Relevant bibliographies by topics / PERVs (Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses)

Academic literature on the topic 'PERVs (Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "PERVs (Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses)"

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Mang, Rui, Jolanda Maas, Xianghong Chen, Jaap Goudsmit, and Antoinette C. van der Kuyl. "Identification of a novel type C porcine endogenous retrovirus: evidence that copy number of endogenous retroviruses increases during host inbreeding." Journal of General Virology 82, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-8-1829.

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Different classes of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs), which have the potential to infect humans during xenotransplantation, have been isolated from the pig genome. Because vertebrate genomes may contain numerous endogenous retrovirus sequences, the pig genome was examined for additional endogenous retroviruses, resulting in the isolation of a novel, complete endogenous retrovirus genome, designated PERV-E. The gag, pol and env genes of PERV-E are closely related to those of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) 4-1, which belongs to the HERV-E family. Results of studies to determine the presence and copy number of PERVs demonstrated that PERV-E and PERV-A/B-like proviruses were present in all genomes tested, but that PERV-C was not found in two of the species examined, including wild boar. Multiple copies of PERVs could be found in each pig genome. Among all of the pig genomes tested, the wild boar genome had the lowest copy number of all PERVs, suggesting that the number of integrations of complete endogenous retroviruses is increased by inbreeding.
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Lee, Jun-Heon, Graham C. Webb, Richard D. M. Allen, and Chris Moran. "Characterizing and Mapping Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in Westran Pigs." Journal of Virology 76, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 5548–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.11.5548-5556.2002.

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ABSTRACT Since porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) can infect cultured human cells, they are a potential hazard to xenotransplantation. For this reason, endogenous retroviruses from the Westran (Westmead Hospital transplantation) inbred line of pigs were analyzed by using consensus primers for the type A and type B viruses to amplify 1.8-kb envelope gene fragments. After preliminary analysis with restriction enzymes KpnI and MboI, 31 clones were sequenced. Between types A and B, five recombinant clones were identified. Fifty-five percent of clones (17 of 31) had premature stop codons within the envelope protein-encoding region. Endogenous retroviruses in Westran pigs were physically mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using PERV-A and PERV-B envelope clones as probes to identify at least 32 integration sites (19 PERV-A sites and 13 PERV-B sites). The chromosomal sites of integration in the Westran strain are quite different from those in the European Large White pig. The recombinant clones suggest that defective PERVs could become infective through recombination and further that PERVs might recombine with human endogenous retroviruses in xenotransplants.
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Wolf, Gernot, Anders Lade Nielsen, Jacob Giehm Mikkelsen, and Finn Skou Pedersen. "Epigenetic marking and repression of porcine endogenous retroviruses." Journal of General Virology 94, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 960–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.049288-0.

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Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of retroviral germ line infections and have been identified in all mammals investigated so far. Although the majority of ERVs are degenerated, some mammalian species, such as mice and pigs, carry replication-competent ERVs capable of forming infectious viral particles. In mice, ERVs are silenced by DNA methylation and histone modifications and some exogenous retroviruses were shown to be transcriptionally repressed after integration by a primer-binding site (PBS) targeting mechanism. However, epigenetic repression of porcine ERVs (PERVs) has remained largely unexplored so far. In this study, we screened the pig genome for PERVs using LTRharvest, a tool for de novo detection of ERVs, and investigated various aspects of epigenetic repression of three unrelated PERV families. We found that these PERV families are differentially up- or downregulated upon chemical inhibition of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation in cultured porcine cells. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed repressive histone methylation marks at PERV loci in primary porcine embryonic germ cells and immortalized embryonic kidney cells. PERV elements belonging to the PERV-γ1 family, which is the only known PERV family that has remained active up to the present, were marked by significantly higher levels of histone methylations than PERV-γ2 and PERV-β3 proviruses. Finally, we tested three PERV-associated PBS sequences for repression activity in murine and porcine cells using retroviral transduction experiments and showed that none of these PBS sequences induced immediate transcriptional silencing in the tested primary porcine cells.
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Oldmixon, Beth A., James C. Wood, Thomas A. Ericsson, Carolyn A. Wilson, Mary E. White-Scharf, Goran Andersson, Julia L. Greenstein, Henk-Jan Schuurman, and Clive Patience. "Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Transmission Characteristics of an Inbred Herd of Miniature Swine." Journal of Virology 76, no. 6 (March 15, 2002): 3045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.6.3045-3048.2002.

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ABSTRACT Here we report the identification of inbred miniature swine that failed to produce human-tropic replication-competent porcine endogenous retroviruses (HTRC PERVs), using in vitro coculture assays. When HTRC PERVs were isolated from transmitting animals, all were recombinant viruses, with the receptor-binding domain of PERV-A combining with PERV-C-related sequences.
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Lavillette, Dimitri, and David Kabat. "Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses Infect Cells Lacking Cognate Receptors by an Alternative Pathway: Implications for Retrovirus Evolution and Xenotransplantation." Journal of Virology 78, no. 16 (August 15, 2004): 8868–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.16.8868-8877.2004.

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ABSTRACT A PHQ motif near the amino termini of gammaretroviral envelope glycoprotein surface (SU) subunits is important for infectivity but not for incorporation into virions or binding to cognate receptors. The H residue of this motif is most critical, with all substitutions we tested being inactive. Interestingly, porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) of all three host-range groups, A, B, and C, lack full PHQ motifs, but most members have an H residue at position 10. H10A PERV mutants are noninfectious but were efficiently transactivated by adding to the assays a PHQ-containing SU or receptor-binding subdomain (RBD) derived from a gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV). A requirement of this transactivation was a functional GALV receptor on the cells. In contrast to this heterologous transactivation, PERV RBDs and SUs were inactive in all tested cells, including porcine ST-IOWA cells. Surprisingly, transactivation by GALV RBD enabled wild-type or H10A mutant PERVs of all three host-range groups to efficiently infect cells from humans and rodents that lack functional PERV receptors and it substantially enhanced infectivities of wild-type PERVs, even for cells with PERV receptors. Thus, PERVs can suboptimally infect cells that contain cognate receptors or they can employ a transactivation pathway to more efficiently infect all cells. This ability to infect cells lacking cognate receptors was previously demonstrated only for nontransmissible variant gammaretroviruses with recombinant and mutant envelope glycoproteins. We conclude that some endogenously inherited mammalian retroviruses also have a receptor-independent means for overcoming host-range and interference barriers, implying a need for caution in xenotransplantation, especially of porcine tissues.
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Denner, Joachim. "How Active Are Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERVs)?" Viruses 8, no. 8 (August 3, 2016): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v8080215.

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Denner, Joachim. "The origin of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs)." Archives of Virology 166, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04925-8.

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Krüger, Luise, Milena Stillfried, Carolin Prinz, Vanessa Schröder, Lena Katharina Neubert, and Joachim Denner. "Copy Number and Prevalence of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERVs) in German Wild Boars." Viruses 12, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12040419.

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Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are integrated in the genome of pigs and are transmitted like cellular genes from parents to the offspring. Whereas PERV-A and PERV-B are present in all pigs, PERV-C was found to be in many, but not all pigs. When PERV-C is present, recombination with PERV-A may happen and the PERV-A/C recombinants are characterized by a high replication rate. Until now, nothing has been known about the copy number of PERVs in wild boars and little is known about the prevalence of the phylogenetically youngest PERV-C in ancient wild boars. Here we investigated for the first time the copy number of PERVs in different populations of wild boars in and around Berlin using droplet digital PCR. Copy numbers between 3 and 69 per genome have been measured. A lower number but a higher variability was found compared to domestic pigs, including minipigs reported earlier (Fiebig et al., Xenotransplantation, 2018). The wild boar populations differed genetically and had been isolated during the existence of the Berlin wall. Despite this, the variations in copy number were larger in a single population compared to the differences between the populations. PERV-C was found in all 92 analyzed animals. Differences in the copy number of PERV in different organs of a single wild boar indicate that PERVs are also active in wild boars, replicating and infecting new cells as has been shown in domestic pigs.
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Takeuchi, Yasuhiro, Clive Patience, Saema Magre, Robin A. Weiss, Papia T. Banerjee, Paul Le Tissier, and Jonathan P. Stoye. "Host Range and Interference Studies of Three Classes of Pig Endogenous Retrovirus." Journal of Virology 72, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 9986–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.12.9986-9991.1998.

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ABSTRACT Recent interest in the use of porcine organs, tissues, and cells for xenotransplantation to humans has highlighted the need to characterize the properties of pig endogenous retroviruses (PERVs). Analysis of a variety of pig cells allowed us to isolate and identify three classes of infectious type C endogenous retrovirus (PERV-A, PERV-B, and PERV-C) which have distinct env genes but have highly homologous sequences in the rest of the genome. To study the properties of these env genes, expression plasmids for the three env genes were constructed and used to generate retrovirus vectors bearing corresponding Env proteins. Host range analyses by the vector transduction assay showed that PERV-A and PERV-B Envs have wider host ranges, including several human cell lines, compared with PERV-C Env, which infected only two pig cell lines and one human cell line. All PERVs could infect pig cells, indicating that the PERVs have a potential to replicate in pig transplants in immunosuppressed patients. Receptors for PERV-A and PERV-B were present on cells of some other species, including mink, rat, mouse, and dog, suggesting that such species may provide useful model systems to study infection and pathogenicity of PERV. In contrast, no vector transduction was observed on nonhuman primate cell lines, casting doubt on the utility of nonhuman primates as models for PERV zoonosis. Interference studies showed that the three PERV strains use receptors distinct from each other and from a number of other type C mammalian retroviruses.
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Yang, L., M. Guell, D. Niu, H. George, E. Lesha, D. Grishin, J. Aach, et al. "Genome-wide inactivation of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs)." Science 350, no. 6264 (October 11, 2015): 1101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aad1191.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PERVs (Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses)"

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Lee, Jun Heon. "Characterising and Mapping Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERVs)." University of Sydney, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/366.

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The initial focus of this PhD project was on comparative gene mapping. Comparative gene mapping is facilitated by consensus PCR primers which amplify homologous gene fragments in many species. As a part of an international co-ordinated programme of comparative mapping in pigs, 47 CATS (Comparative Anchor Tagged Sequence) consensus primer pairs for loci located on human chromosomes 9, 10, 20, and 22, were used for amplifying homologous loci in pigs. After optimization of PCR conditions, 23 CATS products have confirmed by comparison with homologous sequences in GenBank. A French somatic cell hybrid panel was used to physically map the 6 porcine CATS products distinguishable from rodent background product, namely ADRA1A, ADRA2A, ARSA, GNAS1, OXT and TOP1. Of these, the map location of ADRA1A and OXT showed inconsistency with the previously recognised conserved relationship between human and pig. The other four loci mapped to positions consistent with known syntenic relationships. Despite low levels of polymorphism, frequently indistinguishable rodent and porcine products in somatic hybrids and some confusion of identity of gene family members, these CATS primers have made a useful contribution to the porcine-human comparative map. The focus of the project then changed to genetic and molecular characterisation of endogenous retroviruses in pigs and their relatives. Pigs are regarded as a potentially good source of organs and tissues for transplantation into humans. However, porcine endogenous retroviruses have emerged as a possible problem as they can infect cultured human cells. Two main types of pig retrovirus, determined by envelope protein, PERV-A and PERV-B, are widely distributed in different pig breeds and a third less common type, PERV-C, has also been recognised. Endogenous retroviruses were analyzed from the Westran (Westmead transplantation) inbred line of pig, specially bred for biomedical research. Thirty-one 1.8 kb env PCR product clones were sequenced after preliminary screening with the restriction enzymes KpnI and MboI. Five recombinant clones between A and B were identified. 55% of clones (17/31) sequenced had stop codons within the envelope protein-encoding region, which would prevent the retrovirus from making full-length envelope protein recognizable by cell-surface receptors of the virus. The endogenous viruses were physically mapped in Westran pigs by FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation) using PERV-A and PERV-B envelope clones as probes. Preliminary FISH data suggest that there are at least 22 PERVs (13 PERV-A and 9 PERV-B) and the chromosomal locations of these in the Westran strain are quite different from European Large White pigs. The sequences and mapping results of inbred Westran pig suggest that there are relatively few PERV integration sites compared with commercial pigs and further that a large proportion of clones are defective due to premature stop codons in the envelope gene. To investigate the relationship of endogenous retroviruses in peccaries and pigs, a set of degenerate primers was used to amplify peccary retroviral sequences. The sequences of two putative retroviral clones showed close homology, albeit with a 534 bp deletion, to mouse and pig retroviral sequences. Also, four non-target sequences were amplified from peccary with the degenerate retroviral primers. They are a part of the peccary cofilin gene, a SINE, and a sequence containing a microsatellite. The peccary endogenous retroviral sequences are significant in that they are the first such sequences reported in peccary species and repudiate old claims in the literature that peccaries do not have C-type retroviral sequences.
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Wali, Rashmi. "Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) : integration and inhibition." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.688320.

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Semaan, Marwan [Verfasser]. "Xenotransplantation: Reduction of the risk of transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) / Marwan Semaan." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053959672/34.

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Al-shehabi, Hussein Ali Nasser [Verfasser]. "The role of human SAMHD1 in restricting porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) and the innate immune response to PERV infection in human primary immune cells / Hussein Ali Nasser Al-shehabi." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215099088/34.

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Al-shehabi, Hussein [Verfasser]. "The role of human SAMHD1 in restricting porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) and the innate immune response to PERV infection in human primary immune cells / Hussein Ali Nasser Al-shehabi." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215099088/34.

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Lee, Jun Heon. "Characterising and mapping porcine endogenous retroviruses." Connect to full text, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/366.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2000.
Includes tables. Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 22, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Harrison, Ian Peter. "Determinants of high titre in recombinant porcine endogenous retroviruses." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444440/.

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Pigs are a potential organ source for xenotransplantation, however the production of replication competent virus from endogenous loci possess a threat of a zoonotic infection. Two classes of human tropic replication competent (HTRC) virus are produced PERV-A and -B, while one ecotropic class is also expressed, PERV-C. Miniature swine have been bred to remove all the HTRC loci but human tropic virus was still produced and identified as PERV-A/C recombinants. Some of these AJC recombinants replicate on human cells with increased infectivity compared to PERV- A, one such is PERV-BTI which is approximately 500-fold more infectious. In this study we have confirmed the increased infectivity of PERV-BTI and shown that particles are produced from chronically infected cell lines at similar rate. Comparison of the LTR activity and gag-pol found a 3 to 8-fold increase in PERV- BTI infectivity while comparison of MLV particles pseudotyped with the PERV-Env identified this as the major determinant of the increased infectivity. More detailed investigation identified a substitution of isoleucine to valine at position 140 near the VRC in the RBD and the Proline Rich Region (PRR) as causing the increased Env infectivity. The recombination event resulting in PERV-BTI has produced a novel juxtaposition of the two epitopes, each of which is derived from a different parental sequence, which has resulted in a more infectious virus. Investigations of the biological consequence of the recombination have found that the PERV-C derived PRR increases Env incorporation into budded particles. PERV-BTI was found to have an extended host-range as it can infect cells expressing the human PERV-A receptor (HuPAR-1) whereas PERV-A is effectively restricted to infection on the HuPAR-2 receptor. No difference was identified with the membrane fusion ability of either Env. It is postulated that the BTI Env has increased affinity for the HuPAR receptors, specifically HuPAR-1, caused by the modification of the tertiary structure of the receptor binding domain. And that this is mediated by the PRR, a binding assay will be developed to investigate this. Finally, a DNA shuffling system has been developed to evaluate other AJC recombinants and confirm the relevance of position 140 and the PRR in increased infectivity. This will also facilitate a study on the potential and consequences of the production of a PERV-B/C recombinant.
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Mahoney, Catherine H. "Studies using pseudotyped retroviral vectors." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312721.

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Al, Andary Elsy. "Étude comparative des processus intégratifs des rétrovirus aviaires et porcins." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866109.

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Les rétrovirus sont des virus à ARN, enveloppés présents dans de nombreuses espèces animales de rente, chez les animaux de compagnie et chez l'homme. Une des particularités des rétrovirus concerne l'intégration du génome viral au sein du génome de la cellule infectée; cette intégration est réalisée par une enzyme virale, l'intégrase. Le projet de cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de cette enzyme notamment en identifiant des facteurs cellulaires interagissant avec celle-ci, facteurs qui pourraient être des agents favorisant le processus intégratif ou, au contraire, des agents restrictifs. Les intégrases de deux modèles de rétrovirus ont été utilisées dans cette étude : L'intégrase de RAV1, un rétrovirus exogène aviaire du genre des alpharétrovirus appartenant au sous-groupe A de la famille des ASLV. Cette enzyme virale est largement étudiée soit au niveau structural ou fonctionnel, mais les données concernant ses partenaires cellulaires sont rares et insuffisantes. La seconde intégrase est celle du PERV A/C, un rétrovirus endogène porcin du genre gammarétrovirus. Aucune information sur cette enzyme n'a été décrite jusqu'à présent. Ces deux enzymes, en fusion avec une étiquette 6xHistidine, ont été donc produites en bactérie, et en cellules d'insecte puis purifiées sur colonne d'affinité en FPLC. Leurs activités catalytiques ont été testées in vitro. Ces tests permettent de valoriser la capacité de l'intégrase à exercer principalement les 2 fonctions dont elle est responsable in vivo, le clivage en 3' et le transfert de brins, et une activité qu'elle exerce exclusivement in vitro, la désintégration. Les protéines pures et actives ont ensuite servies à la vérification de leur interaction avec une protéine cellulaire, Brd2. La technique 'Far western blot' a ainsi permis de valider l'interaction entre l'intégrase de PERV et la protéine cellulaire, puis d'identifier les domaines de l'intégrase et de Brd2 impliqués dans cette interaction. A terme, l'identification de ce facteur cellulaire et la validation de son rôle dans le processus intégratif permettront de mieux comprendre ce processus particulier développé par les rétrovirus et pourront conduire au développement d'inhibiteurs dirigés contre cette interaction
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Irgang, Markus. "Evaluierung der biologischen Sicherheit von Xenotransplantaten." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97650149X.

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Book chapters on the topic "PERVs (Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses)"

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"PERV (porcine endogenous retrovirus)." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 1469. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_12596.

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Scobie, Linda, and Olga Garkavenko. "Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in Xenotransplantation." In The Minipig in Biomedical Research, 387–96. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11356-32.

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