Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Perte en terre'
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Bouret, Jean-Claude. "Formation des raies dans les vents des étoiles Ae/Be de Herbig." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00723782.
Full textFernandez, M. M. Jocelyne. "La peste dans les terres catalanes du nord au XIVème siècle." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11112.
Full textSong, Layheang. "Usage des terres, ruissellement de surface, érosion des sols : analyse multi-échelles de l'impact des plantations de teck dans un agro-écosystème montagneux tropical humide." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30188.
Full textSoil erosion is yet known as one of the most concerning problems of the environment in the world. Soil erosion is particularly and increasingly driven by anthropogenic activities under the changing climate. In Lao PDR, a tropical country, soil erosion is significantly due to inappropriate land management on the sloping land. The Houay Pano, a cultivated catchment of the northern Lao PDR, is prone to soil erosion, particularly after the conversion from shifting cultivation to teak tree plantation. Land mismanagement by clearing the understory under the teak tree plantation is considered as an underlying cause of higher runoff coefficient (Rc) and soil erosion. Some mitigations such as understory and riparian vegetation are suggested for alleviating soil erosion. However, the mitigation measure of soil erosion and the effect of land use management on surface runoff (SR) and soil loss/sediment yield (Sl) on multiple scales in the teak tree plantation are not fully assessed. In this context, we hypothesize that understory and riparian grass mitigate the soil erosion in the teak tree plantation and that teak tree plantation impacts on SR and Sl driven by dominant processes (inter rill erosion, linear erosion, and deposition) on various spatial scales. Therefore, the objectives set out for this work are: (1) to assess the effect of understory management on SR and Sl in the teak tree plantation on the microplot scale; (2) to assess the ability of riparian grass buffers to mitigate SR and Sl, and to assess their water and sediment trapping efficiencies in the teak tree plantations with no understory on the hillslope scale; and (3) to assess the effect of teak tree plantation on SR and Sl on various spatial scales (microplot, hillslope including micro-catchment, and catchment scales) in a mixed land uses mountainous tropical catchment. In this study, Ban Kokngew village and Houay Pano catchment were selected as experimental study areas during the rainy season. Microplots, Gerlach traps, and weirs were used to estimate SR and Sl on each scale. We followed the TEST model developed for inter rill erosion, which requires a few parameters, to assess Sl on the microplot and upscale it to predict Sl on the hillslope and catchment scale. In a study performed in 2017 in the teak tree plantations of Ban Kokngew on the microplot scale, we showed that Rc and Sl (23%, 381 Mg·km-2, respectively) under teak tree with understory were less than those under teak tree with no understory (60% and 5455 Mg·km-2, respectively). Hence, soil erosion mitigation by keeping the understory under teak tree plantation reduces Sl by 14 times. In a study performed in 2014 in the teak tree plantations of Houay Pano on both the microplot and the hillslope scales, we showed that leaving the riparian grass buffer of at least 6 m could limit SR and Sl discharging downstream during small storms (24-hour rainfall < 54.8 mm) with the trapping efficiency up to 88%. Lastly, in a study performed in 2014 in the teak tree plantations of Houay Pano on various scales, we showed that SR and Sl were significantly higher (p-value < 0.05) in the teak-dominated micro-catchment than in the mixed-land-use micro-catchment. SR and Sl decreased from the microplot (122 - 196 mm, 275 - 1065 Mg·km-2, respectively) to the micro-catchment (24 - 188 mm, 95 - 3635 Mg·km-2, respectively) and catchment scale (33 mm, 236 Mg·km-2, respectively), except that Sl in teak tree plantation increased from the microplot (1065 Mg·km-2) to the micro-catchment scale (3635 Mg·km-2). [...]
Rakotonjanahary, Ndrianjaka Josué. "Suivi à long terme des enfants traités pour gliome des voies optiques par chimiothérapie première BB-SFOP : survie à long terme - perte de la vision - outil d'interprétation des données IRMs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ116.
Full textOptic Pathway Gliomas (OPG) are benign tumors that typically develop during early childhood. The management of patients varied throughout the last decades and was characterized by an emphasis on avoiding the use of radiotherapy. The role of chemotherapy in the management of OPG has increased. MRI is one of the fundamental elements of the management of these children. However, the tumor measurements are subject to inter and/or intraobserver variations. In an attempt to better understand the long-term outcomes of children treated with initial chemotherapy, long-term outcomes of OPG treated in France with up-front BB-SFOP chemotherapy were evaluated. A standardized and reproducible imaging classification for MRI that can be used as a reliable monitoring tool for patients with OPG was created and validated. The long-term outcomes of these patients showed a poorer prognosis for overall survival. Some clinical and radiological factors were associated with long-term vision loss. These findings could justify a risk-based approach to this tumor
Robert, Elodie. "Les risques de pertes en terre et en eau dans le bassin versant de la Doubégué (Burkina Faso) : pour une version intégrée." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01090397.
Full textThe Doubégué catchment area (500 km2) belongs to the Bagré Lake catchment, wich is the main dam in Burkina-Faso. The agro-pastoral activies dominate in the region, which experienced profound modifications during the last thirty years : ranking from the physical sphere (climate change) to the human prevailing one (new populations, new activities, building of a dam, and a creation of a lake, exacerbation of the conflicts, agrarian and decentralization reforms). These changes had thus important repercussions on the physical and human environment, to the point that they modified the landscape of this region in Burkina Faso. This thesis attempts then to understand the processes which have been and are still currently running in this catchment area in the region Central-East, by leaning on relevant studies from both “hard” and social sciences. So, it draws up an inventory of the land use, the types of current erosion phenomena and of turbides presence in Doubégué catchment area. The turbidity is also an indicator of the risk for their health encountered by the populations. Meanwhile, this thesis has for objective to take into account and to know on one hand how the populations are aware of the current processes modifying the resources such as vegetation, lands and water, and on the other hand the solutions applied and wished by the population. Eventually, this thesis aims at the implementation of solution to reach an integrated Management in the Doubégué catchment area. These solutions have to be sustainable to protect the environmental and to help also the socioeconomic development of this region in the Bissa Country
Najar, Adel, and Lazhar Haji. "AMPLIFICATION OPTIQUE DANS DES GUIDES D'ONDE ENSILICIUM POREUX DOPÉS AUX TERRES RARES." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00359643.
Full textchapitre décrit le silicium poreux et sa réalisation, les différents paramètres de formation,
ses propriétés structurales. Les propriétés de luminescence des ces ions (Erbium et Ytterbium)
sont exposées par la suite. Enfin, un état de l'art est détaillé sur les amplificateurs optiques dopés
Erbium déjà réalisés à partir de silicium poreux ainsi qu'à partir d'autres matériaux.
Le deuxième chapitre présente les conditions expérimentales d'élaboration des guides plans et
canaux en silicium poreux et les conditions de dopage et/ou codopage ainsi que les traitements
thermiques. Les méthodes de mesures de l'indice de réfraction, la photoluminescence et la photoluminescence
résolue en temps sont présentées. Les observations en champ proche et les mesures
des pertes ainsi que les mesures de gain optique sont également exposées.
Dans le troisième chapitre, les profils de concentration des ions terres rares pour les guides plans
et canaux sont présentés et discutés. Dans ce chapitre, un accent particulier estmis sur la variation
de l'indice de réfraction en fonction des conditions d'anodisation de dopage et des traitements
thermiques.
Le quatrième chapitre est consacré à l'étude des guides dopés et codopés par photoluminescence
et photoluminescence résolue en temps pour montrer l'activation des ions Erbium ainsi
que la détermination de la durée de vie du niveau métastable 4I13/2. Ces résultats vont nous
permettre d'optimiser la meilleure concentration d'Ytterbium pour le codopage ainsi que d'expliquer
les mécanismes d'excitation des ions Erbium. La concentration des ions Erbium actifs
dans les guides sera déterminée.
Le dernier chapitre décrit les observations en champ proche et les mesures des pertes pour les
guides ainsi réalisés. Le gain on/off dans les guides, définie comme étant le rapport de l'intensité
lumineuse du sortie avec pompage à 980 nm sur la puissance du signal de sortie sans pompage, a
été mesuré et exploité pour les guides codopés avec différentes concentrations d'Ytterbium. Les
variations du gain en fonction de la longueur d'onde sont présentées.
Foucault, Alexandre. "Modélisation du comportement cyclique des ouvrages en terre intégrant des techniques de régularisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00534665.
Full textNajar, Adel. "Amplification optique dans des guides d'onde en silicium poreux dopés aux terres rares." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1E005.
Full textThis manuscript is divided in five chapters dealing with the different aspects of this work. In the first chapter we describe the porous siicon characteristics, its realisation and the various parameters which have to be controlled. Then, the state of art of Erbium Doped Optical Ampliflers based on porous siicon as well as on other materials will be presented in details. In chapter 2, the experimental conditions for the realisation of porous silicon based planar md channel optical waveguides are presented. The experimental conditions for the doping and codoping with rare earth elements as well as those used for thermally activated these elements are given. The techniques for the refractive index measurement, the photoluminescence (PL) and time resolved PL are presented. Near field method and optical losses and gain methods are also described. In the third chapter, the concentration profiles for rare earth ions in planar and channel waveguides are presented md discussed. Then, a particular attention is given to the refractive index variation as a function of the anodisation, doping and thermal treatments conditions. Chapter 4 is dedicated to the photoluminescence and time resolved PL study of doped and codoped waveguides in order to investigate the Er activation md the 13 /2 excited level lifetime. The results are used tu optimise the Yb concentration in the case of codoping and to discuss the excitation mechanisms of Erbium ions. The concentration of activated ions in the Waveguides was determined. In chapter 5, we describe md discuss the near field and loss measurements for the two types of waveguides. The on/off gain, defined as the ratio between the out put light signal with and without the 980 mn purnp, is measured in the case of planar waveguides codoped with various Ytterbium concentrations anche aut oueslatiched for channel waveguide codoped with a concentration ratio equal to 3. The gain change as a function of the signal wavelength is also presented and discussed
Panchenko, Polina. "Mémoire épigénétique des trajectoires pondérales maternelles préconceptionnelles au cours du développement et à long terme." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066574/document.
Full textMaternal obesity (OB) impacts fetal growth and adult offspring phenotype. It is still unknown whether the currently recommended preconceptional weight loss (WL) for obese women is beneficial for feto-placental growth and adult offspring health. The objectives of this thesis were to assess the effects of maternal weight trajectories on offspring phenotype at term and in adulthood, as well as gene expression in placenta and fetal liver. At E18.5, fetuses from obese females presented a fetal growth restriction (FGR); this FGR was almost completely abolished by maternal WL. Placental and hepatic expression of epigenetic machinery genes was affected by maternal OB, especially the histone acetylation pathway. Maternal WL normalized the expression of only a subset of these genes. Males born to OB mothers gained weight faster under high-fat diet than males born to control mothers; maternal WL rescued this phenotype. These results show that expression of epigenetic machinery genes and in particular histone acetylation regulators, is highly sensitive to maternal obesity. Preconceptional WL alleviates the effects of OB on fetal and adult weight but some effects of obesity cured by nutritional intervention were retained in offspring phenotype at term. This study is an important step toward understanding the mechanisms linking maternal nutrition to fetal growth and adult health
Gaya, Catasus Jaume. "Societat i economia agrària al Penedès, segles XVI-XVII: El terme de Subirats, la parròquia de Sant Pere de Lavern." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396132.
Full textThis PhD thesis seeks to examine the society and economy in the XVI & XVII centuries, in the framework of agrarian history and from the scope of local history. It highlights the micro-history’s potential and the powerful possibilities of local documentation. The use of local documentation gives an insight into the social and economic changes of Subirats, in the context of Penedès and the Catalan lands in the two first modern centuries. Among other topics, we have studied the inhabitants and their social relations, farms and houses, domestic material life, the concerns of the testator, diet food, agriculture and livestock, the importance of the textile, glass and construction activities, the use of capital and credit, and the dangers of continued borrowing. This PhD thesis structure reflects the methodological will to provide a comprehensive, holistic and integrated overview that allows generalization. The objective of this research is to improve the knowledge we have of the Catalan countryside in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Tourpin, Sylvie. "Perte des mémoires isotopiques, Nd-Sr-O, et géochimiques, REE, primaires des komatiites au cours du métamorphisme : exemple de la Finlande orientale /." Rennes : Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355538644.
Full textLambert, Sarah. "Les figurines phéniciennes à l'époque perse (539-331 av. J.-C.) : Réceptivité et affirmation identitaire au sein des cités-États phéniciennes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30749/30749.pdf.
Full textThe Persian Period introduces major changes in the Near East, allowing the creation of a never before seen international dynamic. In the Beyond the River satrapy, Phoenician city-states established along the syro-palestinian coast benefit from an advantageous political status granting them control over defined territories. This autonomy is discernible in the establishment of kingdoms beyond the scope of Central Phoenicia, expanding northward and southward. Considering the significant regional variations within the coroplastic material, this study explores the processes of receptivity and identity assertion between the leading city-states and subordinate cities and is attempting to determine the boundaries of those kingdoms based on coroplastic distribution.
Fité, i. Llevot Francesc. "El món alt-medieval i el seu entorn artístic en les terres de l'antic vescomtat i abadiat de Sant Pere d'Àger." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2074.
Full textProcés històric que hem tractat i fet palés en el primer volum, incidint de forma especial en la figura d'Amau Mir de Tost, fundador d'ambdues institucions, que donarien el marc polític-religiós a la societat allí establerta. En aquest sentit ens interessava deixar ben clara la naixença i consolidació de dites institucions, que hem estudiat per separat, tot tractant prèviament el marc geogràfic i els antecedents històrics, que ja des d'època neolítica hom pot constatar, almenys a nivell arqueològic.
Estudi històric a partir del qual hem dut a terme, d'altra banda, l'estudi patrimonial nucli bàsic de la tesi, el qual hem abordat metodològicament des d'una òptica d'inventari. Recullits els distints topònims de la documentació, endegarem el treball de camp, que ens suposà l'anàlisi del patrimoni dels distints indrets i una tasca posterior d'elaboració definitiva, en la qual hem contemplat unitàriament els nuclis amb llurs restes o conjunts monumentals, la seva descripció, els aspectes històrics concrets i àdhuc la seva pròpia delimitació territorial, a través d'un recull toponímic acurat de les partides de llurs .termes respectius. Tot un material de base estructuralment aplegat en el volum tercer, subdividit en tres toms per la gran extensió.
El segon volum, en bona part, apareix com fruit de les línies de recerca indicades, puix oferim la síntesi de l'estudi patrimonial, majorment arquitectònic, contemplat desglosadament el civil i l'eclesiàstic. Sobretot, hem incidit en la síntesi de l'arquitectura militar, per tal com és la més difícil d'abordar per la mancança de treballs de conjunt. Hem partit primerament d'un marc teòric sobre la implantació del feudalisme i la constitución de les marques que impulsaren la naixença i configuración dels castells, incidint especialment en la pròpia configuració de la torre, com a element fonamental de tota fortalesa, que en el nostre àmbit esdevindria en dit període de planta circular. Apartat dins el qual hem intentat detectar possibles influències islàmiques en la configuración dels castells cristians,per tal com se situen, almenys pel s. XI, com exemples dels més avançats del mon europeu.
Per l'arquitectura eclesiàstica, en canvi, hem seguit d'aprop les pautes establertes des de Puig i Cadafalch. Sobretot pel que fa a l'arquitectura més simple, de petites parròquies, hem destacat un llarg primer període que aniria des dels anys quaranta del s. XI fins gairebé la meitat del XII, quan el gradual canvi d'aparen i l'aparició de la volta apuntada de canó permet preludiar un segon període, pel qual hauriem de parlar per la primera meitat del s. XII del període d'inèrcia o continuïtat del Primer Romànic -solament en la gran arquitectura es veu el pas al segon romànic, com la pròpia Col.legiata de St. Pere d'Àger, que en molts aspectes se situarà com edifici de transició.
Per a la realització del treball, en el seu conjunt, hem de dir, que des d'un principi s'ha intentat defugir un estudi fred i positivista del patrimoni. Motiu pel qual, s'ha intentat desenvolupar amb amplitut els aspectes històrics i àdhuc arqueològics, amb una clara voluntat de reconstruir el passat en les seves pròpies dimensions, dins el qual dit patrimoni se situés com resultat del procés polític i socio-econòmic i, en darrera instància, com fruit de la institucionalització civil i eclesiàstica del país.
L'enfocament del treball ha tingut en compte inclús, o s'ha plantejat, la necessitat de l'estudi detallat que cal fer-se de les comarques en la seva dimensió històrica, artística i arqueològica; la necessitat d'una micro-historia sistemàtica.
This thesis constitutes fundamentally an artistic and archaeological study of the historical heritage made up of the ancient viscount and canonry -subsequently collegiate church- of Saint Peter of Ager. The study is centred chronologically to the 11th. and 12th. centuries, the period during which the aforementioned institutions were established and consolidated.
The study has as its point of departure an historical analysis which, in various sections, focuses on the formation of the feudal estate of Ager, linked as it is with the important figure of Amau Mir de Tost, on the viscount as it was throughout the 12th. century, and on the history of the foundation and institutionalisation of the abbey of Saint Peter. This analysis takes up the first volume of the thesis.
The second volume comprises a study of synthesis of the heritage, with a survey in two clearly differentiated sections of the military and religious architecture. Above all, the study has centred on the former type of architecture, a type which has received much less attention from researchers and on which there is no recent work of synthesis. In respect of the architecture of churches, the studies which since Puig i Cadafalch have already been established have been followed, taking into account the fact that the majority of examples may be included within the First Romanesque period.
The third volume, which is more extensive, presents all the field-work undertaken. In a systematic way, based on regional administrative divisions and sub-divisions, an analytical study is offered of the artistic -descriptive and historical- archaeological aspects of the different places and their surroundings.
Villatoro, Mario. "Évaluation et modélisation de l’érosion du sol sous différentes pratiques de conservation sur les plantations de café ombragées sur les terres de pente (Ultisols) au Costa Rica." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSAM0029/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work was to better understand soil erosion processes and dynamics on steep lands cultivated with a permanent crop (shade coffee).Eight large experimental plots were installed in a 65% average slope coffee plantation with Erythrina sp. as shade tree. The superficial runoff was measured every 5 min. and collected for sediment concentration measurement and soil loss assessment.Rainfall depth was 2206, 1778 and 2220 mm in 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively with a marked succession of dry season and rainy season. Total runoff was 103, 54 and 33 mm along those three years. Annual average sediment concentration at plot scale was about 1.3 g l-1 with reduced temporal variations between years or rainfall events. The plots' average annual soil loss (under normal management) decreased from 1.69 to 0.91 and 0.58 t ha-1 from 2011 to 2013. An analysis of the temporal dynamics was performed in three time scales: annual-monthly, event and intra-event. Around 60% of rainfall and 90% of runoff and soil loss occurred each year during the August-October periods and more than half of it in October. Total event rainfall and soil water content explained most of surface runoff and soil loss dynamics, while inherited soil water storage from previous year played an important role on the relationship between rainfall and runoff dynamics the following year. A simple infiltration model (Diskin and Nazimov) was used to estimate runoff during a rainfall event.In 2012 four treatments were applied with two replicates each: no mini-terraces renewal, weed control with herbicide, reduced pruning pressure on shade trees and reference management. Three periods were considered: P1 before treatment application, P2 the next two months afterwards and P3 the year after (2013). The significant differences between treatments/reference ratios for the three periods suggested higher runoff and sediment concentration when mini-terraces were renewed and the effect decreased but was still present in P3. Chemical weed control did not show a clear trend. The reduced pruning treatment reduced erosion only for superficial soil moisture >30%.Superficial runoff, average sediment concentration and soil loss were monitored at the outlet of a small watershed (31 ha, 60% average slope) during 2012 and 2013. Rainfall events greater than 5 mm (169 events) produced runoff at both scales and most of runoff amount was produced for strong rainfalls (> 40 mm). The runoff coefficients were very low (0.9%) at both scales in 2013. But it was 2.44% for plots and 0.9% for watershed in 2013. The base flow was also very low on this watershed (13-16% of total rainfall) with a large part of the rainfall (about 20%) being lost by percolation. The average sediment concentration at the plots was about 1.65 g l-1 and the maximum value was 5.64 g l-1. The average sediment concentration at watershed scale was 0.51 g l-1. Estimated annual soil loss were 0.73 and 0.36 t ha-1 yr-1 at plots scale (all managements included) for 2012 and 2013 respectively and 0.46 and 1.24 t ha-1 yr-1 at watershed scale for thesame years.The shade coffee system studied showed a tolerable soil loss compared to the potential erosion due to the efficient vegetal surface protection
Grappe, Benjamin. "Modèles d'écoulement à surface libre pour la simulation à long terme de la migration des systèmes méandriformes." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01038004.
Full textMaunier, Cédric. "Pertes optiques et émission laser de matériaux dopés Nd3+ pour applications diverses, amplificateurs, autodoubleurs de fréquence, minilasers pompés par diodes." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2032.
Full textCabrit, Sylvie. "Ejection de matiere dans les objets protostellaires et les etoiles jeunes de faible masse." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066082.
Full textMachault, Julie. "Paramètres minéralogiques et microtexturaux utilisables dans les études de traçabilité des minerais métalliques." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835078.
Full textDJILALI, BERKANE LAIEB ZOHRA. "Evaluation numérique d'un coefficient de sécurité cinématique pour les barrages et les ouvrages en terre." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10193.
Full textTourpin, Sylvie. "Perte des mémoires isotopiques (Nd, Sr, 0) et géochimiques (REE) primaires des komatiites au cours du métamorphisme : Exemple de la Finlande Orientale." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675899.
Full textHergault, Virginie. "Etude microstructurelle du transport par charriage de mélanges bidisperses à forte pente." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684258.
Full textBERRUYER, DESIROTTE NICOLE. "Contribution a l'etude des enveloppes circumstellaires : effet du couplage grains-gaz." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4157.
Full textGrappe, Benjamin. "Modèles d'écoulement à surface libre pour la simulation à long terme de la migration des systèmes méandriformes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0008.
Full textOver a long time, Meandering systems build sedimentary architectures composed of porous bodies scattered inside a volume of low-permeability sediments. These bodies may contain natural resources. In order to optimize their mining, it is essential to estimate the distribution and connectivity of such bodies. To this end, Mines ParisTech develops Flumy, a process-based model simulating the formation of these architectures. This thesis aims to improve the simulation of the migration in Flumy by taking into consideration the influence of the local slope.For this purpose, three distinct models were considered in conjunction, and compared. The first one (constant slope model), which constitutes the basis of the current Flumy version, was originally developed by [Ikeda 1981]. The second model (variable slope model), developed by [Lopez 2003], assigns to the free surface the slope of the surrounding topography. Finally, the last model (Saint-Venant model) has been derived from the variable slope model. Initially calculated under a known free surface, the mean flow in each cross-section is now obtained by solving the Saint-Venant equations over a known river bed. Each of those three models has been applied to the simulation of free meanders. Moreover, the constant-slope and variable slope models have been used to reproduce the confined meanders of two Canadian streams.The results point to a more realistic meanders development using the variable slope model than with the constant slope model. This improvement can particularly be observed in individual meanders, whose rate of extension decreases with the age. It is also noticeable in the overall river behavior, which self-confines in a meander belt. The specific morphology of the confined meanders is also better reproduced using the variable slope model than with the constant slope model. Lastly, though a lesser extent, the Saint-Venant model shows the same advantages than the variable slope model. In addition, it allows the construction of a physically meaningful free surface over a wide range of beds and, in doing so, resolves a limit of the variable slope model
Gadens, Letícia Nerone. "O processo de degradação física das áreas centrais e sua relação com a dinâmica urbana : estudo de caso em Curitiba, Paraná / Letícia Nerone Gadens ; orientadora, Letícia Peret Antunes Hardt." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_PR, 2010. http://www.biblioteca.pucpr.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1662.
Full textBibliografia: f.133-144
A evolução estrutural das cidades com expansão do seu território, o surgimento de áreas periféricas e o adensamento populacional provoca alterações nas funções urbanas, incluindo aquelas atribuídas ao centro tradicional. Entendido como o local de primeira
Safi-Stibler, Sofiane. "Mémoire métabolique et épigénétique des trajectoires pondérales maternelles préconceptionnelles, au cours du développement et à long terme." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS357.
Full textMaternal obesity can predispose to metabolic pathologies in adulthood. Preconceptional weight loss is recommended for obese women, but its effects on the health of the offspring are still poorly understood. The objectives of this thesis were to study the effects of preconceptional maternal weight trajectories on the metabolic phenotype of offspring in adulthood and to address the underlying epigenetic mechanisms at gestation term. The study is based on a mouse model comprising three maternal groups (control, obese and weight loss) and two offspring groups (normal or high-fat diet). Multifactorial analyzes revealed a major effect of sex and post-weaning diet on the phenotype of offspring, as well as a conditioning effect by maternal physiology in males under high-fat diet. A metabolomic analysis of the liver, hypothalamus and olfactory bulb of adult male offspring confirmed the major effect of post-weaning diet on several metabolic pathways, and identified 3 metabolites common to all three tissues. In addition, this study revealed a programming effect by maternal obesity in the liver. At term of gestation, we also started a preliminary study concerning the post-translational modifications of the histones, in particular their acetylation. This work brings novel elements concerning the actors and the mechanisms of the programming and the developmental conditioning of the offspring by the preconceptional maternal weight trajectories
Galand, Marina. "Transport des protons dans l'ionosphère aurorale." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724355.
Full textFeki, Nesma. "Modèles physique et numérique de la stabilité des couvertures géosynthétiques sur pente : application aux centres de stockage des déchets." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10067.
Full textMiranda, Hugo C?sar Brand?o de. "Interpreta??o conjunta de dados de GPR e medidas de permeabilidade sobre um an?logo de reservat?rio silicicl?stico falhado na Bacia de Tucano, no NE do Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2004. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18790.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
It is presented an integrated geophysical investigation of the spatial distribution of faults and deformation bands (DB?s) in a faulted siliciclastic reservoir analogue, located in Tucano Basin, Bahia State, northeastern Brazil. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and permeability measurements allowed the analysis of the influence of DB?s in the rock permeability and porosity. GPR data were processed using a suitable flow parametrization in order to highlight discontinuities in sedimentary layers. The obtained images allowed the subsurface detection of DB?s presenting displacements greater that 10 cm. A good correlation was verified between DB?s detected by GPR and those observed in surface, the latter identified using conventional structural methods. After some adaptations in the minipermeameter in order to increase measurement precision, two approaches to measure permeabilities were tested: in situ and in collected cores. The former approach provided better results than the latter and consisted of scratching the outcrop surface, followed by direct measurements on outcrop rocks. The measured permeability profiles allowed to characterize the spatial transition from DB?s to undeformed rock; variation of up to three orders of magnitude were detected. The permeability profiles also presented quasi-periodic patterns, associated with textural and granulometric changes, possibly associated to depositional cycles. Integrated interpretation of the geological, geophysical and core data, provided the subsurface identification of an increase in the DB?s number associated with a sedimentary layer presenting granulometric decrease at depths greater than 8 m. An associated sharp decrease in permeability was also measured in cores from boreholes. The obtained results reveal that radagrams, besides providing high resolution images, allowing the detection of small structures (> 10 cm), also presented a correlation with the permeability data. In this way, GPR data may be used to build upscaling laws, bridging the gap between outcrop and seismic data sets, which may result in better models for faulted reservoirs
O presente trabalho apresenta a utiliza??o integrada de t?cnicas geof?sicas para investigar a distribui??o espacial de falhas e bandas de deforma??o (BD`s) em afloramentos an?logos de reservat?rios silicicl?sticos na Bacia do Tucano no Estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. Foram utilizadas as ferramentas geof?sicas de Radar Penetrante no Solo (GPR) e miniperme?metro, em estudos integrados com a geologia estrutural, com o intuito de analisar o impacto causado pelas BD?s nas condi??es permo-porosas da rocha. Os dados de GPR foram processados utilizando uma parametriza??o adequada para real?ar descontinuidades nas camadas sedimentares. Esta parametriza??o possibilitou a detec??o, em subsuperf?cie, das BD s que apresentam rejeitos maiores que 10 cm. Uma boa correla??o foi verificada entre as BD?s detectadas pelo GPR e BD?s identificadas em superf?cie usando fotos a?reas de pequeno formato e mapas estruturais de detalhe da ?rea investigada. Ap?s adapta??es no miniperme?metro, que possibilitaram melhor precis?o nas medidas, foram testadas duas metodologias de medi??o de permeabilidade: in situ e em amostras ou testemunhos. A metodologia que forneceu melhor resultado foi a primeira, que consiste de raspagem do afloramento seguida da medi??o nos locais raspados. Os perfis de permeabilidade obtidos permitiram caracterizar a transi??o entre BD?s e rocha s?; varia??es de at? tr?s ordens de grandeza foram verificadas. Tamb?m foram identificados nos perfis de permeabilidade padr?es aproximadamente peri?dicos, associados com diminui??es granulom?tricas e texturais em algumas f?cies sedimentares, possivelmente ligados a ciclos deposicionais. A interpreta??o conjunta dos dados geol?gicos, geof?sicos e de po?os rasos, proporcionou a identifica??o, em subsuperf?cie, de um aumento do n?mero de BD`s e uma diminui??o granulom?trica, a partir de 8 m de profundidade. Esta mudan?a est? associada com uma brusca diminui??o da permeabilidade a partir desta profundidade, que foi confirmada em medi??es realizadas em testemunhos extra?dos de po?os. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as se??es de GPR, al?m de proporcionarem imagens de alta resolu??o, detectando estruturas decacentim?tricas, tamb?m apresentaram correla??o com os dados de permeabilidade. Potencialmente, o GPR pode ser usado na composi??o de leis de escala, servindo de liga??o entre dados de afloramento e dados s?smicos convencionais, auxiliando no entendimento do impacto de falhas, fraturas e BD`s nas condi??es permo-porosas de um reservat?rio de petr?leo
Duval, Karine. "Déterminants physiologiques et comportementaux du poids corporel chez la femme." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24052.
Full textCoste, Marianne. "Les processus sédimentaires, depuis la pente continentale jusqu'au bassin, en contexte de tectonique active : analyse comparée entre la Marge Calabro-Ionienne et la Marge Ligure durant les derniers 5 Ma." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062293.
Full textDubecq, Simon. "Stress-Test Exercises and the Pricing of Very Long-Term Bonds." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871760.
Full textBel, Justin. "Modélisation physique de l’impact du creusement d’un tunnel par tunnelier à front pressurisé sur des fondations profondes." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSET002/document.
Full textThe major goal presented in this thesis was to analyze and investigate the mechanisms, which are involved in the impact of the tunnels excavated thanks to an Earth Pressure Balanced Shield on nearby deep foundations. This thesis was realized in European project NeTTUN and the work had been done in the Laboratory of Tribology and Systems Dynamics (LTDS) of ENTPE. During these works, phenomenological approach was based on two important experimental campaigns carried out using a unique device at the international level of a 1g scale model of earth-pressure tunnel boring machine (scale of the order of 1 / 10). The state of the art of this device was to be able to simulate in possibly realistic way the main stages of the three-dimensional process of mechanized excavation of a tunnel. In the framework of this thesis, the existing model tunneling machine device was initially reconfigured in order to reach the expectations of the experimental program envisaged. Physical models of deep foundations (piles and groups of piles) and protective barriers were designed under the similitude laws, manufactured and instrumented. The two large-scale experimental campaigns have been carried out in a dry sand massif. The first one concerned the effects of the passage of a pressurized tunnel boring machine on nearby deep foundations (piles, group of piles), whereas another one dealed with the effectiveness of mitigation procedure (diaphragm walls) used to limit these effects. Different parameters that influenced on the tunneling: soil - foundation interaction considered as the relative tunnel / foundation distance, the frontal face pressure applied by the TBM in the field or the height of the protective barriers. The phenomenological analysis carried out at the scale of the model concerned in particular the evolution of the fields of stresses and displacements in the ground around the tunnel boring machine, relatives pile / soil and wall / soil displacements and the redistribution of stresses along the pile foundations. The large database and analysis constituted was used for the validation of numerical modeling tools developed by the University of Rome within the NeTTUN project
Tireau, Jonathan. "Proprietes a long terme des gaines de polyethylene haute densite utilisees pour les ponts a haubans." Phd thesis, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00562683.
Full textPaquette, Michel. "Le rôle des formes périglaciaires dans l’hydrologie et l’évolution des pentes d’un désert polaire dans le Haut-Arctique canadien." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21135.
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