Academic literature on the topic 'Pertes de colonies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pertes de colonies"
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Gueye, A., M. Mbengue, A. Diouf, and Georges Vassiliades. "Prophylaxie de la cowdriose et observations sur la pathologie ovine dans la région des Niayes au Sénégal." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 42, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8742.
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Des moutons provenant d'une zone indemne de cowdriose ont été immunisés par la méthode de l'infection, suivie du traitement par une oxytétracycline à longue durée d'action. Ces animaux sont ensuite exposés dans une zone d'enzootie à l'infection naturelle, en même temps que des moutons témoins. On observe l'évolution numérique des tiques infestant ces ovins, afin d'établir une corrélation entre l'infestation causée par certaines espèces, notamment par Amblyomma variegatum, et l'apparition de la cowdriose. Chez des animaux dont la mort est associée à l'ehrlichiose et à l'anaplasmose dans le lot des moutons immunisés contre la cowdriose, on observe, sur les frottis de cortex cérébral de certains animaux, des colonies de Cowdria ruminantium. Des interrogations subsistent donc sur la véritable nature de l'immunité engendrée par la cowdriose. Par ailleurs, ces pertes mettent en évidence la nécessité d'une approche intégrée pour la lutte contre la pathologie affectant le bétail dans une région. L'examen des espèces de tiques inféodées au cheptel indique la présence, dorénavant significative, de Rh. e. evertsi auparavant absente de cette région.
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COULIBALY, Klotioloma, Inza Jésus FOFANA, Gogbé Françoise DIBI, Tchéféri Lacina SORO, Kouamé Norbert N’DRI, Brigitte Sahin GUIRAUD, Walet Pierre N’GUESSAN, et al. "Incidence de la pourriture noire des cabosses du cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao L.) et caractérisation de Botryodiplodia theobromae, agent causal en Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Applied Biosciences 184 (April 30, 2023): 19349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.184.8.
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Objectif : Cette étude a été réalisée dans le but d’évaluer l’incidence de la pourriture noire des cabosses sur la production cacaoyère et d’étudier sur la base des caractères morphologiques, la diversité des isolats de Botryodiplodia theobromae, l’agent responsable. Méthodologie et Résultats : Des observations en champ ont été réalisées pendant deux années consécutives dans 18 plantations cacaoyères choisies dans trois régions de cacaoculture (Sud Comoé, Guémon et Nawa). Le dispositif expérimental a été constitué de 100 cacaoyers sur lesquels, le nombre de cabosses atteintes par la pourriture noire est dénombré par intervalle de 15 jours. Dans ces parcelles, des cabosses atteintes naturellement de pourriture noire ont été prélevées pour l’isolement de différents isolats de Botryodiplodia theobromae en vue de l’étude de leurs caractères morphologiques. Les résultats de cette étude ont révélé pour les deux années d’observation, une différence significative entre les différentes régions. La région du Sud-Comoé a enregistré le plus fort taux de pertes (26,03%), tandis que les régions du Guémon et de la Nawa ont été caractérisées par des taux respectifs de 15,99% et 12,74% de pertes dues à la pourriture noire au cours de la première année d’observation. Au cours la seconde année d’observation, la région du Guémon a enregistré les plus fortes pertes (21.13%), contre des taux respectifs de 7,80% et 7,42% pour les régions du Sud-Comoé et de la Nawa. Quarante (40) isolats de Botryodiplodia theobromae ont été isolés à partir des cabosses de cacaoyer naturellement atteintes de pourriture noire. Les caractères morphologiques ont mis en évidence trois morphotypes sur milieu petit pois gélosé : cotonneux, clairsemé et duveteux, avec une coloration allant de blanchâtre à noirâtre et grisâtre. La vitesse moyenne de la croissance des colonies mycéliennes a varié de 46,4mm/j à 74,95mm/j et la densité sporale de 0,08.105 conidies/ml à 16,92.105 conidies/ml. 19349 Coulibaly et al., J. Appl. Biosci. Vol : 184, 2023 Incidence de la pourriture noire des cabosses du cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao L.) et caractérisation de Botryodiplodia theobromae, agent causal en Côte d’Ivoire Conclusion et application des résultats Cette étude a permis de déterminer les pertes de récolte dues à la pourriture noire des cabosses dans ces régions de productions et de confirmer la variation morphologique des isolats de Botryodiplodia theobromae. A partir de ces résultats, il convient donc de recommander aux cacaoculteurs de considérer cette maladie comme une contrainte importante à la cacaoculture et de l’intégrer dans leurs stratégies de lutte. Mots clés : pourriture noire, incidence, Botryodiplodia theobromae, caractérisation morphologique Incidence of black pod rot of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and characterization of Botryodiplodia theobromae, causal agent in Côte d'Ivoire ABSTRACT Objective: This study was conducted to assess the impact of black pod rot on cocoa production and to study the diversity of isolates of Botryodiplodia theobromae, the causal agent, based on morphological characteristics. Methodology and results: Field observations were carried out during two consecutive years in 18 cocoa plantations selected in three cocoa growing regions (Sud-Comoe, Guemon and Nawa). The experimental set-up consisted of 100 cocoa trees on which the number of pods affected by black rot was counted at 15-day intervals. In these plots, pods naturally affected by black rot were collected for the isolation of different isolates of Botryodiplodia theobromae in order to study their morphological characteristics. The results of this study revealed for the two years of observation, a significant difference between the different regions. The Sud-Comoé region recorded the highest rate of losses (26.03%), while the Guemon and Nawa regions were characterized by respective rates of 15.99% and 12.74% of losses due to black rot during the first year of observation. In the second year of observation, the Guemon region recorded the highest losses (21.13%), compared to respective rates of 7.80% and 7.42% for the Sud-Comoe and Nawa regions. Forty (40) isolates of Botryodiplodia theobromae were isolated from cocoa pods naturally affected by black rot. Morphological characters revealed three morphotypes on agar pea medium: cottony, sparse and fluffy with whitish to blackish and grayish coloration. The average growth rate of mycelial colonies ranged from 46.4mm/d to 74.95mm/d and the spore density from 0.08.105 conidia/ml to 16.92.105 conidia/ml. Conclusion and application of results : This study allowed to determine the crop losses due to black pod rot in these production regions and to confirm the morphological variation of Botryodiplodia theobromae isolates . Based on these results, it is recommended that cocoa farmers consider this disease as an important constraint to cocoa production and integrate it into their control strategies. Keywords: black rot, incidence, Botryodiplodia theobromae, morphological characterization
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Cueto Alonso, Gerardo J. "Las expectativas frustradas de la Azucarera Montañesa en Torrelavega (Cantabria), 1898-1920 / The frustrated expectations of the Azucarera Montañesa in Torrelavega (Cantabria), 1898-1920." Ería 1, no. 1 (May 3, 2020): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/er.1.2020.89-106.
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En 1899 comenzó a funcionar en Torrelavega la Azucarera Montañesa, creada un año antes, dedicada a la fabricación de azúcar a partir de la remolacha. Su instalación se enmarcaba en un momento de crisis tras la pérdida de las colonias americanas y de desabastecimiento de azúcar en España. Veinte años más tarde la fábrica cerraba sin haber alcanzado en ningún momento las cifras de producción esperadas. La reticencia de los campesinos cántabros a introducir el cultivo de remolacha en su terrazgo fue la principal causa de su fracaso.En 1899, l’Azucarera Montañesa, créée un an plus tôt, a commencé à fonctionner à Torrelavega. Son installation a été mise en service à un moment de crise après la perte des colonies américaines et la pénurie de sucre en Espagne. Vingt ans plus tard, l’usine ferme sans avoir atteint la production attendue. La réticence des agriculteurs de Cantabrie à introduire la culture de betterave dans leurs terrains a été la principale cause de son échec.In 1899, the Azucarera Montañesa, founded a year earlier, began operating in Torrelavega. Its installation was created at a time of crisis after the loss of the American colonies and sugar shortages in Spain. Twenty years later the factory closed without ever having reached the expected production. The reluctance of Cantabrian peasants to introduce beet cultivation in their properties was the main cause of its failure.
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Nkunzimana, Obed. "La langue française au Rwanda. Chronique d’une mort programmée." ALTERNATIVE FRANCOPHONE 1, no. 7 (September 15, 2014): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/af23071.
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En 2009, le Rwanda, ancienne colonie belge et pays francophone, passe officiellement et sans états d’âme « de Voltaire à Shakespeare » ( Ouazani), en s’affiliant au Commonwealth, au terme d’ un intense lobbying auprès des membres influents de ce club réservé essentiellement aux anciennes colonies britanniques. L’anglais devient langue unique de formation du primaire à l’université, reléguant ainsi le français au rang de simple langue seconde parmi tant d’autres proposées dans les programmes de formation publique ou privée. Eu égard à cette quête de changement d’alliances, d’autres pays tels que le Gabon, le Burundi, le Madagascar seraient des exemples intéressants à examiner, mais nous proposons de nous concentrer sur le cas particulier et sans précédent du Rwanda. En jetant un regard critique sur certains aspects de l’entreprise coloniale belge notamment sa stratégie éducative, nous tenterons de montrer que le déclin du français, c’est-à-dire sa perte de statut de langue officielle et peut-être un jour sa disparition pure et simple comme langue d’usage par les Rwandais, était programmé d’avance, inscrit non seulement dans les gènes mêmes de son implantation par l’autorité coloniale belge, il y a environ un siècle de cela, mais surtout dans la singularité du contexte farouchement et exclusivement monolingue du Rwanda traditionnel ; que même si le rebond de la langue française n’est pas impossible, le chemin est parsemé d’obstacles presque infranchissables, en raison de la nouvelle donne géostratégique, linguistique du Rwanda et une politique économique axée sur les nouvelles technologies de l’information où l’anglais reste prédominant.
Abstract
In 2009, Rwanda, former belgian colony and francophone country, switches, in Ouazani’s terms, from Voltaire to Shakespeare, becoming officially and unapologetically affiliated with the Commonwealth, after intensely lobbying the influential members of that club, whose membership is essentially composed of former british colonies. English become the sole language of instruction from elementary school to university, while French joined the rank of other optional second languages taught in both public and private institutions. Although some other countries like Gabon, Burundi and Madagascar, which are apparently tempted by the same affiliation, are interesting cases in point, I will rather focus on this singular and unprecedented shift operated by Rwanda. By pointing out some aspects of the belgian colonial enterprise, particularly its instruction rationale and strategies, I will attempt to argue that the actual decline of French - its loss of the status of official language and, perhaps, its pure and simple disappearance in Rwanda one day- was programmed in advance, written not only in the very genes of its colonial inception a century ago, but also in the nationalistic context of traditional Rwanda with its prevailing and self-sufficent monolingualism. I shall also point out that even though the rebirth of French language is not impossible, the path remains mined by daunting obstacles, related to the new geostrategic and linguistic road Rwanda has taken, as well as the actual government’ economic plan, centered on information technologies in which English is predominant.
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Gallichan, Gilles. "L’incendie de la Bibliothèque du Parlement en 1849." Documentation et bibliothèques 36, no. 2 (January 28, 2015): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1028207ar.
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Le 25 avril 1849, des émeutiers incendièrent le parlement du Canada-Uni et détruisirent la bibliothèque et les archives législatives. Cet article retrace l’histoire de cette institution et résume les circonstances qui ont entouré sa disparition tragique. La perte de la Bibliothèque du Parlement a été une dure épreuve pour la vie culturelle de la colonie canadienne au milieu du XIXe siècle.
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Brassart, Laurent. "Succès agronomique et échec économique." Études rurales 213 (2024): 76–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/127dk.
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La perte progressive des colonies françaises depuis 1792, celle de la maîtrise des mers en 1805 et l’établissement du blocus continental en 1806 ont encouragé l’État napoléonien à définir une ambitieuse politique agronomique d’acclimatation du cotonnier pour soutenir le dynamisme manufacturier textile. Mais ce projet implique de relever de nombreux défis : construction rapide de savoirs agronomiques, création de circuits d’approvisionnement et de distribution semenciers, apprentissage de méthodes culturales. Cet article met en évidence que l’échec économique de cette acclimatation du coton entrepris de 1807 à 1813 ne saurait être confondu avec un échec agronomique.
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Comaroff, Jean, and John L. Comaroff. "Bétail, perles et pièces de monnaie." Anthropologie et Sociétés 34, no. 2 (February 23, 2011): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045704ar.
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Cet essai porte sur les mécanismes qui permettent les échanges équitables entre différents ordres de valeur, dans la production de la société et de l’histoire. Alors que les équivalences entre monnaies, la normalisation et la conversion sont présentes dans la plupart des théories sur l’argent et la marchandisation, leur nature en tant que processus social n’a pas été suffisamment étudiée, surtout dans la construction du caractère universalisant des idéologies et des régimes politiques et économiques modernes. Notre analyse examine la confrontation des différents régimes de valeur à l’occasion de la rencontre entre les Tswana d’Afrique du Sud et les colonisateurs européens, ainsi que les conflits et la médiation complexe auxquels ce processus a donné lieu. Le bétail, les pièces de monnaie et les contrats, qui avaient la possibilité à la fois de renforcer et de nier les différences, ont rapidement été investis de qualités magiques. Mais les peuples colonisés étaient également sensibles à la faculté de ces monnaies de faciliter ou d’empêcher la convertibilité, et connaissaient les formes d’abstraction et d’incorporation qu’ils impliquaient. C’est pourquoi, en Afrique du Sud et ailleurs, ces monnaies ont souvent servi de moyen de contestation de la valeur autour de laquelle les luttes coloniales se sont jouées.
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REPUSSARD, CATHERINE. "MITO E COLá”NIAS NA REPUBLICA DE WEIMAR Tabu, uma história dos mares do Sul de Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau (1931)." Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 13, no. 22 (December 28, 2016): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v13i22.550.
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A desconstrução do pensamento colonial não é apanágio das vozes pós-coloniais contemporá¢neas que concentram suas análises sobre a questão da percepção da alteridade a partir de uma mirada saáda das ”periferias” e dirigida ao ”centro”. No seu último filme Tabu, uma história dos mares do Sul (1931), Friedrich W. Murnau denuncia a destruição das culturas extra-européias, notadamente da cultura polinesiana, sob a influência de um intervencionismo polático, económico e cultural europeu. Mas ele insiste, igualmente, sobre a propensão das ”culturas naturais” (Donna Haraway) engendrarem sua própria destruição. Toda a tentativa de emancipação, ilustrada pelo amor proibido que um jovem pescador de pérolas nutre por uma esplêndida jovem, transgride o interdito e leva a morte. Assim, o filme de Murnau, situado entre o documentário e a ficção expressionista, coloca em cena perfeitamente o rejeito da modernidade ocidental, questionando, ao mesmo tempo, a ideia de retorno á s origens. Este questionamento confere a Tabu uma força particular, especialmente no contexto polático da Alemanha dos anos 30.Palavras-chave: Murnau. Cinema. Polinésia. Modernidade. Tradição.Myth and Colonies in the Weimar Republic Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau”™s Tabu: A Story of the South Seas (1931)Abstract: Contemporary postcolonial scholars, whose approaches focus on the perception of the Other using a counter-gaze from the ”˜peripheries”™ towards the ”˜centre”™, are not alone in having endeavoured to deconstruct colonial thought. In his last film Tabu, eine Geschichte aus der Sá¼dsee (1931), Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau denounced the destruction of non-European cultures (Polynesian in that case) under the influence of the political, economic and cultural European interventionism. He also highlighted the inclination of ”˜culturenatures”™ (Donna Haraway) to generate their own destruction. All attempts at emancipation, including the young pearl diver Matahi”™s forbidden love for the beautiful girl, come up against the immutable taboo dictated by the priest Hitu, who represents Tradition (and murders Matahi), and are doomed to end in death. Halfway between documentary and expressionistic fiction, Tabu is a brilliant depiction of the rejection of Western modernity and meditation on the idea of a return to the origins ”“ a particularly resonant work, especially given the political context of Germany in the 1930s.Keywords: Murnau. Cinema. Polynesia. Modernity. Tradition. Mythe et colonies dans l”™Allemagne de Weimar Tabou, une histoire des mers du Sud de Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau (1931)Résumée : La déconstruction de la pensée coloniale n”™est pas l”™apanage des voix postcoloniales contemporaines qui concentrent leurs approches sur la question de la perception de l”™altérité á partir d”™un contre-regard issu des ”˜périphéries”™ et dirigées vers ”˜un centre”™. Dans son dernier film Tabu, eine Geschichte aus der Sá¼dsee (1931), Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau dénonce la destruction des cultures extra-européennes, en l”™occurrence de la culture polynésienne, sous l”™influence d”™un interventionnisme politique, économique et culturel européen. Mais il insiste également sur la propension des « culturenatures » (Donna Haraway) á générer leur propre destruction. Toute tentative d”™émancipation, illustrée par l”™amour interdit qu”™un jeune pêcheur de perles Matahi porte á une splendide jeune fille, Réri, brise en effet l”™immuable tabou dicté par le prêtre Hitu, représentant de la Tradition (et assassin de Matahi) et ne peut que mener á la mort. Ainsi, le film de Murnau, se situant entre documentaire et fiction expressionniste, met-il parfaitement en scá¨ne le rejet de la modernité occidentale tout en interrogeant l”™idée de retour aux origines. Ce questionnement confá¨re á Tabu une force particuliá¨re, notamment dans le contexte politique de l”™Allemagne des années 30.Mots clés: Murnau. Cinéma. Polynésie. Modernité. Tradition.
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Chamelot, Fabienne. "Secrets d’archives coloniales ou gouvernement en perte de contrôle ? Retour sur l’IGI 1300." Critique d’art, no. 58 (June 1, 2022): 136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/critiquedart.91854.
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Douzou, Catherine, and Valeria Sperti. "Mémoires coloniales au féminin. Écritures, entre fractures culturelles et devenirs de la perte." Oltreoceano, no. 20 (June 25, 2022): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/oltreoceano.307.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Pertes de colonies"
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Sibaja, leyton Malena. "Impacts climatiques, paysagers et de gestion sur les pertes de colonies d'abeilles mellifères et abeilles sans dard en Amérique Latine et en Afrique subsaharienne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB057.
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Depuis plusieurs décennies, les apiculteurs subissent des pertes importantes de colonies d'abeilles mellifères (Apis mellifera L) à l'échelle mondiale, mais il existe des lacunes de connaissances dans les pays en développement. Dans le contexte des changements globaux, comprendre les facteurs à l'origine de ces potentielles pertes est essentiel pour adapter les pratiques apicoles et assurer la durabilité de cette activité. Les abeilles sans dard (tribu Meliponini) sont également élevées pour la production de miel (méliponiculture) dans les tropiques. À ce jour, il n'est pas établi si les méliponiculteurs rencontrent des difficultés similaires pour maintenir leurs colonies, et les facteurs influençant les pertes de colonies restent encore méconnus. Cette thèse vise à étudier la variabilité des pertes de colonies d'abeilles gérées (abeille mellifère et abeilles sans dard) en fonction de gradients climatiques et paysagers, ainsi que des pratiques de gestion apicoles et méliponicoles. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené des enquêtes participatives auprès des apiculteurs et des méliponiculteurs en Amérique Latine et en Afrique sub-Saharienne afin de suivre les pertes de colonies d'abeilles gérées. Nous avons estimé des taux des pertes annuelles et saisonnières importants (d'environ 30 %), relevant des difficultés rencontrées par ces derniers pour maintenir leurs colonies. Nous avons observé des effets climatiques sur ces pertes, avec notamment une augmentation des pertes de colonies d'abeilles mellifères avec la température sur les deux régions. Nous avons également observé que les pertes de colonies d'abeilles sans dard diminuent avec la température en Amérique Latine, et augmentent avec la température en Afrique sub-Saharienne (Kenya). Par ailleurs, nous avons observé un effet paysager, avec une diminution des pertes de colonies d'abeille sans dard avec l'abondance du couvert forestier environnant des ruchers en Amérique Latine. Enfin, nous avons observé des effets d'interaction entre le climat et la gestion apicole sur les pertes de colonies d'abeilles mellifères sur les deux régions. La gestion apicole peut représenter un levier pour diminuer les pertes causées par des pressions climatiques, mais les recommandations de gestion doivent prendre en compte le climat. Par exemple, en Afrique sub-Saharienne (Kenya), la supplémentation en eau pendant la période chaude et sèche limite les pertes de colonies d'abeilles mellifères. Nos résultats contribuent à combler les lacunes de connaissances sur les taux de pertes des colonies d'abeilles gérées dans les pays en développement, tout en confirmant l'influence des facteurs climatiques et paysagers, facteurs qui risquent de s'amplifier avec les changements climatiques. Ces résultats offrent également des perspectives de recherche pour explorer les mécanismes sous-jacents des impacts climatiques et paysagers sur les pertes de coloniesFor several decades, beekeepers worldwide have experienced significant losses of honey bee (Apis mellifera L) colonies, yet there are knowledge gaps in developing countries. In the context of global changes, understanding the factors driving these potential losses is essential for adapting beekeeping practices and ensuring the sustainability of this activity. Stingless bees (tribe Meliponini) are also reared for honey production (meliponiculture) in tropical regions. To date, it is unclear whether meliponiculturists face similar challenges in maintaining their colonies, and the factors influencing colony losses remain poorly understood. This thesis aims to investigate the variability in managed bee colony losses (honey bees and stingless bees) in relation to climatic and landscape gradients, as well as beekeeping and meliponiculture practices. To achieve this, we conducted participatory surveys with beekeepers and meliponiculturists in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa to monitor managed bee colony losses. We estimated significant annual and seasonal loss rates (around 30 %), highlighting the challenges faced by beekeepers and meliponiculturists in maintaining their colonies in these regions. We observed climatic effects on these losses, particularly an increase in honey bee colony losses with temperature in both regions. Additionally, we found that stingless bee colony losses decrease with temperature in Latin America, while they increase with temperature in sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya). Furthermore, we observed a landscape effect, with stingless bee colony losses decreasing as forest cover surrounding meliponaries increased in Latin America. Finally, we detected interactions between climate and beekeeping management practices on honey bee colony losses in both regions. Beekeeping practices may serve as a lever to reduce losses caused by climatic pressures, but management recommendations must consider the climate. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya), providing water supplementation during the hot and dry season reduces honey bee colony losses. Our findings contribute to closing the knowledge gaps on managed bee colony loss rates in developing countries, while confirming the influence of climatic and landscape factors, which are likely to intensify with climate change. These results also provide research perspectives for exploring the underlying mechanisms of climatic and landscape impacts on colony losses
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Leroy, Pascal. "Etude et quantification des pertes de charge dans les colonnes pulsées à garnissage disques-couronnes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL096N.
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Le transfert et la dissipation de l'énergie dans une colonne pulsée sont primordiaux car ils conditionnent la taille des gouttes formées. Cette étude propose et valide un modèle de pertes de charge instantanées dans des colonnes à disques et couronnes pulsées pneumatiquement, pour un écoulement monophasique. Le modèle retenu fait intervenir additivement un terme hydrostatique, un terme inertiel, un terme de frottement et les grandeurs cinématiques instantanées de l'écoulement déterminées par une méthode basée sur des mesures de pression. Cette modélisation nécessite l'identification de trois paramètres : un terme de charge hydrostatique, un facteur d'inertie, un facteur de frottement. Une étude des pertes de charge en régime permanent a permis d'établir que ce dernier ne dépend que de la géométrie de la colonne. Une étude du régime pulsé a permis de valider le modèle en présence et en l'absence d'un débit permanent surimposé. Les valeurs des paramètres du modèle sont utilisées comme outil de caractérisation du comportement du système de pulsation et permettent la mise en évidence d'un jeu a la paroi. Ces valeurs ne dépendent pas des propriétés physicochimiques du fluide véhiculé. Le facteur de frottement ne dépend que de la géométrie de la colonne et est identique à celui obtenu en régime permanent. Le modèle proposé permet de quantifier la puissance moyenne dissipée et certaines grandeurs caractéristiques de la turbulence. Le produit amplitude fréquence apparait comme la grandeur caractéristique de la dissipation de l'énergie. Enfin, des éléments permettant l'extension du modèle à des écoulements pulsés diphasiques sont présentés
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Oliveira, Filho Roque Felipe de. "Crimes e perdões na ordem jurídica colonial, Bahia (1750/1808)." Programa de Pós- Graduação em História da UFBA, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11130.
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CNPq, CAPES
Concebido para ser a mais alta Corte a que se poderia recorrer no Brasil, o Tribunal da Relação da Bahia chegaria à segunda metade do século XVIII como uma das principais forças políticas instituídas em terras brasileiras. Para além das atribuições formais de um tribunal superior de apelação, caberia à Relação da Bahia fazer com que o sistema judicial implantado no Brasil cumprisse uma profusão de leis, alvarás e resoluções, promulgados pela Coroa portuguesa, bem como dirimir os possíveis conflitos advindos da referida legislação com o poder econômico estabelecido em sua área de abrangência. Nesse momento, o Tribunal da Relação assumia a postura de mediador entre os interesses metropolitanos e os das elites envolvidas nessas disputas. Assim, a intenção principal desta tese é discutir o papel do Tribunal da Relação da Bahia como um elemento de mediação entre o poder metropolitano e os poderes locais instituídos no Brasil. Para tanto, estudaremos a Ouvidoria Geral do Crime da Relação da Bahia, entendendo que por esse núcleo judiciário passaram muitos dos conflitos cotidianos da sociedade baiana.
Salvador
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Almeida, António Simões de. "A guerra colonial: balanço sobre custos financeiros, perdas humanas e ganhos de desenvolvimento." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/1605.
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Procurámos nesta dissertação ir para além dos juízos imediatistas que percecionam a
guerra como um mal absoluto que se deve recusar incondicionalmente, sem tomar em conta,
concretamente no caso português, tanto os amplos investimentos que esta justificou – e o ato
colonial em si – como o factoirreversíveldo fim desta, com o abandono dos militares
portugueses das antigas colónias, ter colocado em causa a progressão socioeconómica nestes
países que o investimento da metrópole à época ia promovendo.
Questionamos também a exemplaridade da descolonização salientando que foi
precisamente no ano de 1974, no atribulado período de mudança de regime em Portugal e do
derradeiro processo de descolonização, que “dispararam” os números de mortos em combate
em comparação com os restantes doze anos de guerra. Para além de que, frisamos, não se
pode afirmar que existiu, por parte dos governantes da altura, uma política ordenada e
robusta para a evasão, proteção e acolhimento dos retornados, contrariamente àquilo que
uma certa propaganda quis assegurar.
Depois de analisados os custos financeiros que a guerra colonial acarretou aos cofres
portugueses, partindo, nomeadamente, do cálculo dos gastos com os militares, concluímos,
corroborando outrasanálises, quepodemos atribuir a estes custos um peso de mais de 40% no
orçamento anual da metrópole.
Por fim, deixamos problematizados tópicos relacionados com a guerra e a sua
justificação, sugerindo que as fronteiras entre vencedores e vencidos são sempre mais ténues
e ambíguas do que aquilo que as visões redutoras e acríticas sobre esta fazem crer.Sought in this thesis go beyond the immediacy of the judgments that perceive war as an absolute evil that must refuse unconditionally, without taking into account, in particular in the Portuguese case, both the large investments that it justified - and colonial act itself -and the undeniable fact that the end of this, with the abandonment of the Portuguese soldiers from former colonies, have put in trouble the socio-economic progress in these countries that the investment of the metropolis at the time was promoting. Question also the exemplary of decolonization, stressing that it was precisely in 1974, the troubled period of regime change in Portugal and the final process of decolonization, which "fired" the numbers killed in combat in comparison with the remaining twelve years of war. Apart from that, we stress, we cannot state that existed on the part of the rulers of the time, a policy orderly and robust to evasion, protection and reception of returnees, contrary to what some wanted to ensure advertising. After analyzed the financial costs of the war led to the colonial Portuguese safes, starting in particular the calculation of spending on the military, we corroborate analyzes that tend to allocate these costs to a weight of over 40% in the annual budget of the metropolis. Finally, let problematized topics related to the war and its justification, suggesting that the boundaries between winners and losers are always more tenuous and ambiguous than what visions reducing and uncritical about this make believe.
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Cuny, Caroline. "Le vieillissement bactérien : perte de la capacité à former des colonies en phase stationnaire chez Escherichia coli et morts conditionnées." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10290.
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Afin de déterminer si l'état "viable mais non cultivable" de la bactérie modèle Escherichia coli est une étape transitoire du vieillissement conduisant vers la mort, nous avons adapté une technique de séparation des sous-populations basée sur une ultracentrifugation dans un gradient de Radioselectan. Nous avons démontré que la perte de l'aptitude à former des colonies d'E. Coli était associée à une augmentation du niveau de protéines oxydées faisant suite à une augmentation en protéines anormales ; ceci suggèrerait un dérèglement spécifique de la machinerie cellulaire. J'ai ensuite recherché à identifier les premiers évènements conduisant à l'apparition de bactéries viable mais non cultivables. A 10h d'incubation, 100% des bactéries sont cultivables, pourtant j'ai pu isoler deux sous-populations par ultracentrifugation. La sous-population de densité élevée présente une sensibilité accrue à différents stress (oxydatif, choc thermique) ainsi qu'en phase stationnaire ; ceci suggère l'existence d'un mécanisme qui se met en place graduellement avant la perte de la capacité à former des colonies des bactéries endommagées. Cependant, la perte de la capacité à former des colonies pourrait être le résultat d'un stress qui ferait suite à l'étalement sur boîte de Pétri. Afin d'étudier les conséquences cellulaires de cet étalement sur milieu gélosé solide, j'ai suivi la croissance d'E. Coli prélevée en phase exponentielle. Les divisions cellulaires ne commencent qu'après une phase de latence au cours de laquelle il y a induction de divers régulons (SoxRS, RpoH, OxyR). Ceci confirmerait l'hypothèse d'un stress induit lors de l'étalement qui pourrait conditionner la mort des bactéries endommagées
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Monkam, Kakmeni Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence de la pression sur l'hydrodynamique et le transfert de matière dans les colonnes garnies." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10052.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de recherche a pour but d'étudier l'influence de la pression sur les paramètres hydrodynamiques et de transfert de matière dans les réacteurs colonnes à garnissage arrosé. Les Selle de Berl, garnissage en vrac, le SULZER MELLAPAK, garnissage ordonné et le MULTIKNIT TISSMETAL garnissage semi-ordonné ont été choisis. L'utilisation d'un simulateur physique haute pression fonctionnant dans le domaine 0,1-1,5MPa a montré que les diagrammes de fonctionnement permettant la détermination des débits d'engorgement sont plus étendus lorsque la pression augmente. Les corrélation donnant perte de charge sont du type : [delta]P/[delta]Z=A. Jg2. P-1. 10D. JL. Les débits d'engorgement en fonction de la pression pour les Selles de Berl peuvent être estimées par la corrélation de LOBO et SHERWOOD et celle de ZENZ et ECKERT. La modélisation des colonnes à garnissage sous pression élevées permettant le calcul de l'aire interfaciale et du coefficient de transfert côté liquide KL a été faite après que la distribution des temps de séjour ait montré que les écoulements des phases étaient du type piston avec dispersion axiale. La détermination des aires interfaciales par la méthode chimique d'absorption gaz-liquide suivie de réaction chimique avec le système dioxyde de carbone-solution aqueuse de soude a montré qu'à vitesses superficielles de liquide et de gaz constantes, l'augmentation de la pression entraîne une augmentation de l'aire interfaciale. L'absorption physique du dioxyde de carbone par l'eau de ville a montré que le coefficient de transfert KL côté liquide reste contant quand la pression augmente.
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Igarasi, Mauricio Scoton. "Controle de perdas na ensilagem de capim Tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia) sob os efeitos do teor de matéria seca, do tamanho de partícula, da estação do ano e da presença do inoculante bacteriano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-12082002-151258/.
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O objetivo do presente projeto de pesquisa foi a caracterização do processo de ensilagem de capim Tanzânia (Panicum maximum, Jacq.), avaliando a eficiência de colheita da forragem, as perdas durante o processo fermentativo, e o valor nutritivo da silagem. Para a colheita e captação da forragem foi utilizada uma colhedora de forragem comercial, efetuando cortes no inverno e no verão, em uma área destinada a produção de silagem. Para cada corte foram estabelecidos 12 tratamentos com 4 repetições, sendo analisados os efeitos da alteração do teor de matéria seca (forragem na umidade original, pré-emurchecida e a adição de polpa cítrica), do tamanho de partículas (2 níveis), e da aplicação ou não de aditivo bacteriano (1 milhão UFC viáveis/g de forragem ensilada). Nas amostras do material ensilado (forragem) e da silagem (após 120 dias do fechamento dos silos experimentais), foram analisadas o tamanho de partícula, atividade de água, condutividade elétrica,MS, EE, PB, MM, N-NH3, FDA, FDN, N-FDN, N-FDA, Lignina, nitrogênio amoniacal, pH e poder tampão. Também foram avaliadas as perdas de matéria seca na forma de gases, a produção de efluente, recuperação de matéria seca, além da determinação da estabilidade aeróbia da silagem. A análise estatística caracteriza-se em arranjo em parcelas subdivididas (split-plot), sendo que as principais causas de variação foram atribuídas à parcela (alteração do teor de matéria seca, tamanho de partícula, e inoculante bacteriano), e a estação do ano (inverno ou verão), foi atribuída na sub-parcela. A adição de polpa cítrica melhorou as características fermentativas (pH, nitrogênio amoniacal); diminuiu as perdas no processo fermentativo (efluente e gases), aumentou a recuperação de matéria seca, entretanto piorou a estabilidade aeróbica da silagem; aumentou o teor e a taxa de recuperação do NDT, contudo elevou o custo relativo do NDT. O pré emurchecimento elevou as perdas na colheita, entretanto diminuiu as perdas na fermentação (gases, efluente e recuperação de matéria seca) e a estabilidade aeróbica da silagem; diminuiu também o teor de nitrogênio amoniacal, mas não alterou o pH; e apresentou os menores índices de recuperação de NDT. A redução no tamanho da partícula promoveu o aumento na densidade da silagem, entretanto não refletiu na produção de efluente e gases, porém houve a redução na recuperação de matéria seca; melhorou a estabilidade aeróbica da silagem; diminuiu o pH, entretanto elevou o teor de nitrogênio amoniacal; não ocasionou efeito no teor, na taxa de recuperação e no custo relativo do NDT. A adição do inoculante bacteriano não refletiu em alterações nos parâmetros fermentativos (pH e nitrogênio amoniacal), na produção de efluentes e na recuperação de matéria seca, porém promoveu a redução na produção de gases; contudo, houve a elevação no custo relativo do NDT. No corte de verão, a melhoria no processo de ensilagem pode ser alcançado através da elevação do teor de matéria seca. A maior eficiência de recolhimento de forragem pré-emurchecida e a redução no tamanho de partícula, constitui-se em áreas promissoras para o desenvolvimento da indústria de equipamentos de colheita para ensilagem de forragens.The present trial aimed to evaluate the ensiling process of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum, Jacq. cv. Tanzania), focusing on efficiency of forage chopping and harvesting, fermentation losses and nutritive value. A pull-type forage chopper was used for harvesting the winter and the following summer cuts in a commercial grass field. In both cuts (sub-plot), twelve treatments, with four replicates each, were assigned to a split plot experimental design, where main (plot) effects were combined into three factors: dry matter level (green chopped, wilted and pelleted citrus pulp -PCP added); particle size (small and large) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB, 1 million CFU. g -1 forage) inoculant, (w or w/o). Forage recovery was measured in the field by using 1x1 m quadrats. Silage fermentation losses were evaluated in 20L plastic buckets provided with Bunsen type valve and effluent absorbent substrate. Forage and silage samples were sieved in a Penn State Forage Separator for particle size measurements and analyzed for water activity (Aw), electrical conductivity (EC), DM, CP, NDF, ADF,EE, ash, N-NH3,, ADIN, NDIN, pH and buffering capacity (BC). After the silos were unloaded, dry matter losses, recovery and aerobic stability were measured. The addition of PCP enhanced the fermentation parameters (lower pH, N-NH3, effluent and gases yield), dry matter and TDN recovery rates and the observed aerobic stability was offset by the improved fermentation profile. Wilting also improved fermentation parameters and aerobic stability, with no changes in silage pH, however, led to a poor TDN recovery rate as a result of increased chopping and harvesting losses. Smaller silage particle size determined increases in fresh and dry matter bulk densities, and lower pH levels, which were associated with better aerobic stability. Gases and effluent yields as well TDN recovery rate and cost, remained unchanged with particle size reduction even tough, higher N-NH3 levels and decreased dry matter recovery rates were observed. LAB inoculant resulted in higher forage TDN cost, mainly due to unchanged silage fermentation profile, except for lowered gases yield. In the summer cut, an improved Ta nzania grass ensiling process might be achieved either by lowering forage moisture content and/or reducing particle size. The machinery industry should play a major role in accomplishing the upgraded needs in forage choppers market.
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Lemes, Lucio. "A perspectiva das pedras : fenomenologia e percep??o no s?tio arqueol?gico Santa Clara." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8375.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
This paper is the outcome of a phenomenological view on archeology, based on the perceptive commitment and in the try to enlighten the separation created between subject and object, under the influence of the Cartesian paradigm which induced all scientific knowledge to a mechanistic view of the world and to the hegemony of academic rationalism. Therefore, we seek in phenomenology the understanding of the essences in existence (return to the same things) and we seek the definition of human experiences. We can say that the phenomenological method seeks to get in touch with the facts and perceive them in themselves and decipher them in a way that gives meaning to things. Therewith, we review the occupational models created for the prehistory of Quara? and the region of the western border of Rio Grande do Sul, believing that the groups that lived there remained, from the beginning, commitment in your environment, as an person-organ who forms with the world a network system, and this inhabited by material objects, human and non-human and that related to each other.
Este trabalho ? fruto de uma vis?o fenomenol?gica em Arqueologia, fundamentada no engajamento perceptivo e na tentativa de esclarecer a separa??o criada entre sujeito e objeto, sob influ?ncia do paradigma cartesiano, que induziu todo o saber cientifico a uma vis?o mecanicista do mundo e ? hegemonia do racionalismo acad?mico. Para tanto, buscamos na fenomenologia o entendimento das ess?ncias na exist?ncia (retorno ?s coisas mesmas) e buscamos a defini??o das viv?ncias humanas. Podemos dizer que o m?todo fenomenol?gico busca entrar em contato com os fatos e perceb?-los em si mesmos e decifr?-los de maneira que d? sentido ?s coisas. Com isso, realizamos uma revis?o para os modelos ocupacionais criados para a pr?-hist?ria de Quara? e a regi?o da fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul demonstrando que os grupos que ali habitaram permaneciam, desde o princ?pio ent?o, engajado em seu meio ambiente, como um organismo-pessoa que forma com o mundo um sistema de rede, este habitado por objetos materiais, humanos e n?o humanos, e que se relacionavam uns com os outros.
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Carvalhido, Sérgio Domingos de Araújo. "Militarismos, “Parapolíticos” e Perfis Populares: Na Génese e (Des)consolidação do 3.º Império Colonial Português." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/244.
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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau Mestre em Relações Internacionais.Militarismos,“Parapolíticos” e Perfis Populares na Génese e (Des)consolidação do 3.º Império Colonial Português, representa um esforço de reflexão sobre as razões que levaram Portugal a insistir em construir em África um Império, mesmo quando a razão parecia sugerir o contrário. Tudo parece apontar para uma resistência mais comprometedora do que racional, algo semelhante à motivação que encontrámos naquele herdeiro, que depois de perder quase tudo, como que se esquecendo de investir em si próprio, se decide desbravar os silvados que julga possuir algures, pensando que assim recuperará o rendimento das terras férteis. Contudo, no caso do povo português, verifica-se a particularidade dessa dterminação não ser genuína, mas ditada por Salazar. É este o fundamento para, centrados na experiência de treze anos de guerra colonial - e sabe-se que a guerra exige, em simultâneo, força de convicções e profissionalismo -, termos procurado discernir sobre as causas, o empenho e as aspirações do povo português, por contraponto à experiência dos povos colonizados da África Portuguesa. Não se pode dizer que, tanto quanto foi possível apurar, Portugal em face do entusiasmo com que se envolveu na guerra tenha sido um exemplo de obstinação, em todo o caso, parece justo considerar-se que o cepticismo geral perante a guerra favoreceu o natural curso do conflito, com a profunda vantagem de obviar a mais graves e danosas perdas para o país do que aquelas que só de uma forma muito optimista se poderia de esperar. Talvez tenha sido essa lucidez que induz cada um dos homens a preferir a paz à exploração das riquezas do seu vizinho: a essência mais pura da liberdade e da maturidade das relações entre dois povos. Abstract Militarisms, “Parapolitics” and Popular Profiles in the Genesis and (De)consolidation of the 3rd Portuguese Colonial Empire, attempts to reflect upon the reasons that led Portugal to insist on building an Empire in Africa, even though reason recommended the opposite. All seems to point out to a compromising, rather than rational, resistance, similar to that urge that one finds in the heir that, after loosing all his possessions, forgets to invest in himself and decides to grub up the woodland that he believes to posses somewhere, so as to recover profitable incomes from his fertile land. However, in the case of the Portuguese people, this resolve was not authentic but rather imposed by Salazar. This is the reason why, focussing on the thirteen years of colonial war – and one knows that war demands for convictions and professionalism – we endeavour on the search for the causes, the commitment and the aspirations of the Portuguese people, in contrast to the experience of the colonised peoples of Portuguese Africa. As far as one can determine, when considering the enthusiasm with which Portugal became involved in the war, one cannot say that it represents an example of perseverance. Nonetheless, it seems fair to consider that the general scepticism regarding the war favoured the natural course of the conflict, with the significant advantage of preventing even more serious and harmful losses to the country, when comparing the losses that only the most optimistic could expect. Perhaps this is the lucidity that induces each man to prefer peace to the exploitation of the wealth of one’s neighbour: the most pure essence of freedom and of maturity in the relationship between two peoples.
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Calabresi, Marcos Felipe de Freitas. "Evolução dos perfis elétricos e mecânicos da motilidade colônica em modelo animal de doença inflamatória intestinal." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148925.
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Orientador: José Ricardo de Arruda MirandaResumo: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic gastrintestinal tract disease that affects a large part of the world population and has its symptoms related to changes in colon motility. However, the evolution of these changes is not completely understood, and may be related to symptoms that appear in stages when the disease is apparently controlled. The objective of this work was to perform a long-term evaluation of the mechanical and electrical aspects of colonic contractility during the model of inflammation induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats. This work applied an efficient and low invasive methodology associating mechanical, electrical, chemical and histological information. The contractility and inflammatory parameters were acquired in the same animal at six different times: before induction of TNBS (control) and at 2, 5, 8, 11 and 14 days thereafter. The mechanical activities were acquired by Alternating Current Biosusceptometry (ACB) and subdivided in Rhythmic Propagation Ripples (RPR) and Rhythmic Propulsive Motor Complex (RPMC). We recorded the electrical activity by electromyography (EMG) and evaluated the inflammation processes determining the myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) in the feces. Additionally, we compared the thickness of colon layers throughout the inflammation by histopathological analyzes. Our results showed transient changes in MPO activity levels and frequency of RPMC contraction, while RPR and electrical activity underwent perma... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Books on the topic "Pertes de colonies"
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Banville, John. The sea. London: Picador, 2005.
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Banville, John. The sea. New York: Vintage Books, 2006.
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Banville, John. Biten. Hà Nuoi: NXB Văn học, 2007.
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Banville, John. The sea. New York: Knopf, 2006.
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Banville, John. The sea. Leicester [England]: Howes, 2005.
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Banville, John. The sea. London: Picador, 2005.
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Banville, John. The sea. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2006.
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ill, Tibbles Jean-Paul, ed. The silent stranger: A Kaya mystery. Middleton, WI: Pleasant Co. Publications, 2005.
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African Voices from the Inquisition, Vol. 1: The Trial of Crispina Peres of Cacheu, Guinea-Bissau. Oxford University Press, 2021.
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Rice, Mark. Making Machu Picchu. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643533.001.0001.
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This book examines the transformation of Machu Picchu from an obscure archaeological site into a global tourist destination and national symbol of Peru. This book illustrates how, from the very start, tourism played a central role in the modern rise of Machu Picchu. The leaders of Cusco, where Machu Picchu is located, employed tourism to argue for the importance of their region at a time when Peru’s national leaders believed that the Andean interior offered little cultural and economic opportunities. Over time, Cusco increasingly looked to tourism as a source of needed development at a time of economic crisis in Peru’s southern Andes. While Cusco was successful in making Machu Picchu into a tourist destination, this created new conflicts over control over the region’s culture and economy. In summary, this book highlights how the transnational links and actors associated with tourism allowed local leaders in Cusco and Peru’s southern Andes to create their region’s touristic narrative and economy. Often locals employed the transnational connections of the tourism economy to bypass or influence the policies of the Peruvian national state. Over time, these efforts shifted the Peruvian state to embrace Machu Picchu and Cusco’s Andean culture as national symbols. The book contributes to larger debates about nationalism in Latin America by pointing to the influence of tourism in the elevation of Machu Picchu as a national symbol of Peru. It argues that in post-colonial nations like Peru, transnational forces like tourism can play influential roles in the creation of national identity.
Book chapters on the topic "Pertes de colonies"
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Vemuri, Ayesha, and Hannah Tollefson. "Respiration." In Solarities, 71–84. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0404.1.06.
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This chapter thinks with respiration as an elemental process of chemical exchange engendered by solarity in forest ecosystems. While photosynthesis converts sunlight into usable energy through carbon capture, respiration is the process of release and decay that makes these ecosystems sites of symbiosis. Attuned to solarity, we follow stories of how such energy conditions and moves through various forms of life and death in our heliocentric universe. Learning from the unstable and mutually beneficial relationships that characterize actually existing forests, we scrutinize the chemical, social, and analogical meanings of solar-inflected respiration. As key mediators of sunlight and carbon, trees are often valued for the services they provide as so-called “planetary lungs” and carbon sinks in times of climate crisis. Interrogating the promises and perils of such utilitarian conceptualizations of the natural world, we consider the ways in which these co-called lungs are unevenly valued and cared for. With compromised conditions of livability across more-than-human social worlds shaped by colonial capitalism and ongoing histories of imperialism, we look to the ways that Indigenous, Black and other marginalized knowledge keepers engage with the notion of respiration in seeking a more just distribution of planetary breathability.
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Candat, Victoria. "L’infanterie coloniale et les forces publiques dans l’occupation territoriale et le maintien de l’ordre." In Commandement colonial, résistances et décolonisation : une histoire de l’Afrique contemporaine, 52–69. Éditions de l'Université de Sherbrooke, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17118/11143/19143.
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L’émergence des systèmes policiers dans les colonies correspond avant tout à une obsession de contrôle dictée par la peur : peur des autorités coloniales de perdre la face dans leurs colonies, peur de ne pas réussir à faire face."" En effet, la période de colonisation en Afrique évoque ce sentiment chez tous les colonisateurs. Évidemment, la perte de domination sur les ""races"" inférieures causerait la déchéance des Européens. Certes, la réalité est qu’ils n’ont jamais véritablement perdu la face outre qu’au moment de la décolonisation. La France, métropole de l’AOF et de l’AEF2, tente même d’accorder plus d’autonomie aux colonisés avec l’Union française en 1946. Néanmoins, une chose est certaine, l’obsession de cette peur que Romain Tiquet mentionne s’exprime à travers le maintien de l’ordre et la présence constante des forces de l’ordre sur les espaces coloniaux. La "mise en valeur" de territoire passe par ce constat, les autorités doivent s’imposer pour prendre le dessus et dominer les colonisés.
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Demaille, Julien. "Entre perte d’autonomie, acculturation et intégration:." In Colonial Geopolitics and Local Cultures in the Hellenistic and Roman East (3rd century BC – 3rd century AD), 137–47. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv27950bq.16.
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Warner, Tobias. "Para-literary Authorship: Colonial Education and the Uses of Literature." In The Tongue-Tied Imagination, 51–95. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823284634.003.0003.
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Colonial classrooms in French West Africa introduced literary studies to negotiate the perils of teaching colonized students to express themselves in their “own words.” Elite colonial schools became hotbeds of what can be called para-literary modes of authorship: students were obliged to draw on literary models, but could not appear to be writing literature. The central example is an archive of some eight hundred auto-ethnographies produced by elite West African students at the William Ponty School from 1933 to 1950. In order to graduate, students wrote ethnographies of their communities over their summer vacation. While students were urged to avoid “false literary descriptions,” in practice they were encouraged to mine literary techniques to produce accounts of their break with tradition and socialization as modern subjects. This chapter explores the impact of para-literary writing on literary production in French and vernacular languages and reflects on the terms in which literary history is imaginable.
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Westfahl, Gary. "The Conquest of Space." In Arthur C. Clarke, 43–72. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041938.003.0005.
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This chapter describes how Clarke’s science fiction consistently advocates, and vividly depicts, humanity’s future achievements in space. Without providing a consistent “Future History,” his stories collectively argue that humans will gradually colonize space stations, the moon, Mars, and other planets and moons, though humans may never advance beyond the solar system. Clarke unusually acknowledges the need for computers in space, and instead of featuring pioneering expeditions, he usually focuses on the everyday lives of space colonists, emphasizing both the perils of space life and its potential benefits, such as greater longevity. Living aliens are rarely encountered, though evidence of ancient aliens may be detected. Clarke’s major novel about human space travel, Imperial Earth (1975), explores life on Titan by chronicling a resident’s visit to Earth.
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Vélez Aguilar, Daniela. "El Pabellón Mexicano de Minas: un detonador del progreso en Santa María la Ribera." In La arquitectura en situación de crisis sociales: los 30 años recientes desde el horizonte de la historia, la crítica y la teoría, 219–42. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Unidad Azcapotzalco. División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uama.2901.9401.
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Santa María la Ribera es una colonia que refleja, a través de su arquitectura, el desarrollo económico e intercambio cultural entre México y otras naciones durante la presidencia de Porfirio Díaz. El diseño del Pabellón Mexicano de Minería, conocido en la colonia como Kiosco Morisco, trajo consigo el uso de nuevos materiales y tecnología de construcción que respondieron a nuevas formas y usos de los espacios en la arquitectura de sus edificios. En 1972, el edificio fue declarado Monumento Artístico por el Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, y en el año 2000 se agregó a la lista de sitios de interés de la colonia Santa María la Ribera, en el Plan de Desarrollo Parcial de las colonias Atlampa, Santa María la Ribera y Santa María Insurgentes. Es a través de una serie de valores: artístico, histórico, cultural, tecnológico, que un inmueble obtiene las características de monumento y es merecedor de conservar para la memoria colectiva. Es fundamental comprender el valor del patrimonio construido en la colonia Santa María la Ribera, desde la llegada del Pabellón Mexicano de Minas hasta los cambios que se han generado en consecuencia del tiempo, usos y costumbres de quienes la habitan. Con el fin de proteger el patrimonio en la colonia, es posible estudiar los edificios en conjunto y no como elementos separados, ya que se encuentran relacionados entre sí por compartir historia, materiales, tecnología y ubicación. Es importante comprender que al conservar sólo los inmuebles de carácter público y perder de vista la conservación de los inmuebles privados, devendría en detrimento del entorno y contexto histórico y artístico.
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Kammen, Michael. "Politics and The Perils of Instability." In Colonial New York, 100–127. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195107791.003.0005.
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Abstract Between 1665 and 1682 a penumbra of protest had spread gradually over New York, merely darkening in some areas, menacing in others. The sources of protest varied from one time, place, and issue to another; but the common denominators, the heaviest portion of that penumbra, were plain enough: lack of a provincial assembly and the accompanying sense of arbitrary government; an omnipresence of economic monopolies and privileges for special interests; resentment of taxation and the collection of customs duties. In consequence, a series of serious shifts began to occur in 1683: changes in the colony’s constitutional arrangements, in its economic circumstances, and in its relationship to the world without—the French and Indians, neighboring colonies, and government at “home.” These changes and attendant frustrations only served to deepen the voices of discontent between 1683 and 1688 and foretold the fiercest perils of instability for the period 1689-91. Just as protracted rainstorms precede a hurricane, so the politics of unrest preceded rebellion. Skies darkened, spirits were dampened, and inhabitants expected the worst. Their very fears, it turned out, hurried the whirlwind along and made it all the more tumultuous.
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West, Elliott. "Big Hole." In The Last Indian War, 186–200. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195136753.003.0011.
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Abstract Much of the press would celebrate the battle of the Big Hole as a shin- ing triumph of the army and a crushing defeat of the Nez Perces. In this, “one of the most desperate Indian fights on record,” the San Francisco Chronicle sang, Gibbon’s force (“only a handful of men”) struck “a fierce and telling blow” against the Nez Perces, “such a blow as they never before had received.” Official reports heaped praise on Gibbon and his men; Sherman wrote that if the colonel had only had another hun- dred troops, “the Nez Perce war would have ended right there.” Five years after the fight, Gibbon himself would write an epic poem saluting the troops who had stormed the village: “The stream now running red with human gore / Is passed in triumph, and the teepees gained, / Whilst shouts of victory, louder than before, / Give promise that the victory’s more than feigned.” A year later, the battle’s first historian called it “one of the most brilliant, heroic, and desperate pieces of work known in the annals of Indian warfare,” “a glorious achievement” on a par with “the charge of Balaklava or the battle of Bunker’s Hill.”
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"White Peril." In Primitive Normativity, 92–116. Duke University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478027621-005.
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Chapter 4 examines cases of alleged interracial rape in the interwar period. In the 1920s, an official government commission was appointed to investigate the problem of “Black Peril,” a term used across colonial spaces to refer to sexual assaults allegedly committed by Black or brown men on white women and children. The commission was prompted by several well-publicized cases where adult male African domestic servants were accused of assaulting white or Indian children. Scholars have long shown how such scares were used as a tool of white supremacy and have stressed that actual incidences of rape were not correlated to the outbreak of “Black Perils.” However, the Kenyan committee came to a surprising conclusion: not only was “Black Peril” deemed a rare occurrence in the colony, but in those cases where it had occurred, the commission thought white mothers were to blame. Both settlers and colonials advanced a narrative that I term “White Peril,” which accused white women of teaching African men to desire deviant sexual acts by behaving with excessive familiarity toward their domestic servants. The chapter outlines the narrative of White Peril, showing how it proved useful for both controlling the behavior of white women and diffusing anxieties about the daily cross-racial and cross-gendered intimacies of the settler home.
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Rao, Rahul. "The Nation and Its Queers." In Out of Time, 174–212. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865511.003.0006.
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In 2014, the Supreme Court of India endorsed the demand of trans petitioners for recognition as a ‘backward’ class, entitling them to constitutional guarantees of affirmative action. The equation of transness with backwardness seems to reiterate the ascription of primitiveness to the queer in the colonial archive. In Indian politics, backwardness has different connotations arising out of the struggles of subordinate caste groups. This chapter explores the perils and potentials of the trans claim to backwardness, asking what an appeal to Dalit leader Ambedkar’s politics of futurity means for trans politics. On a parallel register, the chapter explores the relationship between gender identity and backwardness in the imagination of the nation itself, demonstrating how an elite drive for great power status is articulated through the idiom of gender transition. Finally, the chapter reflects on the potentials of gender trouble on both the right and left of the Indian ideological spectrum.
Conference papers on the topic "Pertes de colonies"
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Silva, Kellen Cristina. "Entre o manto crioulo e a beirada, a iconografia da inocência: estudo iconográfico da pintura de forro da Igreja de Nossa Senhora das Mercês dos Pretos Crioulos, Tiradentes, Minas Gerais." In Encontro da História da Arte. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/eha.9.2013.4439.
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Os anjos sempre foram um elemento comum e muito bem trabalhado pelos pintores coloniais, inclusive na América hispânica. A representação desses seres alados tem seus escritos mais remotos, no Cristianismo, nas passagens do Antigo Testamento. O “Anjo de Javé” é descrito apenas como a personificação passageira da vontade divina da revelação. Na Bíblia, os anjos possuem grande importância, tendo seus nomes ligados às funções que ocupavam dentro da hierarquia celestial. Cabe ressaltar que essa diferenciação hierárquica dos anjos se deu após a diáspora judaica, onde, provavelmente, foram influenciados pela cultura oriental (Persas, Assírios, Babilônicos), se formou uma doutrina formal dos “exércitos celestes” e de uma corte em torno do Deus único.
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Sobreira, Leticia Souza. "Elites e fronteiras na Amazônia Colonial: perfis e trajetórias dos comandantes da Fortaleza do Rio Negro (1690-1798)." In XXXII Congresso de Iniciação Científica. Manaus, Amazonas: Even3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/xxxii-congresso-de-iniciacao-cientifica-380957.770182.
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