Relevant bibliographies by topics / Perturbed atmosphere

Academic literature on the topic 'Perturbed atmosphere'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Perturbed atmosphere"

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Farneti, Riccardo. "Coupled Interannual Rossby Waves in a Quasigeostrophic Ocean–Atmosphere Model." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 1192–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3061.1.

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Abstract Rossby wave propagation is investigated in the framework of an idealized middle-latitude quasigeostrophic coupled ocean–atmosphere model. The Rossby waves are observed to propagate faster than both the classical linear theory (unperturbed solution) and the phase speed estimates when the effect of the zonal mean flow is added (perturbed solution). Moreover, using statistical eigentechniques, a clear coupled Rossby wave mode is identified between a baroclinic oceanic Rossby wave and an equivalent barotropic atmospheric wave. The spatial phase relationship of the coupled wave is similar to the one predicted by Goodman and Marshall, suggesting a positive ocean–atmosphere feedback. It is argued that oceanic Rossby waves can be efficiently coupled to the overlying atmosphere and that the atmospheric coupling is capable of adding an extra speedup to the wave; in fact, when the ocean is simply forced, the Rossby wave propagation speed approaches the perturbed solution.
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Penkett, Stuart A. "Changing ozone, evidence for a perturbed atmosphere." Environmental Science & Technology 25, no. 4 (April 1991): 630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00016a006.

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Allard, N. F., F. Spiegelman, T. Leininger, and P. Molliere. "New study of the line profiles of sodium perturbed by H2." Astronomy & Astrophysics 628 (August 2019): A120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935593.

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The opacity of alkali atoms, most importantly of Na and K, plays a crucial role in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs and exoplanets. We present a comprehensive study of Na–H2 collisional profiles at temperatures from 500 to 3000 K, the temperatures prevailing in the atmosphere of brown dwarfs and Jupiter-mass planets. The relevant H2 perturber densities reach several 1019 cm−3 in hot (Teff ≳ 1500 K) Jupiter-mass planets and can exceed 1020 cm−3 for more massive or cooler objects. Accurate pressure-broadened profiles that are valid at high densities of H2 should be incorporated into spectral models. Unified profiles of sodium perturbed by molecular hydrogen were calculated in the semi-classical approach using up-to-date molecular data. New Na–H2 collisional profiles and their effects on the synthetic spectra of brown dwarfs and hot Jupiters computed with petitCODE are presented.
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Miller, R. L. "Adjustment to Radiative Forcing in a Simple Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model." Journal of Climate 25, no. 22 (November 14, 2012): 7802–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00119.1.

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Abstract This study calculates the adjustment to radiative forcing in a simple model of a mixed layer ocean coupled to the overlying atmosphere. One application of the model is to calculate how dust aerosols perturb the temperature of the atmosphere and ocean, which in turn influence tropical cyclone development. Forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is the primary control upon both the atmospheric and ocean temperature anomalies, both at equilibrium and during most of the adjustment to the forcing. Ocean temperature is directly influenced by forcing only at the surface, but is indirectly related to forcing at TOA due to heat exchange with the atmosphere. Within a few days of the forcing onset, the atmospheric temperature adjusts to heating within the aerosol layer, reducing the net transfer of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere. For realistic levels of aerosol radiative forcing, the perturbed net surface heating strongly opposes forcing at the surface. This means that surface forcing dominates the ocean response only within the first few days following a dust outbreak, before the atmosphere has responded. This suggests that, to calculate the effect of dust upon the ocean temperature, the atmospheric adjustment must be taken into account explicitly and forcing at TOA must be considered in addition to the surface forcing. The importance of TOA forcing should be investigated in a model where vertical and lateral mixing of heat are calculated with fewer assumptions than in the simple model presented here. Nonetheless, the fundamental influence of TOA forcing appears to be only weakly sensitive to the model assumptions.
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Frame, D. J., T. Aina, C. M. Christensen, N. E. Faull, S. H. E. Knight, C. Piani, S. M. Rosier, K. Yamazaki, Y. Yamazaki, and M. R. Allen. "The climate prediction .net BBC climate change experiment: design of the coupled model ensemble." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1890 (December 16, 2008): 855–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0240.

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Perturbed physics experiments are among the most comprehensive ways to address uncertainty in climate change forecasts. In these experiments, parameters and parametrizations in atmosphere–ocean general circulation models are perturbed across ranges of uncertainty, and results are compared with observations. In this paper, we describe the largest perturbed physics climate experiment conducted to date, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) climate change experiment, in which the physics of the atmosphere and ocean are changed, and run in conjunction with a forcing ensemble designed to represent uncertainty in past and future forcings, under the A1B Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) climate change scenario.
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Collins, M., C. M. Brierley, M. MacVean, B. B. B. Booth, and G. R. Harris. "The Sensitivity of the Rate of Transient Climate Change to Ocean Physics Perturbations." Journal of Climate 20, no. 10 (May 15, 2007): 2315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4116.1.

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Abstract “Perturbed physics” ensembles of Hadley Centre climate models have recently been used to quantify uncertainties in atmospheric and surface climate feedbacks under enhanced levels of CO2, and to produce probabilistic estimates of the magnitude of equilibrium climate change. The rate of time-dependent climate change is determined both by the strength of atmosphere–surface climate feedbacks and by the strength of processes that remove heat from the surface to the deep ocean. Here a first small ensemble of coupled atmosphere–ocean climate model experiments in which the parameters that control three key ocean physical processes are perturbed is described. It is found that the perturbations have little impact on the rate of ocean heat uptake, and thus have little impact on the time-dependent rate of global warming. Under the idealized scenario of 1% yr−1 compounded CO2 increase, the spread in the transient climate response is of the order of a few tenths of a degree, in contrast to the spread of order of 1° caused by perturbing atmospheric model parameters.
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Petricca, Flavio, Antonio Genova, Sander Goossens, Luciano Iess, and Giorgio Spada. "Constraining the Internal Structures of Venus and Mars from the Gravity Response to Atmospheric Loading." Planetary Science Journal 3, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac7878.

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Abstract The gravity fields of celestial bodies that possess an atmosphere are periodically perturbed by the redistribution of fluid mass associated with atmospheric dynamics. A component of this perturbation is due to the gravitational response of the body to the deformation of its surface induced by the atmospheric pressure loading. The magnitude of this effect depends on the relation between the loading and the response in terms of geopotential variations measured by the load Love numbers. In this work, we simulate and analyze the gravity field generated by the atmospheres of Venus and Mars by accounting for different models of their internal structure. By precisely characterizing the phenomena that drive the mass transportation in the atmosphere through general circulation models, we determine the effect of the interior structure on the response to the atmospheric loading. An accurate estimation of the time-varying gravity field, which measures the atmospheric contribution, may provide significant constraints on the interior structure through the measurement of the load Love numbers. A combined determination of tidal and load Love numbers would enhance our knowledge of the interior of planetary bodies, providing further geophysical constraints in the inversion of internal structure models.
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Mishra, Parthasarathi, Srinivasa Ramanujam Kannan, and Chandrasekar Radhakrishnan. "The Effect of Anthropogenic Heat and Moisture on Local Weather at Industrial Heat Islands: A Numerical Experiment." Atmosphere 13, no. 2 (February 20, 2022): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020357.

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The current study addresses the role of heat and moisture emitted from anthropogenic sources on the local weather with the aid of numerical weather prediction (NWP). The heat and moisture emitted by industries to the atmosphere are considered main sources in this study. In order to understand the effect of heat and moisture on local weather, the study is conducted to capture the impact of heat with no moisture change. The results are compared against a control run case without perturbation and also against the case where both heat and moisture are perturbed with temperature as a single parameter. The Angul district in Odisha that houses over 4000 industries is considered our study region. The numerical simulations are performed using the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for two rain events, namely a light rain case and a heavy rain case, with different physics options available in the WRF model. The WRF simulated maximum rainfall rate using various microphysics schemes are compared with the Tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) observations for validation purposes. Our study shows that the WDM6 double moment microphysics scheme is better in capturing rain events. The TRMM-validated WRF simulation is considered a reference state of the atmosphere against which comparisons for the perturbed case are made. The surface temperature is perturbed by increasing it by 10 K near the industrial site and exponentially decreasing it with height up to the atmospheric boundary layer. A numerical experiment represents heating without addition of moisture by recalculating the relative humidity (RH) corresponding to the perturbed temperature. The perturbed temperature affects sensible heat (SH) and latent heat (LH) parameters in the numerical experiment. From the results of the numerical investigation, it is found that the near-surface rainfall rate increases locally in a reasonable manner with the addition of sensible heat to the atmosphere. A comparison against the case where moisture is added shows that enhanced rainfall is more sensitive to sensible and latent heat than sensible heat alone.
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YANG, HUIJUN. "CHAOTIC MIXING AND TRANSPORT IN WAVE SYSTEMS AND THE ATMOSPHERE." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 03, no. 06 (December 1993): 1423–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127493001136.

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In this paper, we presented some results on chaotic mixing and transport in dynamical systems, particularly in wave systems and in the atmosphere. In wave systems, we studied chaotic mixing and transport in a perturbed traveling wave and in a perturbed stationary wave. We found that there is a fundamentally difference between the two cases. There can exist invariant KAM tori in perturbed traveling waves, and no such invariant KAM tori can be identified in perturbed stationary waves. The characteristics of mixing and transport in wave systems much depend on the perturbation structure. In some cases for both perturbed traveling waves and perturbed stationary waves, there exist porous barriers preventing rapid mixing and transport. The mechanism of chaotic mixing and transport is stretching and folding, which is shown to be the horseshoe mapping topologically. Global chaotic mixing and transport on the isentropic surface of the atmosphere was also studied. To better understand the generation of fine structure in the smooth velocity field and to gain an insight to chaotic mixing and transport, a color visualization method has been applied. Using different color pallets, we were able to emphasize different parts of the domain and obtained a wealth of information about the process. Several statistical characteristics methods have been introduced, including fractal dimension and the Lyapunov exponent. The probability distribution function and multifractal were also mentioned with application to chaotic mixing and transport. We then turned our attention to dynamically active mixing and transport. We discussed chaotic wave packet mixing and transport, describing two types of wave mixing and transport processes, i.e., dynamically passive wave mixing and dynamically active wave mixing. When the path of the wave packet is chaotic, we have chaotic wave packet mixing and transport. We showed that passive wave mixing and transport is described by the Lagrangian trajectory of the basic flow whereas dynamically active wave mixing and transport is described by the Lagrangian trajectory of wave packet. We found that there are two mechanisms in dynamically active wave mixing and transport. The first is advection by the medium flow; the second is the dispersion process, which is directly related to energy dispersion of the waves. Armed with the concept of dynamically active mixing and transport, we simulated the cloud pattern in the tropospheric atmosphere using an evaporation-transport-condensation model, and found it to be strikingly similar to cloud pictures taken by satellite.
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Mioc, V., C. Blaga, and E. Radu. "Perturbed Motion of an Orbiter in the Martian Atmosphere." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 16, no. 4 (September 21, 1991): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/16/4/002.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Perturbed atmosphere"

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Anderson, Benjamin Mark. "Feedback mechanisms and constraints on climate sensitivity from a perturbed physics ensemble of general circulation models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670120.

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Pannekoucke, Olivier. "Modélisation des structures locales de covariance des erreurs de prévision à l'aide des ondelettes." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00285515.

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La représentation des variations spatio-temporelles des fonctions de covariance d'erreur d'ébauche reste un problème majeur dans les algorithmes d'assimilation. Dans cette thèse le diagnostic des variations géographiques des corrélations locales est introduit via le diagnostic de la portée locale. L'estimation de cette portée ainsi que les propriétés de l'estimation sont étudiés en détail. Ce travail utilise des ondelettes sphériques, suivant la formulation introduite par Mike Fisher (ECMWF), pour modéliser les fonctions de corrélation locale "du jour". Il est montré que cette formulation moyenne spatialement les corrélations locales, permettant de réduire le bruit d'échantillonnage. D'autre part, cette formulation ondelette fournit une estimation robuste même pour un petit ensemble. Elle est aussi capable de capturer la dynamique spatio-temporelle des corrélations, ceci est illustré à l'aide de la dynamique des portées locales du jour.
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Books on the topic "Perturbed atmosphere"

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J, Heintzenberg, and Charlson Robert J, eds. Clouds in the perturbed climate system: Their relationship to energy balance, atmospheric dynamics, and precipitation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009.

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Charlson, Robert J., and Jost Heintzenberg. Clouds in the Perturbed Climate System: Their Relationship to Energy Balance, Atmospheric Dynamics, and Precipitation. MIT Press, 2018.

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Charlson, Robert J., and Jost Heintzenberg. Clouds in the Perturbed Climate System: Their Relationship to Energy Balance, Atmospheric Dynamics, and Precipitation. MIT Press, 2009.

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Axelrad, Donald M., Darren G. Rumbold, and Curtis D. Pollman. Mercury and the Everglades. A Synthesis and Model for Complex Ecosystem Restoration: Volume I - The Evolution of the Everglades as a Perturbed Ecosystem and the Role of Atmospheric Mercury. Springer, 2019.

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Axelrad, Donald M., Darren G. Rumbold, and Curtis D. Pollman. Mercury and the Everglades. a Synthesis and Model for Complex Ecosystem Restoration: Volume I - the Evolution of the Everglades As a Perturbed Ecosystem and the Role of Atmospheric Mercury. Springer International Publishing AG, 2020.

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Axelrad, Donald M., Darren G. Rumbold, and Curtis D. Pollman. Mercury and the Everglades. A Synthesis and Model for Complex Ecosystem Restoration: Volume I – The Evolution of the Everglades as a Perturbed Ecosystem and the Role of Atmospheric Mercury. Springer, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Perturbed atmosphere"

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Mous, Sipko L. J. "Detection of a Perturbed Equator-Pole Temperature Gradient in a Spectral Model of the Atmospheric Circulation." In Predictability and Nonlinear Modelling in Natural Sciences and Economics, 86–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0962-8_8.

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Roubelat, Flore C., Aurélien Costes, William P. Antolin, and Mélanie C. Rochoux. "Identifying the most influential parameters in experimental grass fire spread modeling using global sensitivity analysis." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 240–45. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_39.

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Coupled atmosphere/fire models are recognized as an efficient and representative way to simulate wildland fire behavior at geographical-to-meteorological scales by representing the two-way interactions between the fire front propagation and the surrounding atmosphere. They rely on a rate-of-spread (ROS) parameterization to represent the fire front propagation speed with respect to environmental factors characterizing biomass fuel properties and moisture content, near-surface wind conditions and terrain slope. In actual wildfire events, these input parameters are only partially known and induce significant uncertainties in the coupled model predictions. To estimate the envelope of plausible wildland fire behavior for a given event, we aim at designing a perturbed-physics ensemble prediction capability based on a coupled atmosphere/fire model. To make the approach feasible, it is essential to identify the relevant subset of parameters to perturb to generate an ensemble of fire front positions and shapes. In the present study, we perform a global sensitivity analysis based on Sobol’ indices to rank the environmental factors by order of influence on the Balbi’s ROS parameterization, and thereby identify the parameters that contribute most to the variability of ROS. Results show the predominance of the near-surface wind speed on the ROS variability, followed by the leaf area index LAI, the ignition temperature T_i, the dead fuel moisture content M_d, the dead fuel particle mass density ho_d, and the fuel layer height e. Results also indicate that the sensitivity of each fuel parameter to the ROS is not constant with respect to the near-surface wind speed, and that the most influential input parameters differ between the head and the back of a fire. This indicates the importance of exploring the spatial and temporal dependencies of coupled model sensitivities in future work.
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Goyal, Manish Kumar, and Irom Royal. "Soil Carbon Sequestration." In Natural Resources Management, 188–212. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0803-8.ch010.

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The gaseous composition of our earth's atmosphere has changed drastically in recent years. This has resulted in unprecedented global warming, hydrological variation, and various climate change impacts in different places of the world. Mitigation and adaptive strategies of climate change through soil carbon sequestration technique is emerged as an alternative option. Among the different types of soil, forest soil has the highest potential to sequester atmospheric carbon because of its rich ecology. However, human-induced deforestation activities and traditional methods of cultivation perturb the soil of organic carbon. Therefore, it is essential to understand the various influencing factors and subsequently the improvement of existing ecosystem for the mitigation of global climate change to some extent. Studies and innovative research on agroforestry, including soil carbon sequestration at regional level, will be a better choice for improvement of environment, food security, and climate change.
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Lynch, David K., and Kenneth Sassen. "Cirrus: The Future." In Cirrus. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195130720.003.0025.

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The preceding 20 chapters reveal cirrus in considerable depth. Just as important, however, is what is not revealed. There are many things that we do not know or understand about cirrus. In this final chapter we present the outstanding scientific issues facing the cirrus research community. Our goal here is to produce a guide for students, scientists, policy makers, and funding organizations who wish to quickly grasp the direction and future needs of cirrus research. The impact of cirrus clouds on climate and how they interact with a climate perturbed by human enterprise is only dimly perceived. Do cirrus clouds, on a regional or global scale, act to cool or warm our planet? By reflecting incoming solar radiation to space, they can cool. Yet as an opacity source in the 10-μm window, they can radiate downward and warm the Earth. Which process dominates, and under what conditions does warming overtake cooling? Does the atmosphere react to cirrus globally or regionally (i.e., can cirrus increase pole-equator temperature differences or mute them)? Are there other mechanisms at work that defeat or amplify temperature changes by cirrus? We do not yet know. Programs such as SUCCESS, ICE, CRYSTAL, INCA, and FIRE/SHEBA will do much to answer questions about contrails and cirrus variability from one part of the world to another. They also will go a long way toward understanding one of the most difficult problems in meteorology: how convection and turbulence are related to cirrus formation and maintenance. In the meantime, existing capabilities are underused. For example, remote sensing techniques for estimating ice water path now exist but have not been assigned enough priority to achieve the necessary breakthroughs. Considerable progress could also be made in data analysis. As in other fields, analyzing existing data has a lower funding priority than designing and building new hardware and flight systems. Three fields of inquiry need more attention before we can claim a sufficient understanding of cirrus: physical properties, radiative properties, and modeling. These fields are interconnected in often subtle ways. Much of what we do not know about cirrus involves the range of properties and their evolution in time.
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Lovejoy, Shaun. "Macroweather predictions and climate projections." In Weather, Macroweather, and the Climate. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864217.003.0011.

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“Does the Flapping of a Butterfly’s Wings in Brazil Set off a Tornado in Texas?” This was the provocative title of an address given by Edward Lorenz, the origin for the (nearly) household expression “butterfly effect.” It was December 1972 and it had been nearly ten years since he had discovered it,1 yet its significance was only then being recognized. Lorenz explained: “In more technical language, is the behavior of the atmosphere unstable to small perturbations?” His answer: “Although we cannot claim to have proven that the atmosphere is unstable, the evidence that it is so is overwhelming.” Imagine two planets identical in every way except that on one there is a butterfly that flaps its wings. The butterfly effect means that their future evolutions are “sensitively dependent” on the initial conditions, so that a mere flap of a wing could perturb the atmosphere sufficiently so that, eventually, the weather patterns on the two planets would evolve quite differently. On the planet with the Brazilian butterfly, the number of tornadoes would likely be the same. But on a given day, one might occur in Texas rather than Oklahoma. This sensitive dependence on small perturbations thus limits our ability to predict the weather. For Earth, Lorenz estimated this predictability limit to be about two weeks. From Chapters 4 and 5 and the discussion that follows, we now understand it as the slightly shorter weather– macroweather transition scale. In Chapter 1, we learned that the ratio of the nonlinear to linear terms in the (deterministic) equations governing the atmosphere is typically about a thou­sand billion. The nonlinear terms are the mathematical expressions of physical mechanisms that can blow up microscopic perturbations into large effects. Therefore, we expect instability. Chapter 4, we examined instability from the point of view of the higher level statistical laws— the fact that, at weather scales, the fluctuation exponents H for all atmospheric fields are positive (in space, up to the size of the planet; in time, up to the weather– macroweather transition scale at five to ten days).
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Yung, Yuk L., and William B. DeMore. "Earth: Imprint of Life." In Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195105018.003.0012.

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Earth is the largest of the four terrestrial planets, three of which have substantial atmospheres. The astronomical and orbital parameters are summarized in table 9.1. Our planet has an obliquity of 23.5°, giving rise to well-known seasonal variations in solar insolation. The orbital elements are slightly perturbed by other planets in the solar system (primarily Jupiter), with time scales from 20 to 100 kyr, and these changes are believed to cause the advance and retreat of ice sheets. The last glacial maximum (LGM) occurred 18 kyr ago, at which time the planet was colder by several degrees centigrade on average. At present Earth is in an interglacial warm period. The origin of Earth may not be very different from that of the other terrestrial bodies. However, three properties may be unique to this planet. One is the formation of the Moon, probably via collision between Earth and a Mars-sized body. Second is the release of a huge amount of water from the interior (see discussion in section 8.5). Third, Earth is endowed with a large magnetic field that protects it from direct impact by the solar wind. Seventy percent of Earth's surface is covered by oceans, which have a mean depth of 3 km. There is so much water that Arthur C. Clarke proposed that "Ocean" might be a better name for our planet than "Earth." The enormous body of water became the cradle of life as early as 3.85 Gyr ago. The present terrestrial environment is the end-product of billions of years of evolution driven by the hydrological cycle and global biogeochemical cycles, in addition to the slower forces of geodynamics and geochemistry. The massive hydrological cycle and the biogeochemical cycles that operate on Earth are absent from other planets in the solar system. Mars in the remote past might have had a milder climate with liquid water on the surface, but the planet dried up a few eons ago. There is to date no observational evidence for the hypothetical oceans (composed of liquid hydrocarbons) on Titan. Life on a planetary scale equivalent to the terrestrial biosphere does not exist elsewhere in the solar system.
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Conference papers on the topic "Perturbed atmosphere"

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Strow, L. Larrabee. "A Signal-Processing Approach for the Retrieval of Global Tropospheric CO Using the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1993.the.9.

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One goal of the Earth Observing Systems (EOS) is to measure concentrations of key atmospheric gases on a global scale in order to understand biogeochemical cycles in both the natural, unpolluted atmosphere, and in regions where anthropogenic activities have perturbed concentrations of gas-phase species. A particular concern in tropospheric chemistry is that increasing levels of carbon monoxide (CO) may lead to a decrease in atmospheric hydroxyl (OH) which would reduce the atmosphere's ability to scavenge other trace gases.
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Ridderhof, Jack, and Panagiotis Tsiotras. "Planetary Entry in a Randomly Perturbed Atmosphere." In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1218.

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Jäger, H. "The Pinatubo Eruption in Relation to the El Chichon Event and the Stratospheric Background Load." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1993.tha.2.

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Long-term records of the stratospheric aerosol layer exhibit periods of low and high aerosol load. Both, the background periods and the volcanically perturbed periods, are of interest. Long-term lidar records, which cover up to two decades (e.g. DeFoor, 1993), show that the variability of the stratospheric aerosol content spans more than two orders of magnitude. Our interest is not only devoted to spectacular volcanic perturbations of the stratosphere. Of course, such events provide large signals, not only to our lidar systems, but also to atmospheric chemistry and radiation models; but the highly perturbed situation is not the normal state of the stratosphere. This is rather a state of more or less aged volcanic load. But there are also periods which are not affected by the build-up and the decay of volcanic perturbations. Such background periods have to be studied carefully to extract information on other sources of the stratospheric aerosol. Such sources might be the diffusion of sulphurous precursor gases into the stratosphere or convective processes, and, in addition, we cannot rule out sources resulting from anthropogenic activities.
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Picard, Richard H., Edmond M. Dewan, James H. Brown, Robert R. O'Neil, Jeremy R. Winick, William A. M. Blumberg, and Peter P. Wintersteiner. "Structure of radiance from an atmosphere perturbed by superposed gravity waves." In International Symposium on Remote Sensing, edited by Klaus P. Schaefer, Olga Lado-Bordowsky, Adolfo Comeron, and Richard H. Picard. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.463361.

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Peters, Eduardo, Gustavo Funes, and Jaime A. Anguita. "Complete wavefront reconstruction of perturbed singular beams by single-pixel phase retrieval." In Laser Communication and Propagation through the Atmosphere and Oceans IX, edited by David T. Wayne, Jaime A. Anguita, and Jeremy P. Bos. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2568026.

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Goldberg, Mitchell D. "Approximating Transmittance Perturbations for the Simultaneous Retrieval of Temperature and Moisture." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.owd6.

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The perturbed form of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) for the simultaneous retrieval of temperature and moisture is given in Smith et al. (1985, 1991) as where ΔR is the deviation of the observed radiance from a mean or initial guess radiance. The first integral term in (1) physically represents the contribution of the Planck equivalent departure of the ambient temperature from a mean or initial guess temperature, ΔB, weighted by the vertical derivative of transmittance dτ which is evaluated for the initial condition. Any contribution to ΔR due to differences between the initial and ambient transmittance profiles, Δτ, are accounted for by the second integral term.
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Osborn, Mary T., David M. Winker, David C. Woods, and Robert J. DeCoursey. "Evolution of the Pinatubo Volcanic Cloud Over Hampton, Virginia." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1993.the.23.

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A series of eruptions of the Philippine Mt. Pinatubo volcano in June 1991 climaxed in cataclysmic eruptions on June 15-16, which greatly perturbed the stratospheric aerosol layer. These eruptions yielded an estimated 20 megatonnes of SO2, which is nearly three times the amount produced by the eruptions of El Chichon in 1982 (Bluth et al., 1991). Lidar measurements taken at 694 nm by the 48-inch lidar system at Langley Research Center (LaRC) in Hampton, Virginia, show the vertical distribution, intensity and spread of the Pinatubo aerosol layers over this mid-latitude location. The peak stratospheric aerosol burden, which occurred in late February 1992, is equivalent to an optical depth of approximately 0.2 at 694 nm. In the subsequent nine months, the stratospheric loading has decreased with an l/e decay rate of 7.3 months. The magnitudes, transport times, and decay rates of the volcanic aerosol layers following Pinatubo and El Chichon are compared.
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Davis, Sumner P., An-Dien Nguyen, Françoise Michaud, and Françoise Roux. "High Resolution Fourier Spectrometry of the Nitrogen Molecular Ion." In Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fts.1995.ffd1.

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The spectrum of N 2 + has been and still is the subject of many investigations, mainly because of the role this ion plays in electric discharge plasmas, and atmospheric phenomena. Optical diagnostics and radiative modeling require accurate spectroscopic data (wavenumbers, molecular constants, transition probabilities) to predict the radiation of air, for example in the re-entry of spaces vehicles in the earth's atmosphere. A comparison between the experimental spectrum and a numerical simulation shows important disagreements when the perturbations are not modeled (1). The aim of the present work is to carry out a more complete deperturbation of the strongly perturbed N 2 + first negative system B 2 Σ u + → X 2 Σ g + . Line shifts of several cm-1 can be observed.
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Lyubimov, V. V., and V. S. Lashin. "External Stability and Prediction of Occurrence of a Resonance at the Perturbed Descent of a Spacecraft in the Atmosphere." In 2020 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fareastcon50210.2020.9271339.

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Zakharov, Ivan G., and O. L. Mozgovaya. "Thermospheric/ionospheric disturbances under quiet and magneto-perturbed conditions." In Ninth Joint International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics/Atmospheric Physics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Vladimir P. Lukin. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.497349.

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Reports on the topic "Perturbed atmosphere"

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Covey, C., S. Brandon, P. Bremer, D. Domyancis, X. Garaizar, G. Johannesson, R. Klein, et al. A New Ensemble of Perturbed-Input-Parameter Simulations by the Community Atmosphere Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1035301.

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Covey, Curt, Donald D. Lucas, and Kevin E. Trenberth. Land-total and Ocean-total Precipitation and Evaporation from a Community Atmosphere Model version 5 Perturbed Parameter Ensemble. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1244659.

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Farley, Robert, and Philip Soletsky. An Investigation of Atmospheric Dynamics and Minor Atmospheric Species Under Quiet and Perturbed Conditions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada325162.

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