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Rambow-Larsen, Amy Alison. "Assembly and secretion of pertussis toxin by bordetella pertussis." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1066417734.
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RAMBOW-LARSEN, AMY ALISON. "ASSEMBLY AND SECRETION OF PERTUSSIS TOXIN BY BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1066417734.
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Hegerle, Nicolas. "Evolution of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis under acellular Pertussis vaccine pressure : What future for whooping cough and Pertussis vaccination ?" Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077038.
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La coqueluche est une maladie respiratoire dangereuse pour les nouveaux nés non vaccinés. Celle-ci est causée par Bordetella pertussis et Bordetella parapertussis, deux bactéries à gram négatif dont le seul hôte connu est l'homme. L'introduction de la vaccination contre B. Pertussis, le pathogène majoritairement responsable de cette maladie, à grandement impacté l'épidémiologie de la coqueluche ainsi que les populations de B. Pertussis circulant dans la population humaine. Les premier vaccins introduit dans les 1950 et utilisés pour la primo vaccination et le rappel enfant, dit à germes entier, ont permit de contrôler les isolats circulants semblables aux souches vaccinales. L'introduction des vaccines acellulaire, ne ciblant que quelques antigènes bactériens, pour le rappel adolescent puis pour la primo-vaccination et le rappel adulte a changé la donne. En plus d'un changement de l'immunité induite par le vaccin on a assisté à une augmentation de l'immunité vaccinale au sein de la population. Quelques années après l'introduction des vaccins acellulaires nous avons mis en évidence l'augmentation de la prévalence d'isolat n'exprimant plus un des antigènes vaccinaux alors que la population restait inchangée par rapport à l'ère post-germe entier au niveau génétique. La caractérisation phénotypique des ces isolats nous a permit de montrer qu'ils n'étaient pas plus virulent dans différents modèles in vitro ou in vivo mais qu'ils pouvaient présenter un avantage sélectif dans population immunisée par des vaccins acellulaires ciblant cet antigène en question. Bien que les vaccins restent efficaces, la surveillance doit continuerWhooping cough is an acute respiratory disease life threatening for unvaccinated young children. It is caused by Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis, two gram-negative bacteria restricted to humans. The introduction of vaccination against B. Pertussis in the 1950s greatly changed the epidemiology of pertussis as well as the bacterial population itself. Whole cell vaccines were first introduced for children immunization and first booster and enabled to control isolates similar to strains included in the vaccines. Acellular pertussis vaccines, only targeting few bacterial antigens, were later introduced for adolescent booster vaccination before being generalized to the whole population, including adults and new-borns. In addition to a change in the type of vaccine-induced immunity, B. Pertussis also had to face increased herd immunity. Few years alter acellular pertussis vaccine introduction we demonstrated a temporal increase in the prevalence of isolates lacking the production of one vaccine antigen, pertactin, while the population remained quite monomorphic at the genetic level as compare to the post-whole cell vaccine era (allelic stability of known virulence factors). We characterized these isolates at the phenotypic level and demonstrated that they remain as virulent in different in vitro and in vivo models of host pathogen interaction while they might present a selective advantage in an acellular immunized background targeting pertactin. Although vaccines remain effective, surveillance must continue to follow the evolution of these isolate prevalence and the possible impact of pertactin loss on vaccine effectiveness
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Phillips, Linda Jane. "Immunization against Bordetella pertussis." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9871.
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Smith, Maureen. "Studies on the modification of insulin secretion by pertussis vaccine and pertussis toxin." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303295.
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Smith, Colin J. "Genetic studies with Bordetella pertussis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1986. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1505/.
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Lewandowski, Anna Zofia. "Antigenic variation in Bordetella pertussis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60480.pdf.
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Sidey, Fiona M. "Metabolic effects of Bordetella pertussis." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20352.
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The present work confirmed that B. pertussis infection or pertussis toxin produce hypoglycaemia in mice. The hypoglycaemia was associated with hyperinsulinaemia, and both were abolished by destruction of the pancreatic β cells with alloxan. Impaired glucose counterregulatory mechanisms may also contribute to pertussis-induced hypoglycaemia, as the hypoglycaemic action of insulin was prolonged in pertussis infected mice. On the other hand, impaired responsiveness to lower doses of insulin was found. Pertussis-induced hyperinsulinaemia had two components. First, the increase in serum insulin in response to food intake was both greater and more prolonged in pertussis-infected mice. Second, infected or pertussis toxin-treated animals, unlike controls, showed a marked increase in serum insulin in response to certain stresses, such as ether, histamine, anoxia and 2-deoxyglucose. However, other stresses (LPS, cold and hypoxia) did not cause hyperinsulinaemia in pertussis infected mice. Stress-induced hyperinsulinaemia was also seen in normal mice receiving the a2- adrenoceptor blocking drug idazoxan. Stress-induced hyperinsulinaemia in a2 adrenoceptor blocked mice, but not in pertussis-treated mice, was prevented by β adrenoceptor blockade using propranolol. Adrenal demedullation or ganglionic blockade (using hexamethonium) in normal mice also allowed stress induced hyperinsulinaemia. Thus, adrenal medullary catecholamines may normally serve to prevent stress induced hyperinsulinaemia, which becomes unmasked when they are absent or when their action is prevented. Stress-induced hyperinsulinaemia in pertussis treated mice was unlikely to involve autonomic, cholinergic oropioid mechanisms as it was not blocked by hexamethonium, atropine or naloxone. Human infants with pertussis showed no hypoglycaemia compared with non-pertussis controls, although their plasma insulin concentrations were slightly but significantly raised. It remains possible that hyperinsulinaemia with resultant profound hypoglycaemia might occur in susceptible patients following exposure to pertussis-toxin (either during the disease or following vaccination).
9
Ladant, Daniel. "L'adenyl cyclase de bordetella pertussis." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077200.
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Bordetella pertussis, l'agent de la coqueluche secrete une adenyl cyclase qui constitue l'un des principaux facteurs de virulence de cet organisme. Cet enzyme bacterien presente l'originalite d'etre active par la calmoduline, une proteine regulatrice eucaryote. Nous avons purifie l'adenyl cyclase a l'homogeneite; elle possede l'activite specifique la plus elevee connue pour cette classe d'enzymes. Elle est constituee d'une chaine polypeptidique de 43-50 kilodaltons qui fixe une molecule de calmoduline avec une grande affinite. Par proteolyse limitee du complexe adenyl cyclase/calmoduline, nous avons identifie, dans la molecule d'adenyl cyclase, deux domaines d'interaction avec la calmoduline. Le clonage du gene de l'adenyl cyclase de b. Pertussis nous a permis d'etudier et de caracteriser la proteine exprimee chez e. Coli. La determination de la sequence nucleotidique du gene a revele l'existence d'une phase ouverte de 1706 acides amines: l'adenyl cyclase se situe dans la partie n-terminale; la partie c-terminale presente une homologie de sequence avec l'hemolysine d'e. Coli. Ces donnees suggerent que l'adenyl cyclase pourrait etre synthetisee sous forme d'un precurseur commun, adenyl cyclase-hemolysine. Un tel precurseur, d'un poids moleculaire apparent de 200 kilodaltons a ete identifie dans les souches virulentes de b. Pertussis; nous avons montre que, dans certaines conditions de culture, cette forme d'adenyl cyclase de 200 kilodaltons peut etre secretee par b. Pertussis sans proteolyse. Enfin, nous avons mis en evidence une parente antigenique entre les adenyl cyclases calmoduline-dependantes de b. Pertussis et de cerveau de rat. L'hypothese d'une origine evolutive commune pour ces deux enzymes est ainsi serieusement etayee
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Goard, Jody Ruth. "An Ecological Perspective on Pertussis." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2537.
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In 2012, 48,277 cases of pertussis were diagnosed in the United States. Pertussis, otherwise known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious, often debilitating, sometimes deadly, vaccine-preventable disease with an increasing incidence and death rate in the U.S, which may be due to vaccine exemptions. The purpose of this project was to determine if a relationship exists between immunization policies and immunization exemption rates, immunization exemption rates and pertussis rates, and immunization policies and pertussis rates in each state. Bronfenbrenner's bio-ecological framework was used to guide the project. Publically available data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), schools of public health, state health departments, and public health officials were retrieved for this cross-sectional, ecological comparison study. Spearman's r product-moment correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between the variables. States with lenient vaccine laws had higher exemption rates (r = .359, p < .01), and states with higher exemption rates had higher pertussis rates (r = .470, p < .01). Finally, states with lenient vaccine laws had higher pertussis rates (r = .111, p = 0.439). This project should be added to the literature used to inform and educate the public as well as influence policy makers. As a result of this study, arguments for eliminating non-medical vaccine exemptions should be strengthened. As policies are changed, social change should follow in the form of decreased immunization exemption rates and decreased pertussis rates.
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GOYARD, SOPHIE. "Regulation de l'adenylcyclase de bordetella pertussis." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066107.
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B. Pertussis, agent pathogene de la coqueluche, produit de nombreux facteurs de virulence dont la toxine adenylcyclase. Cet enzyme est active par une proteine eucaryote, la calmoduline ; particularite partagee avec une autre adenylcyclase bacterienne, celle de b. Anthracis, agent du charbon. Ces deux adenylcyclases comportent un motif peptidique hautement conserve que nous avons caracterise comme faisant partie du site catalytique de ces deux enzymes. Des anticorps diriges contre ce motif conserve nous ont permis de preciser une parente immunologique entre les deux adenylcyclases bacteriennes calmoduline-dependantes et la sous-unite catalytique de l'adenylcyclase de cerveau de rat. Chez b. Pertussis, l'expression des genes codant pour les facteurs de virulence est regulee de facon coordonnee en reponse a des signaux de l'environnement par les produits du locus bvg. Nous avons etudie la regulation du gene de l'adenylcyclase, cyaa chez e. Coli et chez b. Pertussis. Nous avons montre que le promoteur du gene cyaa n'est pas active chez e. Coli par les produits du locus bvg introduit en trans. Afin de mieux comprendre la regulation de ce promoteur, nous avons entrepris sa caracterisation et determine les regions impliquees dans son activation soit par deletion, soit par mutagenese. Ceci nous a egalement permis d'isoler des mutations conduisant a l'expression constitutive du gene cyaa, aussi bien chez e. Coli que chez b. Pertussis. L'ensemble des nos resultats suggere l'existence de sites multiples et d'une regulation complexe necessitant la presence de differentes proteines
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Tallett, April. "Structure and function of pertussis toxin." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20238.
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Advani, Abdolreza. "Epidemiological characterisation of Bordatella pertussis in Sweden, 1970-2004 /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-052-7/.
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del, Valle-Mendoza Juana, Wilmer Silva-Caso, Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis, Valle-Vargas Cristina del, Erico Cieza-Mora, Johanna Martins-Luna, Ronald Aquino-Ortega, Andrea Silva-Vásquez, Jorge Bazán-Mayra, and Pablo Weilg. "Bordetella pertussis in children hospitalized with a respiratory infection: clinical characteristics and pathogen detection in household contacts." BioMed Central Ltd, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624653.
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Objective: Describe the prevalence of Bordetella pertussis via PCR in children under 5 years old hospitalized as probable cases of pertussis and report the most common clinical features among them. Results: A positive PCR result for B. pertussis was observed in 20.5% of our samples (18/88), one-third of them were from infants between 2 and 3 months old. The most common symptoms were paroxysms of coughing (88.9%), difficulty breathing (72.2%), cyanosis (77.8%) and fever (50%). The mother was the most common symptomatic carrier (27.8%), followed by uncles/aunts (22.2%) among children with pertussis.This work was supported by fourth research incentive of the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima‑Peru.
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Leusch, Mark Steven. "Purification and characterization of adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184998.
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Bordetella pertussis produces a number of virulence determinants believed to contribute to its survival in the host as well as to the pathogenesis of disease. One of these factors, adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT), has been implicated to penetrate human neutrophils and macrophages and abrogate their function by virtue of unregulated production of intracellular cAMP. In order to adequately study the nature of ACT and its role in pathogenesis, it is necessary to isolate the toxin from other virulence factors produced by the organism. Attempts by other investigators to purify ACT and maintain both its invasive and catalytic properties have not been successful. B. pertussis produces a cell associated ACT during mid-log phase of growth in Stainer-Scholte medium. Purification of ACT with both activities from urea extracted whole cells has been achieved by hydroxylapatite and calmodulin-sepharose chromatography. ACT is a single protein of 220 kd molecular weight with an isoelectric point of 7.0. The protein probably contains regions which are strongly hydrophobic. ACT has a specific activity of nearly 17,000 μM cAMP formed/min. An 850 ng sample of ACT induced over 1,400 pmoles cAMP/10⁶ S49 mouse lymphoma cells while 660 ng of ACT inhibited human neutrophil chemiluminescence by 65%.
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Seabrook, Richard N. "An immunochemical study of B. pertussis antigens." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279600.
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Craig, Frank Furlong. "Effects of Bordetella pertussis on neutrophil leukocytes." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236023.
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Lobban, Margaret D. "The structure and function of pertussis toxin." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19057.
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Cambuy, Diego Duque. "Epidemiologia genômica de Bordetella pertussis no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2014. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/13349.
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-14Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
A coqueluche, ou pertússis, é uma doença do trato respiratório causada principalmente pela bactéria Bordetella pertussis. Após 50 anos de vacinação, pertussis reemergiu, passando a ser a doença imunoprevinível mais frequente mesmo em países desenvolvidos. Várias são as hipóteses para a reemergência de pertússis, uma delas é a adaptação do patógeno frente à vacinação. Linhagens contemporâneas de B. pertussis diferem de linhagens do período pré-vacinal, especialmente em genes codificadores de proteínas usadas na produção de vacinas acelular. Esta re-emergência também tem sido observada no Brasil, assim, realizamos a caracterização genética por MLST baseado nesses genes, de 26 isolados B. pertussis de surtos de três regiões brasileiras (Norte, Sul e Nordeste). Foram identificados dois perfis alélicos, em 24 isolados: prn2-ptxS1A-fim3B-ptxP3, de surtos (2008-2013) de Alagoas, Pernambuco e Rio Grande do Sul - e o perfil prn2-ptxS1A-fim3A-ptxP3 , em dois isolados de Pará/2004. Análises filogenéticas agruparam esses perfis com isolados do período pós vacinal de outras partes do globo. Deste conjunto, três do perfil mais frequente e um do perfil menos frequente, tiveram seus genomas sequenciados na plataforma GS 454 Junior. A comparação desses genomas com outros genomas de B. pertussis disponíveis em dados públicos não identificou SNPs ou genes únicos que caracterizassem os isolados do Brasil Este estudo desenvolveu uma metodologia que permitiu definir a posição da IS481 nos genomas, e uma delas corresponde a um gene relacionado a regulação da transcrição da família MarR, Análise filogenômica, baseada em 826 SNPs, demonstrou que os isolados recentes do Brasil da linhagem pandêmica que presente em todos os continentes, exceto a África. Foi observado também que as relações filogenéticas inferidas pelo MLST são semelhantes àquelas inferidas quando se utiliza o genoma completo, isso denota a pressão seletiva sobre esses genes. Sendo assim, a cepa utilizada na produção da vacina no Brasil, que apresenta o perfil alélico prn1-ptxS1D - fim3A-ptxP2, pode não ser capaz de gerar uma resposta imune protetora frente às linhagens circulantes no país. Este estudo traz, pela primeira vez, informações genéticas e genômicas de isolados de B. pertussis do Brasil, país que apresenta cobertura vacinal bastante heterogênea, que utiliza, oficialmente, a vacina celular, mas que, também, aplica a vacina acelular. As informações reveladas neste estudo podem auxiliar a tomada de ações para o controle de pertússis no Brasil, além do conhecimento sobre epidemiologia e evolução de B. pertussis
Pertussis more commonly referred as whooping cough is respiratory tract disease mainly caused by the bacteria B. pertussis. After 50 years of vaccination pert ussis remerged, becoming the most frequent vaccine preventable disease in developed countries. Many hypotheses have been proposed for the re - emergence of pertussis, one being the pathogen adaptation in a vaccinated environment. Current pertussis strains ar e different than those from the prevaccination era, especially in genes that code for proteins used in acelluar pertussis vaccines. This re - emergence is also observed in Brazil, therefore we characterized 26 isolates from 3 regions of Brazil (North,South,N ortheast) using an MLST approach based on these genes. We identified two allelic profiles, 24 isolates from the states of Rio Grande do Sul (2008 - 2009), Alagoas (2008 - 2009), Pernambuco (2013) and Pará (2004) presented the prn2 - ptxS1A - fim3B - ptxP3 allelic pr ofile, while 2 isolates from Pará (2004) presented the prn2 - ptxS1A - fim3A - ptxP3 allelic profile. Phylogenetic analysis branch these two allelic profiles along with other post vaccination isolates around the globe. Four isolates, three from the dominant prof ile and one from the less frequent profile, had their genomes completed sequenced on the GS 454 Junior Platform. We compared these genomes with others available in public databases and no SNP or unique genes were identified in the Brazilian genomes. This s tudy also developed a methodology that identifies the location of the repetitive region IS481, and what genes it interrupted. One of them was the MarR transcriptional regulator gene. Phylogenomic analysis based on 826 SNPs revealed that Brazilian B. pertus sis lineages are part of the current pandemic linage present in all continents, except Africa. We also observed that phylogenomic relationships are similar to MLST’s. Therefore, strain used for pertussis vaccine in Brazil, that presents the prn1 - ptxS1D - f im3A - ptxP2 allelic profile, might not be able to induce immune response to the current linage circulating in the country. This is the first study with genetic and genomic informations of B. pertussis isolates in Brazil, which is a country with heterogeneou s vaccine coverage and mixed and has both cellular and acellular vaccine administrated to the population. Information brought with this study can help the decision making on the control of pertussis in Brazil and gives new insights on the epidemiology and evolution of B. pertussis
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Hayles, Elizabeth Helen. "The Maternal Pertussis Trial: Best practice for communication of perinatal pertussis booster recommendations and optimisation of the cocooning strategy." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15693.
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Pertussis, commonly known as ‘whooping cough’, is a respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Despite being a vaccine preventable disease, pertussis has remained largely endemic with recent epidemics causing significant morbidity and mortality. Worldwide, there is estimated to be 300 000 - 400 000 deaths due to pertussis each year (1).Whilst high global coverage of the primary childhood vaccine series has been achieved, infants too young to be vaccinated against pertussis remain susceptible. Subsequently, they bear the brunt of pertussis morbidity and mortality. A key pertussis control measure is the ‘cocooning strategy’, whereby household contacts of an infant (<12months) are immunised to minimise the risk of transmission. This thesis aimed to explore whether cocooning can be implemented within the postnatal ward setting. The second aim was to determine whether a ‘message framing’ educational intervention increases uptake among postpartum women. The third aim was to determine enablers and barriers to vaccination among this target population. Message framing is a communication technique used to highlight what an individual may either gain from participating in a preventative behaviour or lose from not engaging in it. Theoretically, participants are more likely to engage in a preventative behaviour with temporal risk (e.g. side effects) when presented with the potential disease consequences of not engaging in it (loss frame) (2). However, a recent meta-analytic review of 38 studies found no significant difference between gain or loss-framed messages in promoting vaccination(3). The authors also reported that results might have potentially been modified by vaccine recipient (i.e. message recipient vs. vaccination of another, e.g. child). However, none of the included studies examined vaccination of the message recipient on behalf of another (e.g. cocooning). Our study involved a quasi-randomised control trial of message framing as information strategy to promote uptake, with baseline survey and follow up. The surveys contained both open and closed-ended questions, enabling both quantitative and qualitative analysis of baseline intentions as well as vaccine decision-making. To detect a 5% difference between the gain-frame, loss-frame, and control, with 80% confidence at the 0.05 level, the required sample size was 1080 subjects who were eligible for a pertussis booster (last dTpa>10years). Postpartum women who spoke English were recruited from the postnatal ward of a public tertiary referral hospital (Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH)) and adjacently located private hospital (North Shore Private Hospital (NSPH)) in metropolitan Sydney, Australia. Recruitment was undertaken from November 2010- July 2012 at RNSH and March 2012-December 2013 at NSPH. Following enrolment, each participant completed self-administered pertussis knowledge and attitude questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model constructs (perceived disease severity, susceptibility, vaccine benefits and barriers, cues to action). Demographic, perinatal and routine perinatal vaccine data was also collected. We screened all participants for vaccine status, and, where possible, confirmed pertussis booster vaccine receipt with their provider (e.g. general practitioner). Women who had not received a pertussis booster vaccine within the last ten years were defined as ‘unvaccinated’ and enrolled into the Maternal Pertussis Controlled Trial. They were allocated an educational intervention using sequential block allocation by week (without allocation concealment), which included a ‘gain-framed’ brochure, a ‘loss-frame’ brochure or the state-health pertussis factsheet (control). This was revised for the private hospital sample, and block-randomisation combined with allocation concealment was implemented. At recruitment, the research nurse made participants aware that they were eligible for a free pertussis booster vaccination (which was also stipulated in the patient information sheet). This was administered at a later time on the postnatal ward by their midwife (if the participant accepted vaccination), and prior to completing a follow up questionnaire on vaccine decision-making. Screening of participant vaccine status indicated that the overall baseline pertussis booster coverage was 34%, ranging from 23.1% in the public hospital to 47.5% in the private hospital. Vaccination increased from 23%-70% in the public hospital (RNSH) and from 44.8%-85.8% in the private hospital (NSPH). However, the message framing had no impact on vaccination uptake, in public or private hospital setting. This highlighted that routine pertussis information was as effective as gain and loss framed-messages in increasing maternal pertussis vaccination uptake in the postnatal ward, when provided by obstetric staff and accompanied by a free vaccine. Predictors of pertussis vaccination uptake in the public hospital setting included: pertussis booster vaccine recommendation by health care provider; perception of vaccination as beneficial; and baseline intention to be vaccinated. In the private hospital setting, predictors of uptake included: perception of vaccination as beneficial, in particular the belief that receiving the pertussis booster vaccination is a maternal responsibility for their baby’s protection; and identifying a ‘health professional’ as the influential pertussis information source. The common predictor of uptake on the postnatal ward was the perception of the pertussis booster vaccine as beneficial, which may indicate a knowledge gap that health professionals can address. This thesis provides high-level evidence that message framing does not significantly increase vaccine uptake among this target population; rather provision of any information does. We identified key enablers within this setting that mitigated access barriers and promoted vaccination. On the postnatal ward, women had unrestricted access to an immunisation provider with whom they could discuss concerns and who could administer the vaccine. Integration into postnatal care removed the need of appointment scheduling, transportation, provider and vaccine fees associated with immunisation in other settings. Furthermore, women who have just given birth are highly focused on protecting their baby and receptive to key information. With the recent policy switch to vaccination during pregnancy, rather than cocooning, this thesis highlights the importance of removing cost barriers, increasing access to vaccine providers in the hospital setting and standardising patient-provider communication to both recommend the pertussis booster vaccine and address key vaccine safety concerns. An important finding of this thesis was that intention to be vaccinated did not always predict behaviour (i.e. vaccination uptake) among pregnant women or those in the immediate postpartum period. This is an important consideration for policy makers, as setting and timing of vaccination may have an impact on completion of vaccination. In addition, vaccine recommendation and mothers’ perception of vaccine benefits both independently predicted vaccine uptake in the postnatal hospital setting. Thus, the antenatal period is an opportune time for health professionals to: 1) discuss the benefits of vaccination for both mother and baby, 2) address any vaccine knowledge gaps or concerns and 3) provide a strong recommendation. It is likely that these actions will help shape maternal perceptions of vaccination and intentions to vaccinate. This vaccination discussion may be combined with discussions about other vaccinations, such as neonatal Hepatitis B vaccination and occur during third trimester consultations. Since 2013, Australian Immunization Guidelines have included pertussis vaccination during pregnancy, with a media release by the State Ministry of Health alerting providers and the general public to this change in pertussis control(4, 5). As a result, in July 2013 there has been a shift in the focus of NSW vaccine policy from indirect protection of neonates via cocooning (postpartum maternal vaccination) to direct protection via antenatal vaccination (this occurred mid-way though the project phase of this thesis). This thesis also presents the first published findings of provider-confirmed vaccine uptake during pregnancy among eligible women, since the recommendation for antenatal pertussis booster vaccination in Australian in March 2013. In this cross-sectional survey, we highlighted key attitudinal differences, particularly related to risk perception of the pertussis booster vaccine, between those who accepted third-trimester vaccination and those who declined it. With antenatal pertussis coverage of 9%, when delivered in the general practice setting, there is need for continued support of postpartum vaccination until high antenatal coverage can be achieved.
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Alhashmi, Ibrahim. "Live Metabolite-Deficient Bordetella pertussis: Determination of Suitability for use as a Vaccine in Humans using the Pertussis Mouse Model." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/51705.
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This thesis embodies research that has demonstrated that there is strong case for further development of novel live attenuated metabolite deficient B pertussis vaccine such that it is non-toxic because it polarises the immune response of DTaP-vaccinated mice from Th2 to Th1 following booster vaccination with the live attenuated vaccine thus offering the chance of long term protection against whooping cough and disrupting the transmission from adolescents and adults to infants.
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Luo, Siding. "A Stochastic Model for the spread of Pertussis." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Mathematics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121728.
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Stenson, Trevor H. "Characterization of Bvg-repressed molecules of Bordetella pertussis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34841.pdf.
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Glaser, Philippe. "Biologie moleculaire de l'adenylate cyclase de bordetella pertussis." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066259.
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Bordella pertussis, agent etiologique de la coqueluche, synthetise, entre autres toxines, une adenylate cyclase dont l'activite depend d'une proteine de l'hote, la calmoduline. Clonage et structure du geni de l'adenylate cyclase (gene cya) ont ete realises par complementation d'une souche cya d escherichia coli, en reconstituant la bacterie l'activation par la calmoduline. L'adenylate cyclase et synthetisee sous forme d'un precurseur bifonctionnel de haut poids moleculaires
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Glaser, Philippe. "Biologie moléculaire de l'adénylate cyclase de Bordetella pertussis." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376139521.
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Torvaldsen, Siranda. "The epidemiology and prevention of pertussis in Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/808.
Full textAbstract:
Pertussis (whooping cough) remains an important public health problem in Australia. Although mortality and morbidity from pertussis declined dramatically following the introduction of mass vaccination programs in 1953, the level of morbidity remains unacceptably high for a vaccine-preventable disease. Aims and methods The primary aims of this thesis were (i) to ascertain the epidemiology of pertussis in Australia between 1993 and 2000 by analysing and interpreting sources of routinely collected data on pertussis; and (ii) to examine the effectiveness of vaccination against pertussis in a number of ways. Data from three primary national sources (notifications of disease, hospitalisations for pertussis and death certificates) were used to examine the burden from pertussis in Australia over these eight years. Analyses included the age distribution of cases, temporal and geographic trends, comparisons of notification and hospitalisation data, and the impact of differences in the method of diagnosis of notified cases between years and age groups. In addition to analyses at the national level using data from the national databases, further detailed analyses were undertaken at the State level for New South Wales (NSW), the most populous Australian State. Pertussis vaccine coverage was estimated using data from the recently established Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR); these data were also used to track the transition from whole-cell to acellular pertussis vaccines. The different types of studies used to evaluate vaccine effectiveness were reviewed, and a method suitable for ongoing estimation of vaccine effectiveness in Australia was developed. This was then applied to the NSW data, to determine the effectiveness of pertussis vaccination in this State. Main findings The annual notification rate for pertussis in Australia ranged from 23–59 per 100 000 population over the eight years. Infants had the highest notification and hospitalisation rates in Australia — they accounted for 5 percent of notifications, 61 percent of hospitalisations and 100 percent of deaths. Age-specific notification and hospitalisation rates in children aged less than two years strongly suggested a protective effect of vaccination, with the greatest reduction in rate coinciding with eligibility to receive a second dose of pertussis vaccine at four months of age. Notification rates among 5–9 year olds progressively decreased in successive age cohorts, consistent with an effect of the introduction in 1994 of a pertussis vaccine booster for preschool-aged children. Although adults (persons aged 15 years or more) accounted for half the notifications, they had the lowest notification rate. The highest numbers of pertussis notifications were in 1997, when most jurisdictions experienced an epidemic. Notification and hospitalisation rates varied across the States and Territories and also across smaller geographic regions in NSW. Areas and years with high notification rates tended to also have high hospitalisation rates, suggesting that trends in notifications reflected trends in incidence. The number of infant hospitalisations in NSW between July 1993 and June 1999 exceeded the number of notifications by 32 percent, highlighting the extent of under-notification. Overall, and particularly amongst those aged more than 12 months, the majority of cases notified in NSW were based on the results of serological tests. The proportion diagnosed by culture of the organism was greatest in infants; the proportion diagnosed by serological tests increased with age. There was no evidence that the use of serology had increased since 1994 in NSW, hence changes in notification rates after this time are unlikely to be attributable to increased use of serological diagnosis. ACIR records indicated that in December 2000, 92 percent of one-year-old children had received three doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine and 90 percent of two-year-olds had received four doses. Vaccine coverage varied by jurisdiction. Since 1997, there was an increased use of DTP vaccines containing acellular pertussis components with a corresponding decrease in the use of vaccines containing whole-cell components. In 2000, almost all DTP vaccines administered contained acellular pertussis components. The results of the vaccine effectiveness study showed that pertussis vaccination was highly effective at preventing pertussis in NSW children, as measured by notified cases. Vaccine effectiveness was highest (91 percent) in the youngest age group ((8–23 months) and lowest (78percent) in the oldest age group (9–13 years). The screening method has not previously been used to estimate pertussis vaccine effectiveness in Australia. Conclusions This thesis demonstrates the value of integrating varied data sources in estimating the disease burden from pertussis. The data presented here show that the disease burden is substantial in all age groups, despite high levels of vaccine coverage in infants and children. This problem of disease control does not appear to be due to lack of vaccine effectiveness, but there is evidence of waning immunity over time. The analyses presented here form a basis for the ongoing monitoring of trends in pertussis epidemiology following the replacement of whole-cell by acellular pertussis vaccines, and will assist consideration of the need for additional booster doses in adolescents and adults.
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Torvaldsen, Siranda. "The epidemiology and prevention of pertussis in Australia." University of Sydney. Paediatrics and Child Health, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/808.
Full textAbstract:
Pertussis (whooping cough) remains an important public health problem in Australia. Although mortality and morbidity from pertussis declined dramatically following the introduction of mass vaccination programs in 1953, the level of morbidity remains unacceptably high for a vaccine-preventable disease. Aims and methods The primary aims of this thesis were (i) to ascertain the epidemiology of pertussis in Australia between 1993 and 2000 by analysing and interpreting sources of routinely collected data on pertussis; and (ii) to examine the effectiveness of vaccination against pertussis in a number of ways. Data from three primary national sources (notifications of disease, hospitalisations for pertussis and death certificates) were used to examine the burden from pertussis in Australia over these eight years. Analyses included the age distribution of cases, temporal and geographic trends, comparisons of notification and hospitalisation data, and the impact of differences in the method of diagnosis of notified cases between years and age groups. In addition to analyses at the national level using data from the national databases, further detailed analyses were undertaken at the State level for New South Wales (NSW), the most populous Australian State. Pertussis vaccine coverage was estimated using data from the recently established Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR); these data were also used to track the transition from whole-cell to acellular pertussis vaccines. The different types of studies used to evaluate vaccine effectiveness were reviewed, and a method suitable for ongoing estimation of vaccine effectiveness in Australia was developed. This was then applied to the NSW data, to determine the effectiveness of pertussis vaccination in this State. Main findings The annual notification rate for pertussis in Australia ranged from 23�59 per 100 000 population over the eight years. Infants had the highest notification and hospitalisation rates in Australia � they accounted for 5percent of notifications, 61percent of hospitalisations and 100percent of deaths. Age-specific notification and hospitalisation rates in children aged less than two years strongly suggested a protective effect of vaccination, with the greatest reduction in rate coinciding with eligibility to receive a second dose of pertussis vaccine at four months of age. Notification rates among 5�9 year olds progressively decreased in successive age cohorts, consistent with an effect of the introduction in 1994 of a pertussis vaccine booster for preschool-aged children. Although adults (persons aged 15 years or more) accounted for half the notifications, they had the lowest notification rate. The highest numbers of pertussis notifications were in 1997, when most jurisdictions experienced an epidemic. Notification and hospitalisation rates varied across the States and Territories and also across smaller geographic regions in NSW. Areas and years with high notification rates tended to also have high hospitalisation rates, suggesting that trends in notifications reflected trends in incidence. The number of infant hospitalisations in NSW between July 1993 and June 1999 exceeded the number of notifications by 32percent, highlighting the extent of under-notification. Overall, and particularly amongst those aged more than 12 months, the majority of cases notified in NSW were based on the results of serological tests. The proportion diagnosed by culture of the organism was greatest in infants; the proportion diagnosed by serological tests increased with age. There was no evidence that the use of serology had increased since 1994 in NSW, hence changes in notification rates after this time are unlikely to be attributable to increased use of serological diagnosis. ACIR records indicated that in December 2000, 92percent of one-year-old children had received three doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine and 90percent of two-year-olds had received four doses. Vaccine coverage varied by jurisdiction. Since 1997, there was an increased use of DTP vaccines containing acellular pertussis components with a corresponding decrease in the use of vaccines containing whole-cell components. In 2000, almost all DTP vaccines administered contained acellular pertussis components. The results of the vaccine effectiveness study showed that pertussis vaccination was highly effective at preventing pertussis in NSW children, as measured by notified cases. Vaccine effectiveness was highest (91percent) in the youngest age group (8�23 months) and lowest (78percent) in the oldest age group (9�13 years). The screening method has not previously been used to estimate pertussis vaccine effectiveness in Australia. Conclusions This thesis demonstrates the value of integrating varied data sources in estimating the disease burden from pertussis. The data presented here show that the disease burden is substantial in all age groups, despite high levels of vaccine coverage in infants and children. This problem of disease control does not appear to be due to lack of vaccine effectiveness, but there is evidence of waning immunity over time. The analyses presented here form a basis for the ongoing monitoring of trends in pertussis epidemiology following the replacement of whole-cell by acellular pertussis vaccines, and will assist consideration of the need for additional booster doses in adolescents and adults.
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Neal, Shona Elaine. "Genotypic diversity and epidemiological typing of Bordetella pertussis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30856/.
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The resurgence of pertussis in several highly vaccinated countries has stimulated this study of the genotypic diversity and epidemiological typing of Bordetella pertussis. The genotypic variation of B. pertussis was investigated in 318 UK clinical isolates from 1920-2002, vising pertactin (prnA) and pertussis toxin SI subunit (ptxA) gene typing. To date, the evaluation of typing methods used for B. pertussis has not been performed extensively. Therefore, in this thesis, the recognised methods, namely serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using Xbal, and IS1002-RFLP analysis, were evaluated. It was found that, PFGE typing gave a good discrimination index value, but gave a low score for reproducibility, and further work is required to optimise this method. Furthermore, if prnA and ptxA gene typing were included in the evaluation, combined with serotyping, this combination would equal the discrimination of PFGE. Other typing methods attempted for B. pertussis included direct sequencing of adenylate kinase (adk) and filamentous haemagglutinin genes (fhaB), and single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis with a selection of enzymes and selective primers. The type strain and a clinical strain, generated one and six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in adk and fhoB, respectively. The discriminatory ability of the single-enzyme AFLP analysis was not satisfactory, as only a few different profiles were seen in the nine isolates tested. However, at least four AFLP profiles were generated using PstI enzyme, and the selective primer Pst-C. The direct detection and epidemiological typing of B. pertussis in 20 previously untypable clinical samples was attempted using prnA, ptxA as targets. Six clinical extracts generated prnA and ptxA (5/6) sequence data, therefore confirming that these typing procedures on B. pertussis PCR-positive clinical specimens is worthwhile in order to generate the prnA and ptxA distributions from babies or adults presenting atypical symptoms. This strategy should also be encouraged in other country that have studied prnA and ptxA allele distributions, in order to update the representation of the genetic diversity of B. pertussis.
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Dill, Michael T. "Characterization of the Aspartate Transcarbamoylase that is Found in the pyrBC Complex of Bordetella Pertussis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3057/.
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An aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) gene from Bordetella pertussis was amplified by PCR and ligated into pT-ADV for expression in Escherichia coli. This particular ATCase (pyrB) was an inactive gene found adjacent to an inactive dihydroorotase (DHOase) gene (pyrC'). This experiment was undertaken to determine whether this pyrB gene was capable of expression alone or if it was capable of expression only when cotransformed with a functional pyrC'. When transformed into E. coli TB2 pyrB-, the gene did not produce any ATCase activity. The gene was then co-transformed into E. coli TB2 pyrB- along with a plasmid containing the pyrC' gene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and assayed for ATCase activity. Negative results were again recorded.
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Nascimento, Ivan Pereira. "Expressão de antígenos de Bordetella pertussis em BCG Recombinante: subunidade 1 da toxina Pertussis e fragmento A da Hemaglutinina Filamentosa (FHA)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-15022016-163854/.
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O desenvolvimento de vacinas multivalente constitui urna das prioridades na pesquisa de vacinas modernas. A utilização de vetores vivos para apresentação de antígenos heterólogos mostra-se bastante atraente, e eliminaria a necessidade de várias doses para se alcançar uma proteção máxima. Este tipo de vacina poderia ser administrado em dose única, o que poderia aumentar a cobertura vacinal. Neste trabalho foi explorado o potencial do Mycobacterium bovis BCG recombinante (rBCG) vivo expressando antígenos de Bordetella pertussis, como futuro componente de urna vacina tetravalente rBCG-DTP contra a tuberculose, tétano, difteria e pertussis. Os antígenos de pertussis utilizados foram a subunidade S1 mutada e atóxica da Toxina Pertussis (SI-P1) e o fragmento CRD, um domínio imunogênico da proteína FHA (Adesina Hemaglutinina Filamentosa). PT é o principal fator de virulência de B. pertussis e tanto sozinho como combinado com outros antígenos é o principal componente de todas as vacinas acelulares desenvolvidas até o momento. FHA é um importante fator de aderência da bactéria às células ciliada alvo do hospedeiro, sendo o CRD (domínio de reconhecimento a carboidrato) o responsável pelo reconhecimento de carboidratos em receptores de células do hospedeiro. Os genes detses antígenos foram clonados em vetores de expressão micobacterianos e expressos em BCG sob o controle do promotor mutado da β-lactamase de Mycobacterium fortuitum, pBlaF*, em fusão com o peptídeo sinal da β-lactamase. Estes vetores possuem como marcador de seleção um gene de resistência a kanamicina. Camundongos foram imunizados com rBCG expressando S1-PT e os respectivos esplenócitos mostraram elevada produção de IFN-γ e baixa produção de IL-4, caracterizando uma forte resposta celular Th1 antígeno-específica dominante. rBCG-S1PT induziu uma baixa resposta humoral contra PT. Camundongos imunizados com rBCG-S1PT mostraram elevado nível de proteção contra um desafio intracerebral com uma cepa virulenta de B. pertussis. Animais imunizados com rBCG expressando CRD revelaram a presença de anticorpos anti-FHA no soro. Ensaios com camundongos imunizados com a combinação destas duas vacinas estão sendo realizados. Uma nova abordagem para obtenção de rBCG sem o uso de genes de resistência a antibióticos como marcador de seleção, foi investigada, utilizando a complementação em BCG auxotrófico. Uma cepa de rBCG auxotrófico para lisina foi transformada com vetores de expressão contendo o gene de complementação para lisina e os antígenos de pertussis sob controle do mesmo promotor: a seleção dos recombinantes é realizada em meio sem lisina. Estas construções permitiram a expressão estável dos antígenos e serão avaliadas quanto a indução de uma resposta imunológica efetiva contra pertussis.The development of combined vaccines constitutes one of the priorities in modem vaccine research. The use of live vectors for heterologous antigen presentation is desirable, as it could eliminate the necessity of several doses to reach a maximum protection and increase vaccine coverage. In this work, the potential of recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG (Bacillus Calmette and Guerin) (rBCG), expressing Bordetella pertussis antigens was investigated. The antigens used were the genetically detoxified S1 subunít of pertussis toxin (S1-PT) and the CRD fragment of FHA (Filamentous hemagglutinin. The antigen genes were cloned into mycobacterial expression vectors under control of the upregulated M. fortuitum β-lactamase promoter, pBlaF*, in fusion with the β-lactamase signal sequence. Mice were immunized with rBCG expressing S1-PT and the respective splenocytes induced specific production of INF-γ and low IL-4, characterizing a strong antigen-specific Th1-dominant cellular response. The rSCG-S1 PT induced a low humoral response against PT. Mice immunized with rSCG-S1 PT strains displayed high-level of protection against an intracerebral challenge with live B. pertussis. Animals immunized with rBCG expressing CRD induced anti-FHA antibodies production. Protection induced by the combination of these two strains is being evaluated. A new approach for production of rBCG without the use of antibiotic resistance markers was also investigated, using complementation in auxotrophic BCG. A lysine auxotrophic rSCG strain was transformed with expression vectors containing the complementation gene for lysine and the pertussis antigens: selection of recombinant clones was carried in media without lysine. These constructs allowed steady expression of the antigens and will be evaluated for the induction of an immunological response against pertussis. These strains would be appropriate for clinical evaluation in humans.
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Giayetto, Víctor O. "Caracterización de la infección por Bordetella spp. y coqueluche en la provincia de Córdoba." Master's thesis, Giayetto VO. Caracterización de la infección por Bordetella spp. y coqueluche en la provincia de Córdoba [Internet]. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; 2015 [citado el 14 de febrero de 2020]. Disponible en: https://rdu.unc.edu.ar/handle/11086/6066, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/6066.
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Tesis - Maestría en Microbiología con Orientación en Investigación en Salud Humana - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretaría de Graduados en Ciencias de la Salud, 2015Fil: Giayetto, Victor Olegario. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Bacteriología y Virología Médica; Argentina.
Las enfermedades respiratorias, entre las que se encuentra coqueluche producida por Bordetella pertussis (Bp), son consideradas como la primera causa de mortalidad infantil en el mundo. Si bien la introducción de la vacuna produjo un marcado descenso en el número de casos en nuestro país, coqueluche continúa siendo un problema en Salud Pública, ya que han aumentado los casos entre adolescentes y adultos a pesar de décadas de coberturas vacunales adecuadas. Los individuos de estos grupos etarios son considerados el reservorio actual del agente, y a partir de ellos, la infección se transmitiría a los menores de un año, quienes son los individuos más susceptibles a la infección. Existe una enfermedad clínicamente similar a coqueluche, denominada Síndrome Coqueluchoide (SC) asociada a infecciones por Virus Respiratorio Sincicial (VRS), Adenovirus, Influenza A o B, Parainfluenza y Metapneumovirus, Chlamydia spp., Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica. Debido a la importancia sanitaria actual de las infecciones producidas por Bordetella spp. como agente etiológico de infecciones respiratorias emergentes en Argentina y en el mundo, el objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de esta infección en Córdoba, evaluando además, en un porcentaje de la población estudiada, la prevalencia de infecciones respiratorias de etiología viral que pueden cursar con un cuadro clínico similar como es el SC. La totalidad de las muestras de secreciones respiratorias obtenidas por aspirado nasofaríngeo y/o hisopado nasofaríngeo entre el 1º de marzo de 2011 y el 28 de febrero de 2013 se derivaron al Laboratorio Central de la Provincia de Córdoba para el diagnóstico molecular de coqueluche. Se estudió para Bp y Bordetella spp. 2.588 casos sospechosos de coqueluche de pacientes de la provincia de Córdoba y se realizó diagnóstico diferencial para infecciones respiratorias virales utilizando Inmunofluorescencia Directa. Se reportó infección por Bordetella spp. en 11,59% de los casos sospechosos estudiados (300/2.588) y en el 9,16% del total de muestras estudiadas (237/2.588) se confirmó infección por Bordetella pertussis.
Respiratory diseases, including whooping caused by Bordetella pertussis (Bp), are considered the leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. Even though the introduction of the vaccine caused a decrease in cases in our country, whooping cough is still a problem in Public Health since cases in teenagers and adults have increased in spite of decades of adequate vaccination coverage. Individuals belonging to these age groups are considered the current reservoir of the agent, and from them, the infection would be passed on to children younger than one year old, who are the ones most susceptible to the infection. There is a disease clinically similar to whooping cough, named Coqueluchoide Syndrome (CS), associated to infections by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Adenovirus, Influenza A or B, Parainfluenza, Metapneumovirus, Chlamydia spp., Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica. Due to the current sanitary importance of infections caused by Bordetella spp. as an etiological agent of emerging respiratory infections in Argentina and in the world, it was considered important to analyse the clinical and epidemiological profile of this infection in Córdoba, evaluating also the prevalence of respiratory infections of viral etiology than can develop a clinical picture similar to the CS, in a percentage of the population under study. The totality of the respiratory secretion samples obtained from nasopharyngeal aspiration and/or nasopharyngeal swabbing were studied for Bp y Bordetella spp., and then derived to the Central Laboratory of Córdoba Province for the molecular diagnose of whooping cough between March 1st, 2011 and February 28th, 2013; and differential diagnose for respiratory infections was carried out using Direct Immunofluorescence. Clinical and epidemiological data resulting from the evaluation of 2,588 cases suspected of whooping cough in patients in Córdoba province are presented in this study. 11.59% of the suspected cases studied (300/2,588) reported the infection by Bordetella spp. and 9.16% of the total samples studied (237/2,588) confirmed the infection by Bordetella pertussis.
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Dupré, Elian. "La régulation de la virulence chez Bordetella pertussis : BvgS, modèle original de capteur de système à deux composants." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S022/document.
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La virulence de Bordetella pertussis, agent de la coqueluche, est liée à un arsenal de facteurs de virulence dont l’expression est régulée par le système à deux composants BvgAS. BvgA est le régulateur de réponse et BvgS le capteur du système, qui possède 3 domaines putatifs de perception de signaux. Il s’agit de 2 domaines périplasmiques « Venus FlyTrap » (VFT), reliés par un segment transmembranaire à un domaine PAS (Per-ARNT-Sim) cytoplasmique qui fait la jonction avec l’histidine-kinase. Les signaux perçus par ces domaines capteurs sont inconnus, mais une température de 37°C est suffisante pour maintenir le système actif en laboratoire. Cette activité peut être modulée négativement par des composés chimiques, comme le MgSO4 ou le nicotinate, qui à concentrations suffisantes entraînent le passage de la bactérie en phase avirulente.Nous nous sommes intéressés aux domaines VFT de BvgS. Ces domaines, ubiquitaires, sont composés de 2 lobes reliés par une charnière délimitant une cavité qui permet la fixation d’un ligand spécifique stabilisant le VFT sous une forme fermée.Les domaines VFT de BvgS ont pu être cristallisés et s’organisent en un dimère entrelacé définissant de larges interfaces entre les 4 VFTs. Les VFT2 sont fermés sans ligand et les VFT1 ouverts, et la fermeture artificielle de ces domaines par des ponts disulfure a montré qu’il s’agit de la conformation active de BvgS. L’importance des interfaces entre les domaines VFT pour la fonction de BvgS a été démontrée par mutagenèse dirigée. Un signal positif proviendrait du périplasme pour être transmis à travers la membrane par les interfaces entre les VFT et intégré via un couplage fonctionnel en trans entre ces domaines et les hélices pré-membranaires, dites H19.Ces hélices se prolongeraient à travers la membrane et dans le cytoplasme jusqu’au domaine PAS. Les domaines PAS sont ubiquitaires, avec une structure fortement conservée en feuillet à 5 brins recouvert d’hélices délimitant une cavité. Ils sont impliqués dans diverses fonctions biologiques, selon leur capacité de liaison d’un ligand. Certains domaines PAS fonctionneraient sans ligand et pourraient servir d’adaptateurs ou d’amplificateurs de signal.Nous avons pu mettre en évidence la capacité de dimérisation de PASBvg, confirmant la nature dimérique du capteur BvgS. Des substitutions de résidus de la cavité de PASBvg indiqueraient que l’intégrité de la cavité de PASBvg est nécessaire au passage de signaux positifs et négatifs provenant du périplasme. La fixation de ligand dans la cavité n’a pu être démontrée mais n’est pas exclue. D’autre part, certains résidus sont nécessaires au couplage du domaine PAS avec ses hélices flanquantes pour la transmission de signal. La perte de ces interactions déstabilise significativement PASBvg et rend BvgS inactif.Un message positif proviendrait du périplasme et serait maintenu par le domaine PAS, dans une conformation rigide, permettant aussi la transmission des signaux modulateursVirulence of Bordetella pertussis, the whooping cough agent, is due to a plethora of virulence factors which expression is regulated by the two-component system BvgAS. BvgA is a classical response regulator and BvgS the sensor. BvgS contains 3 putative sensor domains, 2 periplasmic Venus FlyTrap (VFT), linked through a transmembrane segment to a cytoplasmic PAS domain preceding the histidine-kinase. Signals perceived by those sensor domains are still unknown, but a 37°C temperature is sufficient to maintain the system active under laboratory conditions. This activity can be down-modulated by chemical compounds, such as MgSO4 or nicotinate, which at sufficient concentration allows the bacteria to switch to avirulent phase.We investigated the role of BvgS VFT domains. VFTs are ubiquitous domains composed of 2 lobes linked by a hinge hence forming a cleft where a specific ligand can bind and stabilize the VFT in its closed conformation.BvgS VFT domains were crystalized and form an intricate dimer defining large interfaces between the 4 VFTs. VFT2s are closed without a ligand and VFT1s are opened, artificial closure of these domains via a disulfide bond indicates that this is the active conformation of BvgS. The role of the interfaces was probed by site-directed mutagenesis. A positive signal might originate from the periplasm to be transmitted through the membrane by the interfaces and integrated by a functional coupling between the VFT2s and the helices preceding the membrane, H19.These helices should be continued through the membrane and the cytoplasm to the PAS domain. Pas domains are ubiquitous with a highly conserved structure, a 5 stranded sheet surrounded by helices defining a cavity. Pas domains are involved in a wide variety of physiological processes, depending on their ability to bind a ligand. Some PAS might function without a ligand and could then be signal adaptors or amplifiers.We demonstrated PASBvg was dimeric, confirming the dimeric nature of BvgS. Cavity residues were substituted indicating that integrity of the cavity is necessary to maintain activity and modulation capacity coming from the periplasmic moiety. Ligand binding wasn’t demonstrated but couldn’t be excluded. Some residues are needed for the correct coupling of the PAS domain to its flanking helices and hence signal transmission. Loss of these connections generates a strong destabilization of PASBvg and turns BvgS inactive.A positive signal might come from the periplasmic moiety and shoul be maintaines by the PAS domain, which is in a rigid conformation also allowing the transmission of negative signals
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Miller, Reginaldo Assad. "Desenvolvimento de metodologia in vitro para avaliação do fenômeno de sensibilização à histamina induzido pelo Toxina pertussis e vacina pertussis in vivo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2008. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/9265.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde
Dentre os efeitos induzidos pela toxina pertussis (TP) em mamíferos, ocupa um lugar de destaque o fenômeno conhecido por sensibilização aos efeitos biológicos e letais da histamina, cuja intensidade e constância proporcionaram o estabelecimento de um ensaio in vivo de controle de qualidade para avaliação da segurança de vacinas contra a pertussis (coqueluche) e tríplice bacteriana contra a difteria, tétano e coqueluche (DTP). O ensaio de sensibilização à histamina (ESH) em camundongos NIH fêmeas mostrou-se altamente sensível à toxina pertussis de referência NIBSC 90/518 (TPR) detectando níveis tão baixos quanto 20 ng de TP/dose. Todas as 5 vacinas DTP de um produtor nacional noESH apresentaram níveis de TP ativa que variaram entre 84 a 147 ng/mL, valores inferiores ao valor limite de 1789 ng/mL obtido para a vacina pertussis de referência NIBSC 66/303 (VPR), logo, todas as vacinas foram aprovadas para uso humano. Embora o ESH tenha sido conclusivo quanto à alta especificidade à TP, o elevado número de animais, no mínimo, 40 por ensaio, acarretando alto custo e o sofrimento dos animais são fatores limitantes que dificultam o uso rotineiro como ensaio de controle de qualidade da vacina DTP. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi desenvolver uma metodologia in vitro em preparações de íleo isolado de cobaias Short Hair fêmeas (250 a 300 g) fornecidas pelo CECAL/FIOCRUZ /Rio de Janeiro para avaliação do fenômeno de sensibilização à histamina pela TPR. Todos os experimentos foram aprovados de acordo com as diretrizes estabelecidas pela CEUA/FIOCRUZ. Curvas concentração-efeito à histamina em íleos isolados de cobaias foram analisadas e os parâmetros de concentração efetiva média(CE50), concentração efetiva máxima (CEmax) e de constante de dissociação no equilíbrio do complexo droga-receptor (Kd) para histamina foram determinados [...].
Among the effects induced by pertussis toxin (PT) in mammalian species, a prominence place is occupied by the phenomenon known as sensitization to the biological and lethal effects of the histamine, whose intensity and constancy promoted the establishment of an in vivo quality control assay to evaluate the safety of the pertussis vaccine (PV) against whooping cough and the triple bacterial vaccine, (DPT) against diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. The histamine sensitization assay (HSA) performed with NIH female mice was highly sensitive to reference pertussis toxin NIBSC 90/518 (RPT), detecting levels as low as 20 ng of administered RPT/dose, which caused 50% lethality. All five samples of DPT vaccines from one Brazilian producer presented active PT levels in the range of 84 and 147 ng/ml by the HSA, inferior to the limit value of 1789 ng/mL obtained for reference pertussis vaccine NIBSC 66/303 (RPV), thus all the vaccines were approved for use. Although the HSA has been conclusive in relation to its high specificity for RPT, the large number of mice used (at least 40 per assay) results in high costs and the suffering of the mice are limiting factors that make its routine use as a DPT vaccine quality control assay difficult. The aim of our study was to develop an in vitro methodology in ileum segments from female Short Hair guinea pigs (250-300 g) maintained in the animal facilities of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro (FIOCRUZ), Brazil, to evaluate the histamine sensitization phenomenon by RPT. All experiments were approved in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee for Ethics in Animal Use of the FIOCRUZ. Concentration effects curves for histamine in guinea pig ileum were studied and the parameters of mean effective concentration (EC50), maximum effective concentration (ECmax) and dissociation constant of drug-receptor complex (Kd) were determined. No increase in ileum contractile response to histamine was detected in relation to control PBS 4 days after intraperitoneal treatment of guinea pigs with doses and dilutions corresponding to mean histamine sensitization dose (HSD50) obtained in NIH female mice of RPT (40 ng), RPV and of 5 DPT vaccines (0.26 IU). In all the ten assays performed on the experimental group, the data followed normal distribution, the variances were homogeneous and no significant differences occurred between assays. With doses 10 times higher than the HSD50 of RPT (400 ng) and of RPV (2.6 IU), analysis of the data showed the same behavior above. Contrary to the anticipated results, histamine EC50 and Kd values in ileum of guinea pigs treated in vivo with RPT were significantly higher than the control and RPV (p< 0.05) with no alteration in ECmax (p= 0.3672). In vitro 15 min treatment of guinea pig ileum with 30 ng/ml of RPT reduced the ECmax to about half in relation to control (p= 0.0028), with no significant reduction in the mean values of histamine EC50 and Kd (p= 0.09). In contrast, in vitro 15 min treatment of ileum with 40 ng/ml of RPT significantly reduced histamine ECmax (p< 0.0069), EC50 (p= 0.0261) and Kd (p= 0.0479) in relation to control ileum. In vitro 15 min treatment with PBS (390 and 520 µL in 13 mL of Tyrode) did not significantly alter the mean values of histamine EC50 (p=0.4043 and p= 0.1035), ECmax (p= 0.2366 and p= 0.2708) or KD (p= 0.4564 and p= 0.1158) in relation to control without treatment, demonstrating no effect of the control solvent (PBS) on ileum contractile response by histamine. In conclusion, increased histamine sensitization in female guinea pig ileum after in vitro treatment of 30 and 40 ng/ml of RPT was demonstrated.
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Tefon, Burcu Emine. "Towards Whole Cell Immunoproteome And Subproteomes Of Bordetella Pertussis." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614238/index.pdf.
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Bordetella pertussis is a gram-negative, human pathogen and etiologic agent of whooping cough (pertussis), a highly contagious, acute respiratory illness. In this study, the analysis of whole immunproteome and subproteomes of this microorganism was performed. The soluble cytoplasmic proteomes of B. pertussis Tohama I strain and a local isolate Saadet were separated by 2DE. By Western blot analysis, we identified 25 immunogenic proteins of three categories. In the first group, there were well-known proteins of the pathogen The second group comprised proteins which were already shown antigenic in certain pathogenic bacteria, but not in B. pertussis before. The third group of proteins were those which have not been shown to be immunogenic in any pathogen till the present study such as putative chromosome partition protein, preprotein translocase SecA subunit, carbamoyl-phosphate synthase large chain, PRP synthase, putative substrate-CoA ligase, lysyl-tRNA synthetase, fumaryl acetoacetase, putative peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, putative DNA-binding protein and a putative outer membrane protein.
In our surfaceome study, surface proteins of two strains were identified by 2DE followed by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS analysis and also geLC-MS/MS. With these techniques 45 proteins were identified by 2DE and 226 proteins by geLC-MS/MS. The immunogenicity of surface proteins on 2DE gels were analyzed by Western blotting and among 11 identified immunogenic proteins glutamine-binding periplasmic protein, leu/ile/val-binding protein, one putative exported protein, and iron-superoxide dismutase were found to be immunogenic for the first time in Bordetella. It was also found that 16 proteins were differentially expressed in B. pertussis Saadet and Tohama I. Five proteins were expressed only in Saadet (adhesin, chaperone protein DnaJ, fimbrial protein FimX, putative secreted protein Bsp22 and putative universal stress protein), and two (ABC transporter substrate-binding protein and a putative binding protein-dependent transport periplasmic protein) only in Tohama I.
In the secretome study, we identified 40 proteins by 2DE and 357 proteins by geLC-MS/MS. It was found that 12 proteins were immunogenic by Western blot analysis and the immunogenicity of putative secreted protein (BP1047) was shown for the first time in this study. In our study, PT subunit 2 and putative outer protein D (BopD) were more abundant in Saadet while one protein, glutamate synthase subunit beta was expressed at a higher level in Tohama I. Four proteins were expressed only in Saadet (two capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis protein, protein FimX and putative outer membrane permeability protein).
The present study comprehensively covered almost the entire proteome of a crucial pathogen, demonstrated many novel antigens and identified hundreds of membrane-bound proteins, cell surface-associated and extracellular proteins. Thus, it is anticipated to greatly aid in a better understanding of pathogen-host relations, rational design of novel drugs and developing new generation vaccines against B. pertussis.
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Graf, Anna. "Humorale und zelluläre Immunität nach Pertussis-Auffrischimpfung im Jugendalter." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-114881.
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Woldegeorgis, Fasil. "Analysis on seroepidemiology of pertussis, a multivariate statistical approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ36539.pdf.
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Demydchuk, Mykhaylo. "Structural investigation of the enzymatic mechanism of pertussis toxin." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497793.
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Bokhari, Syed Habib. "Characterisation and secretion mechanism of Bordetella pertussis autotransporter proteins." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1507/.
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The identification and characterisation of new virulence determinants of 5. pertussis is providing important information for understanding the colonisation and survival strategies of the microorganism. B. pertussis deploys a range of surface-associated components to enable its successful colonisation of the host. Bap-5 has been identified as a new member of the B. pertussis autotransporter family of proteins that includes PRN, BrkA, TCF and Vag-8, largely due to its homology at the C-terminus and some other similar regions such as the RGD (integrin-binding) and SGXG (glycosaminoglycan-binding) motifs. The bap-5 gene also exists in B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis. Characteristic upstream regulatory sequences such as a ribosome-binding site were not seen in bap-5, but a potential heptameric BvgA-binding motif was identified. The expression of Bap-5 was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting and was shown to be bvg dependent. Although Bap-5 does not possess a typical signal sequence like pertactin (PRN), its surface localisation was confirmed by agglutination and immunofluorescence assays. A potential role for Bap-5 in infection was studied by generating Bap-5 deficient mutants in two strains of B. pertussis. An allelic exchange procedure with the suicide vector pSS1129 carrying the bap-5 gene disrupted with a kanamycin-resistance cassette was used. PCR and Southern blotting confirmed the replacement of the wild-type bap-5 gene with the mutated version. Moreover, SDS-PAGE and Western blotting of outer-membrane preparations of B. pertussis Taberman wild-type and its Bap-5-deficient mutant showed a clear difference in their outer-membrane profile at ~79.9kDa presumably representing the unprocessed form and bands at ~65 kDa and ~16 kDa may represent the processed forms of the protein. The Bap-5 characterisation studies showed that the Taberman Bap-5-deficient strain was less able than the parent strain to colonise the lower respiratory tract of mice and adhesion studies (in vitro) showed that the Taberman parent was better in adhering to certain cell types than the Bap-5-deficient mutant.
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Cahill, Edward Sean. "Antigen delivery systems for nasal immunisation against B. pertussis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321455.
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Funnell, Simon Gordon Paul. "Mechanisms of colonisation of mammalian tissues by Bordetella pertussis." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239726.
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Pearce, Alexandra M. "The structure and immunogenicity of fimbriae from Bordetella pertussis." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333436.
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Ernest, Lisa Lorene, and Lisa Lorene Ernest. "Pertussis Cocooning for Alaska: Development of an Educational Brochure." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621034.
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Background and Significance: Pertussis infection rates have significantly increased in the United States even though pertussis is a vaccine preventable illness. Alaska has been significantly impacted by this disease and is ranked 3rd highest in the nation for infection rates per capita. Infants less than three months of age suffer the highest proportion of infections. The effects of pertussis are most severe in this age group, sometimes requiring hospitalization and causing death. One theorized contributing factor to the increased pertussis infection rates is the transition to an acellular pertussis vaccine. The acellular component of the Tdap vaccine may wane up to 42% a year, thus decreasing coverage from 10 years to approximately three to five years. The increased infection rate and decreased vaccine efficacy necessitates improved education regarding preventative measures. The cocooning vaccination strategy immunizes all eligible individuals in contact with the infant, thus creating a cocoon of protection.Purpose and Specific Aims: This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project addresses the need for improved educational material regarding infantile pertussis prevention for Alaskan families having a baby. Throughout this DNP project an educational brochure is developed, emphasizing the importance of pertussis prevention through cocooning vaccination.Methods: The educational brochure was created using the framework of the Health Belief Model (HBM). The HBM was utilized to structure the information included within the brochure to influence individual health behaviors towards immunization of pertussis through cocooning. Evaluation: Three content experts evaluated the brochure utilizing the Patent Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) auto-scoring tool. Content experts reviewed the brochure and determined the understandability and actionability of the brochure in the form of a percentage. The content expert evaluations all indicated scores of 100%. Conclusion: The brochure created within this DNP Project addresses the educational needs of Alaskan families regarding pertussis infection and the severity of these infections in the infant population. Future implications include brochure production and distribution. The brochure will have the most impact when distributed to maternity units, obstetrical, and gynecological offices in Alaska.
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Bassinet, Laurence. "Bordetella pertussis et épithélium respiratoire : aspects biologiques et cliniques." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003948590204611&vid=upec.
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La coqueluche, infection des voies aériennes inférieures par Boedetella pertussis (Bp), est en recrudescence chez les adultes qui contaminent les nouveaux-nés exposés aux formes sévères de la maladie. Nous rapportons une épidémie de coqueluche parmi les membres du personnel soigant (MPS) d'un hôpital avec contamination de 2 patients adultes. Ces données font discuter une vaccination des MPS. Les interactions de l'hépithélium respiratoire humain avec Bp ont été étudiées dans le but initial de rechercher un réservoir bactérien chez l'adulte. Nous avons montré que Bp pénètre dans des cellules épithéliales bronchiques humaines en lignée HTE. L'invasion est inhibée par une toxine, l'adényl cyclase-hémolysine (AC-Hly). Les cellules HTE en contact avec Bp sont capables de sécréter des cytokines inflammatoires dont l'IL-6. L'AC-Hly est responsable de cette sécrétion d'IL-6 confirmant le rôle de cette toxine dans l'induction de la réponse inflammatoireWhooping cough is a respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis (Bp). Because of waning immunity after vaccination, adult are thought to have been acting as a reservoir for infections in infants, for whom the disease can be serious. We report a pertussis out break among health care workers (HCW) in an hospital with the contamination of 2 adults immunosuppressed patients. Such observations could support the vaccination of HCW. We also studied interactions between human respiratory epithelium and Bp as these cells could constitute a bacterial reservoir in adults. We showed that Bp invades human HTE tracheal apithelial cells line. The invasive capacity of the bacterium is inhibited by the expression of a toxin, the adenylate cyclase-hemolysin (AC-Hly). Interaction of Bp with HTE cells induces the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 by the cells. AC-Hly is responsible of this secretion confirming that this toxin plays an important role in the inflammatory response induced by Bp
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Bassinet, Laurence Guiso-Maclouf Nicole. "Bordetella pertussis et épithélium respiratoire aspects biologiques et cliniques /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0394859.pdf.
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Thèse de doctorat : Sciences de la vie et de la santé. Biologie cellulaire et moléculaires des épithéliums : Paris 12 : 2004.Version électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. : 332 réf.
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Van, der Ploeg Ingeborg. "Studies of G-protein coupled receptors using pertussis toxin." Stockholm : Kongl. Carolinska Medico chirurgiska Institutet, 1991. http://books.google.com/books?id=ks1pAAAAMAAJ.
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Dammers-Müller, Cirsten [Verfasser]. "Schwierigkeiten bei der Diagnostik der Pertussis / Cirsten Dammers-Müller." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1007193131/34.
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Hormozi, E. Kalantar. "Activation and immunogenicity of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30948/.
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Adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) was produced and purified in the toxic CyaC-modified form and the unmodified non-toxic form from both B. pertussis and recombinant E. coli strains in sufficient quantity to allow large scale experimentation. Immunoblot analysis of crude and purified CyaA preparations revealed that the toxins were prepared as full length 200 kDa proteins with a small amount of degradation products of lower molecular weight protein in both toxic and non-toxic forms. The in vivo CyaC-modified CyaA toxin produced from recombinant E. coli showed comparable levels of cytotoxic and invasive activity to that produced from B. pertussis but its haemolytic activity was weaker. In addition, the leukotoxin (LktA) from Pasteurella haemolytica was also produced by expression from recombinant plasmids in E. coli, in both the LktC-modified toxic form and unmodified non-toxic form. The A and C proteins of both toxins were produced separately in E. coli and each could be co-expressed on compatible plasmids. This allowed heterologous activation of CyaA by LktC and LktA by CyaC. The LktC- or CyaC-modified LktA of 105 kDa protein was produced and partially purified from recombinant E. coli strains, but the yield of LktA production was low compared to that of CyaA in the same T7 expression system. The LktC-modified CyaA toxin was also produced but showed no cytotoxic or haemolytic activity. Heterologous activation of LktA by CyaC was successful and the toxin was almost as active against bovine lymphoma (BL3) cells as the LktC-modified toxin. However, the heterologous activation by CyaC did not change its specificity for ruminant cells, because no cytotoxic activity against mouse J774.2 cells or haemolytic activity against horse red blood cells was detected. The CyaC-modified LktA showed a greater haemolytic to cytotoxic ratio than LktC-modified LktA. Thus, LktA modified by CyaC was more haemolytic than the LktC-modified form, but nevertheless retained the specificity for ruminant cells which is a feature of the native toxin. Two hybrid toxins derived from CyaA and LktA were also produced and purified. Hybl contained the N-terminal enzymic domain and the pore forming domain from CyaA (amino acids [aa] 1-687), with the remainder of the protein derived from the C-terminal end of LktA (aa 379-953). Hyb2 was created from Hybl by replacement of the LktA C-terminal domain of Hybl with the C-terminal domain of CyaA (aa 919-1706 ). Part of the region concerned with C-modification site of CyaA (aa 688-918) was therefore replaced with the equivalent region from LktA. The Hybl toxin of 150 kDa protein had normal AC enzymic activity, but showed no toxic activity when modified in vivo by CyaC or LktC. In contrast to CyaA, the 200 kDa Hyb2 protein was activated more efficiently by LktC than by CyaC, although the cytotoxic and haemolytic activity of Hyb2 modified with LktC or CyaC was lower compared to recombinant active CyaA modified by CyaC. However, LktC-modified Hyb2 showed more toxic activity against ruminant than against murine nucleated cells, whereas CyaC-activated Hyb2 displayed a similar, but lower, activity against both cell types, indicating that LktC and the region with which it interacted had an influence on the target cell specificity of the activated toxin.
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Koo, Yoon. "The impact of pertussis toxin on T cell functions." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0077.
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La toxine pertussique (PTX) est une exotoxine produite uniquement par Bordetella pertussis, un pathogène de la coqueluche. Les effets de la toxine au cours d'une infection bactérienne sont bien connus, et sont pour la plupart liés à son activité ADP-ribosyltransférase qui cible les GPCRs. Or, la PTX est un antigène majeur permettant d’établir une réponse immunitaire contre B. pertussis ce qui en fait donc un composant principal de tous les vaccins anti-coqueluche actuels. De nombreux travaux sur la PTX concernent ses mécanismes moléculaires et son rôle durant la phase d'infection. Mais, il y a un manque d'information sur le rôle immunogène de la PTX.En utilisant un modèle d'infection intranasale par B. pertussis, nous avons constaté que la génération de lymphocytes T CD4 mémoires résidant (Trm) dans les poumons dépendait de l'exposition à la PTX. La toxine pertussique est couramment utilisée pour inhiber la réponse aux chimiokines, dans l'étude de la migration des cellules T. Etant donné que la plupart des récepteurs aux chimiokines sont des GPCRs, la mobilité de nombreuses cellules immunitaires, y compris les cellules T, est facilement affectée par la PTX. La migration des cellules T est un phénomène sophistiqué régulé spatio-temporellement. Nos résultats démontrent que la PTX n’affecte pas les étapes de la migration dépendantes des intégrines lorsque les cellules T sont activées.Ce travail s’intéresse à l'impact de la PTX sur la biologie des cellules T en étudiant son rôle dans la réponse immunitaire adaptative in vivo, dans un modèle animal d'infection et son impact sur la migration des lymphocytes T in vitroPertussis toxin (PTX) is an exotoxin uniquely produced from Bordetella pertussis, a human respiratory tract pathogen causing pertussis disease, also known as whooping cough. The toxin is well described its virulence effects during bacterial infection. Most of these effects are due to ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of the molecule that targets G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). On the other hand, PTX is an important antigen that provides protection against pertussis disease and a major component of all current pertussis vaccines. There are numerous literatures on PTX about its molecular mechanisms and its role during infection phase. Instead, lack of information on how PTX contributes host’s adaptive immunity has incurred confusion in understanding the immunogenic role of PTX. With intranasal infection model of B. pertussis, we detected the generation of CD4 lung-resident memory T cells (Trm) were depending on PTX exposure. For T cell migration study, PTX is being used to inhibit chemokine response. Because most of chemokine receptors are GPCR, the motility of many immune cells including T cells is easily affected by PTX. T cell migration is a sophisticate phenomenon regulated space-temporally. The results demonstrated, once T cells become activated and effector, are less influenced than inactivated T cells.This thesis reports the impact of PTX on T cells in two parts; 1) Role of PTX in adaptive immune response by in vivo infection system and 2) Influence of PTX on T cell motility by in vitro assays
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Сміян, Олександр Іванович, Александр Иванович Смиян, Oleksandr Ivanovych Smiian, Олена Геннадіївна Васильєва, Елена Геннадьевна Васильева, Olena Hennadiivna Vasylieva, О. М. Черняк, Г. С. Зайцева, and О. В. Логвінова. "Епідемічна ситуація щодо кашлюка в м. Суми та Cумській області за 2001-2012 роки." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32354.
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Захворюваність на кашлюк й досі залишається на досить високому рівні, не дивлячи на проведення обов’язкових профілактичних щеплень дитячому населенню.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32354
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Pavic, Espinoza Ivana, Medina Sandy Bendezu, Alzamora Angella Herrera, Maria J. Pons, Adrian V. Hernández, Valle Mendoza Juana Mercedes Del, and Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC). "High prevalence of Bordetella pertussis in severe acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children under 5 years in Lima, Peru." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/582376.
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ASTMH 64th Annual Meeting. October 25-29, 2015
Philadelphia Marriott Downtown Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USAAcute respiratory infections (ARI) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years worldwide. Bordetella pertussis is a highly contagious bacterium that can cause serious illness, and approximately half of infected infants less than 1 year old are hospitalized. Also, pertussis immunization series is not completed until six months of age, leaving young infants vulnerable to pertussis. In Peru, pertussis is an increasing health problem despite immunization efforts, and the role of B. pertussis in ARI is unknown. We determined the prevalence of B. pertussis among children under 5 years old admitted to Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia in Lima with diagnosis of ARI between Jan-2009 and Dec 2010. Epidemiological and clinical features were collected, and presence of B. pertussis was determined by PCR (pertussis toxin and IS481 gene). A total of 596 nasopharyngeal samples among children under 5 years were analyzed. In 114 (19.1%) samples were positive for B. pertussis. 32.5% of sample positive to B. pertussis were diagnosed as viral pneumonia at diagnosis. Importantly, 71.9% of cases were under 12 months of age and 58.8% have been contact with other ARI infected people. Significant differences in clinical symptoms between the total ARI cases and B. pertussis cases were not found. The most frequent symptoms in B. pertussis cases were fever (100%), rhinorrhea 78%, cough 71.9% and respiratory distress 60.5%. One child died due to the infection. B. pertussis cases showed a seasonal distribution with peaks during the months March June and November. This study shows the high prevalence of B. pertussis in infants who were hospitalized due to severe acute respiratory infections in Lima, Peru. Epidemiologic surveillance programs for B. pertussis are essential in the future in Peru