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Shimazaki, Takashi, Misa Iio, Megumi Saito, Kosuke Maeba, and Koji Takenaka. "Persuasive messaging to increase physical activity." Japanese Journal of Health Psychology 25, no. 2 (2012): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11560/jahp.25.2_38.
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Rezai, Leila Sadat, Jessie Chin, Rebecca Bassett-Gunter, and Catherine Burns. "Developing Persuasive Health Messages for a Behavior-Change-Support-System That Promotes Physical Activity." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 6, no. 1 (May 15, 2017): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2327857917061020.
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This paper describes the first of three experiments conducted to investigate the efficacy of a proposed persuasive mHealth messaging intervention that motivates individuals to become more physically active. In order to develop a set of persuasive health messages that can be used in the principal experiment, which examines a particular message-tailoring strategy, we conducted an online survey through Amazon Mechanical Turk. In this online study participants rated a series of health messages to indicate each message’s level of persuasiveness, as well as the message’s focus. This study was essential, as disagreements exist on how to frame persuasive health messages in the context of promoting physical activity. Among the proposed 57 messages, 14 messages rated as the most persuasive were selected for the principal experiment.
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Cooper, Nicole, Javier O. Garcia, Steven H. Tompson, Matthew B. O’Donnell, Emily B. Falk, and Jean M. Vettel. "Time-evolving dynamics in brain networks forecast responses to health messaging." Network Neuroscience 3, no. 1 (January 2019): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00058.
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Neuroimaging measures have been used to forecast complex behaviors, including how individuals change decisions about their health in response to persuasive communications, but have rarely incorporated metrics of brain network dynamics. How do functional dynamics within and between brain networks relate to the processes of persuasion and behavior change? To address this question, we scanned 45 adult smokers by using functional magnetic resonance imaging while they viewed anti-smoking images. Participants reported their smoking behavior and intentions to quit smoking before the scan and 1 month later. We focused on regions within four atlas-defined networks and examined whether they formed consistent network communities during this task (measured as allegiance). Smokers who showed reduced allegiance among regions within the default mode and fronto-parietal networks also demonstrated larger increases in their intentions to quit smoking 1 month later. We further examined dynamics of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), as activation in this region has been frequently related to behavior change. The degree to which vmPFC changed its community assignment over time (measured as flexibility) was positively associated with smoking reduction. These data highlight the value in considering brain network dynamics for understanding message effectiveness and social processes more broadly.
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Kaptein, Maurits, and Aart van Halteren. "Adaptive persuasive messaging to increase service retention: using persuasion profiles to increase the effectiveness of email reminders." Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 17, no. 6 (July 11, 2012): 1173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00779-012-0585-3.
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Spelt, Hanne, Elisabeth Kersten-van Dijk, Jaap Ham, Joyce Westerink, and Wijnand IJsselsteijn. "Psychophysiological Measures of Reactance to Persuasive Messages Advocating Limited Meat Consumption." Information 10, no. 10 (October 17, 2019): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10100320.
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Persuasive interventions can lose their effectiveness when a person becomes reactant to the persuasive messages—a state identified by feelings of anger and perceived threat to freedom. A person will strive to reestablish their threatened freedom, which is characterized by motivational arousal. Research suggests that the motivational state of psychological reactance can be observed in physiology. Therefore, the assessment of physiological reactions might help to identify reactance to persuasive messages and, thereby, could be an objective approach to personalize persuasive technologies. The current study investigates peripheral psychophysiological reactivity in response to persuasive messages. To manipulate the strength of the reactant response either high- or low-controlling language messages were presented to discourage meat consumption. The high-controlling language condition indeed evoked more psychological reactance, and sympathetic arousal did increase during persuasive messaging in heart rate and heart rate variability, although no clear relationship between physiological reactivity and self-reported psychological reactance was found. However, the evaluation of multiple linear models revealed that variance in self-reported psychological reactance was best explained by initial intentions in combination with cardiovascular reactivity. To conclude, considering physiological reactivity in addition to motivational state can benefit our understanding of psychological reactance.
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Rossel, Pedro O., Lorenzo Paredes, Antonio Bascur, Claudia Martínez-Carrasco, and Valeria Herskovic. "SAS4P: Providing automatic smoking detection for a persuasive smoking cessation application." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 11 (November 2019): 155014771988816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719888167.
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Smoking is the biggest avoidable health risk, causing millions of deaths per year worldwide. Persuasive applications are those designed to change a person’s behavior, usually in a specific way. Several mobile phone applications and messaging systems have been used to promote smoking cessation. However, most interventions use participants’ self-reports to track cigarette consumption and avoidance, which may not be accurate or objective. Previous proposals have used sensors to track hand movements and other contextual data to detect smoking or have used devices to detect smoke or breath carbon monoxide. This article proposes a low-cost wearable device that may be worn in a front shirt pocket or clipped to clothing to detect smoke and secondhand smoke. Furthermore, the device is integrated into a persuasive application to promote smoking cessation. The device was evaluated through an experiment to detect whether it may detect direct, passive, and no smoking conditions. The results are promising and may help improve tracking of cigarettes in persuasive applications.
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Topuridze, Marina, Carla J. Berg, Ana Dekanosidze, Arevik Torosyan, Lilit Grigoryan, Alexander Bazarchyan, Zhanna Sargsyan, et al. "Smokers’ and Nonsmokers’ Receptivity to Smoke-Free Policies and Pro- and Anti-Policy Messaging in Armenia and Georgia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 30, 2020): 5527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155527.
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Garnering support for smoke-free policies is critical for their successful adoption, particularly in countries with high smoking prevalence, such as Armenia and Georgia. In 2018, we surveyed 1456 residents (ages 18–64) of 28 cities in Armenia (n = 705) and Georgia (n = 751). We examined support for cigarette and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)/heated tobacco product (HTP) smoke-free policies in various locations and persuasiveness of pro- and anti-policy messaging. Participants were an average age of 43.35, 60.5% female, and 27.3% current smokers. Nonsmokers versus smokers indicated greater policy support for cigarette and ENDS/HTP and greater persuasiveness of pro-policy messaging. Armenians versus Georgians generally perceived pro- and anti-policy messaging more persuasive. In multilevel linear regression, sociodemographics (e.g., female) and tobacco use characteristics (e.g., smoking less frequently, higher quitting importance) correlated with more policy support. Greatest policy support was for healthcare, religious, government, and workplace settings; public transport; schools; and vehicles carrying children. Least policy support was for bar/restaurant outdoor areas. The most compelling pro-policy message focused on the right to clean air; the most compelling anti-policy message focused on using nonsmoking sections. Specific settings may present challenges for advancing smoke-free policies. Messaging focusing on individual rights to clean air and health may garner support.
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Kesenheimer, Jana Sophie, and Tobias Greitemeyer. "Ego or Eco? Neither Ecological nor Egoistic Appeals of Persuasive Climate Change Messages Impacted Pro-Environmental Behavior." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (December 2, 2020): 10064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310064.
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Based on the ‘Inclusion Model of Environmental Concern’, we tested whether daily messaging intervention increases participants’ pro-environmental behavior (PEB). In a two (time: pre vs. post, repeated measure) × three (condition: egoistic appeals, ecological appeals, control group) experimental design, two hundred and eighteen individuals received either daily messages containing egoistic appeals for action to prevent climate change (e.g., preventing personal consequences of released diseases in melting arctic ice), ecological appeals (e.g., ecological consequences of melting glaciers), or no messages (control). PEB was assessed via self-reports and donations to an environmental organization. Neither of the appeals had an effect on the two dependent measures. Irrespective of experimental conditions, self-reported PEB was higher in the post- compared with the pre-test. Overall, the present results do not provide support for the effectiveness of a daily messaging technique. Instead, it appears that ‘being observed’ is the more effective ‘intervention’. Implications for how to foster PEB are discussed.
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Meents, Selmar, Tibert Verhagen, Jani Merikivi, and Jesse Weltevreden. "Persuasive location-based messaging to increase store visits: An exploratory study of fashion shoppers." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 57 (November 2020): 102174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102174.
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Kang, Yoona, Nicole Cooper, Prateekshit Pandey, Christin Scholz, Matthew Brook O’Donnell, Matthew D. Lieberman, Shelley E. Taylor, et al. "Effects of self-transcendence on neural responses to persuasive messages and health behavior change." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 40 (September 17, 2018): 9974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805573115.
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Self-transcendence refers to a shift in mindset from focusing on self-interests to the well-being of others. We offer an integrative neural model of self-transcendence in the context of persuasive messaging by examining the mechanisms of self-transcendence in promoting receptivity to health messages and behavior change. Specifically, we posited that focusing on values and activities that transcend the self can allow people to see that their self-worth is not tied to a specific behavior in question, and in turn become more receptive to subsequent, otherwise threatening health information. To test whether inducing self-transcendent mindsets before message delivery would help overcome defensiveness and increase receptivity, we used two priming tasks, affirmation and compassion, to elicit a transcendent mindset among 220 sedentary adults. As preregistered, those who completed a self-transcendence task before health message exposure, compared with controls, showed greater increases in objectively logged levels of physical activity throughout the following month. In the brain, self-transcendence tasks up-regulated activity in a region of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, chosen for its role in positive valuation and reward processing. During subsequent health message exposure, self-transcendence priming was associated with increased activity in subregions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, implicated in self-related processing and positive valuation, which predicted later decreases in sedentary behavior. The present findings suggest that having a positive self-transcendent mindset can increase behavior change, in part by increasing neural receptivity to health messaging.
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Frew, Paula M., Jennifer L. Kriss, Allison T. Chamberlain, Fauzia Malik, Yunmi Chung, Marielysse Cortés, and Saad B. Omer. "A randomized trial of maternal influenza immunization decision-making: A test of persuasive messaging models." Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 12, no. 8 (June 20, 2016): 1989–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2016.1199309.
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Della, Lindsay J., Margaret U. D'Silva, Latrica E. Best, Siobhan E. Smith, Quaniqua N. Carthan, and Theresa A. Rajack-Talley. "Modeling message preferences: An adaptive conjoint analysis of persuasive messaging to increase fruit and vegetable consumption." Journal of Communication in Healthcare 9, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2016.1238179.
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Rwamwejo, Janvier, Silvina Ramos, Karen Morgan, Karin Richter, Chan Joo Kim, Mercè Peris, and Jennifer S. Smith. "Persuasive messaging for human papillomavirus vaccination by adolescent providers in a five-country multi-site study." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 29, no. 2 (January 4, 2019): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2018-000004.
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ObjectiveStrong persuasive messaging by providers is a key predictor for patient acceptance of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccination. We aimed to determine optimal messaging to promote human papillomavirus adolescent vaccination across different geographical sites.MethodsAdolescent providers (n = 151) from Argentina, Malaysia, South Africa, South Korea, and Spain were surveyed on messages, family decision makers, and sources of communication to best motivate parents to vaccinate their adolescent daughters overall, and against human papillomavirus. Multivariate logistic regression assessed the likelihood of recommending messages specifically targeted at cervical cancer with providers’ characteristics: gender, medical specialization, and previous administration of human papillomavirus vaccination.ResultsMothers were considered the most important human papillomavirus vaccination decision makers for their daughters (range 93%–100%). Television was cited as the best source of information on human papillomavirus vaccination in surveyed countries (range 56.5%–87.1%), except Spain where one-on-one discussions were most common (73.3%). Prevention messages were considered the most likely to motivate parents to vaccinate their daughters overall, and against human papillomavirus, in all five countries (range 30.8%–55.9%). Optimal messages emphasized cervical cancer prevention, and included strong provider recommendation to vaccinate, vaccine safety and efficacy, timely vaccination, and national policy for human papillomavirus vaccination. Pediatricians and obstetricians/gynecologists were more likely to cite that the best prevention messages should focus on cervical cancer (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.17 to 15.02 vs other medical specialists).ConclusionsProvider communication messages that would motivate parents to vaccinate against human papillomavirus were based on strong recommendation emphasizing prevention of cervical cancer. To frame convincing messages to increase vaccination uptake, adolescent providers should receive updated training on human papillomavirus and associated cancers, while clearly addressing human papillomavirus vaccination safety and efficacy.
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Freeman, J. "Possible Effects of the Electronic Social Media on Gifted and Talented Children’s Intelligence and Relationships." Психологическая наука и образование 20, no. 1 (2015): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2015200111.
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In just a few decades, electronic networks have expanded beyond all expectations. Instant messaging via smart phones and computers of all sorts whizz round the world. Researchers and policy makers are strongly divided in their findings and conclusions as to the effects of possible persuasive changes on the lives of our children. Electronic social media might positively revolutionise learning, professional development, advocacy, research and policy-making, but they might also encourage superficial rather than deep thought, thus negatively affecting children’s intellect and personal relationships. This paper takes a look at some approaches to the interactions of positive and negative impacts with special implications for gifted and talented children.
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Doré, Bruce P., N. Cooper, C. Scholz, Matthew B. O'Donnell, and Emily B. Falk. "Cognitive regulation of ventromedial prefrontal activity evokes lasting change in the perceived self‐relevance of persuasive messaging." Human Brain Mapping 40, no. 9 (June 15, 2019): 2571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24545.
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Hughes, Brian, Cynthia Miller-Idriss, Rachael Piltch-Loeb, Beth Goldberg, Kesa White, Meili Criezis, and Elena Savoia. "Development of a Codebook of Online Anti-Vaccination Rhetoric to Manage COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 7556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147556.
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Vaccine hesitancy (delay in obtaining a vaccine, despite availability) represents a significant hurdle to managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy is in part related to the prevalence of anti-vaccine misinformation and disinformation, which are spread through social media and user-generated content platforms. This study uses qualitative coding methodology to identify salient narratives and rhetorical styles common to anti-vaccine and COVID-denialist media. It organizes these narratives and rhetorics according to theme, imagined antagonist, and frequency. Most frequent were narratives centered on “corrupt elites” and rhetorics appealing to the vulnerability of children. The identification of these narratives and rhetorics may assist in developing effective public health messaging campaigns, since narrative and emotion have demonstrated persuasive effectiveness in other public health communication settings.
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Okuhara, Tsuyoshi, Hirono Ishikawa, Haruka Ueno, Hiroko Okada, and Takahiro Kiuchi. "Examining Long-Term Effects of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Recommendation Messages: A 4-Month Follow-Up Survey of a Randomized Controlled Study in Japan." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040549.
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We previously conducted a randomized controlled study to examine persuasive messages recommending HPV vaccination to mothers with daughters in Japan. That study showed that the three types of intervention message used (statistical information only, a patient’s narrative in addition to statistical information, and a mother’s narrative in addition to statistical information) all significantly improved mothers’ intention to have their daughter(s) receive the HPV vaccine, in comparison with mothers who received no messaging. The present study is a follow-up survey to assess the long-term effect of the intervention. Four months after the initial study, in January 2018, participants in the previous study were contacted and queried about their current intention to have their daughter(s) receive the HPV vaccine. Statistical analysis was conducted using the paired t-test and analysis of variance. A total of 978 mothers participated in the current survey. Vaccination intention 4 months after intervention had decreased to a level that did not differ significantly from the level prior to intervention in all three intervention conditions. The amount of change in vaccination intention 4 months after intervention did not differ significantly among the three intervention groups (p = 0.871). A single exposure to messaging was insufficient to produce a persistent intervention effect.
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McMullan, John L., and Delthia Miller. "All in! The commercial advertising of offshore gambling on television." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 22 (December 1, 2008): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2008.22.6.
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There is a paucity of research on the advertising of gambling, especially the intensely marketed Internet poker and blackjack games. This study examines ads that aired on cable television in one Canadian jurisdiction. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we analyze 64 distinct commercials that aired 904 times over a 6-month period. Our findings show that these ads target audiences along age, gender, and ethnic lines and mobilize celebrities, excitement, and humour as persuasive techniques to promote the view that on-line gambling is an entertainment experience in which skill prevails over luck, winning dominates losing, fantasy overshadows reality, leisure trumps work, and the potential for personal change eclipses the routines of everyday life. We conclude that the e-gambling advertising assemblage, with its high-volume exposure, attractiveness, pervasiveness, and repetitiveness of messaging is now an embedded feature of everyday life that is especially connected to popular sport culture and to the fun ethic of contemporary consumer culture.
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Rickard, Laura N., Jonathon P. Schuldt, Gina M. Eosco, Clifford W. Scherer, and Ricardo A. Daziano. "The Proof is in the Picture: The Influence of Imagery and Experience in Perceptions of Hurricane Messaging." Weather, Climate, and Society 9, no. 3 (May 31, 2017): 471–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0048.1.
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Abstract Although evidence suggests that photographs can enhance persuasive messaging by offering “proof,” less research considers their utility relative to other visual forms that ostensibly convey more information but more abstractly. Drawing on communication and information processing theory, this study examines the influence of visual features and personal experience variables in a domain with urgent need to better understand their role: hurricane messaging. In a between subjects experiment, residents of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut (N = 1052) were exposed to a hypothetical hurricane forecast accompanied by a photograph of storm surge inundating a house (indexical image), a map of projected storm surge (iconic image), or no image (control), depending on condition. Results revealed that participants in the indexical condition perceived the greatest risk overall and were more likely to mention evacuation as a behavioral intention than did those in the iconic and control conditions, controlling for individual differences (gender, state of residence, etc.). Moreover, risk perception was greatest among residents in the indexical condition reporting fewer personal impacts of hurricanes, suggesting a moderating effect of hurricane experience on risk judgment but not on behavioral intention. Consistent with a dual-process model perspective, when exposed to an image of an identifiable “victim,” participants with less direct experience may have employed an affect heuristic, resulting in heightened risk perceptions. Practically speaking, using evocative photographs as proof may be preferable to a map or text-only approach when warning public audiences of a given hazard, but ethical issues and empirical questions remain.
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Rotman, Jeff D., T. J. Weber, and Andrew W. Perkins. "Addressing Global Warming Denialism." Public Opinion Quarterly 84, no. 1 (2020): 74–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfaa002.
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Abstract Despite the scientific consensus concerning the current causes and future effects of anthropogenic global warming, there has been little to no improvement in public opinion, attitudes, or behavior related to its mitigation. This article examines how different information conveyance strategies affect belief in global warming. Three experiments reveal that a fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanism of global warming—the greenhouse gas effect—is integral to belief in the existence of global warming. Specifically, the current research demonstrates that persuasive messaging incorporating an explanation of the mechanism (versus consequences) underlying global warming leads to belief change (study 1); that this effect is moderated by political orientation, such that the effect of mechanism-understanding on global warming belief is greater for conservatives (study 1, 2, and 3); that understanding of the mechanism underlying global warming affects willingness to engage in sustainable activities and buying socially conscious products (study 2); and that the effect persists over time and can influence actual donation behavior (study 3). Social, public policy, and marketing implications for this strategy are discussed.
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Keller, Sarah N., Joy C. Honea, and Rachel Ollivant. "How Social Media Comments Inform the Promotion of Mask-Wearing and Other COVID-19 Prevention Strategies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 5624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115624.
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Current COVID-19 messaging efforts by public health departments are primarily informational in nature and assume that audiences will make rational choices in compliance, contradicting extensive research indicating that individuals make lifestyle choices based on emotional, social, and impulsive factors. To complement the current model, audience barriers to prevention need to be better understood. A content analysis of news source comments in response to daily COVID-19 reports was conducted in Montana, one of the states expressing resistance to routine prevention efforts. A total of 615 Facebook comments drawn from Montana news sources were analyzed using the Persuasive Health Message Framework to identify perceived barriers and benefits of mask-wearing. A majority (63%) of comments expressed barriers, the most common of which were categorized as either misinformation about the virus or conspiracy theories. Benefits (46%) of mask-wearing were articulated as benefits to loved ones or people in one’s community or saving hospital space. This paper analyzes the implications of low perceived threat accompanied by low perceived efficacy of mask-wearing to make recommendations for future prevention efforts.
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Faro, Jamie M., Catherine S. Nagawa, Jeroan A. Allison, Stephenie C. Lemon, Kathleen M. Mazor, Thomas K. Houston, and Rajani S. Sadasivam. "Comparison of a Collective Intelligence Tailored Messaging System on Smoking Cessation Between African American and White People Who Smoke: Quasi-Experimental Design." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 4 (April 27, 2020): e18064. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18064.
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Background The Patient Experience Recommender System for Persuasive Communication Tailoring (PERSPeCT) is a machine learning recommender system with a database of messages to motivate smoking cessation. PERSPeCT uses the collective intelligence of users (ie, preferences and feedback) and demographic and smoking profiles to select motivating messages. PERSPeCT may be more beneficial for tailoring content to minority groups influenced by complex, personally relevant factors. Objective The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate the use of PERSPeCT in African American people who smoke compared with white people who smoke. Methods Using a quasi-experimental design, we compared African American people who smoke with a historical cohort of white people who smoke, who both received up to 30 emailed tailored messages over 65 days. People who smoke rated the daily message in terms of perceived influence on quitting smoking for 30 days. Our primary analysis compared daily message ratings between the two groups using a t test. We used a logistic model to compare 30-day cessation between the two groups and adjusted for covariates. Results The study included 119 people who smoke (African Americans, 55/119; whites, 64/119). At baseline, African American people who smoke were significantly more likely to report allowing smoking in the home (P=.002); all other characteristics were not significantly different between groups. Daily mean ratings were higher for African American than white people who smoke on 26 of the 30 days (P<.001). Odds of quitting as measured by 30-day cessation were significantly higher for African Americans (odds ratio 2.3, 95% CI 1.04-5.53; P=.03) and did not change after adjusting for allowing smoking at home. Conclusions Our study highlighted the potential of using a recommender system to personalize for African American people who smoke. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02200432; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02200432 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/jmir.6465
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Lu, Hang, Katherine A. McComas, Danielle E. Buttke, Sungjong Roh, Margaret A. Wild, and Daniel J. Decker. "One Health messaging about bats and rabies: how framing of risks, benefits and attributions can support public health and wildlife conservation goals." Wildlife Research 44, no. 3 (2017): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16061.
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Context Improving awareness to prevent exposure to rabies from bats is a public health priority. However, messages about bats and rabies often sensationalise this issue and represent bats in a negative way, which can negatively affect support for bat conservation. Aims The conflicts between public health goals and conservation needs seem unavoidable but are not irreconcilable. Natural resource managers and public health officials can work together to ensure that the importance of preventing exposure to rabies from bats is effectively communicated while at the same time promoting public appreciation of bat species. One efficacious way of achieving this communication goal may be through careful design of message content. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of message design strategies in promoting rabies prevention and bat conservation. Methods This study tested messages in two USA National Park Service sites. Participants (n=480) were randomly assigned to one of four message conditions as part of a 2 (risk–benefit vs risk-only of bats)×2 (human blame vs bat blame for disease) between-subjects factorial design, or to a control (no message) condition. Key results The results show that all four messages were persuasive in promoting the rabies exposure prevention behaviour compared with the control condition. In addition, when participants were exposed to the bat-blame messages, more positive beliefs about bats were elicited if the messages included risk–benefit information rather than risk-only information. Conclusions Our study suggests that public health and wildlife conservation goals can be obtained simultaneously through careful message design. Implications For messages that focus on just the risk information about bats, we suggest at least mentioning anthropogenic factors contributing to the spread of diseases to avoid unintended negative consequences for bat conservation. If messages emphasise bats as the source for spreading diseases, mentioning the benefits of bats may generate more positive beliefs about bats. Both strategies require some modification of the mainstream messages about bats and rabies to meet both public health and conservation goals.
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Kelly, Bridget, Becky Freeman, Lesley King, Kathy Chapman, Louise A. Baur, and Tim Gill. "The normative power of food promotions: Australian children’s attachments to unhealthy food brands." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 16 (June 13, 2016): 2940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016001452.
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AbstractObjectiveThe formation of food brand associations and attachment is fundamental to brand preferences, which influence purchases and consumption. Food promotions operate through a cascade of links, from brand recognition, to affect, and on to consumption. Frequent exposures to product promotions may establish social norms for products, reinforcing brand affect. These pathways signify potential mechanisms for how children’s exposure to unhealthy food promotions can contribute to poor diets. The present study explored children’s brand associations and attachments for major food brands.DesignA cross-sectional online survey was conducted. Fourteen study brands were used, with each child viewing a set of seven logos. The questionnaire assessed perceptions of food brands and perceptions of users of brands, using semantic differential scales, and perceived brand ‘personalities’, using Likert scales.SettingNew South Wales, Australia, October–November 2014.SubjectsChildren aged 10–16 years (n417).ResultsChildren demonstrated strong positive affect to certain brands, perceiving some unhealthy food brands to have positive attributes, desirable user traits and alignment to their own personality. Brand personality traits of ‘smart’ and ‘sporty’ were viewed as indicators of healthiness. Brands with these traits were ranked lower for popularity.ConclusionsChildren’s brand associations and attachments indicate the potential normative social influences of promotions. While children are aware of brand healthiness as an attribute, this competes with other brand associations, highlighting the challenge of health/nutrition messaging to counter unhealthy food marketing. Restricting children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing and the persuasive nature of marketing is an important part of efforts to improve children’s diet-related health.
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Yonemitsu, Fumiya, Ayumi Ikeda, Naoto Yoshimura, Kaito Takashima, Yuki Mori, Kyoshiro Sasaki, Kun Qian, and Yuki Yamada. "Warning ‘Don't spread’ versus ‘Don't be a spreader’ to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 9 (September 2020): 200793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200793.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is threatening not only health but also life worldwide. It is important to encourage citizens to voluntarily practise infection-prevention (IP) behaviours such as social distancing and self-restraint. Previous research on social cognition suggested that emphasizing self-identity is key to changing a person's behaviour. The present study investigated whether reminders that highlight self-identity would be effective in changing intention and behaviour related to the COVID-19 outbreak, and hypothesized that those who read reminders highlighting self-identity (Don't be a spreader) would change IP intention and behaviour better than those who read ‘Don't spread’ or no reminder. We conducted a two-wave survey of the same participants with a one-week interval, during which we assigned one of three reminder conditions to the participants: ‘Don't spread’ (spreading condition), ‘Don't be a spreader’ (spreader condition) and no reminder (control condition). Participants marked their responses to IP intentions and actual behaviours each week based on the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare guidelines. While the results did not show significant differences between the conditions, the post hoc analyses showed significant equivalence in either IP intentions or behavioural scores. We discussed the results from the perspective of the effect size, ceiling effects and ways of manipulation checks as future methods with more effective persuasive messaging. Following in-principle acceptance, the approved Stage 1 version of this manuscript was pre-registered on the OSF at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KZ5Y4. This pre-registration was performed prior to data collection and analysis.
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Suka, Machi, Takashi Yamauchi, and Hiroyuki Yanagisawa. "Comparing responses to differently framed and formatted persuasive messages to encourage help-seeking for depression in Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study with 2-month follow-up." BMJ Open 8, no. 11 (November 2018): e020823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020823.
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ObjectiveTo examine audience’s responses to differently framed and formatted persuasive messages in the context of developing depression help-seeking messages.DesignCross-sectional followed by 2-month follow-up study.Setting and participantsA web-based survey was conducted in July 2017 among Japanese adults aged 35–45 years. There were 1957 eligible respondents without psychiatric history. Of these, 1805 people (92.2%) completed the 2-month follow-up questionnaire.Main outcome measuresSix depression help-seeking messages were prepared with three frames (neutral, loss and gain framed)×2 formats (formatted and unformatted). Participants were asked to rate one of the messages in terms of comprehensibility, persuasiveness, emotional responses, design quality and intended future use. Help-seeking intention for depression was measured using vignette methodology before and after exposure to the messages. Subsequent 2-month help-seeking action for their own mental health (medical service use) was monitored by the follow-up survey.ResultsThe loss-framed messages more strongly induced negative emotions (surprise, fear, sadness and anxiety), while the gain-framed messages more strongly induced a positive emotion (happiness). The message formatting applied the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Clear Communication Index, enhanced the emotional responses and increased the likelihood that the message will be read. The loss-framed formatted message alone had a significantly greater OR of having help-seeking intention for depression compared with the neutral-framed unformatted message as a reference group. All messages had little impact on maintaining help-seeking intention or increasing help-seeking action.ConclusionMessage framing and formatting may influence emotional responses to the depression help-seeking message, willingness to read the message and intention to seek help for depression. It would be recommendable to apply loss framing and formatting to depression help-seeking messages, to say the least, but further studies are needed to find a way to sustain the effect of messaging for a long time.
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Hoover, Andy, and Ken Cunningham. "Framing, Persuasion, Messaging, and Messengers." Humanity & Society 38, no. 4 (August 19, 2014): 443–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160597614544957.
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Brawley, Lawrence R., and Amy E. Latimer. "Physical activity guides for Canadians: messaging strategies, realistic expectations for change, and evaluationThis article is part of a supplement entitled Advancing physical activity measurement and guidelines in Canada: a scientific review and evidence-based foundation for the future of Canadian physical activity guidelines co-published by Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism and the Canadian Journal of Public Health. It may be cited as Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 32(Suppl. 2E) or as Can. J. Public Health 98(Suppl. 2)." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 32, S2E (November 2007): S170—S184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h07-105.
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Physical activity guidelines offer evidence-based behavioural benchmarks that relate to reduced risk of morbidity and mortality if people adhere to them. Essentially, the guidelines tell people what to do, but not why and how they should do it. Thus, to motivate adherence, messages that translate guidelines should convey not only how much physical activity one should attempt and why it is recommended, but also how to achieve such a recommendation. Canada's physical activity guides exemplify how guidelines can be translated. This paper (i) provides a brief overview of the challenges encountered in creating the existing guides and (ii) highlights important practical issues and empirical evidence that should be considered in the future when translating guidelines into messages and disseminating these messages. We draw on the successes of past efforts to translate the goals of physical activity guidelines and on recent literature on messages and media campaigns to make recommendations. Information to motivate people to move toward the goals in physical activity guidelines should be translated into a set of messages that are informative, thought provoking, and persuasive. These messages should be disseminated to the public via a multi-phase social-marketing campaign that is carefully planned and thoroughly evaluated.
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Teoh, Deanna. "The Power of Social Media for HPV Vaccination–Not Fake News!" American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 39 (May 2019): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/edbk_239363.
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The Fogg theory of mass interpersonal communication suggests that social media has the ability to combine the credibility of interpersonal persuasion with mass media, resulting in a desired attitude or behavior among a large group of people. Although social media can be a very effective way of communicating health recommendations, they can also be used to spread incorrect information (a.k.a., fake news). Content analyses of social media show a mix of positive and negative messaging regarding vaccination against HPV, and sentiment may vary by social media site. Positive messages are more likely to appeal to logic, citing facts and statistics, whereas negative messages are more likely to use personal stories to appeal to emotions. An ecologic study has shown a correlation between the predominant HPV vaccine sentiment in a state and statewide HPV vaccine coverage, suggesting social media messaging has the ability to influence HPV vaccination decisions.
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P.D. Guidry, Jeanine, Richard D. Waters, and Gregory D. Saxton. "Moving social marketing beyond personal change to social change." Journal of Social Marketing 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 240–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-02-2014-0014.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine what type of messaging on Twitter is most effective for helping move social marketing beyond focusing on personal changes to find out what messages help turn members of the public into vocal advocates for these organizations’ social changes. Social marketing scholarship has regularly focused on how organizations can effectively influence changes in awareness and behaviors among their targeted audience. Communication scholarship, however, has repeatedly shown that the most influential form of persuasion happens interpersonally. As such, it is imperative that organizations learn how to engage audiences and facilitate the discussion about organizational messages between individuals. Social media provide platforms for such conversations, as organizational messaging can be shared and discussed by individuals with others in their networks. Design/methodology/approach – Through a content analysis of 3,415 Twitter updates from 50 nonprofit organizations, this study identifies specific types of messages that are more likely to get stakeholders retweeting, archiving and discussing the organizations’ messaging through regression analysis. Findings – Messages focusing on calls-to-action and community building generated the most retweets and Twitter conversation; however, they were also the least used strategies by nonprofit organizations. Originality/value – Research has regularly examined the types of messages sent out by nonprofit organizations on Twitter, but they have not tested those messages against measures of engagement. This study pushes the understanding of social media communication to the next level by analyzing those message categories against metrics provided by Twitter for each tweet in the sample.
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Shaffer, Victoria A., Elizabeth S. Focella, Andrew Hathaway, Laura D. Scherer, and Brian J. Zikmund-Fisher. "On the Usefulness of Narratives: An Interdisciplinary Review and Theoretical Model." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 52, no. 5 (March 5, 2018): 429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kax008.
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Abstract Background How can we use stories from other people to promote better health experiences, improve judgments about health, and increase the quality of medical decisions without introducing bias, systematically persuading the listeners to change their attitudes, or altering behaviors in nonoptimal ways? More practically, should narratives be used in health education, promotion, or behavior change interventions? Method In this article, we address these questions by conducting a narrative review of a diverse body of literature on narratives from several disciplines to gain a better understanding about what narratives do, including their role in communication, engagement, recall, persuasion, and health behavior change. We also review broad theories about information processing and persuasion from psychology and more specific models about narrative messaging found in the health communication and marketing literatures to provide insight into the processes by which narratives have their effect on health behavior. Results To address major gaps in our theoretical understanding about how narratives work and what effects they will have on health behavior, we propose the Narrative Immersion Model, whose goal is to identify the parameters that predict the specific impact of a particular narrative (e.g. persuade, inform, comfort, etc.) based on the type of narrative message (e.g. process, experience, or outcome narrative). Further, the Narrative Immersion Model describes the magnitude of the effect as increasing through successive layers of engagement with the narrative: interest, identification, and immersion. Finally, the Narrative Immersion Model identifies characteristics of the narrative intervention that encourage greater immersion within a given narrative. Conclusions We believe there are important communication gaps in areas areas of behavioral medicine that could be addressed with narratives; however, more work is needed in order to employ narrative messaging systematically. The Narrative Immersion Model advances our theoretical understanding about narrative processing and its subsequent effects on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior.
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Balcetis, Emily, Madhumitha Manivannan, and E. Blair Cox. "Concrete Messages Increase Healthy Eating Preferences." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 10, no. 2 (June 18, 2020): 669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10020049.
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Public health campaigns utilize messaging to encourage healthy eating. The present experimental study investigated the impact of three components of health messages on preferences for healthy foods. We exposed 1676 online, American study participants to messages that described the gains associated with eating healthy foods or the costs associated with not eating healthy foods. Messages also manipulated the degree to which they included abstract and concrete language and the temporal distance to foreshadowed outcomes. Analysis of variance statistical tests indicated that concrete rather than abstract language increased the frequency of choosing healthy over unhealthy foods when indicating food preferences. However, manipulations of proximity to outcomes and gain rather than loss frame did not affect food preferences. We discuss implications for effective public health campaigns, and economic and social cognitive theories of persuasion, and our data suggest that describing health outcomes in concrete rather than abstract terms may motivate healthier choices.
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Calvaresi, Davide, Jean-Paul Calbimonte, Enrico Siboni, Stefan Eggenschwiler, Gaetano Manzo, Roger Hilfiker, and Michael Schumacher. "EREBOTS: Privacy-Compliant Agent-Based Platform for Multi-Scenario Personalized Health-Assistant Chatbots." Electronics 10, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060666.
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Context. Asynchronous messaging is increasingly used to support human–machine interactions, generally implemented through chatbots. Such virtual entities assist the users in activities of different kinds (e.g., work, leisure, and health-related) and are becoming ingrained into humans’ habits due to factors including (i) the availability of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, (ii) the increasingly engaging nature of chatbot interactions, (iii) the release of dedicated APIs from messaging platforms, and (iv) increasingly complex AI-based mechanisms to power the bots’ behaviors. Nevertheless, most of the modern chatbots rely on state machines (implementing conversational rules) and one-fits-all approaches, neglecting personalization, data-stream privacy management, multi-topic management/interconnection, and multimodal interactions. Objective. This work addresses the challenges above through an agent-based framework for chatbot development named EREBOTS. Methods. The foundations of the framework are based on the implementation of (i) multi-front-end connectors and interfaces (i.e., Telegram, dedicated App, and web interface), (ii) enabling the configuration of multi-scenario behaviors (i.e., preventive physical conditioning, smoking cessation, and support for breast-cancer survivors), (iii) online learning, (iv) personalized conversations and recommendations (i.e., mood boost, anti-craving persuasion, and balance-preserving physical exercises), and (v) responsive multi-device monitoring interface (i.e., doctor and admin). Results. EREBOTS has been tested in the context of physical balance preservation in social confinement times (due to the ongoing pandemic). Thirteen individuals characterized by diverse age, gender, and country distribution have actively participated in the experimentation, reporting advancements in the physical balance and overall satisfaction of the interaction and exercises’ variety they have been proposed.
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Dima, Ioan Constantin, Mirela Teodorescu, and Daniela Gîfu. "New Communication Approaches vs. Traditional Communication." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 31 (June 2014): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.31.46.
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The study highlights some communication instances of actual approach of human society evolution in contrast with traditional communication. During the history of communication dates back to prehistory, with significant changes in communication technologies (media and appropriate inscription tools) evolving in tandem with shifts in political and economic systems, and by extension, systems of power (Innis, 1951), communication can range from very subtle processes of exchange, to full conversations and mass communication. Human communication was revolutionized with speech approximately 100,000 years ago, Symbols were developed about 30,000 years ago ( Diringer, 1982) and writing about 5000 years ago, with Aristotle defining first some metrics of communication, remarcable philosophers as Kant, Hegel, Witgestein, Haidegger, Gadamer developing basics of communication, then in XXth century, communication being defined as science, involving all sciences, whole world, because in fact “It is impossible not to communicate” (first axiom of communication). This evolution passed from simple messages, speeches, poems, novels to sophisticated discourses, reducing time response, emphasizing part of messaging, enlarging participation, media involving, persuasion techniques, sound and image in message, all of these convey to viral communication.
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Bang, Hyejin, Dongwon Choi, Sukki Yoon, Tae Hyun Baek, and Yeonshin Kim. "Message assertiveness and price discount in prosocial advertising: differences between Americans and Koreans." European Journal of Marketing 55, no. 6 (February 11, 2021): 1780–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-10-2019-0791.
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Purpose Prosocial advertisers widely use assertive messages to encourage prosocial attitudes and behaviors, but ironically, assertive messages may cause reactance. By applying cultural theories and the reciprocity principle, this study aims to observe whether consumers’ responses to assertive messages hold across culturally different audiences (Americans vs South Koreans) and different consumption situations (price discount vs no discount). Design/methodology/approach American and Korean participants take part in three experimental studies examining the interactions of nationality, price discounts and assertive messaging for influencing consumer responses, first to a prosocial ad encouraging recycling (Study 1), the second for a campaign requesting donations for disadvantaged children (Study 2) and the third to prosocial messages encouraging water conservation (Study 3). Findings The three experiments strongly support the moderating role of price discounts and cultural backgrounds in the persuasiveness of assertive prosocial messages. American consumers generally dislike assertive messages, but feel reciprocal obligations if marketers include price discounts, whereas South Korean consumers accept both assertive and nonassertive messages without resistance, and discounts have no effects on persuasion. Research limitations/implications The findings make two key contributions to the literature and to prosocial advertising practices. First, although many corporations have adopted philanthropic strategies, few researchers have examined how specific consumption contexts determine the effectiveness of prosocial persuasion. The findings show how price discounts and message framing potentially alter the effectiveness of prosocial messages across Eastern and Western cultures. Second, assertive language evokes reactance, but the findings suggest that reactive responses to prosocial advertising are culture-specific. Practical implications International nonprofit organizations and brands using philanthropic strategies might use the guidelines of this study for tailoring strategic, practical prosocial messages that will appeal to consumers from diverse cultural backgrounds. In particular, pro-environmental and charity campaigns targeting North American or Western European populations may consider bundling discounts into promotions to evoke reciprocity. Originality/value Findings provide novel implications for social marketers regarding on how to couple message assertiveness and price discounts to maximize the success of prosocial messages in different cultures.
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Yada, Nicole, and Milena Head. "Attitudes Toward Health Care Virtual Communities of Practice: Survey Among Health Care Workers." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): e15176. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15176.
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Background Virtual communities of practice (VCoPs) have been shown to be an effective means for knowledge and research uptake, but little is known about why health care workers choose to use them. The elaboration likelihood model (ELM) is a theoretical model of persuasion that distinguishes between different routes of information processing that influence attitude formation and change. To date, no research has investigated the antecedents to these processing routes for VCoPs within a health care setting. In understanding these determinants, VCoPs can be appropriately designed to increase their chances of use and value among health care professionals. Objective Our aim is to explore how motivation and ability affect attitudes toward using VCoPs for those working in health care. Methods Data were collected from 86 health care workers using an online survey at two Canadian health care conferences. Participants were shown a mock VCoP and asked about their perceptions of the online platform and related technologies. The survey instrument was developed based on previously validated scales to measure participants’ ability and motivation toward using a VCoP. Attitudes were assessed both at the beginning and end of the study; intention to use the platform was assessed at the end. Results Ability (expertise with CoPs and VCoPs) was found to directly affect intention to use the system (P<.001 and P=.009, respectively) as was motivation (P<.001). Argument quality had the greatest effect on formed attitudes toward VCoPs, regardless of the user’s level of experience (lower expertise: P=.04; higher expertise: P=.003). Those with higher levels of CoPs expertise were also influenced by peripheral cues of source credibility (P=.005 for attitude formation and intention to use the system) and connectedness (P=.04 for attitude formation; P=.008 for intention to use the system), whereas those with lower levels of CoP expertise were not (P>.05). A significant correlation between formed attitude and intention to use the VCoPs system was found for those with higher levels of expertise (P<.001). Conclusions This research found that both user ability and motivation play an important and positive role in the attitude toward and adoption of health care VCoPs. Unlike previous ELM research, evidence-based arguments were found to be an effective messaging tactic for improving attitudes toward VCoPs for health care professionals with both high and low levels of expertise. Understanding these factors that influence the attitudes of VCoPs can provide insight into how to best design and position such systems to encourage their effective use among health care professionals.
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Yeager, Joseph, and Linda Sommer. "Language Symmetry: A Force Behind Persuasion." Qualitative Report, January 20, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2012.1787.
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Language operates according to rules. Rules mean prediction. The application of these language rules to persuasive campaigns through linguistic technology can result in major gains in advertising, political and marketing outcomes. For qualitative researchers in communications, marketing and messaging, one area of persuasive language technology can be found in the linguistic feature of symmetry. Language has many forms of symmetry, and most persuaders are unaware that a great deal of persuasion depends upon symmetrical message structures. In persuasion, a mirror image or symmetrical reflection of an attitude or opinion is more persuasive than a random or non-symmetrical message or idea. Reading the subtle features of language to create symmetrical responses can create extraordinarily successful results for research and applied persuasive efforts ranging from single interviews to mass marketing campaigns.
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Bryhn, Torund, PEGGY SIMCIC BRØNN, and Einar Handlykken. "Beyond Acronyms: Persuasive Messaging for CCS Engagement." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3365759.
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Marzouk, Omar, Joni Salminen, Pengyi Zhang, and Bernard J. Jansen. "Which Message? Which Channel? Which Customer? - Exploring Response Rates in Multi-Channel Marketing Using Short-Form Advertising." Data and Information Management, September 24, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/dim-2021-0011.
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Abstract Formulating short-form advertising messages with little ad content that work and choosing high-performing channels to disseminate them are persistent challenges in multichannel marketing. Drawing on the persuasive systems design (PSD) model, we experimented with 33,848 actual customers of an international telecom company. In a real-life setting, we compared the effectiveness of three persuasion strategies (rational, emotional, and social) tested in three marketing channels (short message service (SMS), social media advertising, and mobile application), evaluating their effect on influencing customers to purchase international mobile phone credits. Results suggest that companies should send rational messages when using short-form advertising messages regardless of the channel to achieve higher response rates. Findings further show that certain customer characteristics are predictive of positive responses and differ by channel but not by message type. Findings from crowdsourced evaluations also indicate that people noticeably disagree on what persuasive strategy was applied to these short messages, indicating that consumers are not well-equipped to identify persuasive strategies or that what advertisers see as a “pure” strategy actually involves elements from multiple strategies as interpreted by consumers. The results have implications for the theoretical understanding of persuasive short-form commercial messaging in multichannel marketing and practical insights for advertising within a limited amount of space and attention afforded by many digital channels.
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Burgette, Jacqueline M., Marko Vujicic, Meg Booth, David Meltzer, Thomas J. Best, James Neill, Mary Lee Conicella, Renée W. Joskow, and Natalia I. Chalmers. "Advancing oral health policy through persuasive messaging and effective research measures." Journal of Public Health Dentistry, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12422.
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Dennison, James. "A basic human values approach to migration policy communication." Data & Policy 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dap.2020.17.
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AbstractThis article considers what types of strategic communication messaging regarding migration policy are likely to be more or less effective. To do so, the article summarizes the literature to, first, note the broadly postulated effectiveness of value-based messaging and, second, note how underdefined this concept remains. To overcome this shortcoming, I introduce Schwarz’s psychological theory of “basic human values” and use European Social Survey data to visualize the relationship between these values and attitudes to immigration. I argue that messaging with a value-basis that is concordant with that of its audience is more likely to elicit sympathy, whereas that which is discordant with the values of its audience is more likely to elicit antipathy. Given the value-balanced orientations of those with moderate attitudes to immigration, persuasive migration messaging should attempt to mobilize values of its opposition; that is pro-migration messaging should mobilize Schwarz’s values of conformity, tradition, security, and power, whereas anti-migration messaging should mobilize values of universalism, benevolence, self-direction, and stimulation. I then turn to an inventory of 135 migration communication campaigns provided by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development. I show that few pro-migration campaigns contained value-based messaging, whereas all anti-migration campaigns did. Similarly, very few pro-migration campaigns included values besides “universalism” and “benevolence,” whereas anti-migration campaigns included values associated with both pro- and anti-migration attitudes. I visually demonstrate examples of each case before discussing ramifications for policy communication.
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Karras, Elizabeth, Brooke A. Levandowski, and Janet M. McCarten. "An Exploration of Barriers to Suicide Prevention Messaging With US Veterans." Crisis, January 21, 2021, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000756.
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Abstract. Background: Communication campaigns offer a portable intervention to effectively reach and engage target populations at risk for suicide including US veterans. Few studies have evaluated such efforts, and still fewer have examined factors that contribute to failed suicide prevention messaging. Aims: We aimed to examine characteristics of suicide prevention messages and persuasive processes that may underlie failed communicative intervention with US veterans. Method: Telephone interviews were completed with veterans ( N = 33) from June to September 2016 using a semi-structured interview guide. Interview transcripts were coded by the authors with NVivo using a constant comparison analytic strategy. Results: Several reasons emerged for why suicide prevention messaging may fail to produce intended responses among veterans. Participants identified message features (e.g., language, images, messenger) and communication strategies that may diminish campaign effects. Limitations: Findings are not generalizable, are limited to participants who used VA healthcare and were not suicidal, and are subject to several biases. Conclusion: This work provides initial insights into barriers to effective message use with veterans.
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Jang, Youjin, Monique Mitchell Turner, Ruth Jinhee Heo, and Rachel Barry. "A new approach to audience segmentation for vaccination messaging: applying the anger activism model." Journal of Social Marketing ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-10-2020-0206.
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Purpose This study aims to use the anger activism model as an audience segmentation tool in the context of the anti-vaccination movement. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a national purposive sample (N = 438). Findings The group with high anger, strong efficacy (i.e. “activists”) was found to be more likely to engage in information seeking and was more accurate and defense-motivated when examining information about anti-vaxxers compared to other groups. Importantly, activists were more likely to engage in both low and high commitment behaviors to change vaccine policy. Originality/value As anti-vaxxers have proven to be difficult to change attitudinally, future campaigns are more likely to succeed if they leverage pro-vaccine audiences to fight for change. However, the understanding of the various segments within the pro-vaccination audience is limited. The data are discussed regarding leveraging high anger, strong efficacy audiences as change agents in future persuasive campaigns.
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Suka, Machi, Takashi Yamauchi, and Hiroyuki Yanagisawa. "1Development of persuasive message to encourage help-seeking for depression." International Journal of Epidemiology 50, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyab168.640.
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Abstract Background Delayed initial treatment contact for mental disorders is an important public health problem. The objective of this study was to develop persuasive messages to encourage help-seeking for depression. Methods Firstly, we conducted a questionnaire survey among Japanese adults to understand the reasons why people avoid seeking professional help for depression (BMC Public Health 2016). Secondly, we created 6 depression help-seeking messages with 3 frames× 2 formats and assessed their effectiveness in eliciting help-seeking intentions for depression (BMJ Open 2018). Thirdly, we redesigned the loss-framed formatted message to make it more visually appealing and made a trial of repeated message exposure with the aim of sustaining the messaging effect over time. Results Less than 40 % of survey participants reported a positive help-seeking intention for depression. The neutral-, loss-, and gain-framed messages were selected so as to be matched against the top 3 reasons for having no help-seeking intention, respectively. The loss-framed formatted message functioned better than the others; help-seeking intentions increased from 36% to 47% after the message exposure. Repeated message exposure increased the message retention rate (once 26% vs. twice 48% at 2-week follow-up) which enhanced the elicitation of help-seeking intentions. Conclusions The depression help-seeking message can elicit the intent to do so among people who otherwise lack this. Key messages The Step approach to Message Design and Testing is useful for developing public health messages and materials. Acknowledge: This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP25460815, JP16K09147 and the Uehara Memorial Foundation Research Grant.
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Marriott, Robert W., and James Price Dillard. "Sweet talk for voters: a survey of persuasive messaging in ten U. S. sugar-sweetened beverage tax referendums." Critical Public Health, February 10, 2020, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2020.1724263.
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Elliott, Lewis R., Mathew P. White, Lora E. Fleming, Charles Abraham, and Adrian H. Taylor. "Redesigning walking brochures using behaviour change theory: implications for walking intentions in natural environments." Health Promotion International, December 27, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daaa150.
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Summary Natural environments can be used to promote health through facilitating recreational walking. However, efforts to encourage this often neglect messages identified in psychological research that are effective at influencing intentions to walk. This is despite the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence stating that promotional efforts should utilize theoretical frameworks of behaviour change and be targeted towards less active adults. As an illustrative example, this experiment compared a prototypical recreational walking brochure with an “enhanced” version including such persuasive messages on people’s intentions to walk for recreation in natural environments. The enhanced brochure heightened intentions for inexperienced recreational walkers through our hypothesized mechanisms, but appeared to dissuade already-experienced walkers. Optimal messaging strategies in recreational walking brochures require tailoring to more and less active readerships. Guidelines are provided for authors of recreational walking brochures, though the principles and techniques could easily be extended to other means of outdoor walking promotion.
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Waughtal, Joy, Phat Luong, Lisa Sandy, Catia Chavez, P. Michael Ho, and Sheana Bull. "Nudge me: tailoring text messages for prescription adherence through N-of-1 interviews." Translational Behavioral Medicine, June 3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibab056.
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Abstract Almost 50% of patients with cardiovascular diseases face challenges in taking medications and increased morbidity and mortality. Text messaging may impact medication refill behavior and can be delivered at scale to patients by texting mobile phones. To obtain feedback from persons with chronic conditions on the design of interactive text messages and determine language of message for making messages that can motivate patients to refill medications on time. We purposively sampled 35 English and Spanish speaking patients with at least one chronic condition from three large healthcare delivery systems to participate in N-of-1 video-based synchronous interviews. Research assistants shared ideas for theory-informed text messages with content intended to persuade patients to refill their medication. We transcribed recorded interviews and conducted a content analysis to identify strategies to employ generating a dynamic interactive text message library intended to increase medication refill. Those interviewed were of diverse age and race/ethnicity and typical of persons with multiple chronic conditions. Several participants emphasized that personally tailored and positively framed messages would be more persuasive than generic and/or negative messages. Some patients appreciated humor and messages that could evoke a sense of social support from their providers and rejected the use of emojis. Messages to remind patients to refill medications may facilitate improvements in adherence, which in turn can improve chronic care. Designing messages that are persuasive and can prompt action is feasible and should be considered given the ease with which such messages can be delivered automatically at scale.
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Busic-Sontic, Ante, and Cameron Brick. "Personality Trait Effects on Green Household Installations." Collabra: Psychology 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/collabra.120.
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Large, one-time investments in green energy installations effectively reduce domestic energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Despite long-term economic benefits for households, the rate of green investments often remains moderate unless supported by financial subsidies. Beyond financial considerations, green investments may also be driven by individual psychological factors. The current study uses data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (N = 3,468) to analyse whether the household decision to invest in green energy installations is linked to the Big Five personality traits. Personality traits and domestic investments in solar and other alternative energy systems had weak indirect associations through environmental concern but not through risk preferences. Openness to Experience and Neuroticism showed a weak positive relationship with green energy installations through the environmental concern channel, whereas Extraversion had a weak negative link. Based on these findings, persuasive messaging for green investments may be more effective when it focuses on environmental concern rather than reduced risk in countries like Germany, where long-standing financial subsidies decreased the risk in green investments.
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Dixon, Helen, Maree Scully, Claudia Gascoyne, and Melanie Wakefield. "Can counter-advertising diminish persuasive effects of conventional and pseudo-healthy unhealthy food product advertising on parents?: an experimental study." BMC Public Health 20, no. 1 (November 25, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09881-1.
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Abstract Background To help address rising rates of obesity in children, evidence is needed concerning impacts of common forms of marketing for unhealthy child-oriented food products and the efficacy of educational interventions in counteracting any detrimental impacts of such marketing. This study aims to explore parents’ responses to advertising for unhealthy children’s food products that employ different types of persuasive appeals and test whether a counter-advertising intervention exposing industry motives and marketing strategies can bolster parents’ resistance to influence by unhealthy product advertising. Methods N = 1613 Australian parents were randomly assigned to view online either a: (A) non-food ad (control); (B) conventional confectionery ad (highlighting sensory benefits of the product); (C) pseudo-healthy confectionery ad (promoting sensory benefits and health attributes of the product); (D) conventional confectionery ad + counter-ad (employing inoculation-style messaging and narrative communication elements); (E) pseudo-healthy confectionery ad + counter-ad. Parents then viewed various snacks, including those promoted in the food ads and counter-ad. Parents nominated their preferred product, then rated the products. Results Exposure to the conventional confectionery ad increased parents’ preference for the advertised product, enhanced perceptions of the product’s healthiness and reduced sugar content and boosted brand attitude. Exposure to the pseudo-healthy confectionery ad increased parents’ preference for the advertised product, and enhanced perceptions of healthiness, fibre content and lower sugar content. The counter-ad diminished, but did not eliminate, product ad effects on parents’ purchasing preference, product perceptions and brand attitudes. The counter-ad also prompted parents to perceive processed foods as less healthy, higher in sugar and lower in fibre and may have increased support for advertising regulation. Conclusions Exposure to unhealthy product advertising promoted favourable perceptions of products and increased preferences for advertised products among parents. Counter-advertising interventions may bolster parents’ resistance to persuasion by unhealthy product advertising and empower parents to more accurately evaluate advertised food products.
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Pennings, Susan, and Xavier Symons. "Persuasion, not coercion or incentivisation, is the best means of promoting COVID-19 vaccination." Journal of Medical Ethics, January 27, 2021, medethics—2020–107076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-107076.
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Savulescu (forthcoming) argues that it may be ethically acceptable for governments to require citizens be vaccinated against COVID-19. He also recommends that governments consider providing monetary or in-kind incentives to citizens to increase vaccination rates. In this response, we argue against mandatory vaccination and vaccine incentivisation, and instead suggest that targeted public health messaging and a greater responsiveness to the concerns of vaccine-hesitant individuals would be the best strategy to address low vaccination rates.