Academic literature on the topic 'Peste Nera'

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Journal articles on the topic "Peste Nera"

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Selunskaya, N. A. "MERCHANT AND MARGHERITA: FAMILY PORTRAIT WITH <i>PESTE NERA</i>." Vestnik of Lobachevsky University of Nizhni Novgorod, no. 4 (2021): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52452/19931778_2021_4_66.

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Nanni, Paolo. "Campagne dopo il 1348. Note sull'agricoltura italiana negli anni dopo la peste." a. LXII, n. 1, giugno 2022, no. 154 (September 19, 2022): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/0557-1359/2022.2330.

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RiassuntoL’impatto di lungo periodo della Peste Nera nelle campagne della seconda metà del Trecento e inizio Quattrocento è tema ampiamente trattato nella storiografia, specialmente a riguardo degli andamenti demografici e dei sistemi agrari nelle diverse “Italie agricole”. Tuttavia la recente esperienza pandemica ci ha portato a riflettere con più attenzione sugli effetti nel breve periodo. L’intervento si propone di rileggere fonti e sintesi storiografiche per rilanciare una riflessione sui cambiamenti nelle campagne italiane nei vent’anni dopo la Peste del 1348.AbstractThe Black Death’s long standing impact on the countryside during mid fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth century has been widely covered in historiography with particular focus on demographic trends and effects on agrarian systems of the various “agricultural Italies”. However, the latest pandemic led us to reflect more carefully on short terms impacts. The paper aim at reviewing sources and historiographic summaries to foster a discussion about the changes in Italian countryside’s in the twenty years following the 1348’s Plague.
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Lombardi, Andrea. "Il diavolo in corpo: una lettura del Decameron di Giovanni Boccaccio." Alea : Estudos Neolatinos 14, no. 2 (December 2012): 180–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-106x2012000200003.

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Considerare il Decameron esclusivamente un "classico" non rende giustiza alla sua struttura narrativa geometrica e complessa. Poiché ognuno dei suoi aspetti rivela il potenziale sovversivo della sua macchina narrativa. Le cento novelle con la loro cornice, che descrive l'epidemia della peste nera del 1348, ne fanno il primo libro organico della narrativa occidentale: un testo con una architettura peculiare. Una lettura attenta, però, può individuare una nuova novella, quella di numero 101 (nell'Introduzione alla quarta giornata): ciò che rivela la crisi finale della struttura chiusa, dell'architettura pianificata. Ciappelletto, protagonista della prima novella, diviene Santo da "peggiore uomo del mondo" che era; mentre Griselda, eroina dell'ultima delle cento novelle, mostra che la sua iperbolica virtù si trasforma in cinismo crudele. Così il Decameron crea il proprio futuro, rappresentando una mimesi ampia della sua epoca e, allo stesso tempo, avviando una rottura radicale ironica, o meglio elusiva: modello della commedia rinascimentale e dell'ermeneutica, nell'uso radicale dell'ironia. Possiamo forse considerare il Decameron una risposta istigante alla domanda attuale sulla natura di ciò che è contemporaneo.
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Sánchez Llorens, Mara. "Mitos, pestes y aullidos dibujados por Clorindo Testa: denuncia y relato." Cuadernos de arte de la Universidad de Granada 53 (December 23, 2022): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/caug.v53i0.24727.

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Este trabajo propone revisitar un conjunto de dibujos de mitos, pestes y aullidos del artista arquitecto ítalo argentino Clorindo Testa que se articulan a través de la serie La Peste en Ceppaloni (1977-1997). Este conjunto de mapas, dibujos y murales son un viaje donde el autor, metafóricamente, denuncia la incidencia de los problemas ecológicos en la condición humana y el aire de su hábitat. Metodológicamente, el texto acude a un triple relato de la obra: narrativo-visual, arqueológico y antropológico. Se descifra la estructura de mito dibujado que se desarrolla en el Medievo en la ciudad italiana de Ceppaloni, de donde procede la familia de Testa. Se recorre la villa medieval y su castillo, así como el itinerario de la peste negra durante el siglo XIV. Esta serie tiene un correlato en el trabajo de este autor que recupera la figuración para recobrar cierta idea de humanismo. Para Testa arte, arquitectura y ecología cohabitan.
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López, María Margarita, and Andrés Felipe Cardona Zorrilla. "La peste negra: el enemigo incorpóreo." Medicina 42, no. 2 (July 17, 2020): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.56050/01205498.1514.

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La Peste Negra, también conocida como la Pestilencia o Gran Mortalidad, fue la pandemia más fatal registrada en la historia de la humanidad, lo que resultó en la muerte de hasta 200 millones de personas, desde Eurasia hasta el norte de África, y alcanzó su punto máximo en Europa desde 1347 hasta 1351. La peste, es una zoonosis causada por la bacteria Yersinia pestis y el resultado más común, suele ser la aparición de nódulos bubónicos, seguida de infección septicémica o neumónica. La Peste Negra, probablemente, se originó en Asia Central o Asia Oriental, desde donde viajó a lo largo de la Ruta de la Seda y llegó a Crimea en 1347. A partir de ahí, posiblemente fue transportada por pulgas que vivían en las ratas negras que viajaban en barcos mercantes genoveses, se extendió en toda la cuenca del Mediterráneo y llegó a África, Asia occidental y el resto de Europa, a través de Constantinopla, Sicilia y la península italiana. La evidencia actual indica que, una vez que llegó a tierra, la Peste Negra, fue en gran parte, propagada por humanos. Esta plaga creó trastornos religiosos, sociales y económicos, con profundos efectos en el curso de la historia europea, pues fue el segundo desastre que afectó a Europa durante la Baja Edad Media (el primero fue la Gran Hambruna) y se estima que causó la muerte del 30% al 60% de la población continental. Los brotes de la peste se repitieron en diversos lugares del mundo hasta principios del siglo XIX.
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Lozano-Alvarado, Saniel E. "El Decamerón, la Peste Negra y el Coronavirus." Acta Herediana 64, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/ah.v64i1.3913.

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Ante el fenómeno de la pandemia universal del coronavirus en el ámbito mundial, en el presente trabajo partimos del reconocimiento de una aproximación de la literatura a la realidad, punto de partida frecuente en el proceso de creación literaria, especialmente en la narración. Según lo expuesto, la literatura no puede juzgarse solamente teniendo en cuenta su función artística, sino su relación con las diversas formas de la realidad: social, económica, cultural, etc. Se traza un paralelismo entre la “peste negra”, que se originó en Oriente, de donde pasó a Italia y a los demás países europeos, y la pandemia actual del coronavirus. En el reconocimiento de esta situación se ubica el punto de partida del desarrollo de la estructura y contenido del “Decamerón”, la notable obra de Giovanni Boccaccio: conjunto de cuentos referidos por siete muchachas y tres jóvenes varones, cada uno de los cuales relata diez cuentos. La decisión la adoptaron como una medida de aislamiento y entretenimiento para eludir el contagio de la epidemia.
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JACINTO PAZOS, Pedro. "LA PESTE, ENTRE EL MEDITERRÁNEO Y EL PACÍFICO MOCHE." Scientia 22, no. 22 (December 31, 2020): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31381/scientia.v22i22.3565.

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El supuesto que tratamos de interpretar es que el mundo en la cual vivimos se rige por parámetros que la naturaleza determina y también condiciona. Si bien, la naturaleza, es la despensa de la supervivencia del ser humano, desde su flora y su fauna (y sus mares), éstas también pueden ser parte de su extinción. Y, las pestes o pandemias en el mundo, lo han demostrado. Todos los virus se han generado en los animales o las plantas que el hombre no ha logrado manejar y, al revés, los ha manipulado y ha destruido. La confianza del ser humano en la vida animal como parte de su conservación fisiológica, también se le puede revertir y lo puede exterminar. Más, cuando de estructuras económicas hegemónicas se trata y, donde el sentido de desigualdad y conflicto entre el hombre y la naturaleza y, entre los mismos hombres, siguen incólumes. Los comerciantes marinos hicieron su recorrido en los distintos mares y con ello el capital, el naufragio y las pestes. Se observa, un paralelo entre la peste negra que sucedió en Europa en el siglo catorce y, lo que se describe en el norte peruano mochica, a inicios y mediados del siglo veinte.
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Radunz, Roberto, and Henrique Bodan Rampazzo. "PESTE NEGRA: UMA ANÁLISE FILMOGRÁFICA PARA SALA DE AULA." Revista Latino-Americana de História- UNISINOS 10, no. 25 (August 4, 2021): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/rlah.2021.1025.10.

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A Peste Negra devastou o mundo no período medieval, particularmente entre 1347 e 1351, pela sua rápida propagação e ausência de métodos preventivos e de cura. No medievo essa pandemia gerou um medo coletivo diante da ausência de diagnósticos científicos e da própria mentalidade do período. Esse blecaute pandêmico tem sido objeto de análise dos medievalistas que têm ressaltado inclusive a falta de expectativas para a própria existência humana. Para além dos historiadores, o tema em questão também tem inspirado cineastas de maneira muito ampla. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo se propõe fazer uma análise de três filmes – Morte Negra (2010), Caça às Bruxas (2011) e O Cavaleiro das Trevas (2013) –, nos quais a peste negra é pano de fundo. O objetivo do estudo, interdisciplinar por envolver História e Cinema, é fornecer a professores de História uma base analítica para trabalhar esse aspecto da Idade Média em sala de aula de forma didática.
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D’ottavio Callegari, María Eugenia, Guillermo Enrique D’ottavo Callegari, and Alberto Enrique D’ottavio Cattani. "La peste negra del siglo XIV en el cine." Revista de Medicina y Cine 16, e (January 29, 2021): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/rmc202016e351361.

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Este trabajo se centra en la pandemia denominada Peste Negra ocurrida a mediados del siglo XIV en el mundo entonces conocido, reseña causas, propagación y efectos, menciona el rol de los médicos durante la misma, aborda sus consecuencias, y realiza un recorrido que incluye doce filmes y una reciente miniserie donde se la trata como eje o trasfondo. Ante su etiología controvertida, esta comunicación, siguiendo estudios recientes, concuerda con el rol determinante de la Yersinia pestis en dicha pandemia, aunque deja, a la par y a ese respecto, mente abierta hacia el futuro dado lo provisorio y dinámico de la ciencia, acerca de lo cual la actual pandemia es palmaria prueba.
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FOLLADOR, KELLEN JACOBSEN. "A RELAÇÃO ENTRE A PESTE NEGRA E OS JUDEUS." Vértices, no. 20 (December 5, 2018): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2179-5894.i20p26-46.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peste Nera"

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Tang, Yong. "Impact de la perte des neurones cochléaires sur la fonction auditive." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T022/document.

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La surdité est l'un des déficits sensoriels les plus fréquents dans nos sociétés industrialisées. Parmi les pathologies de l'audition, les surdités de perception ou neurosensorielles sont les plus répandues. Les surdités de perception sont dues à un dysfonctionnement de la cochlée impliquant l'homéostasie ionique, la perte des cellules sensorielles et des neurones ganglionnaires. Alors qu'une altération de l'homéostasie ou que la perte de cellules sensorielles entraine immanquablement la survenue d'une surdité, l'impact de la perte de neurones ganglionnaires est mal connu.L'objet de cette thèse était d'évaluer l'impact des pertes neuronales sur l'audition. Pour ce faire, nous avons développé un outil pharmacologique capable de créer une perte sélective de neurones auditifs primaires, sans endommager les structures pré-synaptiques telles que les cellules sensorielles et la strie vasculaire. Pour ce faire, nous avons appliqué des doses croissantes de ouabaïne sur la membrane de la fenêtre ronde chez la gerbille. Les tests électrophysiologiques (produits de distorsions acoustiques, potentiel endocochléaire et potentiel d'action composite du nerf auditif) ont été réalisés avant et 6 jours après l'application de ouabaïne. A la fin des explorations fonctionnelles, les cochlées étaient prélevées et préparées pour réaliser des évaluations morphologiques en microscopie confocale et en microscopie électronique à transmission.Jusqu'à 80 µM, la ouabaïne n'entrainait aucun changement significatif des produits de distorsions acoustiques ce qui reflétait le bon fonctionnement des cellules ciliées externes, ni du potentiel endocochléaire témoin du fonctionnement normal de la strie vasculaire. En revanche, les mêmes concentrations de ouabaïne provoquaient une diminution dose-dépendante de l'amplitude du potentiel d'action composite du nerf auditif, étroitement associée à une perte de neurones ganglionnaires et de synapses afférentes. Si l'amplitude du potentiel d'action composite du nerf auditif constitue un bon indicateur du nombre et de l'état fonctionnel des neurones ganglionnaires et des synapses afférentes, ce n'est donc pas le cas pour les seuils audiométriques. En effet, ce n'était qu'avec une perte de 75 % des synapses afférentes et supérieure à 55 % des neurones ganglionnaires, qu'une élévation des seuils audiométriques était observée, après une perfusion de 80 µM de ouabaïne. A 100 µM de ouabaïne, l'élévation des seuils auditifs résultait de la perte cumulée des cellules sensorielles et de l'altération de la strie vasculaire, se surajoutant aux dommages neuronaux et synaptiques.L'ensemble de nos résultats montrait que l'application de ouabaïne sur la membrane de la fenêtre ronde chez la gerbille constitue un excellent modèle pour étudier l'impact de la perte sélective des neurones ganglionnaires sur la fonction auditive. Il apparaît aussi nécessaire de développer des outils d'investigation plus précis que le simple audiogramme pour évaluer les pertes neuronales chez l'homme
Deafness is one of the most frequent sensory deficits in our industrialized societies. Among the auditory pathologies, sensorineural deafness is the most wide-spread. Sensorineural deafness is due to a dysfunction of the cochlea involving the ionic homeostasis, loss of sensory cells and spiral ganglion neurons. While an alteration of the homeostasis or the loss of sensory cells induce inevitably the appearance of deafness, the impact of spiral ganglion neuron loss is unknown.The object of this thesis was to estimate the impact of spiral ganglion neuron losses on the auditory function. We developed a pharmacological tool capable of creating a selective loss of spiral ganglion neurons, without damaging the presynaptic structures such as the sensory cells and the stria vascularis. To do this, we applied increasing doses of ouabain to the round window membrane in the gerbil. Electrophysiological evaluations such as the distortion product otoacoustic emissions, the endocochlear potential and the compound action potentials of the cochlear nerve were recorded before and 6 days after application of ouabain. At the end of the functional evaluations, the cochlea were removed and prepared for morphological evaluations using confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Our results showed that up to a concentration of 80 µM, ouabain did not induce any significant change of the amplitude of the distortion product otoacoustic emissions, which indicated a normal functional state of the outer hair cells, nor of the endocochlear potential which reflected an intact stria vascularis. On the other hand, the same concentrations of ouabain led to a dose-dependent decrease of the amplitude of the compound action potentials, which was strictly associated with a loss of spiral ganglion neurons and afferent synapses, as assessed by morpho-anatomical analyses. If the amplitude of the compound action potentials constitutes a good indicator of the number and the functional state of the spiral ganglion neurons and the afferent synapses, it is not the case for the audiometric thresholds. Indeed, a loss of 75 % of afferent synapses and more than 55 % loss of the ganglion neurons was necessary before an elevation of the audiometric thresholds was observed in the cochleae perfused with 80 µM ouabain. At 100 µM ouabain, the elevation of the auditory thresholds may result from the accumulated loss of sensory cells, damage to the stria vascularis, in addition to the loss of the spiral ganglion neurons and afferent synapses. All these results indicate that the application of ouabain onto the round window membrane in the gerbil is an excellent model to study the impact of the selective loss of the spiral ganglion neurons on hearing function. More generally, this study points towards the necessity of developing more precise tools, beyond the simple audiogram, for the investigation of auditory neuron loss in humans
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Jech, L. E., and S. H. Husman. "Correlation between Early Season Insecticide Control of Pink Bollworm and Other Pests and Subsequent Whitefly Applications near Gila Bend, AZ, 1997." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210360.

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Cotton pesticide application histories in the Gila Basin were followed from 27 April through 20 September. The main interest was the effect of early season applications to control pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, and other pests on subsequent whitefly applications. Categories explored include, transgenic and non transgenic cotton, planting dates, and location within the valley. Regression analysis shows a significant effect due to the early season control for either P. gossypiella, or other pests (P > 0.009) but lower for them together (P > 0.026). Early applications for either PBW or other pest resulted in increased application for whitefly.
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Pena, Márcia Reis. "Bioatividade de extratos aquosos e orgânicos de diferentes plantas inseticidas sobre a mosca-negra-dos-citros, Aleurocanthus woglumiashby 1915 (Hemiptera: aleyrodidae)." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2012. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3053.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-20T12:22:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Reis Pena.pdf: 2837421 bytes, checksum: 54ea1752ee25554e075d681ef83f0ff5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-20
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Brazil is the world s largest orange producer. As of the 1980s Brazil also became the top orange juice producer. Citrus growing faces a series of agricultural problems, especially in the form of pests and diseases, placing citrus among the crops with the highest losses due to insects, mites and pathogens. Currently, the citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus woglumi) is one of the main pests, causing a reduction of fruit production as high as 80% and fruit losses of 20-80%. This study evaluates the effectiveness of insecticidal plant extracts (aqueous and organic), both native and exotic, in the control of Aleurocanthus woglumi, in laboratory conditions (29,10±0,15°C; 68,44±0,75% RH). We screened for the most promissing plants, selected the best extractor from those plants, conducted bioassays of translaminar, systemic, and topical action, and conducted chemical analyses of the most promissing extracts. The extracts or fractions were applied using an aerógrafo specific to second stage nymphs or eggs of A. woglumi. After seven or eight days of extract applications, we examined nymph mortality and egg viability. Initially, we determined CL50 with the use of aqueous almond (Azadirachta indica) extracts; subsequently we screened 14 plant species containing possible insecticides with different structures. We selected the three most promissing plant species and from these the best extractors (hexane, dichloromethane and methanol) and fractions (methanol extraction of hexane extract, liquid-liquid extraction and chromatographic fractioning); also bioassays based on mode of action (translaminar, systemic, or topical) and pretests of ovicidal and nymphicidal activity. Extracts were analyzed with joint gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Bioassay results were analyzed with ANOVA or its non-parametric equivalent, Kruskal-Wallis. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Among the aqueous extracts tested, the most promissing in the control of the citrus blackfly came from roots of ecotype C of the plant timbó (Derris floribunda), followed by almond A. indica extract and leaf extracts from Melia azedarach. In comparisons among solvents of different polarities, greatest bioactivity for the three plant species cited was obtained using the most apolar solvent (hexane). Among timbós (D. floribunda), ecotype C presented elevated toxicity to the blackfly, as much with aqueous extraction as with extraction solvents with successively increasing polarity, especially in the hexane-soluble partition. HPLC indicated that in isolation the rotenoids in timbó extracts do not cause high mortality in A. woglumi, suggesting that the toxic effect may be related to the presence of other secondary metabolites or the synergy among them. GC-MS analyses detected the presence of fatty acids, which are important in bioactivity, but whose mechanism with respect to the blackfly is not clear. Methanol-based extracts of nuts of A. indica, those of roots of D. floribunda and of leaves of M. azedarach, although lacking both translaminar and systemic action, present topical action on A. woglumi.
O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de laranja. A partir da década de 1980 consolidouse também como o maior produtor mundial de suco dessa fruta. A citricultura é afetada por inúmeros problemas fitossanitários, representados pelas pragas e doenças, estando entre os cultivos com mais perdas em vista do ataque de insetos, ácaros e patógenos. Atualmente, a mosca-negra-dos-citros é uma das principais pragas dessa cultura e pode levar à redução da frutificação em até 80% e perdas de 20 a 80% na produção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de extratos (aquosos e orgânicos) de plantas inseticidas, nativas e exóticas, no controle da mosca-negra-dos-citros, Aleurocanthus woglumi, em condições de laboratório (29,10±0,15°C; 68,44±0,75%UR). Para isso, buscou selecionar as plantas inseticidas mais promissoras (screening); selecionar o melhor extrator dentro de cada planta promissora; realizar bioensaios de ação translaminar, sistêmica e tópica e realizar a análise química dos extratos promissores. Os extratos ou frações foram aplicados com auxílio de um aerógrafo de precisão sobre ninfas de segundo estádio ou ovos de A. woglumi. Após sete ou oito dias da aplicação do extrato, foram avaliadas as mortalidades ninfais e inviabilidade dos ovos, respectivamente. Inicialmente, foi determinada a CL50 com o uso de extratos aquosos de amêndoas de Azadirachta indica, em seguida foi realizado um screening com quatorze espécies de plantas com potencial inseticida, incluindo diferentes estruturas. Foram selecionadas as três espécies de plantas inseticidas mais promissoras. Dessas espécies foram selecionados os melhores extratores (hexano, diclorometano e metanol) e frações (extração com metanol do extrato hexano, extração líquido-líquido e fracionamento cromatográfico); além de bioensaios referentes aos modos de ação (traslaminar, sistêmico e tópico) e pré-testes de atividade ovicida e ninficida. Foram realizadas análises químicas dos extratos em Cromatografia Gasosa de Alta Resolução Acoplada a Espectrômetro de Massa (CGAR-EM) e Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência Acoplada a Detector de Arranjo de Diodos CLAE/DAD. Os dados dos bioensaios foram submetidos à ANOVA ou seu equivalente não-paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas ao nível de probabilidade p < 0,05. Entre os extratos aquosos testados, o mais promissor no controle da mosca-negra-dos-citros foi o obtido a partir das raízes do ecótipo C do timbó Derris floribunda seguindo-se os extratos de amêndoas de A. indica e de folhas de Melia azedarach. Na comparação entre os solventes hexano, diclorometano e metanol, de diferentes polaridades, a maior bioatividade para as três espécies de plantas citadas é obtida com o uso do solvente mais apolar (hexano). Entre os timbós, em especial, o ecótipo C (D. floribunda) apresenta elevada toxicidade sobre a mosca-negra tanto com o uso de extratos aquosos quanto com o extrato obtido por meio de extrações sucessivas com solventes em ordem crescente de polaridade, e principalmente na partição hexano solúvel. As análises em CLAE-DAD indicam que, isoladamente, as substâncias da classe dos rotenoides nos extratos dos timbós, não provocam elevada mortalidade de A. woglumi, sugerindo que o efeito tóxico pode estar relacionado à presença de outros metabólitos secundários, além do sinergismo entre eles. As análises por CGAR-EM registram a presença de ácidos graxos, que são importantes no mecanismo da bioatividade, porém, o mecanismo de ação sobre a mosca-negra não está elucidado. Os extratos em metanol de amêndoas de A. indica, de raízes do ecótipo C do timbó D. floribunda e de folhas de M. azedarach embora não tenham ação translaminar e nem sistêmica, apresentam ação tópica sobre A.
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Bugila, Abdalbaset Abusalah Ali. "Host-parasitoid relationships of Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci (Girault), (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae), as a basis to improve biological control of pest mealybugs (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae)." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7341.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The host-parasitoid relationships of Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci were investigated, including host selection behavior, host defenses, host suitability and parasitoid functional response in relation to five mealybug species with different phylogenetic relationships and geographical origins: i) a Mediterranean native species, Planococcus ficus, with a long co-evolutionary history with the parasitoid; ii) three alien species, Planococcus citri, Pseudococcus calceolariae and Pseudococcus viburni, with a more recent co-evolutionary history; and iii) a fourth alien species, Phenacoccus peruvianus, with no previous common history with the parasitoid. The parasitoid recognized as potential hosts and complete development in all five mealybug species, but showed a clear preference for Planococcus spp. Host suitability of the studied mealybugs seems to fit a phylogenetic/biogeographic trend, showing the highest level in Pl. ficus and its closely related congener Pl. citri, followed by the Australasian Ps. calcelolariae, and the Neotropical Ps. viburni and Ph. peruvianus. The functional response of the parasitoid varied between host species, with a type II and type III responses observed for Ps. calceolariae and Pl. ficus, respectively. The results suggest that A. sp. nr. pseudococci has a broader host range and a more generalist behavior in comparison with other Anagyrus species.
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Vasconcelos, Emanuel Novaes. "A sigatoka-negra da bananeira (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet) no estado de Minas Gerais: estudo de caso." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5871.

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Black Sigatoka, caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis, is one of the most detrimental diseases for banana plantations in Brazil and worldwide. Although its occurrence in the state of Minas Gerais (MG) was first reported in 2004, the fears of economic disaster to banana growers never materialized along the past ten years. There is a clear paradox in this case, for a disease known to be devastating to this crop. Here this paradox is examined in detail and a narrative of the events that preceded and followed the first reports of the disease in MG. The initiatives taken by federal and state agencies to control the spread of the disease are discussed as well as the reasons and body of legislation behind the decisions that were taken along the years. A visit was made to the Zona da Mata region in Minas Gerais in areas regarded as being "positive" for the occurrence of the disease was performed. Interviews with banana growers in this region as well as extension workers, scientists and other professionals involved with the issue since 2004 were made. In addition, we analyzed data from surveys carried out by different groups at different occasions after the supposed outbreak in 2004. Evidence shows that the disease did not progress to new areas, and in 2007 it was not found in the areas in municipalities that are still strangely considered as "positive for the occurrence of disease". All reports from such studies (published or not) mention the contradiction between the predictions of a disastrous expansion of the disease and the observed continuation of the status quo for banana plantations for all areas in MG. Although awkward, the more acceptable hypothesis is that mistakes in identification of the pathogen have been originally committed. The final elucidation of the paradox is discussed and suggestions for modifying the federal and state legislation and regulations in order to repair the present situation and prevent the emergence of similar situations in the future are presented.
A Sigatoka-negra, causada por Mycosphaerella fijiensis, é uma das doenças mais prejudiciais à cultura da bananeira no Brasil e no mundo. Embora sua ocorrência tenha sido relatada pela primeira vez em 2004 no Estado de Minas Gerais, o temido desastre econômico esperado para os bananicultores do estado, passados dez anos, não se confirmou. Há um claro paradoxo neste caso, para uma doença sabidamente devastadora para a cultura. Realizou-se aqui um estudo deste paradoxo, pretendendo-se construir uma narrativa dos eventos que antecederam e se seguiram a esta ocorrência em MG, avaliando-se como as iniciativas para o controle da disseminação da doença foram conduzidas pelos órgãos de defesa agropecuária federal e estadual e como foram embasadas suas decisões, bem como discutindo o impasse gerado pelas imperfeições da legislação em vigor a cada tempo. Uma visita à região da Zona da Mata mineira em , em que foram feitas entrevistas com bananicultores desta região, assim como técnicos e profissionais envolvidos com o tema e que participaram de forma efetiva dos trabalhos conduzidos a partir de 2004. Além disso, analisaram-se os dados de levantamentos e monitoramentos realizados no período subsequente a 2004, mostrando que a doença não avançou para novas áreas, e que a partir de 2007 ela não foi encontrada nas áreas que ainda Todos os estudos posteriores a 2004 (publicados ou não) citam a contradição entre as previsões sobre um avanço do fungo e a observada continuação do status quo para a bananicultura mineira. A hipótese mais aceitável, embora embaraçosa, é a de que equívocos na identificação do patógeno tenham sido cometidos. A resolução final da situação paradoxal que se vive nesta questão em Minas Gerais é discutida e sugestões para a modificação da legislação e normas federais e estaduais de modo a corrigir este problema e problemas futuros são apresentadas.
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Rammal, Jamal. "Capteurs microondes en bande ISM pour la caractérisation de matériaux en champ proche et pour le suivi de l’évolution de la corrosion." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0049/document.

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Les travaux de thèse sont axés sur le développement de nouvelles techniques de caractérisation basées sur la variation de la réponse d’un résonateur, réponse modifiée par les propriétés diélectriques ou métalliques d’un matériau sous test. La première méthode utilise la microscopie microonde en champ proche pour la caractérisation résonante et non destructive de matériaux diélectriques dans la bande ISM (2,45 GHz).Celle-ci permet de déterminer les propriétés électromagnétiques (permittivité relative, tangente de pertes) des échantillons diélectriques solides de faible volumepar rapport à la longueur d’onde de mesure, et cela sans aucun traitement préalable. La connaissance de ces paramètres est essentielle pour fournir des informations critiques nécessaires pour la conception, la modélisation et la fabrication de circuits microondes. Une deuxième approche vise l’étude et le développement d’un nouveau capteur à base de céramique, économique, sensible, et pouvant s’intégrer dans un système sans fil pour la détection et la caractérisation du degré de corrosion. Ces nouveaux capteurs fournissent des informations sur l'état de l'équipement opérationnel d’une structure cible afin d'assurer la sécurité de cette dernière et par conséquent celle de leurs utilisateurs. Pour ces deux axes d’études, des simulations sur des logiciels de calcul électromagnétique ont été effectuées puis validées par des mesures expérimentales
This Ph. D thesis focuses on the development of new characterization techniques of dielectric and metallic materials in the ISM band (2.45 GHz). The first proposed method is based on non-destructive near field microave microscopy. This technique allows the determination of the electromagnetic properties (permittivity, loss tangent) of solid dielectric samples of small volume without prior treatment. The knowledge of these parameters is essential to provide critical information needed for accurately designing, modeling and manufacturing microwave circuits. A second study focuses on the development of a new, ceramic based, sensitive and economic sensor that can be integrated in a wireless system for the detection and characterization of the corrosion evolution. These new sensors provide information about the state of the operational equipment of the target structure in order to ensure the safety of these structures and therefore that of their users. In these two studies, simulations on electromagnetic calculation software have been performed and validated by experimental measurements
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Fabre, Thierry. "Contribution à l'élaboration de biomatériaux hybrides dans le cadre de la réparation de pertes de substance nerveuse périphérique." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28702.

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Pena, Márcia Reis. "Biologia da Mosca-Negra-dos-Citros, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby 1915 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em três plantas hospedeiras e uso do fungo Aschersonia sp., como agente entomopatogênico." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2007. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2654.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus woglumi) an important pest of the citrus of Asian origin, was detected in Brazil in 2001. The aim of this research was to evaluate the biology and infestation levels of A. woglumi in three host plants (orange Pêra, C. sinensis, acid lime Tahiti, Citrus latifolia and mango, M. indica) and biometry evaluations. For this, experiments were assembled in the period of January to June of 2006 at laboratory conditions. It was verified that acid lime Tahiti had been shown as the most suitable host for A. woglumi. Orange Pêra and mango are similar, being the citrus genus the most favorable to the complete development of A. woglumi. Mango is an appropriate host for A. woglumi. The duration of embrionary development was 15 days on average for the three hosts. The fourth nymph stadium was the longest when compared to the other stages of evolutive cycle. The higher viabilities were on third nymph stages, eggs and second nymph stages. The duration of egg-adult cycle was 70 days on average (2 months and 10 days) for the three hosts evaluated.
A mosca-negra-dos-citros (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby) uma importante praga dos citros de origem asiática, foi detectada no Brasil em 2001. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a biologia e os níveis de infestação de A. woglumi em três plantas hospedeiras (laranja Pêra, C. sinensis; lima ácida Tahiti, Citrus latifolia e manga, M. indica) e avaliações de biometria. Para isto, foram montados experimentos no período de janeiro a junho de 2006 em condições de laboratório. Foi verificado que lima ácida Tahiti se mostrou o hospedeiro mais favorável para A. woglumi. Laranja Pêra e manga assemelham-se; sendo que o gênero Citrus se mostrou mais favorável ao desenvolvimento completo de A. woglumi. Manga é um hospedeiro adequado para A. woglumi. A duração do desenvolvimento embrionário foi de 15 dias em média para os três hospedeiros. O estádio de ninfa 4 (pupário) foi o mais longo quando comparado com as outras fases do período desenvolvimento. As maiores viabilidades foram nas fases de ninfa 3, ovos e ninfa 2. A duração do ciclo ovo-adulto foi de 70 dias em média (2 meses e 10 dias) para os três hospedeiros avaliados.
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borghero. "Ser Lando di Fortino dalla Cicogna. Ascesa sociale e professionale di un notaio valdarnese e dei suoi discendenti dalla Peste Nera alla Firenze dei Medici." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1272731.

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La presente tesi dottorale si pone all’incrocio fra due recenti filoni storiografici della medievistica italiana ed europea: da una parte, la storia della mobilità sociale nel Tardo Medioevo, in relazione al ruolo assunto dalle competenze tecniche e professionali come canale di ascesa sociale; dall’altra, gli studi sul notariato e sui professionisti della scrittura al servizio degli enti ecclesiastici e religiosi. Obiettivo della ricerca è stata la delineazione e l’analisi della carriera professionale e dell’ascesa sociale del notaio toscano ser Lando di Fortino dalla Cicogna (1345 - †1376) e dei suoi discendenti, caso di studio emblematico circa i fenomeni di rimodulazione socio-professionale innescati dai cicli endemici di epidemia della seconda metà del XIV secolo. Professionista della scrittura originario di un piccolo castello del Valdarno Superiore, ser Lando di Fortino, proveniente da una famiglia ascrivibile alla cosiddetta ‘borghesia di contado’, tra il 1345 e il 1348 fu attivo come notaio itinerante al servizio di privati, comunità rurali, parrocchie, confraternite e ospedali del Valdarno di Sopra. Dal 1348 ser Lando divenne notaio e scriba dell’abate generale di Vallombrosa, sul vicino Pratomagno, assunzione strettamente legata alle necessità di riassestamento dell’ordine monastico gualbertiano in seguito alla crisi di mortalità e agli sconvolgimenti conseguenti all’epidemia di Peste Nera che si abbatté su Firenze e il suo contado nella primavera-estate del 1348. Assieme ad altri notai di area fiorentina e valdarnese attivi in prevalenza per la badia di Vallombrosa, ser Lando ebbe un ruolo di rilievo nel consolidamento delle pratiche di produzione e gestione documentaria dell’ordine, in parallelo all’operato di alcuni intraprendenti abati generali. Inurbatosi a Firenze nei primi anni ’50 del Trecento e divenuto un professionista di riferimento all’interno degli ambienti della Chiesa fiorentina, anche in virtù della sua attività per i vallombrosani, a partire dal 1363 ser Lando divenne notaio e scriba del vescovo e della curia vescovile di Firenze, assunzione legata, da una parte, ai rapporti sociali instaurati con importanti consorterie familiari cittadine e del contado; dall’altra, alla rinnovata crisi di mortalità dovuta al coevo ritorno della peste in città e alle necessità di riassestamento dell’episcopio e della curia vescovile. La ricerca ha inteso far luce anche sulle funzioni attribuite ai notai attivi per gli enti ecclesiastici e religiosi e sull’attività da essi svolta per le varie istituzioni con le quali erano in contatto; sui rapporti da essi intrattenuti con le famiglie e i ceti che ruotavano attorno alle istituzioni della Chiesa; sulle persone e sulle famiglie di questi notai, per alcuni dei quali la storiografia ha già delineato una mobilità e un livello sociale medio-alto. L’ascesa socio-professionale di ser Lando di Fortino, testimoniata e comprovata dalla ricchissima documentazione superstite da lui prodotta e a lui riferita, costituì infatti una solida base per i discendenti, in particolare i figli ser Benedetto (1350 ca.-1406) e ser Paolo Fortini (1370 ca.-1433), che ricoprirono incarichi di alto livello presso i pubblici uffici, divenendo cancellieri della Repubblica di Firenze al fianco di Coluccio Salutati e Leonardo Bruni. Si sarebbe inoltre legato agli ambienti dell’Umanesimo civile fiorentino il nipote Bartolomeo di ser Benedetto Fortini (1402-1470 ca.), mercante e letterato nella Firenze di età medicea.
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Silva, André Filipe Oliveira da. "A Peste Negra em Portugal Os casos do Entre-Douro-e-Minho e do Entre-Tejo-e-Odiana." Doctoral thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/137710.

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Books on the topic "Peste Nera"

1

La peste nera. Casale Monferrato (AL): Piemme, 2005.

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Ebrei in Europa: Dalla peste nera all'emancipazione XIV-XVIII secolo. Roma: Laterza, 1992.

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Foa, Anna. Ebrei in Europa: Dalla peste nera all'emancipazione XIV-XIX secolo. Roma: Laterza, 1999.

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Alessia, Melegaro, ed. Pandemie d'Italia: Dalla peste nera all'influenza suina : l'impatto sulla società. Milano: Egea, 2010.

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Cosmacini, Giorgio. Storia della medicina e della sanità in Italia: Dalla peste nera ai giorni nostri. Roma: GLF editori Laterza, 2010.

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Storia della medicina e della sanità in Italia: Dalla peste nera ai giorni nostri. Bari: Laterza, 2005.

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Ricci, Simona. "De hac vita transire": La pratica testamentaria nel Valdarno superiore all'indomani della peste nera. Figline Valdarno: Comune di Figline Valdarno, 1998.

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Centro italiano di studi sul basso Medioevo (Accademia tudertina), ed. La Peste nera: Dati di una realtà ed elementi di una interpretazione : atti del XXX Convegno storico internazionale : Todi, 10- 13 ottobre 1993. Spoleto [Italy]: Centro italiano di studi sull'alto Medioevo, 1994.

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Clemente, Maichol. White marble and the black death: Giusto Le Court at the Salute = Il marmo bianco e la peste nera : Giusto Le Court alla Salute. Venezia: Marsilio, 2019.

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Rumazo, Lupe. Peste blanca, peste negra: Novela. Caracas: Ediciones Edime, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Peste Nera"

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Dhang, Partho, Philip Koehler, Roberto Pereira, and Daniel D. Dye II. "Flies." In Key questions in urban pest management: a study and revision guide, 39–46. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620179.0005.

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Abstract This book chapter discusses flies. Filth-breeding flies are usually broken down by the pest management industry into large flies and small flies. The most common fly is the house fly, and its larvae develop in farm animal manure and decaying plant material. It is important to understand the conditions where filth-breeding fly larvae develop in order to control them in urban settings. Some of the large flies of importance are the house fly, blow fly and flesh fly. Small flies are sometimes called gnats and develop in places like drains, residues of organic matter and food waste. Other fly larvae, like blow flies and flesh flies, develop in decaying meat, dead animals, and high protein decaying waste. Apart from houseflies, the most important flies to the urban pest management industry are the filth-breeding flies. With livestock and poultry production being concentrated into small areas near urban centers, house flies can develop in manure piles and migrate into residences and commercial establishments. The filth-breeding flies are considered very important disease transmitting flies throughout most parts of the world. The food source for filth-breeding fly larvae is usually decaying plant and animal matter. They pick up disease organisms on their bodies or orally, and then move them to human food by contact with their contaminated bodies or by regurgitation of pathogens. The ability of adult flies to move rapidly from decaying plant and animal materials make them important mechanical disease vectors. The important pathogens mechanically transmitted by flies are food poisoning bacteria (Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli) and cholera.
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"La Peste Negra en Andalucía." In La construcción de la idea de la peste negra (1348-1350) como catástrofe demográfica en la historiografía española, 321–35. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzcz559.18.

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"La Peste Negra en el Principado de Cataluña." In La construcción de la idea de la peste negra (1348-1350) como catástrofe demográfica en la historiografía española, 165–94. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzcz559.10.

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"La Peste Negra en la cuenca del Duero." In La construcción de la idea de la peste negra (1348-1350) como catástrofe demográfica en la historiografía española, 265–90. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzcz559.15.

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"La Peste Negra al sur del Sistema Central:." In La construcción de la idea de la peste negra (1348-1350) como catástrofe demográfica en la historiografía española, 291–310. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzcz559.16.

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"La Peste Negra en el Reino de Murcia." In La construcción de la idea de la peste negra (1348-1350) como catástrofe demográfica en la historiografía española, 311–20. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzcz559.17.

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"La Peste Negra en el Reino de Navarra." In La construcción de la idea de la peste negra (1348-1350) como catástrofe demográfica en la historiografía española, 119–38. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzcz559.8.

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Srivastava, Anamika, Nirmala Kumari Jangid, Manish Srivastava, and Varun Rawat. "Pesticides as Water Pollutants." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 1–19. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6111-8.ch001.

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A chemical that is toxic to one animal may also be toxic to other forms of animal life. Although it might take a larger dose of pesticides to harm humans than pests, such as insects, many pesticides are still toxic to humans. The doses needed to kill a pest might not kill us, but may still harm us. Many pesticides classified as herbicides are designed to target plant pests. The exceptions to this are broad spectrum herbicides that are designed to kill a wide variety of plants. An herbicide that is specific to one or more species of plants does not ensure that it is safe to enter the water system. Some of the dangers from these chemicals are yet to be fully understood. Caution should be used to ensure that these products do not unnecessarily enter the water system. Using safe, well-planned applications of materials, such as pesticides, decreases the risk to humans and other animals. The overall picture is not as bleak as one might be imagining as the optimization of these important water resources are available at present and will also be available in the near future. Owing to the threat to water systems and mechanisms, those that may cause water to become polluted are now well-understood and precautions have been taken to protect the quality of water.
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"Peste Negra: The Fourteenth-Century Plague Epidemics in Iberia." In On the Social Origins of Medieval Institutions, 47–62. BRILL, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004477650_012.

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Vittum, Patricia J. "Insects and Near Relatives." In Turfgrass Insects of the United States and Canada, 13–21. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747953.003.0002.

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This chapter presents a taxonomy of insects. Insects and mites belong to a larger category of related animals, the phylum Arthropoda. Of all arthropods, mites and spiders are the most closely related to insects in form and function and in their status as pests that damage turfgrass. The chapter then considers the form and function of insects and mites. It looks at the types of mouthparts and turf-feeding damage of chewing and sucking insects. The chapter also studies the orders of turfgrass-damaging insects and mites. Relatively few orders of insects and mites have species destructive to turfgrass. The orders Lepidoptera and Coleoptera are by far the most important in number of destructive species present.
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Conference papers on the topic "Peste Nera"

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Ruschel Nascimento Garcez, Luciane. "REFLEXÕES SOBRE A CRISE PRESENTE NA IMAGEM: A PESTE NEGRA E O MUNDO VIRTUAL." In 30º Encontro Nacional da ANPAP - (RE)EXISTÊNCIAS. ,: Even3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/30enanpap2021.382325.

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Iavorovskii, Daniel' Olegovich. "Analysis of the foreign economic activity of the company “Sanofi” to promote products on the Russian market." In Сollection of articles. Publishing house Sreda, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-33166.

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This article contains a PEST analysis of the economic, political, technological and social factors affecting SANOFI’s foreign economic activity on the Russian market. The problems and prospects for the development of this company in the Russian market in the near future are identified.
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Ferreira, Bruno Rogério, Letícia Cristina Alves de Sousa, Kênnia Rodrigues Tassara, Débora de Jesus Pires, and Isabela Jubé Wastowski. "MEMÓRIAS: CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO DAS PRINCIPAIS PANDEMIAS NO MUNDO, DO PASSADO E PRESENTE." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Saúde Pública On-line: Uma abordagem Multiprofissional. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/3275.

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Introdução: Através das memorias, seja ela, arquivadas ou documentadas, traz para o nosso presente a história. Podendo, ser memórias do passado ou do presente. As pandemias estão constantemente gravadas na história do homem na Terra. Portanto, o passado, tem uma função social para o presente, logo, referenciar as pandemias acometidas no mundo traz para o presente as experiências, conhecimento, inovação e a mudança. Objetivo: Trazer as memórias e a contextualização das principais pandemias no mundo, do passado e presente e demonstrar a importância para a atualidade. Materiais e Métodos: Trata- se de um artigo de revisão de literatura. Foi realizada uma pesquisa nas plataformas: Bireme, PubMed, Lilacs e Google Acadêmico, usando os termos, “Pandemias no mundo”; “Peste negra ou Peste Bubônica”; “Varíola”; “Cólera”; “Gripe espanhola”; “AIDS”; “SARS”; “Ebola”; COVID-19”, incluindo o descritor Booleano “AND” Foram encontrados 131 artigos no total, após, as leituras foram selecionadas 31 artigos para a escrita do artigo. Resultados: A historicidade permite a inclusão no campo da ciência histórica de novos objetos da história. Ao longo da história, as doenças se espalharam por meio de epidemias e pandemias. Nada mudou no século XXI. A relação da sociedade com as pandemias vivenciadas no passado, é analisar os impactos na sociedade em determinada época e como reagiram, verificar como as autoridades sanitárias, optaram nas questões preventivas, quais os preconceitos disseminados à sociedade contaminada, e os conhecimentos da população sobre a doença em uma determinada época. Considerações finais: Podemos inferir, que a história nos faz enxergar quais medidas foram tomadas no passado, e cabe a nós repetir os erros, ou se avançaremos para algo melhor e confiaremos na ciência do presente.
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Kher, Swaroop V. "Development of near real-time weather based insect pest forecasting system for Alberta, Canada." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114881.

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OLIVEIRA, THIAGO DE MENDONÇA NONATO, ANA KAROLINA MORAIS CARBONE, LUCAS DE LIMA MAGALHÃES, and JOSHUA WERNER BICALHO DA ROCHA. "O USO DE GENES IMUNOLÓGICOS QUE PASSARAM POR VARIABILIDADE GENÉTICA APÓS CONTATO COM ANTÍGENOS DA PESTE NEGRA NO COMBATE A DOENÇAS INFECCIOSAS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA." In I Congresso Nacional de Pesquisas e Estudos Genéticos On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/geneticon/12791.

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AlDobai, Shoki. "Integrated pest management strategy of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, in the Near East and north African region." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.105996.

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Nascimento, Josevam Lopes do. "UMA ANÁLISE MALTHUSIANA DE COMO O PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO EUROCÊNTRICO AFETA OS BIOMAS TENDO COMO CONSEQUÊNCIA A DISSEMINAÇÃO DE VÍRUS PATOGÊNICOS (PANDEMIAS)." In I Congresso Nacional On-line de Conservação e Educação Ambiental. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1789.

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Introdução: O advento da pandemia provocada pelo COVID-19 ceifando milhares de vidas em todo o globo, tem desestruturado os processos de produção, colocando em choque estruturas econômicas que até então se mostravam sólidas faz acender mais um sinal de alerta na relação entre homem e a natureza. Sabemos que todas as epidemias registradas até então aconteceram através do contato do homem com biomas desconhecidos e com eles elementos patogênicos adversos, isto aconteceu com a peste negra na idade média, com os silvícolas americanos quando teve contato com o europeu, com a AIDS de origem africana e tantos outros. A questão que se impõe é que enquanto permanecer este modo de produção eurocêntrico tais contatos serão inevitáveis como também novas pandemias, já que as anteriores, como no caso da malária, febre amarela e possivelmente a covid-19 se tornaram endemias. Objetivos: este artigo tem como objetivos: apresentar as origens deste pensamento que de agora em diante será denominado imperialista eurocêntrico, discute atualiza a equação de Malthus colocando em evidencia o esgotamento dos recursos naturais, os limites tecnológicos impostos pelo processo de produção industrial e a cultura alimentar. Material e métodos: Através de uma revisão bibliográfica o estudo se divide em primeiro estabelecer as bases culturais do pensamento imperialista eurocêntrico, suas principais características e diferenças de outros modelos de produção; a partir da equação de Malthus analisa a intervenção governamental e a educação ambiental. Resultados: a partir dos elementos culturais constitutivos dos três elementos que compõe a visão eurocêntrica imperialista entende-se suas opções de produção e os seus custos ambientais decorrentes, a atualização malthusiana mostra sua inevitabilidade se não for mudado os modos de produção e a proliferação de outras tantas epidemias. Conclusão: este estudo aponta que somente uma intervenção governamental a nível global com uma profunda consciência ecológica é possível impedir o aparecimento e propagação de novas pandemias.
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Mazure, Gunita, and Anete Kalnina. "ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s21.066.

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The need for secure and reliable applications will increase due to the growing necessity for sustainably and independently produced energy. For example, the amount of energy generated by individuals at their homes will probably grow fast in the near future so requiring for easy-to-use and precise solutions. To transform and facilitate the processes related to energy sector it is possible to use blockchain technology. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and analyse different areas of blockchain application in the renewable energy sector. Using content, SWOT and PESTLE analysis, the results show that the main strengths and opportunities are confidentiality, immutability of recordings and potential involvement of each individual, while weaknesses and threats � scalability, compatibility and legal framework. Latvia is already using more (42.1%) renewable energy than in the European Union on average (22.1%) but in order to meet the binding targets for the Member States by 2030, the blockchain technology could promote development in this sector. The results of the study improves the scientific opinion on blockchain technology in sustainable energy field by identifying potential implementation benefits and challenges; thus, gathering the knowledge for easier moving towards real-life implementations and also highlighting the areas with the need for specific further research.
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Reports on the topic "Peste Nera"

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Mizrach, Amos, Michal Mazor, Amots Hetzroni, Joseph Grinshpun, Richard Mankin, Dennis Shuman, Nancy Epsky, and Robert Heath. Male Song as a Tool for Trapping Female Medflies. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586535.bard.

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This interdisciplinaray work combines expertise in engineering and entomology in Israel and the US, to develop an acoustic trap for mate-seeking female medflies. Medflies are among the world's most economically harmful pests, and monitoring and control efforts cost about $800 million each year in Israel and the US. Efficient traps are vitally important tools for medfly quarantine and pest management activities; they are needed for early detection, for predicting dispersal patterns and for estimating medfly abundance within infested regions. Early detection facilitates rapid response to invasions, in order to contain them. Prediction of dispersal patterns facilitates preemptive action, and estimates of the pests' abundance lead to quantification of medfly infestations and control efforts. Although olfactory attractants and traps exist for capturing male and mated female medflies, there are still no satisfactorily efficient means to attract and trap virgin and remating females (a significant and dangerous segment of the population). We proposed to explore the largely ignored mechanism of female attraction to male song that the flies use in courtship. The potential of such an approach is indicated by studies under this project. Our research involved the identification, isolation, and augmentation of the most attractive components of male medfly songs and the use of these components in the design and testing of traps incorporating acoustic lures. The project combined expertise in acoustic engineering and instrumentation, fruit fly behavior, and integrated pest management. The BARD support was provided for 1 year to enable proof-of-concept studies, aimed to determine: 1) whether mate-seeking female medflies are attracted to male songs; and 2) over what distance such attraction works. Male medfly calling song was recorded during courtship. Multiple acoustic components of male song were examined and tested for synergism with substrate vibrations produced by various surfaces, plates and loudspeakers, with natural and artificial sound playbacks. A speaker-funnel system was developed that focused the playback signal to reproduce as closely as possible the near-field spatial characteristics of the sounds produced by individual males. In initial studies, the system was tasted by observing the behavior of females while the speaker system played songs at various intensities. Through morning and early afternoon periods of peak sexual activity, virgin female medflies landed on a sheet of filter paper at the funnel outlet and stayed longer during broadcasting than during the silent part of the cycle. In later studies, females were captured on sticky paper at the funnel outlet. The mean capture rates were 67 and 44%, respectively, during sound emission and silent control periods. The findings confirmed that female trapping was improved if a male calling song was played. The second stage of the research focused on estimating the trapping range. Initial results indicated that the range possibly extended to 70 cm, but additional, verification tests remain to be conducted. Further studies are planned also to consider effects of combining acoustic and pheromonal cues.
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Sela, Hanan, Eduard Akhunov, and Brian J. Steffenson. Population genomics, linkage disequilibrium and association mapping of stripe rust resistance genes in wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598170.bard.

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The primary goals of this project were: (1) development of a genetically characterized association panel of wild emmer for high resolution analysis of the genetic basis of complex traits; (2) characterization and mapping of genes and QTL for seedling and adult plant resistance to stripe rust in wild emmer populations; (3) characterization of LD patterns along wild emmer chromosomes; (4) elucidation of the multi-locus genetic structure of wild emmer populations and its correlation with geo-climatic variables at the collection sites. Introduction In recent years, Stripe (yellow) rust (Yr) caused by Pucciniastriiformis f. sp. tritici(PST) has become a major threat to wheat crops in many parts of the world. New races have overcome most of the known resistances. It is essential, therefore, that the search for new genes will continue, followed by their mapping by molecular markers and introgression into the elite varieties by marker-assisted selection (MAS). The reservoir of genes for disease and pest resistance in wild emmer wheat (Triticumdicoccoides) is an important resource that must be made available to wheat breeders. The majority of resistance genes that were introgressed so far in cultivated wheat are resistance (R) genes. These genes, though confering near-immunity from the seedling stage, are often overcome by the pathogen in a short period after being deployed over vast production areas. On the other hand, adult-plant resistance (APR) is usually more durable since it is, in many cases, polygenic and confers partial resistance that may put less selective pressure on the pathogen. In this project, we have screened a collection of 480 wild emmer accessions originating from Israel for APR and seedling resistance to PST. Seedling resistance was tested against one Israeli and 3 North American PST isolates. APR was tested on accessions that did not have seedling resistance. The APR screen was conducted in two fields in Israel and in one field in the USA over 3 years for a total of 11 replicates. We have found about 20 accessions that have moderate stripe rust APR with infection type (IT<5), and about 20 additional accessions that have novel seedling resistance (IT<3). We have genotyped the collection using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and the 90K SNP chip array. GBS yielded a total 341K SNP that were filtered to 150K informative SNP. The 90K assay resulted in 11K informative SNP. We have conducted a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) and found one significant locus on 6BL ( -log p >5). Two novel loci were found for seedling resistance. Further investigation of the 6BL locus and the effect of Yr36 showed that the 6BL locus and the Yr36 have additive effect and that the presence of favorable alleles of both loci results in reduction of 2 grades in the IT score. To identify alleles conferring adaption to extreme climatic conditions, we have associated the patterns of genomic variation in wild emmer with historic climate data from the accessions’ collection sites. The analysis of population stratification revealed four genetically distinct groups of wild emmer accessions coinciding with their geographic distribution. Partitioning of genomic variance showed that geographic location and climate together explain 43% of SNPs among emmer accessions with 19% of SNPs affected by climatic factors. The top three bioclimatic factors driving SNP distribution were temperature seasonality, precipitation seasonality, and isothermality. Association mapping approaches revealed 57 SNPs associated with these bio-climatic variables. Out of 21 unique genomic regions controlling heading date variation, 10 (~50%) overlapped with SNPs showing significant association with at least one of the three bioclimatic variables. This result suggests that a substantial part of the genomic variation associated with local adaptation in wild emmer is driven by selection acting on loci regulating flowering. Conclusions: Wild emmer can serve as a good source for novel APR and seedling R genes for stripe rust resistance. APR for stripe rust is a complex trait conferred by several loci that may have an additive effect. GWAS is feasible in the wild emmer population, however, its detection power is limited. A panel of wild emmer tagged with more than 150K SNP is available for further GWAS of important traits. The insights gained by the bioclimatic-gentic associations should be taken into consideration when planning conservation strategies.
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