gave the corresponding amide, which was cyclized in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride. The structure of the obtained compounds is confirmed by the data of IR, 1H NMR, UV spectra and elemental analysis. In the IR absorption spectra of 2,3-dimethoxy-16,16-dimethyl-D-homo-8-azagona-1,3,5(10),13-tetraene-12,17a-dione and 2,3-dimethoxy-16,16-dimethyl-D-homo-8-azagona-1,3,5(10),13-tetraen-12-imino-17a-one hydrochloride, enaminodiketone bands are present (1535, 1580, 1615, 1625, 1670 cm-1 ) and enimine ketone (1595, 1650, 3260 cm-1 ) groups, respectively. Their UV absorption spectra recorded in ethanol contain two absorption bands (265.303 and 268.317 nm) corresponding to ππ* transitions of the same molecular fragments. The mass spectra of the two obtained tetracycles contain peaks of molecular ions. 1H NMR spectra correspond to the structures of all obtained compounds The synthesized compounds were tested for certain types of insecticide (against Toxoptera graminum, Musca domestica, Meloidogyne incognita, Heliothis virescens, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, Caenorhabditis elegans), fungicidal (against Drechslera, Erysiphe, Puccinia, Peronospora) and herbicidal (against Amaranthus retroflexus, Brassica rapa, Abutilon theophrasti, Alopecurus myosuroides, Avena fatua, Echinochloa crus galli) activities. Both synthesized compounds showed herbicidal activity against Amaranthus retroflexus, Brassica rapa, Abutilon theophrasti and insecticidal activity against Toxoptera graminum. Hydrochloride 2,3-dimethoxy-16,16-dimethyl-D-homo-8-azagon-1,3,5(10),13- tetraene-12-imino-17a-one showed insecticidal activity against Musca domestica and fungicidal activity against Drechslera.

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29

SASAKI, Mitsuru. "Studies on the Synthesis and Pesticidal Activity of Organophosphorus Compounds." Journal of Pesticide Science 20, no. 2 (1995): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.20.169.

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SASAKI, Mitsuru. "Studies on the Synthesis and Pesticidal Activity of Organophosphorus Compounds." Journal of Pesticide Science 20, no. 2 (1995): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.20.193.

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31

IC, Tewari, Shukla SK, Tiwari VK, Rani S, and Ravi Kant. "Studies on insecticidal and pesticidal activity of some organotin compounds." International Journal of Agriculture Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9735/0975-3710.2.1.5-10.

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32

Kotkar, Hemlata M., Prashant S. Mendki, Sangeetha V?G?S Sadan, Shipra R. Jha, Shripad M. Upasani, and Vijay L. Maheshwari. "Antimicrobial and pesticidal activity of partially purified flavonoids ofAnnona squamosa." Pest Management Science 58, no. 1 (2001): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.414.

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33

Bulugahapitiya, Vajira P., Fernando PTN, and Jayasekara HD. "Anti-oxidant, pediculicidal and pesticidal activities of leaves of Rhinacanthus nasutus (Linn) grown in Sri Lanka." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 6, no. 4 (January 7, 2021): 754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v6i4.51243.

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Rhinacanthus nasutus is an ethnomedical plant used in the traditional system of medicine for treating skin diseases. As no adequate studies available on R. nasutus grown in Sri Lanka, this study aimed on exploring anti-oxidant, anti-parasitic and pesticidal activity of leaves of the plant. Antioxidant capacity of the crude extract of leaves was evaluated using DPPH free radical scavenging assay and FRAP assay using ascorbic acid and FeSO4.7H2O as the standards respectively. Pediculicidal efficacy was carried out against head lice using 0.0010% (w/v) methanolic, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of leaves by following modified filter paper diffusion bioassay. Pesticidal activity of leaves was evaluated using modified filter paper contact bioassay against mealybugs, P. marginatus, resides on papaw and guava trees. The IC50 value of DPPH assay was found to be 514.3 μgmL-1 and FRAP value was found to be 594.33±2.93 μmol Fe2+/g in anti-oxidant assay. The LT50 (median Lethal Time) values for 0.0010% (w/v) concentration of methanolic, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts were 263, 347 and 676 min respectively in pediculicidal assay. LC50 (50% mortality) value was found to be 0.0011% (w/v) after 240 minutes whereas LT50 values of 0.0020% (w/v) of methanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of R. nasutus for adult were found as 31, 124 and 189 hours and for nymph were 14, 18 and 29 hours respectively in pesticidal assay. Accordingly, methanolic extract was effective in controlling nymph stage of mealybug life cycle than adults with the LC50 of 0.0015% (w/v) within 14 hours. This study confirmed promising pediculicidal and pesticidal activity and significant anti-oxidant capacity of leaves of R. nasutus. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 754-760

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34

Han, Jin, Shaoyong Zhang, Jun He, and Tianze Li. "Piperine: Chemistry and Biology." Toxins 15, no. 12 (December 12, 2023): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15120696.

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Piperine is a plant-derived promising piperamide candidate isolated from the black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). In the last few years, this natural botanical product and its derivatives have aroused much attention for their comprehensive biological activities, including not only medical but also agricultural bioactivities. In order to achieve sustainable development and improve survival conditions, looking for environmentally friendly pesticides with low toxicity and residue is an extremely urgent challenge. Fortunately, plant-derived pesticides are rising like a shining star, guiding us in the direction of development in pesticidal research. In the present review, the recent progress in the biological activities, mechanisms of action, and structural modifications of piperine and its derivatives from 2020 to 2023 are summarized. The structure-activity relationships were analyzed in order to pave the way for future development and utilization of piperine and its derivatives as potent drugs and pesticides for improving the local economic development.

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35

van Frankenhuyzen, Kees. "Cross-order and cross-phylum activity of Bacillus thuringiensis pesticidal proteins." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 114, no. 1 (September 2013): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2013.05.010.

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36

Sen Gupta, Anil K., and Ashok Kumar Pandey. "Synthesis and pesticidal activity of some quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives." Pesticide Science 26, no. 1 (1989): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780260106.

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37

Abdel-Megeed, Mohamed F., Salah M. Yassin, and Mohamed A. Saleh. "Synthesis of Some New Chloro Derivatives of Quinazolino[4,3-b]quinazolin-5-one and Tetrazolo[5,4-c]quinazoline." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 7 (1992): 1559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19921559.

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Introducing of chlorine into biologically versatile heterocyclic rings might led to the improvement of their pharmacological activity. Therefore compounds IIa-IIr and IIIa-IIIf were prepared with the aim to combine the pesticidal qualities of heterocyclic nuclei.

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38

Dong, Fang, Xin Chen, Xingyuan Men, Zhuo Li, Yujun Kong, Yiyang Yuan, and Feng Ge. "Contact Toxicity, Antifeedant Activity, and Oviposition Preference of Osthole against Agricultural Pests." Insects 14, no. 9 (August 24, 2023): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14090725.

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Osthole, the dominant bioactive constituent in the Cnidium monnieri, has shown acute pesticidal activities. However, its detailed toxicity, antifeedant, and oviposition preference effects against agricultural pests have not been fully understood, limiting its practical use. This study aimed to investigate the contact toxicity, antifeedant activity, and oviposition preference of osthole against three agricultural pests (Tetranychus urticae, Myzus persicae, and Bactrocera dorsalis). Our results showed that the Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson (CMC) has a high osthole content of 11.4 mg/g. Osthole exhibited a higher level of acute toxicity against the T. urticae to four other coumarins found in CMC. It showed significant pesticidal activity against T. urticae and M. persicae first-instar nymphs and adults in a dose-dependent manner but not against B. dorsalis adults. Osthole exposure reduced the fecundity and prolonged the developmental time of the T. urticae and M. persicae. Leaf choice bioassays revealed potent antifeedant activity in the T. urticae and M. persicae. Furthermore, the female B. dorsalis showed a distinct preference for laying eggs in mango juice with 0.02 mg/mL osthole at 48 h, a preference that persisted at 96 h. These results provide valuable insights into the toxicity, repellent activity, and attractant activity of osthole, thereby providing valuable insights into its potential efficacy in pest control.

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39

Palát, Karel, Milan Čeladník, Jaroslav Daněk, and Štefan Varkonda. "N-Phenyl-N,N"-Guanidinedicarboxylic Acid Esters. Synthesis, Anthelmintic and Pesticidal Effects." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 5 (1992): 1127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19921127.

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Substituted phenylammonium chlorides react with cyanamide to give the corresponding phenylguanidines which on treatment with chloroformate esters give N-subst.phenyl-N,N"-guanidinedicarboxylic acid esters. All substances prepared have been tested for their anthelmintic activity against the model helminths Nippostrongylus brasilienses and Hymenolepis nana var. fraterna. The most significant activity has been found with diethyl N-(4-nitrophenyl)-N,N"-guanidinedicarboxylate. In pesticidal screening the compounds have shown fungicidal activity and particularly ovicidal activity against Tetranychus urticae which activity is increased with the compounds having a nitro group in the benzene ring.

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40

Jadhav, Kartiki B., and Jayashree M. Nagarkar. "DEVELOPMENT OF KARANJ OIL AND CASTOR OIL NANOEMULSIONS AND ITS ENCAPSULATION INTO BEADS FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY." Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 13, no. 02 (March 31, 2022): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202213213.

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Karanjin and Ricinoleic acid, found in Karanj oil and Castor oil respectively exhibited medicinal and pesticidal properties. Karanj oil and Castor oil has low aqueous solubility, high photo sensitivity which restrict its application for the control of agricultural pests. The present study highlights development of Karanj oil and Castor oil nanoemulsions and its encapsulation into Calcium alginate beads for control release application. The encapsulated beads were characterized by various physicochemical properties such as size, encapsulation efficiency, release kinetics and stability. The beads exhibited a nearly spherical shape and are nonporous in nature. FTIR spectral studies revealed the absence of chemical interactions between active ingredients and crosslinking agent. The encapsulated Karanj oil and Castor oil nanoemulsions showed the potential for controlled release of Karanjin and Ricinoleic acid. The encapsulated beads of Karanj oil and Castor oil nanoemulsions were tested for larvicidal activity and proved to be effective against variety of mosquito species. The advantages of these biopesticidal formulations appear to be an excellent alternative to conventional pesticides.

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41

Huras, Bogumiła, Jerzy Zakrzewski, Krzysztof Żelechowski, Anna Kiełczewska, Maria Krawczyk, Jarosław Hupko, and Katarzyna Jaszczuk. "Fluorine analogs of dicamba and tricamba herbicides; synthesis and their pesticidal activity." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 76, no. 3-4 (February 18, 2021): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2020-0179.

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42

Borys, Krzysztof M., Maciej D. Korzyński, and Zbigniew Ochal. "Derivatives of phenyl tribromomethyl sulfone as novel compounds with potential pesticidal activity." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (February 15, 2012): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.27.

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A halogenmethylsulfonyl moiety is incorporated in numerous active herbicides and fungicides. The synthesis of tribromomethyl phenyl sulfone derivatives as novel potential pesticides is reported. The title sulfone was obtained by following three different synthetic routes, starting from 4-chlorothiophenol or 4-halogenphenyl methyl sulfone. Products of its subsequent nitration were subjected to the SNAr reactions with ammonia, amines, hydrazines and phenolates to give 2-nitroaniline, 2-nitrophenylhydrazine and diphenyl ether derivatives. Reduction of the nitro group of 4-tribromomethylsulfonyl-2-nitroaniline yielded the corresponding o-phenylenediamine substrate for preparation of structurally varied benzimidazoles.

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43

Liu, Jianchao, Zeping Cui, and Hongwu He. "Synthesis and Pesticidal Activity of 3-(2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy Benzoylhydrazones." Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry 32, no. 10 (2012): 1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/cjoc201204022.

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44

Zabrieski, Zac, Elliot Morrell, Joshua Hortin, Christian Dimkpa, Joan McLean, David Britt, and Anne Anderson. "Pesticidal activity of metal oxide nanoparticles on plant pathogenic isolates of Pythium." Ecotoxicology 24, no. 6 (June 16, 2015): 1305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-015-1505-x.

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45

Balah, Mohamed Abdelaziz, and Ghena Mamdouh AbdelRazek. "Pesticidal activity of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Leaves against nematodes and perennial weeds." Acta Ecologica Sinica 40, no. 5 (October 2020): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2019.07.001.

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46

Perrett, Sheena, and Philip J. Whitfield. "Anthelmintic and pesticidal activity ofAcorus gramineus (Araceae) is associated with phenylpropanoid asarones." Phytotherapy Research 9, no. 6 (September 1995): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650090604.

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47

Singh, Nirmala, Shobha Rastogi, and R. V. Singh. "Microwave-assisted synthesis and antibacterial and pesticidal activity studies of aluminum(III) and gallium(III) complexes with a bioactive Schiff base." Main Group Metal Chemistry 34, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2011): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2012-0903.

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Abstract Biologically potent complexes of aluminum(III) and gallium(III) derived from semicarbazone of 3-acetylcoumarin have been synthesized under microwave irradiation and investigated using a combination of microanalytical analysis, melting point, ultraviolet spectra, infrared spectra, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, and 13C NMR spectra. Aluminum and gallium isopropoxides interact with the ligand, resulting in the formation of colored products. Based on conductance and spectral evidences, a five-coordinated structure for aluminum(III) and gallium(III) complexes has been assigned for 1:1 ratio and a six-coordinated structure for 1:2 and 1:3 ratios. The ligand is coordinated to the aluminum(III) and gallium(III) via the azomethine nitrogen atom and the enolic oxygen atom. The free ligand and its metal complexes have been tested in vitro against a number of pathogenic microorganisms in order to assess their antimicrobial and pesticidal properties. Both the ligand and its complexes were found to possess appreciable bactericidal and pesticidal properties.

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48

Kashere, M. A., Tijjani, A., Sabo, M. U., and Aliyu, M. "EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS IN Ficus polita LEAVES POWDERS FOR INSECT PEST CONTROL." Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (April 3, 2023): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v6i1.394.

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Pesticidal plants, also referred to as botanical pesticides, have been used for centuries for pest management. The study objectives was to evaluate the phytochemical compounds in F.polita leaves powders and their insecticidal activity on Callosobruchus subinnotatus PIC in stored Bambara groundnut in Gombe through untargeted Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) using three different extraction solvents (ethanol, methanol and distilled water). Result of the study revealed the presence of various compounds. To mention but few, the ethanol extracts revealed the presence of 2-Methylchrysene (C19H14); Chrysene, 1-methyl- (C19H14); Ethyl.alpha.-d-glucopyranoside (C8H16O6); 5,9-Undecadien-2-one, 6,10-dimethyl- (C13H22O). Methanol extracts showed Alloaromadendrene oxide-(2) (C15H24O); Methyl.beta.-d-galactopyranoside (C7H14O6); Phytol (C20H40O); Ethyl .beta.-d-riboside (C7H14O5). Distilled water extraction revealed Lupeol (C30H50O); 9,19-Cycloergost-24(28)-en-3-ol, 4,14-dimethyl-, acetate, (3.beta.,4.alpha.,5.alpha.)- (C32H52O2); Lanosterol (C30H50O); [4-(4-Methoxymethylbenzyl)phenyl]methanol (C16H18O2) as compounds with the highest percentage areas. Being cheap and readily available, resources-poor farmers perceive those natural products (botanical pesticides) possessed repellence, anti-feeding and ovipositional deterrence, fumigant or contact activity, growth inhibition etc. Hence, could serve as good alternatives to chemical insecticides.

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49

Loh, Khye Er, Nor Azwady Abdul Aziz, Muskhazli Mustafa, and Intan Safinar Ismail. "Biocontrol Potential of Neem Leaf-Based Vermicompost as Indicated by Chitinase, Protease and Β-1,3-Glucanase Activity." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 1267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5005-07.

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The rising concern regarding the negative impact of synthetic pesticides has led to the search for alternative means of pest control. Vermicomposting the mixture of oil palm empty fruit bunch and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves, with the latter known to have pesticidal value, is therefore of great interest and significance to be studied. The present study was conducted to evaluate the chitinase, protease and β-1,3-glucanase activity of neem leaf-based vermicompost as an indication of its biocontrol properties. The total microbial population of different composition of the vermicompost was also investigated. The results showed that at 10% neem composition, an increment in microbial population, chitinase and protease activities was observed in the end product. A higher concentration of neem exerted a suppressive effect on the microbial population as well as enzymatic activity. This study suggested that the addition of an appropriate composition of neem leaves as one of the raw materials for vermicomposting would potentially enhance the performance of vermicompost as biofertilizer as well as biopesticide.

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50

Abdel Hafez, Ali A., Ahmed A. Geies, Zeinab A. Hozien, and Zarif H. Khalil. "Synthesis of Some New 8-Quinolinyloxy-5-sulfonamide Derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 4 (1994): 957–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19940957.

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5-Sulfonyl-8-quinolinol was used for the synthesis of various derivatives. This attempt was directed by knowledge that 8-quinolinol was utilized in the synthesis of biologically active heterocycles as bactericides, fungicides and bioregulators. The biological and pesticidal activity of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, as well as the pharmacological interest of the quinoline moiety, are well known, too.

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